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Huang J, Xu F, Yang L, Tuolihong L, Wang X, Du Z, Zhang Y, Yin X, Li Y, Lu K, Wang W. Involvement of the GABAergic system in PTSD and its therapeutic significance. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1052288. [PMID: 36818657 PMCID: PMC9928765 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1052288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurobiological mechanism of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is poorly understood. The inhibition of GABA neurons, especially in the amygdala, is crucial for the precise regulation of the consolidation, expression, and extinction of fear conditioning. The GABAergic system is involved in the pathophysiological process of PTSD, with several studies demonstrating that the function of the GABAergic system decreases in PTSD patients. This paper reviews the preclinical and clinical studies, neuroimaging techniques, and pharmacological studies of the GABAergic system in PTSD and summarizes the role of the GABAergic system in PTSD. Understanding the role of the GABAergic system in PTSD and searching for new drug targets will be helpful in the treatment of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Psychiatry of School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Department of Applied Psychology of School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lina Tuolihong
- Department of Basic Medical of Basic Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Eight-Year Master's and Doctoral Program in Clinical Medicine of the First Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zibo Du
- Eight-Year Master's and Doctoral Program in Clinical Medicine of the First Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqi Zhang
- Eight-Year Master's and Doctoral Program in Clinical Medicine of the First Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuanlin Yin
- Department of Basic Medical of Basic Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangrong Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanshan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Bai G, Zhang M. Inhibitory postsynaptic density from the lens of phase separation. OXFORD OPEN NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 1:kvac003. [PMID: 38596704 PMCID: PMC10913824 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
To faithfully transmit and decode signals released from presynaptic termini, postsynaptic compartments of neuronal synapses deploy hundreds of various proteins. In addition to distinct sets of proteins, excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic apparatuses display very different organization features and regulatory properties. Decades of extensive studies have generated a wealth of knowledge on the molecular composition, assembly architecture and activity-dependent regulatory mechanisms of excitatory postsynaptic compartments. In comparison, our understanding of the inhibitory postsynaptic apparatus trails behind. Recent studies have demonstrated that phase separation is a new paradigm underlying the formation and plasticity of both excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic molecular assemblies. In this review, we discuss molecular composition, organizational and regulatory features of inhibitory postsynaptic densities through the lens of the phase separation concept and in comparison with the excitatory postsynaptic densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518036, China
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3
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Marks WD, Yokose J, Kitamura T, Ogawa SK. Neuronal Ensembles Organize Activity to Generate Contextual Memory. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:805132. [PMID: 35368306 PMCID: PMC8965349 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.805132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Contextual learning is a critical component of episodic memory and important for living in any environment. Context can be described as the attributes of a location that are not the location itself. This includes a variety of non-spatial information that can be derived from sensory systems (sounds, smells, lighting, etc.) and internal state. In this review, we first address the behavioral underpinnings of contextual memory and the development of context memory theory, with a particular focus on the contextual fear conditioning paradigm as a means of assessing contextual learning and the underlying processes contributing to it. We then present the various neural centers that play roles in contextual learning. We continue with a discussion of the current knowledge of the neural circuitry and physiological processes that underlie contextual representations in the Entorhinal cortex-Hippocampal (EC-HPC) circuit, as the most well studied contributor to contextual memory, focusing on the role of ensemble activity as a representation of context with a description of remapping, and pattern separation and completion in the processing of contextual information. We then discuss other critical regions involved in contextual memory formation and retrieval. We finally consider the engram assembly as an indicator of stored contextual memories and discuss its potential contribution to contextual memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D. Marks
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jun Yokose
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Takashi Kitamura
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Sachie K. Ogawa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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4
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Kim S, Gacek SA, Mocchi MM, Redei EE. Sex-Specific Behavioral Response to Early Adolescent Stress in the Genetically More Stress-Reactive Wistar Kyoto More Immobile, and Its Nearly Isogenic Wistar Kyoto Less Immobile Control Strain. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 15:779036. [PMID: 34970127 PMCID: PMC8713037 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.779036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic predisposition and environmental stress are known etiologies of stress-related psychiatric disorders. Environmental stress during adolescence is assumed to be particularly detrimental for adult affective behaviors. To investigate how genetic stress-reactivity differences modify the effects of stress during adolescence on adult affective behaviors we employed two inbred strains with differing stress reactivity. The Wistar Kyoto More Immobile (WMI) rat strain show increased stress-reactivity and despair-like behaviors as well as passive coping compared to the nearly isogenic control strain, the Wistar Kyoto Less Immobile (WLI). Males and females of these strains were exposed to contextual fear conditioning (CFC) during early adolescence (EA), between 32 and 34 postnatal days (PND), and were tested for the consequences of this mild EA stress in adulthood. Early adolescent stress significantly decreased anxiety-like behavior, measured in the open field test (OFT) and increased social interaction and recognition in adult males of both strains compared to controls. In contrast, no significant effects of EA stress were observed in adult females in these behaviors. Both males and females of the genetically less stress-reactive WLI strain showed significantly increased immobility in the forced swim test (FST) after EA stress compared to controls. In contrast, immobility was significantly attenuated by EA stress in adult WMI females compared to controls. Transcriptomic changes of the glucocorticoid receptor (Nr3c1, GR) and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) illuminate primarily strain and stress-dependent changes, respectively, in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of adults. These results suggest that contrary to expectations, limited adolescent stress is beneficial to males thru decreasing anxiety and enhancing social behaviors, and to the stress more-reactive WMI females by way of decreasing passive coping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Stephanie A Gacek
