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Qin H, Hu LL, Wang WJ, Yu ZZ, Chen Y, Zhao YB, Liao YH, Zhang WL, Yang RQ. MiR-20b-5p involves in vascular aging induced by hyperhomocysteinemia. Exp Gerontol 2023; 184:112330. [PMID: 37967592 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is an independent risk factor of atherosclerosis (AS). Some reports have shown that homocysteine (Hcy) could accelerate the development of AS by promoting endothelial cell senescence. miRNAs were widely involved in the pathophysiology of HHcy. However, few studies have focused on the changes of miRNA-mRNA networks in the artery of HHcy patients. For this reason, RNA-sequencing was adopted to investigate the expression of miRNA and mRNA in HHcy model mouse arteries. We found that the expression of 216 mRNAs and 48 miRNAs were significantly changed. Using TargetScan and miRDB web tools, 29 miRNA-mRNA pairs were predicted. Notably, miR-20b-5p and FJX1 shared the highest predicted score in TargetScan, and further study indicated that the miR-20b-5p inhibitor significantly upregulated the FJX1 expression in HHcy human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) model. PPI analysis revealed an important sub-network which was centered on CDK1. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that HHcy had a significant effect on cell cycle. Further experiments found that Hcy management increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, the activity of senescence associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) and the protein expression of p16 and p21 in HUVECs, which were rescued by miR-20b-5p inhibitor. In general, our research indicated the important role of miR-20b-5p in HHcy-related endothelial cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Long-Long Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuo-Zhong Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Bin Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hui Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Lin Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Qiang Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Guo G, Yang J, Guo W, Deng H, Yu H, Bai S, Li G, Tang Y, Zhang P, Xu Y, Pan C, Tang Z. Homocysteine impedes neurite outgrowth recovery after intracerebral haemorrhage by downregulating pCAMK2A. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2023; 8:335-348. [PMID: 36854487 PMCID: PMC10512087 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2022-002165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is independently associated with poorer long-term prognosis in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH); however, the effect and mechanisms of HHcy on ICH are still unclear. Here, we evaluated neurite outgrowth and neurological functional recovery using simulated models of ICH with HHcy in vitro and in vivo. We found that the neurite outgrowth velocity and motor functional recovery in the ICH plus HHcy group were significantly slower than that in the control group, indicating that homocysteine (Hcy) significantly impedes the neurite outgrowth recovery after ICH. Furthermore, phosphoproteomic data and signalome analysis of perihematomal brain tissues suggested that calmodulin-dependent protein kinases 2 (CAMK2A) kinase substrate pairs were significantly downregulated in ICH with HHcy compared with autologous blood injection only, both western blot and immunofluorescence staining confirmed this finding. Additionally, upregulation of pCAMK2A significantly increased neurite outgrowth recovery in ICH with HHcy. Collectively, we clarify the mechanism of HHcy-hindered neurite outgrowth recovery, and pCAMK2A may serve as a therapeutic strategy for promoting neurological recovery after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Guo
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingfei Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenliang Guo
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Deng
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haihan Yu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuang Bai
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gaigai Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yingxin Tang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chao Pan
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhouping Tang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Vitamins, microelements and the immune system: current standpoint in the fight against coronavirus disease 2019. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:2131-2146. [PMID: 35057876 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522000083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory disease associated with severe systemic inflammation. The optimal status of vitamins and microelements is considered crucial for the proper functioning of the immune system and necessary for successful recovery. Most patients with respiratory distress in COVID-19 are vitamin and microelement deficient, with vitamin D and Se deficiency being the most common. Anyway, various micronutrient supplements are widely and arbitrarily used for prevention or in the treatment of COVID-19. We aimed to summarise current knowledge about molecular and physiological mechanisms of vitamins (D, A, C, B6, B9 and B12) and microelements (Se, Zn, Cu and Fe) involved in the immune system regulation in consideration with COVID-19 pathogenesis, as well as recent findings related to their usage and effects in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. In the early course of the pandemic, several, mainly observational, studies reported an association of some micronutrients, such as vitamin C, D and Zn, with severity reduction and survival improvement. Still, emerging randomised controlled trials showed no effect of vitamin D on hospitalisation length and no effect of vitamin C and Zn on symptom reduction. Up to date, there is evidence neither for nor against the use of micronutrients in the treatment of COVID-19. The doses that exceed the recommended for the general population and age group should not be used, except in clinical trials. Benefits of supplementation are primarily expected in populations prone to micronutrient deficiencies, who are, as well, at a higher risk of worse outcomes in COVID-19.
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Degjoni A, Campolo F, Stefanini L, Venneri MA. The NO/cGMP/PKG pathway in platelets: The therapeutic potential of PDE5 inhibitors in platelet disorders. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:2465-2474. [PMID: 35950928 PMCID: PMC9805178 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are the "guardians" of the blood circulatory system. At sites of vessel injury, they ensure hemostasis and promote immunity and vessel repair. However, their uncontrolled activation is one of the main drivers of thrombosis. To keep circulating platelets in a quiescent state, the endothelium releases platelet antagonists including nitric oxide (NO) that acts by stimulating the intracellular receptor guanylyl cyclase (GC). The latter produces the second messenger cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) that inhibits platelet activation by stimulating protein kinase G, which phosphorylates hundreds of intracellular targets. Intracellular cGMP pools are tightly regulated by a fine balance between GC and phosphodiesterases (PDEs) that are responsible for the hydrolysis of cyclic nucleotides. Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) is a cGMP-specific PDE, broadly expressed in most tissues in humans and rodents. In clinical practice, PDE5 inhibitors (PDE5i) are used as first-line therapy for erectile dysfunction, pulmonary artery hypertension, and lower urinary tract symptoms. However, several studies have shown that PDE5i may ameliorate the outcome of various other conditions, like heart failure and stroke. Interestingly, NO donors and cGMP analogs increase the capacity of anti-platelet drugs targeting the purinergic receptor type Y, subtype 12 (P2Y12) receptor to block platelet aggregation, and preclinical studies have shown that PDE5i inhibits platelet functions. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of PDE5i on platelet activation and aggregation focusing on the therapeutic potential of PDE5i in platelet disorders, and the outcomes of a combined therapy with PDE5i and NO donors to inhibit platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisa Degjoni
