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Jáuregui-Renaud K, García-Jacuinde DM, Bárcenas-Olvera SP, Gresty MA, Gutiérrez-Márquez A. Spatial anxiety contributes to the dizziness-related handicap of adults with peripheral vestibular disease. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1365745. [PMID: 38633539 PMCID: PMC11022853 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1365745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In subjects with peripheral vestibular disease and controls, we assessed: 1. The relationship between spatial anxiety and perceived stress, and 2. The combined contribution of spatial anxiety, spatial perspective-taking, and individual cofactors to dizziness-related handicap. 309 adults participated in the study (153 with and 156 without peripheral vestibular disease), including patients with bilateral vestibular deficiency, unilateral deficiency (evolution <3 or ≥3 months), Meniere's disease, and Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo. Assessments included: general health, personal habits, spatial anxiety (3-domains), perceived stress, spatial perspective-taking, dizziness-related handicap (3-domains), unsteadiness, sleep quality, motion sickness susceptibility, trait anxiety/depression, state anxiety, depersonalization/derealization. After bivariate analyses, analysis of covariance was performed (p ≤ 0.05). Spatial anxiety was related to unsteadiness and perceived stress, with an inverse relationship with trait anxiety (ANCoVA, adjusted R2 = 0.27-0.30, F = 17.945-20.086, p < 0.00001). Variability on perspective-taking was related to vestibular disease, trait and state anxiety, motion sickness susceptibility, and age (ANCoVA, adjusted R2 = 0.18, F = 5.834, p < 0.00001). All domains of spatial anxiety contributed to the Physical domain of dizziness-related handicap, while the Navigation domain contributed to the Functional domain of handicap. Handicap variability was also related to unsteadiness, spatial perspective-taking, quality of sleep, and trait anxiety/depression (ANCoVA, adjusted R2 = 0.66, F = 39.07, p < 0.00001). Spatial anxiety is related to perceived stress in adults both with and without vestibular disease, subjects with trait anxiety rated lower on spatial anxiety. State anxiety and acute stress could be helpful for recovery after peripheral vestibular lesion. Spatial anxiety and perspective-taking contribute to the Physical and Functional domains of dizziness-related handicap, possibly because it discourages behavior beneficial to adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine Jáuregui-Renaud
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Otoneurología, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dulce Maria García-Jacuinde
- Departamento de Audiología y Otoneurología, Hospital General del Centro Médico Nacional “La Raza”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Simón Pedro Bárcenas-Olvera
- Departamento de Audiología y Otoneurología, Hospital General del Centro Médico Nacional “La Raza”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Michael A. Gresty
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aralia Gutiérrez-Márquez
- Departamento de Audiología y Otoneurología, Hospital General del Centro Médico Nacional “La Raza”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
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2
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Fabrikant SI. Neuroadaptive LBS: towards human-, context-, and task-adaptive mobile geographic information displays to support spatial learning for pedestrian navigation. JOURNAL OF LOCATION BASED SERVICES 2023; 17:340-354. [PMID: 38143511 PMCID: PMC10740349 DOI: 10.1080/17489725.2023.2258100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Well-designed, neuroadaptive mobile geographic information displays (namGIDs) could improve the lives of millions of mobile citizens of the mostly urban information society who daily need to make time critical and societally relevant decisions while navigating. What are the basic perceptual and neurocognitive processes with which individuals make movement decisions when guided by human- and context-adaptive namGIDs? How can we study this in an ecologically valid way, also outside of the highly controlled laboratory? We report first ideas and results from our unique neuroadaptive research agenda that brings us closer to answering this fundamental empirical question. We present our first implemented methodological solutions of novel ambulatory evaluation methods to study and improve Location-based System (LBS) displays, by critical examination of how perceptual, neurocognitive, psychophysiological, and display design factors might influence decision-making and spatial learning in pedestrian mobility across broad ranges of users and mobility contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Irina Fabrikant
- Department of Geography and Digital Society Initiative, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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3
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Di Fabio C, Lindell AK, Callinan S. Contextual cues prompt greater improvements in alcohol consumption recall for people with higher working memory capacities. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2022.2089052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Di Fabio
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Annukka K. Lindell
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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4
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Zalachoras I, Astori S, Meijer M, Grosse J, Zanoletti O, de Suduiraut IG, Deussing JM, Sandi C. Opposite effects of stress on effortful motivation in high and low anxiety are mediated by CRHR1 in the VTA. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj9019. [PMID: 35319997 PMCID: PMC8942367 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj9019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Individuals frequently differ in their behavioral and cognitive responses to stress. However, whether motivation is differently affected by acute stress in different individuals remains to be established. By exploiting natural variation in trait anxiety in outbred Wistar rats, we show that acute stress facilitates effort-related motivation in low anxious animals, while dampening effort in high anxious ones. This model allowed us to address the mechanisms underlying acute stress-induced differences in motivated behavior. We show that CRHR1 expression levels in dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA)-a neuronal type implicated in the regulation of motivation-depend on animals' anxiety, and these differences in CRHR1 expression levels explain the divergent effects of stress on both effortful behavior and the functioning of mesolimbic DA neurons. These findings highlight CRHR1 in VTA DA neurons-whose levels vary with individuals' anxiety-as a switching mechanism determining whether acute stress facilitates or dampens motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Zalachoras
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Corresponding author. (C.S.); (I.Z.); (S.A.)