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Madaline M Mocchi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Eva E Redei
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Kalinichenko LS, Kornhuber J, Müller CP. Individual differences in inflammatory and oxidative mechanisms of stress-related mood disorders. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 55:100783. [PMID: 31415777 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Emotional stress leads to the development of peripheral disorders and is recognized as a modifiable risk factor for psychiatric disorders, particularly depression and anxiety. However, not all individuals develop the negative consequences of emotional stress due to different stress coping strategies and resilience to stressful stimuli. In this review, we discuss individual differences in coping styles and the potential mechanisms that contribute to individual vulnerability to stress, such as parameters of the immune system and oxidative state. Initial differences in inflammatory and oxidative processes determine resistance to stress and stress-related disorders via the alteration of neurotransmitter content in the brain and biological fluids. Differences in coping styles may serve as possible predictors of resistance to stress and stress-related disorders, even before stressful conditions. The investigation of natural variabilities in stress resilience may allow the development of new methods for preventive medicine and the personalized treatment of stress-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Kalinichenko
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - J Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Skórzewska A, Wisłowska-Stanek A, Lehner M, Turzyńska D, Sobolewska A, Krząścik P, Szyndler J, Maciejak P, Płaźnik A. The effect of a corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 antagonist on the fear conditioning response in low- and high-anxiety rats after chronic corticosterone administration. Stress 2019; 22:113-122. [PMID: 30345859 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2018.1505857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to test the hypothesis that high-anxiety (HR) rats are more sensitive to the effects of chronic corticosterone administration and antalarmin (corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor 1, CRF1 antagonist) injections than low-anxiety (LR) rats, and this effect is accompanied by changes in CRF system activity in brain regions involved in the control of emotions and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Male rats were divided into LR (n = 25) and HR (n = 30) groups according to the duration of conditioned freezing in a contextual fear test. Chronic corticosterone administration (by injection, 20 mg/kg) for 21 d (except weekends) increased freezing duration and number of GR (glucocorticoid receptor)-immunoreactive nuclei in the basal amygdala (BA) and decreased GR-immunoreactive nuclei in the infralimbic cortex (IL), dentate gyrus (DG), and CA3 area, only in the HR group. Moreover, in this group, corticosterone administration decreased number of CRF-immunoreactive neurons of the parvocellular paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (pPVN), DG, and CA1. Antalarmin (10 mg/kg, i.p., 2 injections) significantly attenuated conditioned fear responses, increased plasma corticosterone concentration, and decreased GR-immunoreactive nuclei in the BA, only in the HR group. Moreover, in this group, antalarmin increased number of GR-immunoreactive nuclei in the IL, DG, and CA3 and increased number of CRF-immunoreactive cells in the pPVN, DG, and CA1. Hence, antalarmin attenuated the fear response and restored HPA axis function in HR rats, which were more sensitive to corticosterone exposure. These data suggest that individual differences in central local CRF system activity may determine the neurobiological mechanisms related to mood and emotional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Skórzewska
- a Department of Neurochemistry , Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Aleksandra Wisłowska-Stanek
- b Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology , Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Małgorzata Lehner
- a Department of Neurochemistry , Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Danuta Turzyńska
- a Department of Neurochemistry , Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Alicja Sobolewska
- a Department of Neurochemistry , Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Paweł Krząścik
- b Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology , Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Janusz Szyndler
- b Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology , Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Piotr Maciejak
- a Department of Neurochemistry , Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology , Warsaw , Poland
- b Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology , Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Adam Płaźnik
- a Department of Neurochemistry , Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology , Warsaw , Poland
- b Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology , Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
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7
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Groeneweg FL, Trattnig C, Kuhse J, Nawrotzki RA, Kirsch J. Gephyrin: a key regulatory protein of inhibitory synapses and beyond. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 150:489-508. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1725-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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8