- Department of Experimental MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Federica Campolo
- Department of Experimental MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Lucia Stefanini
- Department of Translational and Precision MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Mary Anna Venneri
- Department of Experimental MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
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Song W, Yuan Y, Tan X, Gu Y, Zeng J, Song W, Xin Z, Fang D, Guan R. Icariside II induces rapid phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase via multiple signaling pathways. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14192. [PMID: 36312762 PMCID: PMC9615964 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Icariside II, as a favonoid compound derived from epimedium, has been proved to involed in a variety of biological and pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoporosis, anti-oxidation, anti-aging, and anti-cancer but its mechanism is unclear, especially in terms of its effect on post-transcriptional modification of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Phosphorylation of eNOS plays an important role in the synthesis of nitric oxide in endothelial cells, which is closely related to erectile dysfunction, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and other diseases. Our study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of Icariside II on the rapid phosphorylation of eNOS. In this study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were stimulated with Icariside II in the presence or absence of multiple inhibitors (1 µM), including LY294002 (PI3K-inhibitor), MK-2206 (AKT-inhibitor), Bisindolylmaleimide X (AMPK-inhibitor), H-89 (CaMKII-inhibitor), KN-62 (PKA-inhibitor), Dorsomorphin (PKC-inhibitor). The proliferation of HUVECs was assessed using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). The release of nitric oxide (NO) within HUVECs was detected via fluorescence probe (DAF-FM). Western blot was used to examine the effect of Icariside II on the expression of eNOS, phosphorylation of eNOS, and common signaling pathways proteins. In this study, Icariside II was found to promote the cell proliferation and rapid NO release in HUVECs. The phosphorylation of eNOS-Ser1177 was significantly increased after Icariside II stimulation and reached a peak at 10 min (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the phosphorylation of eNOS-Thr495 was significantly decreased after 45 min of stimulation (p < 0.05). Following the intervention with multiple inhibitors, it was found that MK-2206 (AKT inhibitor), LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor), KN-62 (AMPK inhibitor), and Bisindolylmaleimide X (PKC inhibitor) could significantly inhibit the phosphorylation of eNOS-Ser1177 caused by Icariside II (p < 0.05), while MK-2206, LY294002, and Bisindolylmaleimide X reversed the alleviated phosphorylation of eNOS-Thr495. We concluded that Icariside can regulate rapid phosphorylation of eNOS- Ser1177 and eNOS-Thr495 via multiple signaling pathways, resulting in the up-regulation of eNOS and the increased release of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Song
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China,Department of Dental Implant Center, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Yuan
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Tan
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Gu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyu Zeng
- Department of Dental Implant Center, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Song
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongcheng Xin
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Fang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ruili Guan
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
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Elevated plasma homocysteine level is associated with poor ST-segment resolution in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention at high altitude. CARDIOLOGY PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1097/cp9.0000000000000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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7
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Borowska M, Winiarska H, Dworacka M, Wesołowska A, Dworacki G, Mikołajczak PŁ. The Effect of Homocysteine on the Secretion of Il-1β, Il-6, Il-10, Il-12 and RANTES by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells-An In Vitro Study. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216671. [PMID: 34771080 PMCID: PMC8588228 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The contemporary theory of the inflammatory-immunological pathomechanism of atherosclerosis includes the participation of interleukin-1β (Il), Il-6, Il-10, Il-12, RANTES, and homocysteine in this process. The knowledge on the direct effect of hyperhomocysteinemia on inflammatory-state-related atherosclerosis is rather scarce. Our study is the first to account for the effects of homocysteine on the secretion of Il-10 and RANTES in vitro conditions. For this purpose, human mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) were cultured in vitro and exposed to homocysteine at high concentrations. Subsequently, the concentrations of cytokines were assayed in the cell culture supernatant using flow cytofluorimetry. It has been shown that, in the presence of homocysteine, the secretion of IL-1, IL-6 and RANTES by PBMNCs was increased, whereas IL-10 concentration was significantly lower than that of the supernatant derived from a mitogen-stimulated cell culture without homocysteine. The secretion of Il-12 by PBMNCs exposed exclusively to mitogen, did not differ from homologous cells also treated with homocysteine. Therefore, in our opinion, high-concentration homocysteine affects the progression of atherosclerosis by increasing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines secreted by PBMNCs, such as Il-1β, Il-6, RANTES, and by attenuating the secretion of Il-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Borowska
- Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (H.W.); (M.D.); (A.W.); (P.Ł.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hanna Winiarska
- Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (H.W.); (M.D.); (A.W.); (P.Ł.M.)
| | - Marzena Dworacka
- Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (H.W.); (M.D.); (A.W.); (P.Ł.M.)
| | - Anna Wesołowska
- Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (H.W.); (M.D.); (A.W.); (P.Ł.M.)
| | - Grzegorz Dworacki
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Łukasz Mikołajczak
- Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (H.W.); (M.D.); (A.W.); (P.Ł.M.)
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Effects of Hyperhomocysteinemia on the Platelet-Driven Contraction of Blood Clots. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11060354. [PMID: 34205914 PMCID: PMC8228611 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is associated with thrombosis, but the mechanistic links between them are not understood. We studied effects of homocysteine (Hcy) on clot contraction in vitro and in a rat model of HHcy. Incubation of blood with exogenous Hcy for 1 min enhanced clot contraction, while 15-min incubation led to a dose-dependent suppression of contraction. These effects were likely due to direct Hcy-induced platelet activation followed by exhaustion, as revealed by an increase in fibrinogen-binding capacity and P-selectin expression determined by flow cytometry. In the blood of rats with HHcy, clot contraction was enhanced at moderately elevated Hcy levels (10–50 μM), while at higher Hcy levels (>50 μM), the onset of clot contraction was delayed. HHcy was associated with thrombocytosis combined with a reduced erythrocyte count and hypofibrinogenemia. These data suggest that in HHcy, platelets get activated directly and indirectly, leading to enhanced clot contraction that is facilitated by the reduced content and resilience of fibrin and erythrocytes in the clot. The excessive platelet activation can lead to exhaustion and impaired contractility, which makes clots larger and more obstructive. In conclusion, HHcy modulates blood clot contraction, which may comprise an underappreciated pro- or antithrombotic mechanism.