| | - Simone Astori
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Corresponding author. (C.S.); (I.Z.); (S.A.)
| | - Mandy Meijer
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jocelyn Grosse
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Zanoletti
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Guillot de Suduiraut
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jan M. Deussing
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry/Molecular Neurogenetics, Munich, Germany
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Corresponding author. (C.S.); (I.Z.); (S.A.)
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5
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Farran EK, Hudson KD, Bennett A, Ameen A, Misheva I, Bechlem B, Blades M, Courbois Y. Anxiety and Spatial Navigation in Williams Syndrome and Down Syndrome. Dev Neuropsychol 2022; 47:136-157. [PMID: 35282728 DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2022.2047685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with Down Syndrome (DS) and individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) present with poor navigation and elevated anxiety. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between these two characteristics. Parent report questionnaires measured navigation abilities and anxiety in WS (N = 55) and DS (N = 42) as follows. Anxiety: Spence Children's Anxiety Scale and a novel measure of navigation anxiety. Navigation: Santa Barbara Sense of Direction Scale (SBSOD) and a novel measure of navigation competence. Most individuals were not permitted to travel independently. A relationship between navigation anxiety and SBSOD scores (but not navigation competence) was observed for both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Farran
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Kerry D Hudson
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK
| | - Amelia Bennett
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Aan Ameen
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Iliana Misheva
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Badri Bechlem
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Blades
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Yannick Courbois
- Univ. Lille, ULR 4072 - PSITEC - Psychologie: Interactions Temps Émotions Cognition, Lille, France
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6
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Howell BC, Hamilton DA. Baseline heart rate variability (HRV) and performance during a set-shifting visuospatial learning task: The moderating effect of trait negative affectivity (NA) on behavioral flexibility ✰. Physiol Behav 2022; 243:113647. [PMID: 34798126 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Higher negative affectivity (NA) has an association with decreased executive function and cognitive control. Heart rate variability (HRV) may index cardiac vagal regulation differences in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) for both cognition and emotion. The current study investigates this association using a set-shifting variant of the Virtual Morris Water Task (VMWT) to study discrimination learning, spatial learning, reversal learning, and attentional set-shifting in a virtual environment. 73 participants completed affective questionnaires (Beck Depression Inventory-II, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Positive and Negative Affective Scale), a 5-minute baseline electrocardiogram, and the VMWT. Individuals who failed to complete the task exhibited significantly lower baseline RMSSD then those who completed the task. There was no direct effect between affective measures and task performance. Higher baseline HRV was predictive of better performance during set-shifting. Trait NA moderated the effect of baseline HRV, as well as trait positive affectivity (PA), on performance during the extradimensional shift condition. Increased behavioral flexibility performance was only predicted by higher HRV and PA in low NA individuals. High trait NA negates the positive effects of HRV and PA on behavioral flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breannan C Howell
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States.
| | - Derek A Hamilton
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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7
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Effectiveness of Memorizing an Animated Route—Comparing Satellite and Road Map Differences in the Eye-Tracking Study. ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijgi10030159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There is no consensus on the importance of satellite images in the process of memorizing a route from a map image, especially if the route is displayed on the Internet using dynamic (animated) cartographic visualization. In modern dynamic maps built with JavaScript APIs, background layers can be easily altered by map users. The animation attracts people’s attention better than static images, but it causes some perceptual problems. This study examined the influence of the number of turns on the effectiveness (correctness) and efficiency of memorizing the animated route on different cartographic backgrounds. The routes of three difficulty levels, based on satellite and road background, were compared. The results show that the satellite background was not a significant factor influencing the efficiency and effectiveness of route memorizing. Recordings of the eye movement confirmed this. The study reveals that there were intergroup differences in participants’ visual behavior. Participants who described their spatial abilities as “very good” performed better (in terms of effectiveness and efficiency) in route memorizing tasks. For future research, there is a need to study route variability and its impact on participants’ performance. Moreover, future studies should involve differences in route visualization (e.g., without and with ephemeral or permanent trail).