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Shen W, Nan C, Nelson PT, Ripps H, Slaughter MM. GABA B receptor attenuation of GABA A currents in neurons of the mammalian central nervous system. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/6/e13129. [PMID: 28348006 PMCID: PMC5371550 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionotropic receptors are tightly regulated by second messenger systems and are often present along with their metabotropic counterparts on a neuron's plasma membrane. This leads to the hypothesis that the two receptor subtypes can interact, and indeed this has been observed in excitatory glutamate and inhibitory GABA receptors. In both systems the metabotropic pathway augments the ionotropic receptor response. However, we have found that the metabotropic GABAB receptor can suppress the ionotropic GABAA receptor current, in both the in vitro mouse retina and in human amygdala membrane fractions. Expression of amygdala membrane microdomains in Xenopus oocytes by microtransplantation produced functional ionotropic and metabotropic GABA receptors. Most GABAA receptors had properties of α‐subunit containing receptors, with ~5% having ρ‐subunit properties. Only GABAA receptors with α‐subunit‐like properties were regulated by GABAB receptors. In mouse retinal ganglion cells, where only α‐subunit‐containing GABAA receptors are expressed, GABAB receptors suppressed GABAA receptor currents. This suppression was blocked by GABAB receptor antagonists, G‐protein inhibitors, and GABAB receptor antibodies. Based on the kinetic differences between metabotropic and ionotropic receptors, their interaction would suppress repeated, rapid GABAergic inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shen
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida
| | - Changlong Nan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida
| | - Peter T Nelson
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Sanders-Brown Centre on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Harris Ripps
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Whitman Investigator, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
| | - Malcolm M Slaughter
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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9
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McVey Neufeld KA, O'Mahony SM, Hoban AE, Waworuntu RV, Berg BM, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Neurobehavioural effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG alone and in combination with prebiotics polydextrose and galactooligosaccharide in male rats exposed to early-life stress. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 22:425-434. [PMID: 29173065 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1397875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Early life is a period of significant brain development when the brain is at its most plastic and vulnerable. Stressful episodes during this window of development have long-lasting effects on the central nervous system. Rodent maternal separation (MS) is a reliable model of early-life stress and induces alterations in both physiology and behaviour. Intriguingly, the gut microbiota of MS offspring differ from that of non-separated offspring, suggesting a mechanistic role for the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Hence, we tested whether dietary factors known to affect the gut microbiota alter the neurobehavioural effects of MS. The impact of consuming diet containing prebiotics polydextrose (PDX) and galactooligosaccharide (GOS) alone or in combination with live bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) from weaning onwards in rats subjected to early-life MS was assessed. Adult offspring were assessed for anxiety-like behaviour in the open field test, spatial memory using the Morris water maze, and reactivity to restraint stress. Brains were examined via PCR for changes in mRNA gene expression. Here, we demonstrate that diets containing a combination of PDX/GOS and LGG attenuates the effects of early-life MS on anxiety-like behaviour and hippocampal-dependent learning with changes to hippocampal mRNA expression of genes related to stress circuitry, anxiety and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siobhain M O'Mahony
- a APC Microbiome Institute , University College Cork , Cork , Ireland.,b Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience , University College Cork , Cork , Ireland
| | - Alan E Hoban
- a APC Microbiome Institute , University College Cork , Cork , Ireland.,b Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience , University College Cork , Cork , Ireland
| | | | - Brian M Berg
- c Mead Johnson Pediatric Nutrition Institute , Evansville , IN , USA
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- a APC Microbiome Institute , University College Cork , Cork , Ireland.,d Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science , University College Cork , Cork , Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- a APC Microbiome Institute , University College Cork , Cork , Ireland.,b Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience , University College Cork , Cork , Ireland
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10
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Sharp BM. Basolateral amygdala and stress-induced hyperexcitability affect motivated behaviors and addiction. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1194. [PMID: 28786979 PMCID: PMC5611728 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The amygdala integrates and processes incoming information pertinent to reward and to emotions such as fear and anxiety that promote survival by warning of potential danger. Basolateral amygdala (BLA) communicates bi-directionally with brain regions affecting cognition, motivation and stress responses including prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens and hindbrain regions that trigger norepinephrine-mediated stress responses. Disruption of intrinsic amygdala and BLA regulatory neurocircuits is often caused by dysfunctional neuroplasticity frequently due to molecular alterations in local GABAergic circuits and principal glutamatergic output neurons. Changes in local regulation of BLA excitability underlie behavioral disturbances characteristic of disorders including post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD), autism, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and stress-induced relapse to drug use. In this Review, we discuss molecular mechanisms and neural circuits that regulate physiological and stress-induced dysfunction of BLA/amygdala and its principal output neurons. We consider effects of stress on motivated behaviors that depend on BLA; these include drug taking and drug seeking, with emphasis on nicotine-dependent behaviors. Throughout, we take a translational approach by integrating decades of addiction research on animal models and human trials. We show that changes in BLA function identified in animal addiction models illuminate human brain imaging and behavioral studies by more precisely delineating BLA mechanisms. In summary, BLA is required to promote responding for natural reward and respond to second-order drug-conditioned cues; reinstate cue-dependent drug seeking; express stress-enhanced reacquisition of nicotine intake; and drive anxiety and fear. Converging evidence indicates that chronic stress causes BLA principal output neurons to become hyperexcitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Sharp
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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11