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Nardin M, Verdoia M, Gioscia R, Negro F, De Luca G. Impact of renin angiotensin system inhibitors on homocysteine levels and platelets reactivity in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:1276-1285. [PMID: 33549433 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) and Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) represent the cornerstone in the treatment of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), mainly after an acute ischemic event. However, high-on treatment residual platelet reactivity (HRPR), is not infrequent despite optimal medical treatment. Homocysteine (Hcy) is a metabolite of methionine catabolism linked to atherothrombosis. Recently, a potential crosstalk between RAS and Hcy has been suggested, potentially favouring platelet aggregation and cardiovascular disease.Therefore, we aimed to investigate the impact of RASi on Hcy levels and platelet aggregation in patients on DAPT after PCI. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients undergoing PCI on DAPT with ASA plus an ADP-antagonist (clopidogrel, ticagrelor or prasugrel), were included. RASi comprised angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB). Aggregation tests were performed by Multiple Electrode Aggregometry. We included 1210 patients, of whom 862 (71.2%) were on treatment with RASi. Overall, DAPT composition was ASA+clopidogrel in 566 (46.8%) patients, ASA+ticagrelor in 428 (35.4%) and ASA+prasugrel in 216 (17.9%). Median values of Hcy were higher in RASi patients (p = 0.006), who displayed a higher percentage of Hcy above the median value (52.4% vs. 44.8%, p = 0.019, adjustedOR [95%CI] = 1.40 [1.04-1.88], p = 0.027). No differences in HRPR rate were found according to RASi use for ASPI test (3.6% vs. 3.3%, p = 0.88) and ADP test (25.6% vs. 24.3%,p = 0.62; adjustedOR [95%CI] = 1.23 [0.89-1.70], p = 0.220) and according to ADP-antagonist type. A direct linear relationship was observed between platelet reactivity and Hcy in both patients receiving RASi and untreated ones, with higher values of platelet aggregation being observed in patients with Hcy above the median, independently from RASi administration and DAPT strategy. CONCLUSION In patients on DAPT after PCI, RASi treatment did not emerge as an independent predictor of HRPR. However, the levels of Hcy were significantly elevated in patients on RASi and related to higher values of platelet reactivity, independently from the DAPT strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Nardin
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria "Maggiore della Carità", Eastern Piedmont University, Novara, Italy; Department of Medicine, ASST "Spedali Civili", University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Monica Verdoia
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria "Maggiore della Carità", Eastern Piedmont University, Novara, Italy; Division of Cardiology, "Ospedale degli Infermi", Biella, Italy
| | - Rocco Gioscia
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria "Maggiore della Carità", Eastern Piedmont University, Novara, Italy
| | - Federica Negro
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria "Maggiore della Carità", Eastern Piedmont University, Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Luca
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria "Maggiore della Carità", Eastern Piedmont University, Novara, Italy.
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10
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A potential role for T-type calcium channels in homocysteinemia-induced peripheral neuropathy. Pain 2019; 160:2798-2810. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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11
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Prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia induces oxidative stress and accelerates ‘aging’ of mammalian neuromuscular synapses. Int J Dev Neurosci 2019; 75:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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12
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Daiber A, Xia N, Steven S, Oelze M, Hanf A, Kröller-Schön S, Münzel T, Li H. New Therapeutic Implications of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) Function/Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20010187. [PMID: 30621010 PMCID: PMC6337296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Global Burden of Disease Study identified cardiovascular risk factors as leading causes of global deaths and life years lost. Endothelial dysfunction represents a pathomechanism that is associated with most of these risk factors and stressors, and represents an early (subclinical) marker/predictor of atherosclerosis. Oxidative stress is a trigger of endothelial dysfunction and it is a hall-mark of cardiovascular diseases and of the risk factors/stressors that are responsible for their initiation. Endothelial function is largely based on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) function and activity. Likewise, oxidative stress can lead to the loss of eNOS activity or even “uncoupling” of the enzyme by adverse regulation of well-defined “redox switches” in eNOS itself or up-/down-stream signaling molecules. Of note, not only eNOS function and activity in the endothelium are essential for vascular integrity and homeostasis, but also eNOS in perivascular adipose tissue plays an important role for these processes. Accordingly, eNOS protein represents an attractive therapeutic target that, so far, was not pharmacologically exploited. With our present work, we want to provide an overview on recent advances and future therapeutic strategies that could be used to target eNOS activity and function in cardiovascular (and other) diseases, including life style changes and epigenetic modulations. We highlight the redox-regulatory mechanisms in eNOS function and up- and down-stream signaling pathways (e.g., tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism and soluble guanylyl cyclase/cGMP pathway) and their potential pharmacological exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Daiber
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ning Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Alina Hanf
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Swenja Kröller-Schön
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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Ostrakhovitch EA, Tabibzadeh S. Homocysteine and age-associated disorders. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 49:144-164. [PMID: 30391754 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There are numerous theories of aging, a process which still seems inevitable. Aging leads to cancer and multi-systemic disorders as well as chronic diseases. Decline in age- associated cellular functions leads to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline that affect the quality of life. Accumulation of damage, mutations, metabolic changes, failure in cellular energy production and clearance of altered proteins over the lifetime, and hyperhomocysteinemia, ultimately result in tissue degeneration. The decline in renal functions, nutritional deficiencies, deregulation of methionine cycle and deficiencies of homocysteine remethylation and transsulfuration cofactors cause elevation of homocysteine with advancing age. Abnormal accumulation of homocysteine is a risk factor of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and chronic kidney disease. Moreover, approximately 50% of people, aged 65 years and older develop hypertension and are at a high risk of developing cardiovascular insufficiency and incurable neurodegenerative disorders. Increasing evidence suggests inverse relation between cognitive impairment, cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events and renal function. Oxidative stress, inactivation of nitric oxide synthase pathway and mitochondria dysfunction associated with impaired homocysteine metabolism lead to aging tissue degeneration. In this review, we examine impact of high homocysteine levels on changes observed with aging that contribute to development and progression of age associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Ostrakhovitch
- Frontiers in Bioscience Research Institute in Aging and Cancer, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - S Tabibzadeh
- Frontiers in Bioscience Research Institute in Aging and Cancer, Irvine, CA, USA.