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8
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Kleinlogel EP, Curdy M, Rodrigues J, Sandi C, Schmid Mast M. Doppelganger-based training: Imitating our virtual self to accelerate interpersonal skills learning. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245960. [PMID: 33566838 PMCID: PMC7875421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interpersonal skills require mastering a wide range of competencies such as communication and adaptation to different situations. Effective training includes the use of videos in which role models perform the desired behaviours such that trainees can learn through behavioural mimicry. However, new technologies allow new ways of designing training. In the present study, given that virtual reality is emerging as a valuable training setting, we compare two different demonstration conditions within virtual reality by investigating the extent to which the use of doppelgangers as role models can boost trainees' interpersonal skills development as compared to a role model that does not resemble the trainees. We also assess trainees' level of self-efficacy and gender as potential moderators in this relationship. Participants delivered a speech in front of a virtual audience twice. Before delivering their second speech, they watched a role model giving a speech in front of the same audience. The role model was either their doppelganger or an avatar of the same gender depending on the condition they were randomly assigned to. Results showed that the doppelganger-based training was the most beneficial for male trainees low in self-efficacy. These findings have important implications for training design, suggesting that doppelganger-based training might be effective only for a specific subset of trainees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marion Curdy
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - João Rodrigues
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Schmid Mast
- Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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9
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Trait affective differences influence behavioral flexibility in virtual spatial and non-spatial discrimination tasks. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Alvarez-Vargas D, Abad C, Pruden SM. Spatial anxiety mediates the sex difference in adult mental rotation test performance. Cogn Res Princ Implic 2020; 5:31. [PMID: 32712746 PMCID: PMC7382671 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-020-00231-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental rotation ability is associated with successful advances in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) education and occupations. Meta-analyses have shown consistent sex disparities in mental rotation, where men outperform women on one measure of mental rotation ability, the Mental Rotations Test (MRT). Spatial anxiety, or the fear and apprehension felt when completing a task that requires spatial thinking, was proposed as a mechanism explaining the relation between sex and mental rotation test performance. This study modified the Spatial Anxiety Scale (SAS) to include questions about how anxious individuals feel when they must mentally rotate items to accomplish a task (e.g., playing Tetris). An exploratory factor analysis was conducted to assess the factorial structure of the modified spatial anxiety scale. Three factor loadings were extracted representing the ability to navigate, mentally rotate objects, and visualize objects. Furthermore, we analyzed the role of spatial anxiety and trait anxiety as potential mediators of the relation between participant sex and mental rotation performance. Spatial anxiety partially mediated the link between the sex of the participants and the MRT performance controlling for trait anxiety. Only navigation and mental rotation anxiety significantly mediated the relation between participant sex and mental rotation performance. We posit spatial anxiety as a barrier to efficient and accurate spatial thinking, and suggest that reducing spatial anxiety has the potential to improve spatial skills and reduce sex differences in mental rotation test performance. To ascertain this, an experimental design can determine whether a reduction in spatial anxiety causes changes in mental rotation test scores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Abad
- Psychology Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
| | - Shannon M. Pruden
- Psychology Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
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11
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Ball KT, Best O, Hagan E, Pressimone C, Tosh L. Effects of chronic stress on reinstatement of palatable food seeking: Sex differences and relationship to trait anxiety. Physiol Behav 2020; 221:112900. [PMID: 32259598 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous research in our lab has established a causal role for chronic stress exposure in subsequent increases in relapse-like behaviors in male rats with a history of palatable food self-administration. Given that many of the neurobehavioral consequences of stress are sex dependent, we aimed to determine whether sex differences exist with regard to the effects of chronic stress on relapse. Additionally, because high trait anxiety confers vulnerability to stress-related disorders, we examined whether individual differences in trait anxiety were related to differences in relapse-like behavior after chronic stress exposure. Following elevated plus maze testing for classification into high- or low-anxiety phenotypes, male and female rats responded for highly palatable food pellets. During subsequent extinction training, stress was manipulated (0 or 90 min restraint/day for 7 days). Rats were then tested for cue- and pellet priming-induced reinstatement of palatable food seeking. Results showed that female rats displayed higher levels of responding during cue-induced reinstatement tests compared to males, and that a history of chronic stress caused an attenuation of cue-induced reinstatement in female, but not male, rats. Regarding pellet priming-induced reinstatement, there was a three-way interaction such that neither stress history nor anxiety phenotype was related to reinstatement in females, but a history of stress in males caused increased and decreased responding in low- and high-anxiety rats, respectively. These results suggest that biological sex and trait anxiety level may help to explain differences in vulnerability to relapse among individuals exposed to chronic stress. Such information may be useful in designing more personalized and effective treatments for obesity and eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin T Ball
- Department of Psychology, Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania, 400 E. 2nd St., Bloomsburg, PA 17815, USA.