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Lehner M, Gryz M, Wisłowska-Stanek A, Turzyńska D, Sobolewska A, Skórzewska A, Płaźnik A. The amphetamine-associated context exerts a stronger motivational effect in low-anxiety rats than in high-anxiety rats. Behav Brain Res 2017; 330:97-107. [PMID: 28479265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study used the conditioned place preference test to explore the effects of subchronic amphetamine administration on drug-associated cues in rats with different emotional reactivity. We also examined the changes in markers of dopaminergic activity in brain regions in response to the amphetamine-paired context, after a withdrawal period preceded by subchronic amphetamine treatment. We used low-anxiety (LR) and high-anxiety (HR) rats, which are known to exhibit distinct levels of susceptibility to amphetamine. Compared to HR rats, LR rats spent significantly more time in the amphetamine-paired compartment after the withdrawal period preceded by subchronic amphetamine treatment. Compared to HR control rats, LR control rats showed higher expression of the D1 receptor in the nucleus accumbens core (NAC core) and basolateral amygdala and higher expression of the D2 receptor in the NAC core. After the amphetamine treatment and withdrawal period, the LR rats showed higher D1 receptor expression in the NAC core, an increased level of homovanilic acid (HVA) in the prefrontal cortex, the NAC and the central amygdala than HR rats, as well as lower D2 receptor expression in the NAC core and the amygdala than LR control rats. These results indicate that the differences in the activity of the dopaminergic mesolimbic system in the HR and LR rats are maintained and even enhanced after a multi-day break in the use of the drug, indicating the occurrence of sensitisation. These findings show that the innate reactivity of the limbic dopaminergic innervations, dependent on the level of emotional reactivity, may significantly and chronically modify the development and maintenance of sensitisation to amphetamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Lehner
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego Street, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marek Gryz
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego Street, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Wisłowska-Stanek
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, 1B Banacha Streeet, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Danuta Turzyńska
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego Street, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Sobolewska
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego Street, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Skórzewska
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego Street, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Płaźnik
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego Street, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, 1B Banacha Streeet, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Lehner MH, Taracha E, Kaniuga E, Wisłowska-Stanek A, Gryz M, Sobolewska A, Turzyńska D, Skórzewska A, Płaźnik A. Low-anxiety rats are more sensitive to amphetamine in comparison to high-anxiety rats. J Psychopharmacol 2017; 31:115-126. [PMID: 27703043 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116667708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study utilised the two injection protocol of sensitisation (TIPS) and the conditioned place preference test to validate and extend previous findings on the effects of amphetamine on positive reinforcement-related 50 kHz ultrasonic vocalisation (USV) in rats. We also examined changes in the expression of c-Fos and the NMDA receptor 2B (GluN2B) subunit, markers of neuronal activity and plasticity, in brain regions of rats in response to TIPS. We used low anxiety-responsive (LR) and high anxiety-responsive (HR) rats, which are known to exhibit different fear-conditioned response strengths, different susceptibilities to amphetamine in the TIPS procedure and different amphetamine-dependent 50 kHz USV responses. The LR rats, compared to the HR rats, not only vocalised much more intensely but also spent significantly more time in the amphetamine-paired compartment. After the second dose of amphetamine, the LR rats exhibited more c-Fos and GluN2B activation in layers II and III of the M1/M2 motor cortex area and prefrontal cortex (PRE, PRL, IL) and also presented with more GluN2B activation in the basal amygdala. These data reveal that HR and LR rats exhibit different levels of reactivity in the cortical-limbic pathway, which controls reward-related motivational processes. These findings contribute to the general hypothesis that heterogeneity in emotional processes is one of the causes of sensitisation to amphetamine and drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata H Lehner
- 1 Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Taracha
- 1 Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Kaniuga
- 1 Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Marek Gryz
- 1 Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Sobolewska
- 1 Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Danuta Turzyńska
- 1 Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Skórzewska
- 1 Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Płaźnik
- 1 Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland.,2 Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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13
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Lehner M, Wisłowska-Stanek A, Gryz M, Sobolewska A, Turzyńska D, Chmielewska N, Krząścik P, Skórzewska A, Płaźnik A. The co-expression of GluN2B subunits of the NMDA receptors and glucocorticoid receptors after chronic restraint stress in low and high anxiety rats. Behav Brain Res 2016; 319:124-134. [PMID: 27865917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the mechanisms underlying behavioural differences between high- (HR) and low- (LR) anxiety rats, selected according to their behaviour in the contextual fear test (i.e., the duration of the freezing response was used as a discriminating variable), after a chronic restraint procedure (21days, 3h daily). We analysed the expression of the GluN2B subunits of the NMDA and glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) in selected brain structures (immunofluorescence). Following chronic restraint stress in the HR rats, we observed a decrease in the expression of the GRs and GluN2B subunits of the NMDA receptor in the prefrontal cortical areas and the hippocampus compared to the HR-control and the LR-restraint groups. These effects coincided with an increase in passive depressive-like behaviour in the Porsolt test of the HR rats. Moreover, in the hippocampus, the HR-restraint animals demonstrated decreased glutamate levels and a decreased glutamate/glutamine ratio compared to the LR-restraint rats. Furthermore, the HR-restraint group had increased GRs/GluN2B subunits colocalisation in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) compared to the HR-control and the LR-restraint rats. The present results suggest that in HR rats exposed to chronic restraint stress, the hippocampal and cortical glutamatergic system components are changed. These effects could have a negative influence on the feedback mechanisms regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis as well as on the behavioural processes expressed as depressive-like symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Lehner
