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Wen Y, Xie Y, Wang C, Hua L, Zhang L, Chen P, Li H. Determination of the two-compartment model parameters of exhaled HCN by fast negative photoionization mass spectrometry. Talanta 2024; 271:125710. [PMID: 38295448 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Breath exhaled hydrogen cyanide (HCN) has been identified to be associated with several respiratory diseases. Accurately distinguishing the concentration and release rate of different HCN sources is of great value in clinical research. However, there are still significant challenges due to the high adsorption and low concentration characteristics of exhaled HCN. In this study, a two-compartment kinetic model method based on negative photoionization mass spectrometry was developed to simultaneously determine the kinetic parameters including concentrations and release rates in the airways and alveoli. The influences of the sampling line diameter, length, and temperature on the response time of the sampling system were studied and optimized, achieving a response time of 0.2 s. The negative influence of oral cavity-released HCN was reduced by employing a strategy based on anatomical lung volume calculation. The calibration for HCN in the dynamic range of 0.5-100 ppbv and limit of detection (LOD) at 0.3 ppbv were achieved. Subsequently, the experiments of smoking, short-term passive smoking, and intake of bitter almonds were performed to examine the influences of endogenous and exogenous factors on the dynamic parameters of the model method. The results indicate that compared with steady-state concentration measurements, the kinetic parameters obtained using this model method can accurately and significantly reflect the changes in different HCN sources, highlighting its potential for HCN-related disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry Technology and Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China; Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry Technology and Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China; Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry Technology and Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China; Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Hua
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry Technology and Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China; Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lichuan Zhang
- Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry Technology and Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China; Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haiyang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry Technology and Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China; Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China.
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Kiaer E, Ravn A, Jennum P, Prætorius C, Welinder R, Ørntoft S, von Buchwald C, Backer V. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide-a possible biomarker for risk of obstructive sleep apnea in snorers. J Clin Sleep Med 2024; 20:85-92. [PMID: 37707290 PMCID: PMC10758563 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.10802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Airway inflammation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been described and can be assessed by measuring the biomarker fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). In this pilot study, we investigated FeNO measurements in identification of OSA among persons with snoring. METHODS In this study we aimed to investigate (1) if FeNO could be used in screening for OSA, (2) if daytime sleepiness correlated to FeNO levels, and (3) whether asthma affected FeNO levels. Persons with snoring were prospectively included in three primary care ear, nose, and throat clinics. Patients underwent spirometry, FeNO tests, and partial polygraphy. They filled out questionnaires on sinonasal and asthma symptoms, daytime sleepiness, and quality of life. Current smokers, patients with upper airway inflammatory conditions, and patients treated with steroids were excluded. RESULTS Forty-nine individuals were included. Median apnea-hypopnea index was 11.4, mean age was 50.9 years, and 29% were females. OSA was diagnosed in 73% of the patients of whom 53% had moderate-severe disease. Patients with moderate-severe OSA had significantly higher FeNO counts than patients with no or mild OSA (P = .024). Patients younger than 50 years with a FeNO below 15 had the lowest prevalence of moderate-severe OSA. No correlation was found between FeNO measurements and daytime sleepiness, and asthma did not affect FeNO levels. CONCLUSIONS We found a low prevalence of moderate-severe OSA in persons with snoring when FeNO and age were low. This might be considered in a future screening model, though further studies testing the FeNO cutoff level and the diagnostic accuracy are warranted. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov; Name: NO Measurements in Screening for Asthma and OSA, in Patients With Severe Snoring; URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03964324; Identifier: NCT03964324. CITATION Kiaer E, Ravn A, Jennum P, et al. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide-a possible biomarker for risk of obstructive sleep apnea in snorers. J Clin Sleep Med. 2024;20(1):85-92.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kiaer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and Audiology, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Ravn
- Frederiksberg Øre-næse-halsklinik (Frederiksberg Ear, Nose, and Throat Clinic), Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Poul Jennum
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Christian Prætorius
- Øre-næse-halsklinikken i Hørsholm (Hoersholm Ear, Nose, and Throat Clinic), Hoersholm, Denmark
| | - Roland Welinder
- Øre-næse-halsklinikken i Hørsholm (Hoersholm Ear, Nose, and Throat Clinic), Hoersholm, Denmark
| | - Steffen Ørntoft
- Øre næse hals klinikken ved Steffen Ørntoft (Ear, Nose, and Throat Clinic by Steffen Oerntoft), Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Christian von Buchwald
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and Audiology, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Backer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and Audiology, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
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Spector BM, Shusterman DJ, Zhao K. Nasal nitric oxide flux from the paranasal sinuses. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 23:22-28. [PMID: 36373691 PMCID: PMC10170969 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Upper airway nitric oxide (NO) is physiologically important in airway regulation and defense, and can be modulated by various airway inflammatory conditions, including allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis - with and without polyposis. Paranasal sinuses serve as a NO 'reservoir', with concentrations typically exceeding those measured in lower airway (fractional exhaled NO or FeNO) by a few orders of magnitude. However, the dynamics of NO flux between the paranasal sinuses and main nasal airway, which are critical to respiratory NO emission, are poorly understood. RECENT FINDINGS Historically, NO emissions were thought to be contributed mostly by the maxillary sinuses (the largest sinuses) and active air movement (convection). However, recent anatomically-accurate computational modeling studies based on patients' CT scans showed that the ethmoid sinuses and diffusive transport dominate the process. SUMMARY These new findings may have a substantial impact on our view of nasal NO emission mechanisms and sinus physiopathology in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barak M. Spector
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Dennis J. Shusterman
- Upper Airway Biology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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