| | - Olivia Best
- Department of Psychology, Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania, 400 E. 2nd St., Bloomsburg, PA 17815, USA
| | - Erin Hagan
- Department of Psychology, Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania, 400 E. 2nd St., Bloomsburg, PA 17815, USA
| | - Claire Pressimone
- Department of Psychology, Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania, 400 E. 2nd St., Bloomsburg, PA 17815, USA
| | - Lindsay Tosh
- Department of Psychology, Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania, 400 E. 2nd St., Bloomsburg, PA 17815, USA
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12
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Designing Geovisual Analytics Environments and Displays with Humans in Mind. ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/ijgi8120572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this open-access Special Issue, we feature a set of publications under the theme “Human-Centered Geovisual Analytics and Visuospatial Display Design” [...]
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13
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da Cruz J, Rodrigues J, Thoresen JC, Chicherov V, Figueiredo P, Herzog MH, Sandi C. Dominant men are faster in decision-making situations and exhibit a distinct neural signal for promptness. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:3740-3751. [PMID: 30124784 PMCID: PMC6132284 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Social dominance, the main organizing principle of social hierarchies, facilitates priority access to resources by dominant individuals. Throughout taxa, individuals are more likely to become dominant if they act first in social situations and acting fast may provide evolutionary advantage; yet whether fast decision-making is a behavioral predisposition of dominant persons outside of social contexts is not known. Following characterization of participants for social dominance motivation, we found that, indeed, men high in social dominance respond faster–without loss of accuracy–than those low in dominance across a variety of decision-making tasks. Both groups did not differ in a simple reaction task. Then, we selected a decision-making task and applied high-density electroencephalography (EEG) to assess temporal dynamics of brain activation through event related potentials. We found that promptness to respond in the choice task in dominant individuals is related to a strikingly amplified brain signal at approximately 240 ms post-stimulus presentation. Source imaging analyses identified higher activity in the left insula and in the cingulate, right inferior temporal and right angular gyri in high than in low dominance participants. Our findings suggest that promptness to respond in choice situations, regardless of social context, is a biomarker for social disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janir da Cruz
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute for Systems and Robotics - Lisboa, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John C Thoresen
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vitaly Chicherov
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrícia Figueiredo
- Institute for Systems and Robotics - Lisboa, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Michael H Herzog
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Credé S, Thrash T, Hölscher C, Fabrikant SI. The acquisition of survey knowledge for local and global landmark configurations under time pressure. SPATIAL COGNITION AND COMPUTATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13875868.2019.1569016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Credé
- Department of Geography, Geographic Information Visualization and Analysis, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tyler Thrash
- Department of Geography, Geographic Information Visualization and Analysis, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Humanities, Social and Political Science, Chair of Cognitive Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Digital Society Initiative, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hölscher
- Department of Humanities, Social and Political Science, Chair of Cognitive Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sara Irina Fabrikant
- Department of Geography, Geographic Information Visualization and Analysis, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Digital Society Initiative, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Roach VA, Fraser GM, Kryklywy JH, Mitchell DGV, Wilson TD. Guiding Low Spatial Ability Individuals through Visual Cueing: The Dual Importance of Where and When to Look. ANATOMICAL SCIENCES EDUCATION 2019; 12:32-42. [PMID: 29603656 DOI: 10.1002/ase.1783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Research suggests that spatial ability may predict success in complex disciplines including anatomy, where mastery requires a firm understanding of the intricate relationships occurring along the course of veins, arteries, and nerves, as they traverse through and around bones, muscles, and organs. Debate exists on the malleability of spatial ability, and some suggest that spatial ability can be enhanced through training. It is hypothesized that spatial ability can be trained in low-performing individuals through visual guidance. To address this, training was completed through a visual guidance protocol. This protocol was based on eye-movement patterns of high-performing individuals, collected via eye-tracking as they completed an Electronic Mental Rotations Test (EMRT). The effects of guidance were evaluated using 33 individuals with low mental rotation ability, in a counterbalanced crossover design. Individuals were placed in one of two treatment groups (late or early guidance) and completed both a guided, and an