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego Street, 02-957, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Wisłowska-Stanek
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, 1B Banacha Streeet, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Gryz
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego Street, 02-957, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Sobolewska
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego Street, 02-957, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Danuta Turzyńska
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego Street, 02-957, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Chmielewska
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego Street, 02-957, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Krząścik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, 1B Banacha Streeet, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Skórzewska
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego Street, 02-957, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Płaźnik
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego Street, 02-957, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, 1B Banacha Streeet, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Prager EM, Bergstrom HC, Wynn GH, Braga MFM. The basolateral amygdala γ-aminobutyric acidergic system in health and disease. J Neurosci Res 2015; 94:548-67. [PMID: 26586374 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The brain comprises an excitatory/inhibitory neuronal network that maintains a finely tuned balance of activity critical for normal functioning. Excitatory activity in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), a brain region that plays a central role in emotion and motivational processing, is tightly regulated by a relatively small population of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibitory neurons. Disruption in GABAergic inhibition in the BLA can occur when there is a loss of local GABAergic interneurons, an alteration in GABAA receptor activation, or a dysregulation of mechanisms that modulate BLA GABAergic inhibition. Disruptions in GABAergic control of the BLA emerge during development, in aging populations, or after trauma, ultimately resulting in hyperexcitability. BLA hyperexcitability manifests behaviorally as an increase in anxiety, emotional dysregulation, or development of seizure activity. This Review discusses the anatomy, development, and physiology of the GABAergic system in the BLA and circuits that modulate GABAergic inhibition, including the dopaminergic, serotonergic, noradrenergic, and cholinergic systems. We highlight how alterations in various neurotransmitter receptors, including the acid-sensing ion channel 1a, cannabinoid receptor 1, and glutamate receptor subtypes, expressed on BLA interneurons, modulate GABAergic transmission and how defects of these systems affect inhibitory tonus within the BLA. Finally, we discuss alterations in the BLA GABAergic system in neurodevelopmental (autism/fragile X syndrome) and neurodegenerative (Alzheimer's disease) diseases and after the development of epilepsy, anxiety, and traumatic brain injury. A more complete understanding of the intrinsic excitatory/inhibitory circuit balance of the amygdala and how imbalances in inhibitory control contribute to excessive BLA excitability will guide the development of novel therapeutic approaches in neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Prager
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Gary H Wynn
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Psychiatry, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.,Program in Neuroscience, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maria F M Braga
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.,Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Psychiatry, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.,Program in Neuroscience, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
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15
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Mircsof D, Langouët M, Rio M, Moutton S, Siquier-Pernet K, Bole-Feysot C, Cagnard N, Nitschke P, Gaspar L, Žnidarič M, Alibeu O, Fritz AK, Wolfer DP, Schröter A, Bosshard G, Rudin M, Koester C, Crestani F, Seebeck P, Boddaert N, Prescott K, Hines R, Moss SJ, Fritschy JM, Munnich A, Amiel J, Brown SA, Tyagarajan SK, Colleaux L. Mutations in NONO lead to syndromic intellectual disability and inhibitory synaptic defects. Nat Neurosci 2015; 18:1731-6. [PMID: 26571461 PMCID: PMC5392243 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The NONO protein has been characterized as an important transcriptional regulator in diverse cellular contexts. Here we show that loss of NONO function is a likely cause of human intellectual disability and that NONO-deficient mice have cognitive and affective deficits. Correspondingly, we find specific defects at inhibitory synapses, where NONO regulates synaptic transcription and gephyrin scaffold structure. Our data identify NONO as a possible neurodevelopmental disease gene and highlight the key role of the DBHS protein family in functional organization of GABAergic synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Mircsof
- Chronobiology and Sleep Research Group, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Neuromorphology Group, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maéva Langouët
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Molecular and Pathophysiological Bases of Cognitive Disorders, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Marlène Rio
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Molecular and Pathophysiological Bases of Cognitive Disorders, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France.,Service de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Moutton
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Molecular and Pathophysiological Bases of Cognitive Disorders, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Karine Siquier-Pernet
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Molecular and Pathophysiological Bases of Cognitive Disorders, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Christine Bole-Feysot
- Genomic Platform, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Cagnard
- Bioinformatic Platform, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Nitschke
- Bioinformatic Platform, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Ludmila Gaspar
- Chronobiology and Sleep Research Group, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matej Žnidarič
- Chronobiology and Sleep Research Group, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Alibeu
- Genomic Platform, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Ann-Kristina Fritz
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich and Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David P Wolfer
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich and Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Aileen Schröter
