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Yang X, Qian M, Wang Y, Qin Z, Luo M, Chen G, Yi C, Ma Y, Liu X, Liu Z. Thiol-Based Modification of MarR Protein VnrR Regulates Resistance Toward Nitrofuran in Vibrio cholerae By Promoting the Expression of a Novel Nitroreductase VnrA and of NO-Detoxifying Enzyme HmpA. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:926-942. [PMID: 37742113 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Epidemiological investigations have indicated low resistance toward nitrofuran in clinical isolates, suggesting its potential application in the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Therefore, it is valuable to explore the mechanism of bacterial resistance to nitrofuran. Results: Through phenotypic screening of ten multiple antibiotic resistance regulator (MarR) proteins in Vibrio cholerae, we discovered that the regulator VnrR (VCA1058) plays a crucial role in defending against nitrofuran, specifically furazolidone (FZ). Our findings demonstrate that VnrR responds to FZ metabolites, such as hydroxylamine, methylglyoxal, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), β-hydroxyethylhydrazine. Notably, VnrR exhibits reversible responses to the addition of H2O2 through three cysteine residues (Cys180, Cys223, Cys247), leading to the derepression of its upstream gene, vnrA (vca1057). Gene vnrA encodes a novel nitroreductase, which directly contributes to the degradation of FZ. Our study reveals that V. cholerae metabolizes FZ via the vnrR-vnrA system and achieves resistance to FZ with the assistance of the classical reactive oxygen/nitrogen species scavenging pathway. Innovation and Conclusion: This study represents a significant advancement in understanding the antibiotic resistance mechanisms of V. cholerae and other pathogens. Our findings demonstrate that the MarR family regulator, VnrR, responds to the FZ metabolite H2O2, facilitating the degradation and detoxification of this antibiotic in a thiol-dependent manner. These insights not only enrich our knowledge of antibiotic resistance but also provide new perspectives for the control and prevention of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingjie Qian
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zixin Qin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei Luo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guozhong Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunrong Yi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Ma
- Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Human Microecology and Healthcare R&D Centre, High-tech Industrial Park, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Patra SK, Douglas J, Wills PR, Bouckeart R, Betts L, Qing TG, Carter CW. Genomic database furnishes a spontaneous example of a functional Class II glycyl-tRNA synthetase urzyme. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.11.575260. [PMID: 38260702 PMCID: PMC10802616 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.11.575260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The chief barrier to studies of how genetic coding emerged is the lack of experimental models for ancestral aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARS). We hypothesized that conserved core catalytic sites could represent such ancestors. That hypothesis enabled engineering functional "urzymes" from TrpRS, LeuRS, and HisRS. We describe here a fourth urzyme, GlyCA, detected in an open reading frame from the genomic record of the arctic fox, Vulpes lagopus. GlyCA is homologous to a bacterial heterotetrameric Class II GlyRS-B. Alphafold2 predicted that the N-terminal 81 amino acids would adopt a 3D structure nearly identical to the HisRS urzyme (HisCA1). We expressed and purified that N-terminal segment. Enzymatic characterization revealed a robust single-turnover burst size and a catalytic rate for ATP consumption well in excess of that previously published for HisCA1. Time-dependent aminoacylation of tRNAGly proceeds at a rate consistent with that observed for amino acid activation. In fact, GlyCA is actually 35 times more active in glycine activation by ATP than the full-length GlyRS-B α-subunit dimer. ATP-dependent activation of the 20 canonical amino acids favors Class II amino acids that complement those favored by HisCA and LeuAC. These properties reinforce the notion that urzymes represent the requisite ancestral catalytic activities to implement a reduced genetic coding alphabet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Kumar Patra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7260
| | - Jordan Douglas
- Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Computational Evolution, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter R. Wills
- Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Remco Bouckeart
- Centre for Computational Evolution, University of Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laurie Betts
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7260
| | | | - Charles W. Carter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7260
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Patra SK, Sinha N, Molla F, Sengupta A, Chakraborty S, Roy S, Ghosh S. In-vivo protein nitration facilitates Vibrio cholerae cell survival under anaerobic, nutrient deprived conditions. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 728:109358. [PMID: 35872323 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine nitration (PTN), a highly selective post translational modification, occurs in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells under nitrosative stress. However, its physiological function is not yet clear. Like many gut pathogens, Vibrio cholerae also faces nitrosative stress, which makes proteome more vulnerable to PTN. Here, we report for the first time in-vivo PTN in V. cholerae by immunoblotting and LC-ESI-MS/MS proteomic analysis. Our results indicated that in-vivo PTN in V. cholerae was culture media independent. Surprisingly, in-vivo PTN was reduced in V. cholerae proteome under anaerobic or hypoxic condition in a nutrient deprived state. Interestingly, intracellular nitrate content was more than the nitrite content in V. cholerae under anaerobic conditions. Additionally, biochemical measurement of GSH/GSSG ratio, activities of catalase and SOD, ROS and RNS imaging by confocal microscopy confirmed a relative intracellular oxidizing environment in V. cholerae under anaerobic conditions. This altered redox environment favors the oxidation of nitrite which may be generated from protein denitration enriching the intracellular nitrate pool. The cell survival of V. cholerae can finally be facilitated by nitrate reductase (NapA) utilizing that nitrate pool. Our cell viability study using wild type and ΔnapA strain of V. cholerae also supported the role of NapA mediated cell survival under nutrient deprived anaerobic conditions. In spite of having nitrate reductase (NapA), V. cholerae lacks any nitrite reductase (NiR). Hence, in-vivo nitration may provide an avenue for toxic nitrite storage and also may help in nitrosative stress tolerance mechanism preventing further unnecessary protein nitration in V. cholerae proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Kumar Patra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Nilanjan Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Firoz Molla
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Ayantika Sengupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhamoy Chakraborty
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Souvik Roy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanjay Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India.
