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Muskat JC, Babbs CF, Goergen CJ, Rayz VL. Transport of nitrite from large arteries modulates regional blood flow during stress and exercise. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1146717. [PMID: 37378407 PMCID: PMC10291090 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1146717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute cardiovascular stress increases systemic wall shear stress (WSS)-a frictional force exerted by the flow of blood on vessel walls-which raises plasma nitrite concentration due to enhanced endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity. Upstream eNOS inhibition modulates distal perfusion, and autonomic stress increases both the consumption and vasodilatory effects of endogenous nitrite. Plasma nitrite maintains vascular homeostasis during exercise and disruption of nitrite bioavailability can lead to intermittent claudication. Hypothesis During acute cardiovascular stress or strenuous exercise, we hypothesize enhanced production of nitric oxide (NO) by vascular endothelial cells raises nitrite concentrations in near-wall layers of flowing blood, resulting in cumulative NO concentrations in downstream arterioles sufficient for vasodilation. Confirmation and implications Utilizing a multiscale model of nitrite transport in bifurcating arteries, we tested the hypothesis for femoral artery flow under resting and exercised states of cardiovascular stress. Results indicate intravascular transport of nitrite from upstream endothelium could result in vasodilator-active levels of nitrite in downstream resistance vessels. The hypothesis could be confirmed utilizing artery-on-a-chip technology to measure NO production rates directly and help validate numerical model predictions. Further characterization of this mechanism may improve our understanding of symptomatic peripheral artery occlusive disease and exercise physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. C. Muskat
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - C. F. Babbs
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - C. J. Goergen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - V. L. Rayz
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Abstract
This overview presents the recent progress in our understanding of gas transfer by the lungs during the respiratory cycle and during breath holding. Different phenomena intervene in gas transfer, convection and diffusion in the gas, dissolution, diffusion across the alveolar-capillary membrane, diffusion across blood plasma, and finally diffusion and reaction with hemoglobin inside blood cells. The different gases, O2 , CO, and NO, have very different reaction times with hemoglobin ranging from a few microseconds to tens of milliseconds. This is leading to different outcomes. For O2 , the solutions to the coupled nonlinear gas and blood equations are obtained at the acinus level. They include the fact that the acinar internal ventilation is strongly heterogeneous due to the arborescent structure. Also, in the dynamic calculation, one takes care of the delay between the start of inhalation and arrival of fresh air in the acinus. This "dead" time is the dynamic equivalent of the dead space ventilation. The question of the dependence of Vo2 on ventilation and perfusion takes a different form. The results show that Vo2 is not only a function of the ventilation/perfusion ratio but also depends on the variables: acinar ventilation VEac and perfusion Qac . The ratio VEac /Qac roughly determines arterial O2 saturation and arterial and alveolar O2 partial pressure. The classic Roughton-Forster interpretation of DLCO (separation between independent membrane and blood resistance) was a mathematical conjecture. It was shown recently that this conjecture was violated. This article presents an alternative interpretation that uses time concepts instead of resistance. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1289-1314, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Sapoval
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
| | - Min-Yeong Kang
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
| | - Anh Tuan Dinh-Xuan
- Service de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Yamaguchi K, Tsuji T, Aoshiba K, Nakamura H, Abe S. What are appropriate values of relative krogh diffusion Constant of NO against CO and of theta-NO in alveolar septa? Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2020; 276:103415. [PMID: 32068129 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To propose new physical constants for NO and CO (Krogh diffusion constant ratio (KDNO/CO) and specific blood conductance for NO (θNO)) for calculating DMCO and Vc, according to Roughton-Forster's equation (Roughton and Forster, J. Appl. Physiol. 11: 290-302, 1957) from simultaneous DLNO and DLCO measurements. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS (1) The Graham's law is unacceptable for determining KDNO/CO because CO does not fulfil all the conditions of an "ideal" gas. We have re-estimated KDNO/CO in a new way based on difference in molar volumes of two gases (molar volume theory). The KDNO/CO thus decided is 2.34. (2) θNO measured with rapid-reaction, constant-flow method by Carlsen and Comroe (J. Gen. Physiol. 42: 83-107, 1958) may be underestimated by about 40 % due to unstirred water layer surrounding the erythrocyte. (3) Erythrocyte θO2 can be harvested from O2 release kinetics in presence of high concentration of dithionite, which effectively removes the unstirred water layer-elicited effect. Multiplication of erythrocyte θO2 by erythrocyte KDNO/O2 equals erythrocyte θNO, the value of which is 6.2 mL/min/mmHg/(mL⋅blood). According to the concepts of Kang et al. (RESPNB. 241: 62-71, 2017) and Borland et al. (RESPNB. 241: 58-61, 2017), in vitro θNO decided from rapid-mixing experiments may mirror bulk absorption of NO by erythrocytes. (4) In pulmonary capillaries, NO uptake takes place predominantly in the surface rim of the erythrocyte. This surface absorption of NO increases the θNO 10-fold versus bulk absorption of NO to about 60 mL/min/mmHg/(mL⋅blood).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
| | - Takao Tsuji
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
| | - Kazutetsu Aoshiba
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan.