- Molecular Imaging and Functional Pharmacology Group, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Bosshard
- Neuromorphology Group, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Rudin
- Molecular Imaging and Functional Pharmacology Group, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christina Koester
- Neuromorphology Group, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Florence Crestani
- Neuromorphology Group, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Petra Seebeck
- Center for Integrative Rodent Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Boddaert
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Molecular and Pathophysiological Bases of Cognitive Disorders, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France.,Service de radiologie pédiatrique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Katrina Prescott
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Department of Clinical Genetics, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Chapeltown Road, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Rochelle Hines
- Tufts University, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven J Moss
- Tufts University, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jean-Marc Fritschy
- Neuromorphology Group, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Arnold Munnich
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Molecular and Pathophysiological Bases of Cognitive Disorders, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Amiel
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Molecular and Pathophysiological Bases of Cognitive Disorders, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France.,Service de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Steven A Brown
- Chronobiology and Sleep Research Group, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Shiva K Tyagarajan
- Neuromorphology Group, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Colleaux
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Molecular and Pathophysiological Bases of Cognitive Disorders, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
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16
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Lehner M, Wisłowska-Stanek A, Skórzewska A, Płaźnik A. Chronic restraint increases apoptosis in the hippocampus of rats with high responsiveness to fear stimuli. Neurosci Lett 2015; 586:55-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Skórzewska A, Lehner M, Wisłowska-Stanek A, Turzyńska D, Sobolewska A, Krząścik P, Płaźnik A. Midazolam treatment before re-exposure to contextual fear reduces freezing behavior and amygdala activity differentially in high- and low-anxiety rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 129:34-44. [PMID: 25482326 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of benzodiazepine (midazolam) administration on rat conditioned fear responses and on local brain activity (c-Fos and CRF expressions) of low- (LR) and high- (HR)anxiety rats after the first and second contextual fear test sessions. The animals were divided into LR and HR groups based on the duration of their conditioned freezing response in the first contextual fear test. The fear-re-conditioned LR and HR animals (28 days later) had increased freezing durations compared with those durations during the first conditioned fear test. These behavioral effects were accompanied by increased c-Fos expression in the medial amygdala (MeA), the basolateral amygdala (BLA), and the paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei and elevated CRF expression in the MeA. All these behavioral and immunochemical effects of fear re-conditioning were stronger in the LR group compared with the effects in the HR group. Moreover, in the LR rats, the re-conditioning led to decreased CRF expression in the primary motor cortex (M1) and to increased CRF expression in the BLA. The pretreatment of rats with midazolam before the second exposure to the aversive context significantly attenuated the conditioned fear response, lowered the serum corticosterone concentration, decreased c-Fos and CRF expressions in the MeA and in the BLA, and increased CRF complex density in M1 area only in the LR group. These studies have demonstrated that LR rats are more sensitive to re-exposure to fear stimuli and that midazolam pretreatment was associated with modified brain activity in the amygdala and in the prefrontal cortex in this group of animals. The current data may facilitate a better understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms responsible for individual differences in the psychopathological processes accompanying some anxiety disorders characterized by stronger reactivity to re-exposure to stressful challenges, e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Skórzewska
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego Street, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Lehner
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego Street, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Wisłowska-Stanek
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University, 1B Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Danuta Turzyńska
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego Street, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Sobolewska
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego Street, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Krząścik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University, 1B Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Płaźnik
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego Street, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University, 1B Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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18
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High-anxiety rats are less sensitive to the rewarding affects of amphetamine on 50kHz USV. Behav Brain Res 2014; 275:234-42. [PMID: 25234225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed behaviour, as measured by 50kHz calls related to positive affect, in rats with different fear conditioned response strengths: low-anxiety rats (LR) and high-anxiety rats (HR), after amphetamine injection in a two-injection protocol (TIPS). The results showed that the first dose of amphetamine evoked similar behavioural effects in frequency-modulated (FM) 50kHz calls in the LR and HR groups. The second injection of amphetamine resulted in stronger FM 50kHz calls in LR compared with HR rats. The biochemical data ('ex vivo' analysis) showed that the LR rats had increased basal levels of dopamine in the amygdala, and increased homovanilic acid (HVA), dopamine's main metabolite, in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex compared with HR rats. The 'in vivo' analysis (microdialysis study) showed that the LR rats had increased HVA concentrations in the basolateral amygdala in response to an aversively conditioned context. Research has suggested that differences in dopaminergic system activity in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex may be one of the biological factors that underlie individual differences in response to fear stimuli, which may also affect the rewarding effects of amphetamine.
