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Lapointe T, Francis T, Doray K, Leri F. Enhancement of memory consolidation by an avoidance conditioned stimulus: Modulation by the D3 receptor. Neuropharmacology 2023; 235:109572. [PMID: 37149214 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Conditioned stimuli (CS) paired with foot-shock can enhance memory consolidation. Because the dopamine D3R has been implicated in mediating various responses to CSs, the current study explored its potential role in modulation of memory consolidation by an avoidance CS. Male Sprague-Dawley rats trained to avoid foot-shocks in a two-way signalled active avoidance task (8 sessions, 30 trials per session, 0.8 mA foot-shock) were pre-treated with the D3R antagonist NGB-2904 (Vehicle, 0.1 or 5 mg/kg) and exposed to the CS immediately after the sample phase of an object recognition memory task. Discrimination ratios were assessed 72 h later. Immediate, but not delayed (6 h), post-sample exposure to the CS enhanced object recognition memory and this effect was dose-dependently blocked by NGB-2904. Control experiments with the beta-noradrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol (10 or 20 mg/kg) and D2R antagonist pimozide (0.2 or 0.6 mg/kg) indicated that NGB-2904 targeted post-training memory consolidation. Exploring the pharmacological selectivity of the D3R effect, it was found that: 1) 5 mg/kg NGB-2904 blocked conditioned memory modulation produced by post-sample exposure to a "weak" CS (one day of avoidance training) and concurrent stimulation of catecholamine activity by 10 mg/kg bupropion; 2) post-sample exposure to a "weak" CS and concurrent administration of the D3R agonist 7-OH-DPAT (1 mg/kg) enhanced consolidation of object memory. Finally, because 5 mg/kg NGB-2904 had no effect on modulation by avoidance training in the presence of foot-shocks, the findings herein support the hypothesis that the D3R plays an important role in modulation of memory consolidation by CSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lapointe
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Program in Neuroscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Travis Francis
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Program in Neuroscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Kamrani Doray
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Program in Neuroscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Francesco Leri
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Program in Neuroscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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2
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Jardine KH, Huff AE, Wideman CE, McGraw SD, Winters BD. The evidence for and against reactivation-induced memory updating in humans and nonhuman animals. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 136:104598. [PMID: 35247380 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Systematic investigation of reactivation-induced memory updating began in the 1960s, and a wave of research in this area followed the seminal articulation of "reconsolidation" theory in the early 2000s. Myriad studies indicate that memory reactivation can cause previously consolidated memories to become labile and sensitive to weakening, strengthening, or other forms of modification. However, from its nascent period to the present, the field has been beset by inconsistencies in researchers' abilities to replicate seemingly established effects. Here we review these many studies, synthesizing the human and nonhuman animal literature, and suggest that these failures-to-replicate reflect a highly complex and delicately balanced memory modification system, the substrates of which must be finely tuned to enable adaptive memory updating while limiting maladaptive, inaccurate modifications. A systematic approach to the entire body of evidence, integrating positive and null findings, will yield a comprehensive understanding of the complex and dynamic nature of long-term memory storage and the potential for harnessing modification processes to treat mental disorders driven by pervasive maladaptive memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen H Jardine
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - A Ethan Huff
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Cassidy E Wideman
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Shelby D McGraw
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Boyer D Winters
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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3
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Lin X, Deng J, Yuan K, Wang Q, Liu L, Bao Y, Xue Y, Li P, Que J, Liu J, Yan W, Sun H, Wu P, Shi J, Shi L, Lu L. Neural substrates of propranolol-induced impairments in the reconsolidation of nicotine-associated memories in smokers. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:441. [PMID: 34429396 PMCID: PMC8385067 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01566-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of smokers relapse even after successfully quitting because of the craving to smoking after unexpectedly re-exposed to smoking-related cues. This conditioned craving is mediated by reward memories that are frequently experienced and stubbornly resistant to treatment. Reconsolidation theory posits that well-consolidated memories are destabilized after retrieval, and this process renders memories labile and vulnerable to amnestic intervention. This study tests the retrieval reconsolidation procedure to decrease nicotine craving among people who smoke. In this study, 52 male smokers received a single dose of propranolol (n = 27) or placebo (n = 25) before the reactivation of nicotine-associated memories to impair the reconsolidation process. Craving for smoking and neural activity in response to smoking-related cues served as primary outcomes. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed during the memory reconsolidation process. The disruption of reconsolidation by propranolol decreased craving for smoking. Reactivity of the postcentral gyrus in response to smoking-related cues also decreased in the propranolol group after the reconsolidation manipulation. Functional connectivity between the hippocampus and striatum was higher during memory reconsolidation in the propranolol group. Furthermore, the increase in coupling between the hippocampus and striatum positively correlated with the decrease in craving after the reconsolidation manipulation in the propranolol group. Propranolol administration before memory reactivation disrupted the reconsolidation of smoking-related memories in smokers by mediating brain regions that are involved in memory and reward processing. These findings demonstrate the noradrenergic regulation of memory reconsolidation in humans and suggest that adjunct propranolol administration can facilitate the treatment of nicotine dependence. The present study was pre-registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (registration no. ChiCTR1900024412).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lin
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No. 2018RU006), Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Deng
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No. 2018RU006), Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No. 2018RU006), Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Qiandong Wang
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China
| | - Lin Liu
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No. 2018RU006), Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Yanping Bao
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Yanxue Xue
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No. 2018RU006), Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Jianyu Que
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No. 2018RU006), Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No. 2018RU006), Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yan
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No. 2018RU006), Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Hongqiang Sun
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No. 2018RU006), Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wu
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Jie Shi
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Le Shi
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No. 2018RU006), Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Lin Lu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No. 2018RU006), Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China. .,National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China. .,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, 100191, Beijing, China.
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Deng J, Shi L, Yuan K, Yao P, Chen S, Que J, Gong Y, Bao Y, Shi J, Han Y, Sun H, Lu L. Propranolol-induced inhibition of unconditioned stimulus-reactivated fear memory prevents the return of fear in humans. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:345. [PMID: 33051441 PMCID: PMC7555531 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01023-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fear memories can be reactivated by a fear-associated conditioned stimulus (CS) or unconditioned stimulus (US) and then undergo reconsolidation. Propranolol administration during CS retrieval-induced reconsolidation can impair fear memory that is specific to the reactivated CS. However, from a practical perspective, the US is often associated with multiple CSs, and each CS can induce a fear response. The present study sought to develop and test a US-based memory retrieval interference procedure with propranolol to disrupt the original fear memory and eliminate all CS-associated fear responses in humans. We recruited 127 young healthy volunteers and conducted three experiments. All of the subjects acquired fear conditioning, after which they received the β-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol (40 mg) or placebo (vitamin C) and were exposed to the US or CS to reactivate the original fear memory. Fear responses were measured. Oral propranolol administration 1 h before US retrieval significantly decreased subsequent fear responses and disrupted associations between all CSs and the US. However, propranolol administration before CS retrieval only inhibited the fear memory that was related to the reactivated CS. Moreover, the propranolol-induced inhibition of fear memory reconsolidation that was retrieved by the US had a relatively long-lasting effect (at least 2 weeks) and was also effective for remote fear memory. These findings indicate that the US-based memory retrieval interference procedure with propranolol can permanently decrease the fear response and prevent the return of fear for all CSs in humans. This procedure may open new avenues for treating fear-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Deng
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No.2018RU006), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Le Shi
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No.2018RU006), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No.2018RU006), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Yao
- grid.410612.00000 0004 0604 6392Basic Medical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Sijing Chen
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianyu Que
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No.2018RU006), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yimiao Gong
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No.2018RU006), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanping Bao
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Shi
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Han
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongqiang Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No.2018RU006), Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Lin Lu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No.2018RU006), Peking University, Beijing, China. .,National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, China. .,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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5