unguided EMRT. A third group (no guidance/control) completed two unguided EMRTs. All groups demonstrated an increase in EMRT scores on their second test (P < 0.001); however, an interaction was observed between treatment and test iteration (P = 0.024). The effect of guidance on scores was contingent on when the guidance was applied. When guidance was applied early, scores were significantly greater than expected (P = 0.028). These findings suggest that by guiding individuals with low mental rotation ability "where" to look early in training, better search approaches may be adopted, yielding improvements in spatial reasoning scores. It is proposed that visual guidance may be applied in spatial fields, such as STEMM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics and medicine), surgery, and anatomy to improve student's interpretation of visual content. Anat Sci Educ. © 2018 American Association of Anatomists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Roach
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, William Beaumont School of Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
| | - Graham M Fraser
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - James H Kryklywy
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Derek G V Mitchell
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Brain and Mind Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Corps for Research of Instructional and Perceptual Technologies, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy D Wilson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Corps for Research of Instructional and Perceptual Technologies, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Not all those who wander are lost: Spatial exploration patterns and their relationship to gender and spatial memory. Cognition 2018; 180:108-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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17
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Using the Spatial Knowledge of Map Users to Personalize City Maps: A Case Study with Tourists in Madrid, Spain. ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/ijgi7080332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of personalized maps is to help individual users to read maps and focus on the most task-relevant information. Several approaches have been suggested to develop personalized maps for cities, but few consider the spatial knowledge of its users. We propose the design of “cognitively-aware” personalized maps, which take into account the previous experience of users in the city and how the urban space is configured in their minds. Our aim is to facilitate users’ mental links between maps and city places, stimulating users to recall features of the urban space and to assimilate new spatial knowledge. To achieve this goal, we propose the personalization of maps through a map design process based on user modeling and on inferring personalization guidelines from hand-drawn sketches of urban spaces. We applied this process in an experiment with tourists in Madrid, Spain. We categorized the participants into three types of tourists—“Guided”, “Explorer”, and “Conditioned”—according to individual and contextual factors that can influence their spatial knowledge of the city. We also extracted design guidelines from tourists’ sketches and developed map prototypes. The empirical results seem to be promising for developing personalized city maps that could be produced on-the-fly in the future.
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Oshiyama C, Sutoh C, Miwa H, Okabayashi S, Hamada H, Matsuzawa D, Hirano Y, Takahashi T, Niwa SI, Honda M, Sakatsume K, Nishimura T, Shimizu E. Gender-specific associations of depression and anxiety symptoms with mental rotation. J Affect Disord 2018; 235:277-284. [PMID: 29660643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men score higher on mental rotation tasks compared to women and suffer from depression and anxiety at half the rate of women. The objective of this study was to confirm the gender-specific effects of depression and anxiety on mental rotation performance. METHODS We collected data in non-experimental conditions from 325 university students at three universities. Participants completed rating scales of depressive and anxiety symptoms, and then simultaneously performed a mental rotation task using tablet devices. RESULTS We observed no significant difference between men and women in the depressive and anxiety symptoms and task response time. Men had a significantly higher correct answer rate compared with women. The scores of depression and anxiety of all participants were positively correlated. Task response time correlated positively with intensity of depressive symptoms and anxiety in women, but not in men. Women with high depressive symptoms had significantly longer response times than did women with low depressive symptoms, while men had no differences due to depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS We did not directly examine brain functions; therefore, the underlying neurobiological results are only based on previous knowledge and action data. CONCLUSIONS The pathology of depression and anxiety was reflected in the correct answer rate and response time in relation to the gender difference of brain function used in mental rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Oshiyama
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, Fukui University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka Japan; Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 269-0856, Japan; Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0856, Japan; Department of Functional Brain Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
| | - Chihiro Sutoh
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 269-0856, Japan.