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19
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Skórzewska A, Lehner M, Wisłowska-Stanek A, Krząścik P, Ziemba A, Płaźnik A. The effect of chronic administration of corticosterone on anxiety- and depression-like behavior and the expression of GABA-A receptor alpha-2 subunits in brain structures of low- and high-anxiety rats. Horm Behav 2014; 65:6-13. [PMID: 24200620 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine changes in rat emotional behavior and determine differences in the expression of GABA-A receptor alpha-2 subunits in brain structures of low- (LR) and high-anxiety (HR) rats after the repeated corticosterone administration. The animals were divided into LR and HR groups based on the duration of their conditioned freezing in a contextual fear test. Repeated daily administration of corticosterone (20 mg/kg) for 21 days decreased activity in a forced swim test, reduced body weight and decreased prefrontal cortex corticosterone concentration in both the LR and HR groups. These effects of corticosterone administration were stronger in the HR group in comparison with the appropriate control group, and compared to LR treated and LR control animals. Moreover, in the HR group, chronic corticosterone administration increased anxiety-like behavior in the open field and elevated plus maze tests. The behavioral effects in HR rats were accompanied by a decrease in alpha-2 subunit density in the medial prefrontal cortex (prelimbic cortex and frontal association cortex) and by an increase in the expression of alpha-2 subunits in the basolateral amygdala. These studies have shown that HR rats are more susceptible to anxiogenic and depressive effects of chronic corticosterone administration, which are associated with modification of GABA-A receptor function in the medial prefrontal cortex and basolateral amygdala. The current data may help to better understand the neurobiological mechanisms responsible for individual differences in changes in mood and emotions induced by repeated administration of high doses of glucocorticoids or by elevated levels of these hormones associated with chronic stress or affective pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Skórzewska
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego Street, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Lehner
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego Street, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Wisłowska-Stanek
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University, 26/28 Krakowskie Przedmieście Street, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Krząścik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University, 26/28 Krakowskie Przedmieście Street, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ziemba
- Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Science, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Płaźnik
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego Street, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University, 26/28 Krakowskie Przedmieście Street, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland
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20
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Soeter M, Kindt M. High trait anxiety: a challenge for disrupting fear memory reconsolidation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75239. [PMID: 24260096 PMCID: PMC3832500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupting reconsolidation may be promising in the treatment of anxiety disorders but the fear-reducing effects are thus far solely demonstrated in the average organism. A relevant question is whether disrupting fear memory reconsolidation is less effective in individuals who are vulnerable to develop an anxiety disorder. By collapsing data from six previous human fear conditioning studies we tested whether trait anxiety was related to the fear-reducing effects of a pharmacological agent targeting the process of memory reconsolidation - n = 107. Testing included different phases across three consecutive days each separated by 24 h. Fear responding was measured by the eye-blink startle reflex. Disrupting the process of fear memory reconsolidation was manipulated by administering the β-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol HCl either before or after memory retrieval. Trait anxiety uniquely predicted the fear-reducing effects of disrupting memory reconsolidation: the higher the trait anxiety, the less fear reduction. Vulnerable individuals with the propensity to develop anxiety disorders may need higher dosages of propranolol HCl or more retrieval trials for targeting and changing fear memory. Our finding clearly demonstrates that we cannot simply translate observations from fundamental research on fear reduction in the average organism to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Soeter
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Merel Kindt
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Priority Program Brain and Cognition, Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Diamantopoulou A, Raftogianni A, Stamatakis A, Tzanoulinou S, Oitzl MS, Stylianopoulou F. Denial or receipt of expected reward through maternal contact during the neonatal period differentially affect the development of the rat amygdala and program its function in adulthood in a sex-dimorphic way. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2013; 38:1757-71. [PMID: 23490071 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Early experiences affect brain development and thus adult brain function and behavior. We employed a novel early experience model involving denial (DER) or receipt of expected reward (RER) through maternal contact in a T-maze. Exposure to the DER experience for the first time, on postnatal day 10 (PND10), was stressful for the pups, as assessed by increased corticosterone levels, and was accompanied by enhanced activation of the amygdala, as assessed by c-Fos immunohistochemistry. Re-exposure to the same experience on days 11-13 led to adaptation. Corticosterone levels of the RER pups did not differ on the first and last days of training (PND10 and 13 respectively), while on PND11 and 12 they were lower than those of the CTR. The RER experience did not lead to activation of the amygdala. Males and females exposed as neonates to the DER or RER experience, and controls were tested as adults in the open field task (OF), the elevated plus maze (EPM), and cued and contextual fear conditioning (FC). No group differences were found in the EPM, while in the OF, both male and female DER animals, showed increased rearings, compared to the controls. In the FC, the RER males had increased memory for both context and cued conditioned fear, than either the DER or CTR. On the other hand, the DER males, but not females showed an increased activation, as assessed by c-Fos expression, of the amygdala following fear conditioning. Our results show that the DER early experience programmed the function of the adult amygdala as to render it more sensitive to fearful stimuli. This programming by the DER early experience could be mediated through epigenetic modifications of histones leading to chromatin opening, as indicated by our results showing increased levels of phospho-acetyl-histone-3 in the amygdala of the DER males.
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Yildirim BO, Derksen JJ. Systematic review, structural analysis, and new theoretical perspectives on the role of serotonin and associated genes in the etiology of psychopathy and sociopathy. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:1254-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Changes in the brain expression of alpha-2 subunits of the GABA-A receptor after chronic restraint stress in low- and high-anxiety rats. Behav Brain Res 2013; 253:337-45. [PMID: 23916758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the mechanisms underlying the behavioral differences between high- (HR) and low-anxiety (LR) rats selected for their behavior in the contextual fear test (i.e., the duration of the freezing response was used as a discriminating variable). Rats were subjected to chronic restraint stress (21 days, 3h daily). We found that in the HR group, chronic restraint stress decreased rat activity in the Porsolt test and reduced the concentration of corticosterone in the prefrontal cortex. The behavioral changes were accompanied by a lower expression of alpha-2 GABA-A receptor subunits in the secondary motor cortex (M2 area) and in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (DG) compared to LR restraint animals. Moreover, restraint stress increased the density of alpha-2 GABA-A subunits in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) in HR rats and decreased the expression of these subunits in the DG and M2 areas compared to the HR control group. The present results suggest that, in HR rats exposed to chronic restraint stress, the function of hippocampal and cortical GABAergic neurotransmission is attenuated and that this effect could have important influences on the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and on depressive symptoms.