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14
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Liu Z, Liu Y, Xu Q, Peng H, Tang Y, Yang T, Yu Z, Cheng G, Zhang G, Shi R. Critical role of vascular peroxidase 1 in regulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Redox Biol 2017; 12:226-232. [PMID: 28264790 PMCID: PMC5338721 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular peroxidase 1 (VPO1) is a member of the peroxidase family which aggravates oxidative stress by producing hypochlorous acid (HOCl). Our previous study demonstrated that VPO1 plays a critical role in endothelial dysfunction through dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase2 (DDAH2)/asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) pathway. Hereby we describe the regulatory role of VPO1 on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In HUVECs AngiotensinII (100 nM) treatment reduced Nitric Oxide (NO) production, decreased eNOS expression and activity, which were reversed by VPO1 siRNA. Knockdown of VPO1 also attenuated ADMA production and eNOS uncoupling while enhancing phosphorylated ser1177 eNOS expression level. Furthermore, HOCl stimulation was shown to directly induce ADMA production and eNOS uncoupling, decrease phosphorylated ser1177 eNOS expression. It also significantly suppressed eNOS expression and activity together with NO production. Therefore, VPO1 plays a vital role in regulating eNOS expression and activity via hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-VPO1-HOCl pathway. Angiotensin II decreased eNOS expression and activity in HUVECs. VPO1 plays an important role in regulating eNOS expression and activity in HUVECs. VPO1 regulates eNOS expression and activity through VPO1/H2O2/HOCl pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoya Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yanbo Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Haiyang Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yixin Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Tianlun Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zaixin Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Guangjie Cheng
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Guogang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Ruizheng Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
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15
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Romecín P, Atucha NM, Navarro EG, Ortiz MC, Iyú D, Rosado JA, García-Estañ J. Role of homocysteine and folic acid on the altered calcium homeostasis of platelets from rats with biliary cirrhosis. Platelets 2017; 28:698-705. [PMID: 28150525 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2016.1265920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we have found that intracellular calcium homeostasis is altered in platelets from an experimental model of liver cirrhosis, the bile-duct ligated (BDL) rat; these alterations are compatible with the existence of a hypercoagulable state. Different studies indicate that cholestatic diseases are associated with hyperhomocysteinemia; thus, we hypothetized that it could contribute to those platelet alterations. In the present study, we have investigated the role of homocysteine (HCY) in platelet aggregation and calcium signaling in the BDL model. The effect of chronic folic acid treatment was also analyzed. Acute treatment with HCY increased the aggregation response to ADP and calcium responses to thrombin in platelets of control and BDL rats. Capacitative calcium entry was not altered by HCY. Chronic treatment with folic acid decreased platelet aggregation in control and BDL rats, but this decrease was greater in BDL rats. In folic acid-treated rats, thrombin-induced calcium entry and release were decreased in platelet of control rats but unaltered in BDL rats; however, capacitative calcium entry was decreased in platelets of control and BDL rats treated with folic acid. Reactive oxygen species were produced at higher levels by BDL platelets after stimulation with HCY or thrombin and folic acid normalized these responses. HCY plays a role in the enhanced platelet aggregation response of BDL rats, probably through an enhanced formation of ROS. Folic acid pretreatment normalizes many of the platelet alterations shown by BDL rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Romecín
- a Depto. Fisiología, Fac. Medicina, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) , Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Noemí M Atucha
- a Depto. Fisiología, Fac. Medicina, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) , Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Esther G Navarro
- a Depto. Fisiología, Fac. Medicina, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) , Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Clara Ortiz
- a Depto. Fisiología, Fac. Medicina, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) , Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - David Iyú
- a Depto. Fisiología, Fac. Medicina, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) , Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Rosado
- b Depto. Fisiología, Fac. Veterinaria , Universidad de Extremadura , Cáceres, Spain
| | - Joaquín García-Estañ
- a Depto. Fisiología, Fac. Medicina, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) , Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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16
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Karolczak K, Pieniazek A, Watala C. Inhibition of glutamate receptors reduces the homocysteine-induced whole blood platelet aggregation but does not affect superoxide anion generation or platelet membrane fluidization. Platelets 2016; 28:90-98. [PMID: 27560773 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2016.1204438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is an excitotoxic amino acid. It is potentially possible to prevent Hcy-induced toxicity, including haemostatic impairments, by antagonizing glutaminergic receptors. Using impedance aggregometry with arachidonate and collagen as platelet agonists, we tested whether the blockade of platelet NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate), AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid) and kainate receptors with their inhibitors: MK-801 (dizocilpine hydrogen maleate, [5R,10S]-[+]-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine), CNQX (7-nitro-2,3-dioxo-1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-6-carbonitrile) and UBP-302 (2-{[3-[(2S)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]-2,6-dioxo-3,6-dihydropyrimidin 1(2H)-yl]methyl}benzoic acid) may hamper Hcy-dependent platelet aggregation. All the tested compounds significantly inhibited Hcy-augmented aggregation of blood platelets stimulated either with arachidonate or collagen. Hcy stimulated the generation of superoxide anion in whole blood samples in a concentration-dependent manner; however, this process appeared as independent on ionotropic glutamate receptors, as well as on NADPH oxidase and protein kinase C, and was not apparently associated with the extent of either arachidonate- or collagen-dependent platelet aggregation. Moreover, Hcy acted as a significant fluidizer of surface (more hydrophilic) and inner (more hydrophobic) regions of platelet membrane lipid bilayer, when used at the concentration range from 10 to 50 µmol/l. However, this effect was independent on the Hcy action through glutamate ionotropic receptors, since there was no effects of MK-801, CNQX or UBP-302 on Hcy-mediated membrane fluidization. In conclusion, Hcy-induced changes in whole blood platelet aggregation are mediated through the ionotopic excitotoxic receptors, although the detailed mechanisms underlying such interactions remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Karolczak
- a Department of Haemostatic Disorders, Chair of Biomedical Sciences , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Anna Pieniazek
- b Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection , University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Cezary Watala
- a Department of Haemostatic Disorders, Chair of Biomedical Sciences , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
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Boneh A. Signal transduction in inherited metabolic disorders: a model for a possible pathogenetic mechanism. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015; 38:729-40. [PMID: 25735935 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-015-9820-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Signal transduction is the process by which external or internal signals exert their intracellular biological effects and by which intracellular communication is regulated. An important component of the signalling pathway is the second messenger, which is produced upon stimulation of the cell and mediates its effects downstream through phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of target proteins. Intracellular accumulation or deficiency of metabolites that serve as second messengers, due to inborn errors of their metabolism, may lead to perturbation of signalling pathways and disruption of the balance between them, serving as a missing link between the genotype, biochemical phenotype and clinical phenotype. The main second messengers that are putatively associated with the pathogenesis of IEM are 'bioactive lipids' (complex lipids and long-chain fatty acids), 'calcium', 'stress' (osmotic, reactive oxygen/nitorgen species, misfolded proteins and others) and 'metabolic' (AMP/ATP ratio, leucine, glutamine). They act through protein kinase C, calcium dependent kinases (CamK) and phosphatase (CN), 'stress-mediated' kinases (MAPK) and AMP/ATP-dependent kinase (AMPK). These signalling pathways lead to cell proliferation, inflammatory response, autophagy (and mitophagy) and apoptosis, suggesting that there are only few final common pathways involved in this pathogenetic mechanism. Questions remain regarding the complexity of the effects of the accumulating metabolites on different signalling pathways, and regarding the relative role and origin of 'proxy' second messengers such as reactive oxygen species. A better understanding of the signalling pathways in IEM may enhance the development of novel therapies in situations where normalising intracellular concentrations of the second messenger is impossible or impractical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avihu Boneh