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Rafiq S, Batool Z, Liaquat L, Haider S. Blockade of muscarinic receptors impairs reconsolidation of older fear memory by decreasing cholinergic neurotransmission: A study in rat model of PTSD. Life Sci 2020; 256:118014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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6
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Rewarding information presented during reactivation attenuates fear memory: Methylphenidate and fear memory updating. Neuropharmacology 2020; 171:108107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Elsey JWB, Bekker TA, De Bree AM, Kindt M. Encoding or consolidation? The effects of pre- and post-learning propranolol on the impact of an emotional scene. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2020; 67:101480. [PMID: 31122650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.101480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Researchers have conceived of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a disorder of memory, and proposed that blocking the impact of stress-related noradrenaline release in the aftermath of trauma may be a way of preventing the 'over-consolidation' of trauma-related memories. Experimental research in humans has been limited by typically focusing on declarative memory for emotional stories, and has mainly given propranolol before learning. In contrast, the clinical studies that we comprehensively review are hampered by practical challenges, such as reliably administering propranolol in a time window sufficiently close to the traumatic event. In this study, we aimed to assess the impact of both pre- and post-learning propranolol on emotional and declarative memory for an emotional scene, using the 'trauma film paradigm'. METHODS To control for drug and timing effects, participants received a pill (40 mg propranolol or placebo) both 60 min before and within 5 min after viewing a 12 min, emotionally arousing trauma film, and were assigned to one of the three conditions: propranolol-placebo (n = 25), placebo-propranolol (n = 25), or placebo-placebo (n = 25). We assessed participants' immediate emotional responses to the scene, as well as delayed impact (intrusions, Impact of Events Scale) and declarative memory. RESULTS Using Bayesian informative hypothesis testing, we found that pre-learning propranolol reduced the initial emotional impact of the 'trauma film'. However, we did not find strong evidence for an impact of pre- or post-learning propranolol on later consequences of having watched the emotional film (intrusions, Impact of Events, or tests of declarative memory). Exploratorily restricting analyses to women, we did find evidence suggesting that pre-encoding propranolol could reduce the rate of intrusions and self-reported negative impact of the emotional scene one week later. LIMITATIONS Floor effects in the delayed impact of the emotional scene could preclude observing differences as a function of propranolol, and propranolol dosage may need to be increased. CONCLUSIONS An impact of propranolol on encoding could raise difficulties in interpretation when only pre-encoding propranolol is used to make inferences about consolidation. We discuss the challenges of elucidating the mechanistic underpinnings of propranolol's reported effects on memory.
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8
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Sinclair AH, Barense MD. Prediction Error and Memory Reactivation: How Incomplete Reminders Drive Reconsolidation. Trends Neurosci 2019; 42:727-739. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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9
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Zhu S, Ran P, Wu J, Chen M, Fu Y. An Electrochemiluminesence Chiral Sensor for Propranolol Enantiomers Based on Functionalized Graphite‐like Carbon Nitride Nanosheets. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical ChemistrySouthwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
- Lab Teaching & Management CenterChongqing Medical University Chongqing 401331 China
| | - Peiyao Ran
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical ChemistrySouthwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Jingling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical ChemistrySouthwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical ChemistrySouthwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Yingzi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical ChemistrySouthwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
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10
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Bolsoni LM, Zuardi AW. Pharmacological interventions during the process of reconsolidation of aversive memories: A systematic review. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 11:100194. [PMID: 31832508 PMCID: PMC6889468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2019.100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reconsolidation is the return of a memory to a transient state of lability, following memory consolidation, that can occur when memories are evoked. During the process of reconsolidation, memories may be modified by different means, including the administration of drugs, during a period called the "reconsolidation window”. This process has been widely studied in animals, but human studies are limited and include several methodological pitfalls. Our objective was to conducte a systematic review of the literature that utilizes pharmacological interventions during the process of reconsolidation of aversive memories in humans, with a critical analysis of the methodologies used. Searches were made in the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and SciELO using the following search terms: (memory) AND (consolidation OR reconsolidation) AND (pharmacological manipulation OR pharmacological intervention). We found 294 references and ten (3.4%) were included in the review, based on preestablished eligibility criteria. All studies were randomized, double-blind clinical trials. The most commonly studied drug was propranolol. Two studies used a protocol involving autobiographical aversive memories, while in the remaining aversive memories were produced in the laboratory. The timing of pharmacological interventions is a controversial issue in the field, as drug activity must occur within the reconsolidation window. The small number of studies and some methodological difficulties of this type of research highlights the need for studies that individually evaluate some of the issues discussed, particularly the timing of pharmacological interventions and the duration of reconsolidation windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Maria Bolsoni