| | - Hiroyasu Miwa
- Human Informatics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Waterfront, 2-3-26, Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Okabayashi
- Department of Fashion Sociology and Sciences, Bunka Gakuen University, 3-22-1, Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8523, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Hamada
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 269-0856, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsuzawa
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 269-0856, Japan; Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0856, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Hirano
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, Fukui University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka Japan; Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0856, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Takahashi
- Health Administration Center, University of Fukui, 3-9-1, Bunkyou, Fukui 910-0017, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichi Niwa
- Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University, 21-2, Tanizawa-Maeda, Kawahigashi, Aizuwakamatsu, Fukushima 969-3482, Japan.
| | - Manabu Honda
- Department of Functional Brain Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
| | - Kazuyuki Sakatsume
- Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, 1-6-1, Nishi-Waseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan.
| | - Takuichi Nishimura
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Waterfront, 2-4-7, Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan.
| | - Eiji Shimizu
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, Fukui University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka Japan; Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 269-0856, Japan; Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0856, Japan.
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Weger M, Sandi C. High anxiety trait: A vulnerable phenotype for stress-induced depression. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 87:27-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Vogel S, Schwabe L. Tell me what to do: Stress facilitates stimulus-response learning by instruction. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 151:43-52. [PMID: 29614376 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Learning by explicit instruction is a highly efficient way to instantaneously learn new behaviors and to overcome potentially harmful learning by trial-and-error. Despite the importance of instructed learning for education, influences on the efficacy of an instruction are currently unknown. Decades of research, however, showed that stress is a powerful modulator of learning and memory, including the acquisition of stimulus-response (S-R) associations. Moreover, brain areas critical for instructed learning are a major target of hormones and neurotransmitters released during stress. Thus, we investigated here whether acute stress affects instructed S-R learning and whether this effect differs for trial-and-error learning. To this end, healthy participants underwent a stressor (Socially Evaluated Cold Pressor Test) or a control manipulation before learning arbitrary S-R associations. For half of the stimuli, participants were explicitly instructed about the correct association, whereas the remaining associations had to be learned by trial-and-error. As expected, the instruction resulted in better performance and enhanced explicit rule knowledge compared to trial-and-error learning. Stress further boosted the beneficial effect of an explicit instruction on learning performance, while leaving trial-and-error learning unchanged. These beneficial effects of stress were directly correlated with the activity of the autonomic nervous system and the concentration of cortisol. Moreover, acute stress could override the detrimental effect of high trait anxiety levels on instructed S-R learning performance. Our findings indicate that acute stress may facilitate learning from instruction, which may represent a highly efficient way to learn how to act, without the necessity of own experience, that helps to save cognitive resources during a stressful encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Vogel
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Von-Melle-Park 5, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Lars Schwabe
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Von-Melle-Park 5, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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When young and older adults learn a map: The influence of individual visuo-spatial factors. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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22
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Al-Yateem N, Brenner M. Validation of the Short State Trait Anxiety Inventory (Short STAI) Completed by Parents to Explore Anxiety Levels in Children. Compr Child Adolesc Nurs 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/24694193.2016.1241836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nabeel Al-Yateem
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Indigenous Health, Charles Stuart University, Orange Campus, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maria Brenner
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Bendahan S, Goette L, Thoresen J, Loued-Khenissi L, Hollis F, Sandi C. Acute stress alters individual risk taking in a time-dependent manner and leads to anti-social risk. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 45:877-885. [PMID: 27606489 PMCID: PMC5396300 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Decision‐making processes can be modulated by stress, and the time elapsed from stress induction seems to be a crucial factor in determining the direction of the effects. Although current approaches consider the first post‐stress hour a uniform period, the dynamic pattern of activation of the physiological stress systems (i.e., the sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis) suggests that its neurobehavioural impact might be heterogeneous. Here, we evaluate economic risk preferences on the gain domain (i.e., risk aversion) at three time points following exposure to psychosocial stress (immediately after, and 20 and 45 min from onset). Using lottery games, we examine decisions at both the individual and social levels. We find that risk aversion shows a time‐dependent change across the first post‐stress hour, evolving from less risk aversion shortly after stress to more risk averse behaviour at the last testing time. When risk implied an antisocial outcome to a third party, stressed individuals showed less regard for this person in their decisions. Participants’ cortisol levels explained their behaviour in the risk, but not the antisocial, game. Our findings reveal differential stress effects in self‐ and other‐regarding decision‐making and highlight the multidimensional nature of the immediate aftermath of stress for cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bendahan
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Economics, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Goette
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Thoresen
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Loued-Khenissi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Hollis
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Sandi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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