- Metabolic Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Vic, 3052, Melbourne, Australia,
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Liu Y, Luo W, Yang H, Fang W, Xi T, Li Y, Xiong J. Stimulation of nitric oxide production contributes to the antiplatelet and antithrombotic effect of new peptide pENW (pGlu-Asn-Trp). Thromb Res 2015; 136:319-27. [PMID: 26028472 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION New peptide pGlu-Asn-Trp (pENW), initially extracted from snake venom, significantly attenuates the formation of arterial and venous thrombi in vivo, and has modest in-vitro antiplatelet activity. This study was designed to investigate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS The rat carotid thrombosis model induced by FeCl3 was established to evaluate the antithrombotic activity of pENW. The effects of pENW on the production of nitric oxide (NO), as well as the expression and activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), were determined. The vasorelaxant effect of pENW was evaluated using isolated rat aortic rings in the absence or presence of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, eNOS inhibitor). Furthermore, the in-vitro antiplatelet activity of pENW was investigated with the addition of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, NO donor) and/or L-NAME to further prove the role of NO and eNOS in the inhibitory effect of pENW on platelet aggregation. RESULTS In vivo, pENW inhibited thrombus formation induced by endothelial injury in a dose-dependent manner, with a significantly prolonged time to the occurrence of arterial occlusion. It was shown that pENW offered protection for blood vessels from oxidative injury. pENW significantly increased NO production in rats treated with pENW at 4 or 2mg/kg body weight. Furthermore, the production of NO from the cultured vascular endothelial cells was increased with the treatment of 10(-4)M and 10(-5)M pENW; pENW also enhanced eNOS expression and activity both in vivo and in vitro, and elicited a concentration-dependent vasorelaxation which was significantly inhibited by L-NAME. Notably, pENW inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation, and the inhibition was more significant in the presence of NO. The inhibition of platelet aggregation by pENW was significantly abolished by L-NAME. CONCLUSIONS The in-vivo antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects of pENW are at least partly mediated by the increased production of endogenous NO via up-regulation and stimulation of eNOS. The findings suggest that pENW could potentially be developed as a novel therapeutic agent in the treatment of platelet-driven disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjing Luo
- Research Center of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing Jiangsu, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Research Center of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Jiangsu Hansoh Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Xi
- Research Center of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunman Li
- Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Jiangsu, China.
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Gambaryan S, Tsikas D. A review and discussion of platelet nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase: do blood platelets produce nitric oxide from L-arginine or nitrite? Amino Acids 2015; 47:1779-93. [PMID: 25929585 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-1986-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The NO/sGC/cGMP/PKG system is one of the most powerful mechanisms responsible for platelet inhibition. In numerous publications, expression of functional NO synthase (NOS) in human and mouse platelets has been reported. Constitutive and inducible NOS isoforms convert L-arginine to NO and L-citrulline. The importance of this pathway in platelets and in endothelial cells for the regulation of platelet function is discussed since decades. However, there are serious doubts in the literature concerning both expression and functionality of NOS in platelets. In this review, we aim to present and critically evaluate recent data concerning NOS expression and function in platelets, and to especially emphasise potential pitfalls of detection of NOS proteins and measurement of NOS activity. Prevailing analytical problems are probably the main sources of contradictory data on occurrence, activity and function of NOS in platelets. In this review we also address issues of how these problems can be resolved. NO donors including organic nitrites (RONO) and organic nitrate (RONO2) are inhibitors of platelet activation. Endogenous inorganic nitrite (NO2 (-)), the product of NO autoxidation, and exogenous inorganic nitrite are increasingly investigated as NO donors in the circulation. The role of platelets in the generation of NO from nitrite is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepan Gambaryan
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thorez Prosp, St. Petersburg, 194223, Russia,
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20
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Inflammatory and antioxidant pattern unbalance in "clopidogrel-resistant" patients during acute coronary syndrome. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:710123. [PMID: 25873769 PMCID: PMC4383491 DOI: 10.1155/2015/710123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. In acute coronary syndrome (ACS), inflammation and redox response are associated with increased residual platelet reactivity (RPR) on clopidogrel therapy. We investigated whether clopidogrel interaction affects platelet function and modulates factors related to inflammation and oxidation in ACS patients differently responding to clopidogrel. Material and Methods. Platelet aggregation was measured in 29 ACS patients on dual (aspirin/clopidogrel) antiplatelet therapy. Nonresponders (NR) were defined as RPR ≥70% by ADP. Several inflammatory and redox parameters were assayed and platelet proteome was determined. Results. Eight (28%) out of 29 ACS patients resulted NR to clopidogrel. At 24 hours, the levels of Th2-type cytokines IL-4, IFNγ, and MCP-1 were higher in NR, while blood GSH (r-GSHbl) levels were lower in NR than responders (R). Proteomic analysis evidenced an upregulated level of platelet adhesion molecule, CD226, and a downregulation of the antioxidant peroxiredoxin-4. In R patients the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 decreased, while the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1Ra increased. Conclusions. In patients with high RPR on clopidogrel therapy, an unbalance of inflammatory factors, platelet adhesion molecules, and circulatory and platelet antioxidant molecules was observed during the acute phase. Proinflammatory milieu persists in nonresponders for a long time after the acute event while antioxidant blood factors tend to conform to normal responsiveness.
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Zhang D, Sun X, Liu J, Xie X, Cui W, Zhu Y. Homocysteine accelerates senescence of endothelial cells via DNA hypomethylation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:71-8. [PMID: 25359865 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Homocysteine can accelerate the senescence of endothelial progenitor cells or endothelial cells (ECs) via telomerase inactivation and length shortening. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we investigated whether homocysteine promotes endothelial senescence by reducing the expression and activity of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) by DNA methylation to reduce ECs telomerase activity. APPROACH AND RESULTS When compared with primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells grown under standard conditions, ECs with chronic homocysteine treatment showed accelerated upregulation of p16, p21, and p53, markers of cellular senescence, during 6 to 10 passages. Interestingly, homocysteine-stimulated but not angiotensin II-stimulated ECs senescence could be reversed by hypermethylation induced by folic acid or s-adenosylmethionine supplementation. Meanwhile, homocysteine promoted the shortening of telomere length specifically related to restoration of hTERT transcriptional expression and CCCTC-binding factor binding sites with hTERT promoter hypomethylation, as detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, and bisulfite sequencing assay. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation results showed that homocysteine-reduced telomere activity and homocysteine-induced EC senescence might contribute to hTERT promoter demethylation by increasing CCCTC-binding factor repression and interfering in the SP1 binding to the demethylated hTERT promoter, which might relate with reduced of DNA methyltransferase 1. Furthermore, the CCCTC-binding factor-dependent mechanism of homocysteine-reduced hTERT expression via DNA demethylation was confirmed in aortic endothelia of mice with hyperhomocysteine levels. CONCLUSIONS CCCTC-binding factor and SP1 cross talk may contribute to homocysteine-reduced hTERT DNA methylation and expression in endothelial senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghong Zhang
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China (D.Z., W.C.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China (D.Z., J.L., X.X.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China (D.Z., W.C.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China (D.Z., J.L., X.X.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Jianlan Liu
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China (D.Z., W.C.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China (D.Z., J.L., X.X.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Xina Xie
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China (D.Z., W.C.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China (D.Z., J.L., X.X.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Wei Cui
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China (D.Z., W.C.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China (D.Z., J.L., X.X.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Y.Z.).
| | - Yi Zhu
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China (D.Z., W.C.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China (D.Z., J.L., X.X.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Y.Z.).