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Science, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, University of São Paulo, Avenue Tenente Catão Roxo, 2650. Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14051-140, Brazil
| | - Antonio Waldo Zuardi
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Science, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, University of São Paulo, Avenue Tenente Catão Roxo, 2650. Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14051-140, Brazil
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11
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Antypa D, Rodrigues Cabrita D, Vuilleumier P, Rimmele U. Cortisol suppression after memory reactivation impairs later memory performance. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 106:226-232. [PMID: 31003139 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Experiencing stressful or traumatic events can result in disabling clinical symptoms of maladaptive emotional memory retrieval, which are only partly addressed by the currently proposed treatments. Cortisol modulation has been shown to affect emotional memory retrieval and potentially reconsolidation, offering an opportunity for developing more efficient treatments for disorders with an emotional memory component. Here, we investigated if cortisol suppression after reactivation of emotional memories weakens later memory thereof. Forty healthy young men were tested in a randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind, and between-subject design, assigned either to a cortisol suppression (metyrapone) group or a placebo group. Participants of both groups, were presented with two emotional stories at an encoding session (Day 1). One of the two stories was later reactivated and followed by metyrapone vs. placebo administration (Day 3). Memory for both stories was tested at a recognition memory session (Day 7). In the group undergoing cortisol suppression after memory reactivation memory performance was weaker compared to the placebo group, tested four days after reactivation. This study shows that cortisol suppression can weaken memory for past events, possibly by altering reconsolidation processes and thus exerting long-lasting weakening effects on the original memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina Antypa
- Laboratory for Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Condition, Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Rodrigues Cabrita
- Laboratory for Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Condition, Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Vuilleumier
- Laboratory for Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Condition, Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Neurology, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Rimmele
- Laboratory for Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Condition, Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss National Center of Competences in Research LIVES - Overcoming vulnerabilities: life course perspective, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland.
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12
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Moses TEH. Erasing Trauma: Ethical Considerations to the Individual and Society. AJOB Neurosci 2019; 10:145-147. [PMID: 31361204 DOI: 10.1080/21507740.2019.1632971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
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13
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Flavell CR, Lee JLC. Dopaminergic D1 receptor signalling is necessary, but not sufficient for cued fear memory destabilisation. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:3667-3676. [PMID: 31392356 PMCID: PMC6892761 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05338-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Pharmacological targeting of memory reconsolidation is a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of fear memory-related disorders. However, the success of reconsolidation-based approaches depends upon the effective destabilisation of the fear memory by memory reactivation. OBJECTIVES Here, we aimed to determine the functional involvement of dopamine D1 receptors in cued fear memory destabilisation, using systemic drug administration. RESULTS We observed that direct D1 receptor agonism was not sufficient to stimulate tone fear memory destabilisation to facilitate reconsolidation disruption by the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone. Instead, administration of the nootropic nefiracetam did facilitate mifepristone-induced amnesia, in a manner that was dependent upon dopamine D1 receptor activation. Finally, while the combined treatment with nefiracetam and mifepristone did not confer fear-reducing effects under conditions of extinction learning, there was some evidence that mifepristone reduces fear expression irrespective of memory reactivation parameters. CONCLUSIONS The use of combination pharmacological treatment to stimulate memory destabilisation and impair reconsolidation has potential therapeutic benefits, without risking a maladaptive increase of fear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte R. Flavell
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Hills Building, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Jonathan L. C. Lee