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Sengupta S, Nath R, Bhuyan R, Bhattacharjee A. Variation in glucose metabolism under acidified sodium nitrite mediated nitrosative stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:1660-1675. [PMID: 35702895 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The work aimed to understand the important changes during glucose metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under acidified sodium nitrite (ac.NaNO2 ) mediated nitrosative stress. METHODS AND RESULTS Confocal microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis were performed to investigate the generation of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species, and redox homeostasis under nitrosative stress was also characterized. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the expression of ADH genes was upregulated under such condition, whereas the ACO2 gene was downregulated. Some of the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle were partially inhibited, whereas malate metabolism and alcoholic fermentation were increased under nitrosative stress. Kinetics of ethanol production was also characterized. A network analysis was conducted to validate our findings. In the presence of ac.NaNO2 , in vitro protein tyrosine nitration formation was checked by western blotting using pure alcohol dehydrogenase and aconitase. CONCLUSIONS Alcoholic fermentation rate was increased under stress condition and this altered metabolism might be conjoined with the defence machinery to overcome the nitrosative stress. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first work of this kind where the role of metabolism under nitrosative stress has been characterized in S. cerevisiae and it will provide a base to develop an alternative method of industrial ethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnab Sengupta
- Department of Microbiology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Rohan Nath
- Department of Microbiology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajabrata Bhuyan
- Department of Bio-Science and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith (Deemed) University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Arindam Bhattacharjee
- Department of Microbiology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, West Bengal, India
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Sengupta S, Nath R, Bhattacharjee A. Characterizing the effect of S-nitrosoglutathione on Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Upregulation of alcohol dehydrogenase and inactivation of aconitase. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sinha N, Patra SK, Sarkar TS, Ghosh S. Secretome analysis identified extracellular superoxide dismutase and catalase of Macrophomina phaseolina. Arch Microbiol 2021; 204:62. [PMID: 34940926 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02631-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Macrophomina phaseolina, a necrotrophic fungal pathogen is known to cause charcoal rot disease in food crops, pulse crops, oil crops and cotton and fibre crops. Necrotrophic fungi survive on dead plant tissue. It is well known that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by the host plant during plant-pathogen interaction. However, it is still unclear how M. phaseolina can overcome the ROS-induced cellular damage. To mimic the invasion of M. phaseolina inside the plant cell wall, we developed solid substrate fermentation where M. phaseolina spore suspension was inoculated on a wheat bran bed and incubated for vegetative growth. To analyse the secretome of M. phaseolina after different day interval, its secretory material was collected and concentrated. Both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were detected in the secretome by zymogram. The presence of SOD and catalase was further confirmed by liquid chromatography based mass spectrometry. The physicochemical properties of M. phaseolina catalase in terms of stability towards pH, temperature, metal ions and chaotropic agent and inhibitors indicated its fitness at different environmental conditions. Apart from the production of catalase in SSF, the studies on this particular microorganism may also have significance in necrotrophic fungal pathogen and their susceptible host plant interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjan Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India
| | - Sourav Kumar Patra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India
| | - Tuhin Subhra Sarkar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India.,Sister Nibedita Government General Degree College for Girls, Hastings House, 20B, Judges Court Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700027, India
| | - Sanjay Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India.
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Antoine R, Rivera-Millot A, Roy G, Jacob-Dubuisson F. Relationships Between Copper-Related Proteomes and Lifestyles in β Proteobacteria. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2217. [PMID: 31608037 PMCID: PMC6769254 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper is an essential transition metal whose redox properties are used for a variety of enzymatic oxido-reductions and in electron transfer chains. It is also toxic to living beings, and therefore its cellular concentration must be strictly controlled. We have performed in silico analyses of the predicted proteomes of more than one hundred species of β proteobacteria to characterize their copper-related proteomes, including cuproproteins, i.e., proteins with active-site copper ions, copper chaperones, and copper-homeostasis systems. Copper-related proteomes represent between 0 and 1.48% of the total proteomes of β proteobacteria. The numbers of cuproproteins are globally proportional to the proteome sizes in all phylogenetic groups and strongly linked to aerobic respiration. In contrast, environmental bacteria have considerably larger proportions of copper-homeostasis systems than the other groups of bacteria, irrespective of their proteome sizes. Evolution toward commensalism, obligate, host-restricted pathogenesis or symbiosis is globally reflected in the loss of copper-homeostasis systems. In endosymbionts, defense systems and copper chaperones have disappeared, whereas residual cuproenzymes are electron transfer proteins for aerobic respiration. Lifestyle is thus a major determinant of the size and composition of the copper-related proteome, and it is particularly reflected in systems involved in copper homeostasis. Analyses of the copper-related proteomes of a number of species belonging to the Burkholderia, Bordetella, and Neisseria genera indicates that commensals are in the process of shedding their copper-homeostasis systems and chaperones to greater extents yet than pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Françoise Jacob-Dubuisson
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 8204 – Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
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