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Zhu XY, Hou RY, Pan XD, Wang YC, Zhang ZS, Guo RY. Association between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T polymorphism and ischemic stroke in the Chinese population: a meta-analysis. Int J Neurosci 2014; 125:885-94. [PMID: 25375269 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2014.984295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The association between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T polymorphism and ischemic stroke (IS) has been extensively studied; however, the results from genetic association studies have been inconsistent even in the Chinese population. As far as we know, there was no previous meta-analysis concerning this association in the Chinese population. Therefore, the aim of our meta-analysis was to further evaluate the association in the Chinese population. METHODS We collected all of the relevant studies from Pubmed, OVID, Embase, Chinese Wan Fang database, CNKI, Chongqing VIP database and CBM up to August 2014. The available data was analyzed by Stata (version 12.0). We used odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to present the strength of the association. Heterogeneity was evaluated by the Q-test and I(2) statistic. Different genetic models, subgroup analysis, publication bias and sensitivity analysis were used to improve the comprehensive understanding. RESULTS The results showed a significant association between the MTHFR gene C677T polymorphism and IS in six genetic models (additive model: OR = 1.34, 95%CI: 1.17 ∼ 1.54, p < 0.001; dominant model: OR = 1.44, 95% CI:1.26 ∼ 1.64, p < 0.001; recessive model: OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.15 ∼ 1.83, p = 0.001; heterozygote model: OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.18 ∼ 1.55, p < 0.001; homozygote model: OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.34 ∼ 2.41, p < 0.001; and allelic model: OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.17 ∼ 1.53, p < 0.001) based on the overall population, as well as subgroup analysis. In addition, the similar results were obtained in the sensitivity analysis based on studies with the high quality. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis presented a significant association between the MTHFR gene C677T polymorphism and IS, the T allele might be a risk factor for IS in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Zhu
- a Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hiser Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
| | - Rong-Yao Hou
- b Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hiser Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
| | - Xu-Dong Pan
- c Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
| | - Yu-Chun Wang
- a Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hiser Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
| | - Zheng-Shou Zhang
- a Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hiser Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
| | - Rui-You Guo
- b Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hiser Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
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23
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Ramseyer VD, Gonzalez-Vicente A, Carretero OA, Garvin JL. Angiotensin II-induced hypertension blunts thick ascending limb NO production by reducing NO synthase 3 expression and enhancing threonine 495 phosphorylation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 308:F149-56. [PMID: 25377910 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00279.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thick ascending limbs reabsorb 30% of the filtered NaCl load. Nitric oxide (NO) produced by NO synthase 3 (NOS3) inhibits NaCl transport by this segment. In contrast, chronic angiotensin II (ANG II) infusion increases net thick ascending limb transport. NOS3 activity is regulated by changes in expression and phosphorylation at threonine 495 (T495) and serine 1177 (S1177), inhibitory and stimulatory sites, respectively. We hypothesized that NO production by thick ascending limbs is impaired by chronic ANG II infusion, due to reduced NOS3 expression, increased phosphorylation of T495, and decreased phosphorylation of S1177. Rats were infused with 200 ng·kg(-1)·min(-1) ANG II or vehicle for 1 and 5 days. ANG II infusion for 5 days decreased NOS3 expression by 40 ± 12% (P < 0.007; n = 6) and increased T495 phosphorylation by 147 ± 26% (P < 0.008; n = 6). One-day ANG II infusion had no significant effect. NO production in response to endothelin-1 was blunted in thick ascending limbs from ANG II-infused animals [ANG II -0.01 ± 0.06 arbitrary fluorescence units (AFU)/min vs. 0.17 ± 0.02 AFU/min in controls; P < 0.01]. This was not due to reduced endothelin-1 receptor expression. Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3)-induced NO production was also reduced in ANG II-infused rats (ANG II -0.07 ± 0.06 vs. 0.13 ± 0.04 AFU/min in controls; P < 0.03), and this correlated with an impaired ability of PIP3 to increase S1177 phosphorylation. We conclude that in ANG II-induced hypertension NO production by thick ascending limbs is impaired due to decreased NOS3 expression and altered phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa D Ramseyer
- Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan; Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Agustin Gonzalez-Vicente
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; and Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar A Carretero
- Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jeffrey L Garvin
- Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; and
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Zhang H, Chen X, Liu L, Fan L, Cao J, Li X, Hu G, Hu Y, Zhu B, Liu X, Gao Y, Ma C, Leng W. High prevalence of aspirin resistance in elderly patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and hyperhomocysteinaemia. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2014; 59:491-5. [PMID: 24880196 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although aspirin resistance is well reported in CVD, little is known about aspirin response in elderly patients with hyperhomocysteinaemia. The aim of the present study was to explore the prevalence of aspirin resistance in elderly patients with CVD and hyperhomocysteinaemia. A total of 370 elderly patients with CVD were recruited. The study included 216 patients with hyperhomocysteinaemia and 154 patients with normohomocysteinaemia receiving daily aspirin therapy (≥ 75 mg) over 1 month. The effect of aspirin was assessed using by light transmission aggregometry (LTA). Aspirin resistance was defined as ≥ 20% arachidonic acid induced aggregation according to LTA. Aspirin resistance was defined in 48 (13.0%) of 370 patients. The prevalence of aspirin resistance was higher in hyperhomocysteinaemic patients than normohomocysteinaemic patients (16.7% vs. 7.8%, odds ratio (OR)=2.367; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.188-4.715, p=0.012). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, hyperhomocysteinaemia (OR=2.406, 95% CI=1.201-4.820, p=0.013) was a significant risk factor for aspirin resistance. A significant number of CVD patients with hyperhomocysteinemia are resistant to aspirin therapy. Hyperhomocysteinemia is a significant risk factor for aspirin resistance in elderly patients with CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory of South Building, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuying Chen