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Hills Building, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT UK
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14
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AlOkda AM, Nasr MM, Amin SN. Between an ugly truth and a perfect lie: Wiping off fearful memories using beta-adrenergic receptors antagonists. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5722-5727. [PMID: 30417468 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, phobias, and post-traumatic stress disorder are considered of high global prevalence. Currently, a therapeutic approach to treat these disorders using beta-blockers, which antagonize the beta-adrenergic receptors (B1, B2, and B3) is being studied. This approach claims that beta-blockers, such as propranolol, inhibit fear memory reconsolidation. However, there are several studies refuting such claims by discrediting their experimental design and pointing out both the drugs pharmacokinetic properties and confounding factors. In this review, we explore the different effects of central beta-adrenergic agonists and antagonists on the fear memory consolidation providing mixed-evidence, limitations, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mostafa M Nasr
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa N Amin
- Department of Medical Physiology, Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
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15
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Gisquet-Verrier P, Riccio DC. Memory integration: An alternative to the consolidation/reconsolidation hypothesis. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 171:15-31. [PMID: 30343034 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The original concept of consolidation considers that memory requires time to be fixed. Since 2000, a comparable protein-dependent re-stabilization phase, called reconsolidation, has been assumed to take place after memory retrieval. This consolidation/reconsolidation hypothesis, has dominated the literature for more than 50 years, despite compelling evidence that is inconsistent with it. In this review, we present an historical overview and explain how, despite serious criticisms, this hypothesis has persisted for decades and become accepted as a dogma. Based on both older and more recent evidence, we next propose the concept of memory integration which involves the linkage or embedding of new material into an already existing representation. We believe integration provides a viable explanation for retrograde amnesia in place of the consolidation/reconsolidation hypothesis. Integration can further be the basis for several major cases of memory alteration such as time dependent memory enhancement, interference, counter-conditioning, updating and other instances of memory malleability. In a final section we consider the implications this new concept may have for memory processes and its translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Gisquet-Verrier
- Neuro-PSI, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR9197, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât 446, Orsay, F-91405, France.
| | - David C Riccio
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
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16
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Robinson S, Christ CC, Cahill MM, Aldrich SJ, Taylor-Yeremeeva E. Voluntary exercise or systemic propranolol ameliorates stress-related maladaptive behaviors in female rats. Physiol Behav 2018; 198:120-133. [PMID: 30336229 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Many people will experience at least one traumatic event in their lifetime, with up to 20% developing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) or PTSD-like symptoms. In addition, the likelihood that females will develop PTSD after trauma is more than twice that of males. Despite its prevalence, current treatment strategies for trauma victims are limited and substantial portions of affected individuals remain resistant to treatment, suggesting that additional interventions are necessary. Using an animal model of traumatic stress, the present studies tested the hypothesis that either voluntary exercise and/or administration of the adrenergic beta-receptor antagonist propranolol, would ameliorate stress-related maladaptive behaviors. In Study 1 four groups of female rats were exposed to a sequence of stressors that included anesthesia, restraint, forced swim, exposure to predator scent and fear conditioning. Rats then underwent re-exposure sessions in which stress-related conditioned stimuli were presented. In addition to re-exposure, stressed rats were treated with propranolol (10 mg/kg) and/or given the opportunity to engage in voluntary wheel running intermittently for 4 weeks. Stress-associated maladaptive behavior was assessed using the elevated plus and open field mazes and fear memory tests. Cognitive ability was assessed using a novel odor recognition task. A main effect of exercise on behaviors related to anxiety and resilience was observed, but neither a main effect of propranolol nor a synergistic effect of propranolol and exercise were observed. Neither stress induction nor treatment influenced recognition memory. In contrast, in Study 2 in which the timing and dosage of propranolol (0.25-2.0 mg/kg), and the number and timing of re-exposure sessions were adjusted, propranolol produced both a reduction in anxiety-like behaviors as well as resilience to a subsequent stressor. These results are consistent with the notion that combining re-exposure therapy with additional interventions is beneficial for female trauma victims. Furthermore, the findings support the view that in pre-clinical models, voluntary exercise, which bolsters hippocampal function and propranolol, which affects amygdala-dependent memory reconsolidation and peripheral noradrenergic signaling, can ameliorate stress-related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan Robinson
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Hamilton College, Clinton, NY 13323, United States.