| | - Shinji Abe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
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Kapralov AA, Yang Q, Dar HH, Tyurina YY, Anthonymuthu TS, Kim R, St Croix CM, Mikulska-Ruminska K, Liu B, Shrivastava IH, Tyurin VA, Ting HC, Wu YL, Gao Y, Shurin GV, Artyukhova MA, Ponomareva LA, Timashev PS, Domingues RM, Stoyanovsky DA, Greenberger JS, Mallampalli RK, Bahar I, Gabrilovich DI, Bayır H, Kagan VE. Redox lipid reprogramming commands susceptibility of macrophages and microglia to ferroptotic death. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:278-290. [PMID: 32080625 PMCID: PMC7233108 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0462-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptotic death is the penalty for losing control over three processes-iron metabolism, lipid peroxidation and thiol regulation-that are common in the pro-inflammatory environment where professional phagocytes fulfill their functions and yet survive. We hypothesized that redox reprogramming of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) during the generation of pro-ferroptotic signal 15-hydroperoxy-eicosa-tetra-enoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (15-HpETE-PE) modulates ferroptotic endurance. Here, we have discovered that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)/NO•-enrichment of activated M1 (but not alternatively activated M2) macrophages/microglia modulates susceptibility to ferroptosis. Genetic or pharmacologic depletion/inactivation of iNOS confers sensitivity on M1 cells, whereas NO• donors empower resistance of M2 cells to ferroptosis. In vivo, M1 phagocytes, in comparison to M2 phagocytes, exert higher resistance to pharmacologically induced ferroptosis. This resistance is diminished in iNOS-deficient cells in the pro-inflammatory conditions of brain trauma or the tumour microenvironment. The nitroxygenation of eicosatetraenoyl (ETE)-PE intermediates and oxidatively truncated species by NO• donors and/or suppression of NO• production by iNOS inhibitors represent a novel redox mechanism of regulation of ferroptosis in pro-inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr A Kapralov
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Children's Neuroscience Institute, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Haider H Dar
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tamil S Anthonymuthu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Children's Neuroscience Institute, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rina Kim
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claudette M St Croix
- Department of Cell Biology, Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Karolina Mikulska-Ruminska
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Indira H Shrivastava
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hsiu-Chi Ting
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yijen L Wu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Rangos Research Center of Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Children's Neuroscience Institute, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Galina V Shurin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Margarita A Artyukhova
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Liubov A Ponomareva
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter S Timashev
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Rosario M Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Center, QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry and CESAM&ECOMARE, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Detcho A Stoyanovsky
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joel S Greenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rama K Mallampalli
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Hülya Bayır
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Children's Neuroscience Institute, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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D R Borland C, B Hughes JM. Lung Diffusing Capacities (D L ) for Nitric Oxide (NO) and Carbon Monoxide (CO): The Evolving Story. Compr Physiol 2019; 10:73-97. [PMID: 31853952 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide and carbon monoxide diffusing capacities (DLNO and DLCO ) obey Fick's First Law of Diffusion and the basic principles of chemical kinetic theory. NO gas transfer is dominated by membrane diffusion (DM ), whereas CO transfer is limited by diffusion plus chemical reaction within the red cell. Marie Krogh, who pioneered the single-breath measurement of DLCO in 1915, believed that the combination of CO with red cell hemoglobin (Hb) was instantaneous. Roughton and colleagues subsequently showed, in vitro, that the reaction rate was finite, and prolonged in the presence of high P O 2 . Roughton and Forster (R-F) proposed that the resistance to transfer (1/DL ) was the sum of the membrane resistance (1/DM ) and (1/θVc), the red cell resistance (θ being the CO or NO conductance for blood uptake and Vc the capillary volume). From this R-F equation, DM for CO and Vc can be solved with simultaneous NO and CO inhalation. At near maximum exercise, DMCO and Vc for normal subjects were 88% and 79%, respectively, of morphometric values. The validity of these calculations depends on the values chosen for θ for CO and NO, and on the diffusivity of NO versus CO. Recent mathematical modeling suggests that θ for NO is "effectively" infinite because NO reacts only with Hb in the outer 0.1 μM of the red cell. An "infinite θNO " recalculation reduced DMCO to 53% and increased Vc to 95% of morphometric values. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:73-97, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Mike B Hughes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
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A Perspective: Active Role of Lipids in Neurotransmitter Dynamics. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:910-925. [PMID: 31595461 PMCID: PMC7031182 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01775-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic neurotransmission is generally considered as a function of membrane-embedded receptors and ion channels in response to the neurotransmitter (NT) release and binding. This perspective aims to widen the protein-centric view by including another vital component—the synaptic membrane—in the discussion. A vast set of atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and biophysical experiments indicate that NTs are divided into membrane-binding and membrane-nonbinding categories. The binary choice takes place at the water-membrane interface and follows closely the positioning of the receptors’ binding sites in relation to the membrane. Accordingly, when a lipophilic NT is on route to a membrane-buried binding site, it adheres on the membrane and, then, travels along its plane towards the receptor. In contrast, lipophobic NTs, which are destined to bind into receptors with extracellular binding sites, prefer the water phase. This membrane-based sorting splits the neurotransmission into membrane-independent and membrane-dependent mechanisms and should make the NT binding into the receptors more efficient than random diffusion would allow. The potential implications and notable exceptions to the mechanisms are discussed here. Importantly, maintaining specific membrane lipid compositions (MLCs) at the synapses, especially regarding anionic lipids, affect the level of NT-membrane association. These effects provide a plausible link between the MLC imbalances and neurological diseases such as depression or Parkinson’s disease. Moreover, the membrane plays a vital role in other phases of the NT life cycle, including storage and release from the synaptic vesicles, transport from the synaptic cleft, as well as their synthesis and degradation.
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