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital of Chinese Peoples Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100039, PR China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Respiratory Disease of South Building, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Fan
- First Geriatric Cardiology Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Jian Cao
- First Geriatric Cardiology Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoli Li
- First Geriatric Cardiology Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- First Geriatric Cardiology Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yixin Hu
- First Geriatric Cardiology Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bingpo Zhu
- First Geriatric Cardiology Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xianfeng Liu
- First Geriatric Cardiology Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Gao
- First Geriatric Cardiology Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Ma
- First Geriatric Cardiology Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxiu Leng
- Second Geriatric Cardiology Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Zhang D, Wen X, Wu W, Xu E, Zhang Y, Cui W. Homocysteine-related hTERT DNA demethylation contributes to shortened leukocyte telomere length in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2013; 231:173-9. [PMID: 24125430 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is shortened in patients with clinical atherosclerosis (AS). Here we aimed to explore the contribution of elevated homocysteine (Hcy) level to LTL shortening in AS patients and the underlying mechanism. METHODS Circulating leukocytes were collected from 197 patients with AS and 165 sex- and age-matched healthy subjects for LTL determination. mRNA expression or DNA methylation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) was determined by real-time PCR and methylation-specific PCR assay, respectively. We established a hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) mice model to confirm human results. RESULTS Hcy was negatively correlated with LTL shortening in AS patients (r = -0.179, p = 0.015) and controls (r = -0.146, p = 0.031). Serum folate and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels significantly interacted with Hcy in LTL shortening. Hcy was related to hTERT mRNA downregulation and promoter demethylation, which combined was associated with LTL shortening in AS patients. Hcy-induced LTL shortening did not differ by sites of AS lesions or infarction. Similar to clinical observations, our HHcy mice model suggested that Hcy induced DNA demethylation and downregulation of mouse TERT and further contributed to LTL shortening. CONCLUSIONS Elevated Hcy level induced DNA demethylation of hTERT and was closely related with hTERT downregulation, which led to LTL shortening in AS. These findings provide novel insights into an epigenetic mechanism for Hcy-related AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing 100730, China
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Sarecka-Hujar B, Kopyta I, Pienczk-Reclawowicz K, Reclawowicz D, Emich-Widera E, Pilarska E. The TT genotype of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677C>T polymorphism increases the susceptibility to pediatric ischemic stroke: meta-analysis of the 822 cases and 1,552 controls. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:7957-63. [PMID: 22555977 PMCID: PMC3383954 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1641-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The 677C>T polymorphism within methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene is related to an elevated level of homocysteine. Thus it may be considered as a genetic risk factor in ischemic stroke. Apparently studies of this type of polymorphism in childhood stroke have shown conflicting results. We performed meta-analysis of all the data that are available in relation with MTHFR polymorphism and the risk of ischemic stroke in children. We searched PubMed (last search dated December 2010) using "MTHFR polymorphism", "ischemic stroke" "child", "children", "pediatric stroke" as keywords and reference lists of studies and reviews on the topic. Finally, 15 case-control studies corresponded to the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. These studies involved the total number of 822 children and adolescents after ischemic stroke and 1,552 control subjects. Fixed or random effects models were used depending on the heterogeneity between the studies. The association between ischemic stroke and 677C>T polymorphism within MTHFR gene was observed in three of the studies. The pooled analysis showed that TT genotype of MTHFR gene is more common in stroke patients than in controls (p = 0.0402, odds ratio = 1.57, 95 % confidence interval 1.02-2.41). The Egger's test did not reveal presence of a publication bias. The results based on a sizeable group of cases and controls have proved that the 677C>T polymorphism in MTHFR gene is associated with the development of ischemic stroke in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Sarecka-Hujar
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa Str 3, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
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Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 mediates phosphorylation of vascular endothelial cadherin and nuclear localization of β-catenin in response to homocysteine. Vascul Pharmacol 2012; 56:159-67. [PMID: 22285407 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 12/31/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) is an independent risk factor for vascular disease and stroke in part by causing generalized endothelial dysfunction. A receptor that is sensitive to Hcy and its intracellular signaling systems has not been identified. β-catenin is a pleiotropic regulator of transcription and cell function. Using a brain microvascular endothelial cell line (bEnd.3), we tested the hypothesis that Hcy causes receptor-dependent nuclear translocation of β-catenin. Hcy increased phosphorylation of Y731 on vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin), a site involved in coupling β-catenin to VE-cadherin. This was blocked by inhibition of either metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) or ionotropic glutamate receptor (NMDAr) and by shRNA knockdown of mGluR5. Expression of these receptors was confirmed by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting. Directed pharmacology with specific agonists elucidated a signaling cascade where Hcy activates mGluR5 which activates NMDAr with subsequent PKC activation and uncoupling of the VE-cadherin/β-catenin complex. Moreover, Hcy caused a shift in localization of β-catenin from membrane-bound VE-cadherin to the cell nucleus, where it bound DNA, including a regulatory region of the gene for claudin-5, leading to reduced expression of claudin-5. Nuclear localization, DNA binding of β-catenin, and reduced claudin-5 expression were blocked by inhibition of mGluR5. Knockdown of mGluR5 expression with shRNA also rescued claudin-5 expression from the effects of Hcy treatment. These data uniquely identify mGluR5 as a master switch that drives β-catenin nuclear localization in vascular endothelium and regulates cell-cell coupling in response to elevated Hcy levels. These studies dissect a pharmacological opportunity for developing new therapeutic strategies in HHcy.