| | - Christa C Christ
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina Upstate, Spartanburg, SC 29303, United States
| | - Margaret M Cahill
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Hamilton College, Clinton, NY 13323, United States
| | - Sara J Aldrich
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Hamilton College, Clinton, NY 13323, United States
| | - Elisa Taylor-Yeremeeva
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Hamilton College, Clinton, NY 13323, United States
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17
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Wang SH. Novelty enhances memory persistence and remediates propranolol-induced deficit via reconsolidation. Neuropharmacology 2018; 141:42-54. [PMID: 30125560 PMCID: PMC6178872 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Memory reactivation has been shown to open a time window for memory modulation. The majority of the methodological or pharmacological approaches target disruption of reconsolidation to weaken aversive memories. However, methods to improve appetitive memory persistence through reconsolidation or to reverse drug-induced reconsolidation impairment are limited. To improve memory persistence, previous studies show that a novel event, introduced around the time of memory encoding, enables the persistence of an otherwise decayed memory. This is mainly through a memory consolidation process. The current study first investigated if a novel event introduced during memory reactivation improves memory persistence through reconsolidation. Using a rodent appetitive spatial paradigm, similar to the human everyday experience of recalling where an item is located, a novel event around memory reactivation facilitated the persistence of spatial memory. This facilitation did not occur when the novel event was omitted and the protein synthesis-dependent reconsolidation was not affected by zif268 anti-sense in the dorsal hippocampus. Furthermore, beta-adrenergic antagonists, propranolol, impaired reconsolidation of appetitive spatial memory and contextual fear conditioning. A novel event after memory reactivation could reverse this impairment due to propranolol. Together, this study provides methods and confirmation for improving memory persistence during memory reactivation and reconsolidation. A novel event can reverse memory impairment caused by interfering reconsolidation with a noradrenergic β-blocker. Immediate-early gene, zif268, is not required for protein synthesis-dependent reconsolidation of appetitive spatial memory. A novel event can reverse the memory impairment caused by blocking reconsolidation with the noradrenergic beta-blocker propranolol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Han Wang
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
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18
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Visser RM, Lau-Zhu A, Henson RN, Holmes EA. Multiple memory systems, multiple time points: how science can inform treatment to control the expression of unwanted emotional memories. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:20170209. [PMID: 29352036 PMCID: PMC5790835 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Memories that have strong emotions associated with them are particularly resilient to forgetting. This is not necessarily problematic, however some aspects of memory can be. In particular, the involuntary expression of those memories, e.g. intrusive memories after trauma, are core to certain psychological disorders. Since the beginning of this century, research using animal models shows that it is possible to change the underlying memory, for example by interfering with its consolidation or reconsolidation. While the idea of targeting maladaptive memories is promising for the treatment of stress and anxiety disorders, a direct application of the procedures used in non-human animals to humans in clinical settings is not straightforward. In translational research, more attention needs to be paid to specifying what aspect of memory (i) can be modified and (ii) should be modified. This requires a clear conceptualization of what aspect of memory is being targeted, and how different memory expressions may map onto clinical symptoms. Furthermore, memory processes are dynamic, so procedural details concerning timing are crucial when implementing a treatment and when assessing its effectiveness. To target emotional memory in its full complexity, including its malleability, science cannot rely on a single method, species or paradigm. Rather, a constructive dialogue is needed between multiple levels of research, all the way 'from mice to mental health'.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Of mice and mental health: facilitating dialogue between basic and clinical neuroscientists'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée M Visser
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge CB2 7EF, UK
| | - Alex Lau-Zhu
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge CB2 7EF, UK
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Richard N Henson
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge CB2 7EF, UK
| | - Emily A Holmes
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge CB2 7EF, UK
- Karolinska Institutet, Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden
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