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Hayes DJ, Duncan NW, Wiebking C, Pietruska K, Qin P, Lang S, Gagnon J, BIng PG, Verhaeghe J, Kostikov AP, Schirrmacher R, Reader AJ, Doyon J, Rainville P, Northoff G. GABAA receptors predict aversion-related brain responses: an fMRI-PET investigation in healthy humans. Neuropsychopharmacology 2013; 38:1438-50. [PMID: 23389691 PMCID: PMC3682137 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The perception of aversive stimuli is essential for human survival and depends largely on environmental context. Although aversive brain processing has been shown to involve the sensorimotor cortex, the neural and biochemical mechanisms underlying the interaction between two independent aversive cues are unclear. Based on previous work indicating ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) involvement in the mediation of context-dependent emotional effects, we hypothesized a central role for the vmPFC in modulating sensorimotor cortex activity using a GABAergic mechanism during an aversive-aversive stimulus interaction. This approach revealed differential activations within the aversion-related network (eg, sensorimotor cortex, midcingulate, and insula) for the aversive-aversive, when compared with the aversive-neutral, interaction. Individual differences in sensorimotor cortex signal changes during the aversive-aversive interaction were predicted by GABAA receptors in both vmPFC and sensorimotor cortex. Together, these results demonstrate the central role of GABA in mediating context-dependent effects in aversion-related processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave J Hayes
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics, Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Health Care Group, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Niall W Duncan
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics, Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Health Care Group, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada,Department of Biology, University of Carleton, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Christine Wiebking
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics, Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Health Care Group, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada,Department of Biology, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karin Pietruska
- Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Paul G. Desmarais, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pengmin Qin
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics, Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Health Care Group, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stefan Lang
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics, Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Health Care Group, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jean Gagnon
- Centre de réadaptation Lucie-Bruneau, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Paul Gravel BIng
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jeroen Verhaeghe
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexey P Kostikov
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrew J Reader
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Julien Doyon
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Rainville
- Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Paul G. Desmarais, Montréal, QC, Canada,Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Georg Northoff
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics, Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Health Care Group, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Wisłowska-Stanek A, Lehner M, Skórzewska A, Maciejak P, Szyndler J, Turzyńska D, Sobolewska A, Płaźnik A. Corticosterone attenuates conditioned fear responses and potentiates the expression of GABA-A receptor alpha-2 subunits in the brain structures of rats selected for high anxiety. Behav Brain Res 2012; 235:30-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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26
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Wisłowska-Stanek A, Lehner M, Skórzewska A, Maciejak P, Szyndler J, Turzyńska D, Sobolewska A, Płaźnik A. Effects of d-cycloserine and midazolam on the expression of the GABA-A alpha-2 receptor subunits in brain structures of fear conditioned rats. Behav Brain Res 2011; 225:655-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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27
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Béracochéa D, Tronche C, Coutan M, Dorey R, Chauveau F, Piérard C. Interaction between Diazepam and Hippocampal Corticosterone after Acute Stress: Impact on Memory in Middle-Aged Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2011; 5:14. [PMID: 21516247 PMCID: PMC3079857 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2011.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzodiazepines (BDZ) are widely prescribed in the treatment of anxiety disorders associated to aging. Interestingly, whereas a reciprocal interaction between the GABAergic system and HPA axis has been evidenced, there is to our knowledge no direct evaluation of the impact of BDZ on both hippocampus (HPC) corticosterone concentrations and HPC-dependent memory in stressed middle-aged subjects. We showed previously that an acute stress induced in middle-aged mice severe memory impairments in a hippocampus-dependent task, and increased in parallel hippocampus corticosterone concentrations, as compared to non-stressed middle-aged controls (Tronche et al., 2010). Based on these findings, the aims of the present study were to evidence the impact of diazepam (a positive allosteric modulator of the GABA-A receptor) on HPC glucocorticoids concentrations and in parallel on HPC-dependent memory in acutely stressed middle-aged mice. Microdialysis experiments showed an interaction between diazepam doses and corticosterone concentrations into the HPC. From 0.25 to 0.5 mg/kg, diazepam dose-dependently reduces intra-HPC corticosterone concentrations and in parallel, dose-dependently increased hippocampal-dependent memory performance. In contrast, the highest (1.0 mg/kg) diazepam dose induces a reduction in HPC corticosterone concentration, which was of greater magnitude as compared to the two other diazepam doses, but however decreased the hippocampal-dependent memory performance. In summary, our study provides first evidence that diazepam restores in stressed middle-aged animals the hippocampus-dependent response, in relation with HPC corticosterone concentrations. Overall, our data illustrate how stress and benzodiazepines could modulate cognitive functions depending on hippocampus activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Béracochéa
- UMR-CNRS 5287, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Universités de Bordeaux Talence, France
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Nobre M, Cabral A, Brandão M. GABAergic regulation of auditory sensory gating in low- and high-anxiety rats submitted to a fear conditioning procedure. Neuroscience 2010; 171:1152-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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