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Alsayouf H, Zamel KM, Heyer GL, Khuhro AL, Kahwash SB, de los Reyes EC. Role of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) 677C>T polymorphism in pediatric cerebrovascular disorders. J Child Neurol 2011; 26:318-21. [PMID: 21270470 DOI: 10.1177/0883073810381446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Homozygosity for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C>T mutation (MTHFR TT) has been linked to an increased risk for stroke, coronary artery disease, and migraine headaches. The authors analyzed the potential link between MTHFR 677C>T homozygosity and childhood stroke. A true association might facilitate screening, recurrence risk stratification, and treatment in patients with cerebrovascular disease. They performed a retrospective chart review of children tested for the MTHFR 677C>/T mutation; 533 patients underwent MTHFR testing, and 8% were homozygous for the MTHFR 677C>T mutation. There was no difference in the cohort compared with the prevalence in the general population. This suggests that the MTHFR 677 C>T polymorphism played a minimal role or no role in stroke risk. However, the data suggest that the MTHFR TT genotype may influence migraine susceptibility in children because there was a higher proportion of migraine patients (28.6%) with the MTHFR TT homozygous genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Alsayouf
- Division of Child Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Nationwide Children's Hospital, OH 43205, USA
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He L, Zeng H, Li F, Feng J, Liu S, Liu J, Yu J, Mao J, Hong T, Chen AF, Wang X, Wang G. Homocysteine impairs coronary artery endothelial function by inhibiting tetrahydrobiopterin in patients with hyperhomocysteinemia. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2010; 299:E1061-5. [PMID: 20858749 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00367.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) has been associated with impaired vascular endothelial function. Our previous study demonstrated significantly higher secretion of the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 from monocytes in response to lipopolysaccharide in patients with HHcy. In the present study, we investigated whether coronary endothelial function was damaged in patients with chronic HHcy (plasma level of homocysteine >15 μmol/l) and, if so, whether this impaired endothelial function is induced by the uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). When tetrahydrobiopterin levels are inadequate, eNOS is no longer coupled to l-arginine oxidation, which results in reactive oxygen species rather than nitric oxide production, thereby inducing vascular endothelial dysfunction. The 71 participants were divided into two groups, control (n = 50) and HHcy (n = 21). Quantification of coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) was after rest and after adenosine administration done by noninvasive Doppler echocardiography. Plasma levels of nitric oxide and tetrahydrobiopterin were significantly lower in patients with HHcy than in controls (99.54 ± 32.23 vs. 119.50 ± 37.68 μmol/l and 1.43 ± 0.46 vs. 1.73 ± 0.56 pmol/ml, all P < 0.05). Furthermore, CFVR was significantly lower in the HHcy than the control group (2.76 ± 0.49 vs. 3.09 ± 0.52, P < 0.05). In addition, plasma level of homocysteine was negatively correlated with CFVR. Chronic HHcy may contribute to coronary artery disease by inducing dysfunction of the coronary artery endothelium. The uncoupling of eNOS induced by HHcy in patients with chronic HHcy may explain this adverse effect in part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun He
- Dept. of Endocrinology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
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Effects of Selaginellin on Homocysteine-Induced Senescence in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2010; 55:560-6. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3181d9f478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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31
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Pooya S, Jalali MD, Jazayery AD, Saedisomeolia A, Eshraghian MR, Toorang F. The efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on plasma homocysteine and malondialdehyde levels of type 2 diabetic patients. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2010; 20:326-331. [PMID: 19540739 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Revised: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of mortality among diabetic patients. The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and homocysteine is believed to play a role in cardiovascular diseases. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation could be effective in some diabetes complications and in the control of the glycemic index. However, it may increase lipid peroxidation. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of omega-3 fatty acids on the concentration of homocysteine and MDA in diabetic patients. METHODS AND RESULTS A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 81 patients with type 2 diabetes. The patients were randomly assigned to either the treatment or control groups. Each subject received three capsules of omega-3 fatty acids or a placebo every day for a period of 2months. The two groups were similar in terms of body mass index and food intake. At the beginning of the study and after 2months of supplementation their levels of HbA(1)c, homocysteine, MDA, C-reactive protein (CRP), total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and fasting blood sugar (FBS) were determined. Due to omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, homocysteine was changed significantly in both treatment and control groups up to -3.10mumol/L and 0.10mumol/L respectively, and HbA(1)c decreased by 0.75% in the treatment group and increased by 0.26% in the control group. However, the changes in fasting blood sugar (FBS), malondialdehyde (MDA), C-reactive protein (CRP), total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were not significant. CONCLUSION The consumption of omega-3 fatty acid supplements (3g/day) for 2months decreases the levels of homocysteine in diabetic patients with no change in FBS, MDA and CRP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sh Pooya
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Signorello MG, Segantin A, Leoncini G. The arachidonic acid effect on platelet nitric oxide level. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2009; 1791:1084-92. [PMID: 19615463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2009] [Revised: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid can act as a second messenger regulating many cellular processes among which is nitric oxide (NO) formation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the arachidonic acid effect on platelet NO level. Thus NO, cGMP and superoxide anion level, the phosphorylation status of nitric oxide synthase, the protein kinase C (PKC), and NADPH oxidase activation were measured. Arachidonic acid dose-dependently reduced NO and cGMP level. The thromboxane A(2) mimetic U46619 behaved in a similar way. The arachidonic acid or U46619 effect on NO concentration was abolished by the inhibitor of the thromboxane A(2) receptor SQ29548 and partially reversed by the PKC inhibitor GF109203X or by the phospholipase C pathway inhibitor U73122. Moreover, it was shown that arachidonic acid activated PKC and decreased nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activities. The phosphorylation of the inhibiting eNOSthr495 residue mediated by PKC was increased by arachidonic acid, while no changes at the activating ser1177 residue were shown. Finally, arachidonic acid induced NADPH oxidase activation and superoxide anion formation. These effects were greatly reduced by GF109203X, U73122, and apocynin. Likely arachidonic acid reducing NO bioavailability through all these mechanisms could potentiate its platelet aggregating power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Signorello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biochemistry Section, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genova, Italy
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Artifoni L, Benetti E, Centi S, Negrisolo S, Ghiggeri GM, Ginevri F, Ghio L, Edefonti A, Brambilla C, Cagni N, Murer L. The impact of eNOS, MTR and MTHFR polymorphisms on renal graft survival in children and young adults. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 24:2931-7. [PMID: 19349296 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfp161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main cause of reduced long-term graft survival is chronic allograft injury. Cardiovascular risk factors such as hyperhomocysteinaemia, accumulation of asymmetric dimethylarginine, increased oxidative stress and decreased production of nitric oxide seem to play an important role. Functional polymorphisms of the endothelial isoform of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) gene cause an alteration in nitric oxide production. Nitric oxide levels, and thus oxidative stress, are also influenced by hyperhomocysteinaemia. METHODS We carried out a genetic analysis of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) 894G>T, methionine synthase (MTR) 2756A>G and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C>T/1298A>C in 268 renal allograft recipient/donor (D/R) matches, with respect to long-term graft survival. RESULTS While MTHFR 677C>T/1298A>G and MTR 2756A>G polymorphism distribution in both recipients (R) and donors (D) showed no significant difference between matches with loss of graft function and those with long-term graft survival, the frequency of the eNOS 894TT genotype of donors was significantly increased (P = 0.040) in matches with better graft survival. The multivariate analysis identified the eNOS 894 genotype and clinically acute rejection episodes as independent risk factors for graft loss (P = 0.0406 and P = 0.0093, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The association between eNOS 894G>T polymorphism of donors and graft survival seems to suggest a role for this gene in chronic allograft injury; however, further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Artifoni
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Padua, Italy.
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