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Khodabukus A, Prabhu NK, Roberts T, Buldo M, Detwiler A, Fralish ZD, Kondash ME, Truskey GA, Koves TR, Bursac N. Bioengineered Model of Human LGMD2B Skeletal Muscle Reveals Roles of Intracellular Calcium Overload in Contractile and Metabolic Dysfunction in Dysferlinopathy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400188. [PMID: 38887849 PMCID: PMC11336985 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Dysferlin is a multi-functional protein that regulates membrane resealing, calcium homeostasis, and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle. Genetic loss of dysferlin results in limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2B/2R (LGMD2B/2R) and other dysferlinopathies - rare untreatable muscle diseases that lead to permanent loss of ambulation in humans. The mild disease severity in dysferlin-deficient mice and diverse genotype-phenotype relationships in LGMD2B patients have prompted the development of new in vitro models for personalized studies of dysferlinopathy. Here the first 3-D tissue-engineered hiPSC-derived skeletal muscle ("myobundle") model of LGMD2B is described that exhibits compromised contractile function, calcium-handling, and membrane repair, and transcriptomic changes indicative of impaired oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction. In response to the fatty acid (FA) challenge, LGMD2B myobundles display mitochondrial deficits and intracellular lipid droplet (LD) accumulation. Treatment with the ryanodine receptor (RyR) inhibitor dantrolene or the dissociative glucocorticoid vamorolone restores LGMD2B contractility, improves membrane repair, and reduces LD accumulation. Lastly, it is demonstrated that chemically induced chronic RyR leak in healthy myobundles phenocopies LGMD2B contractile and metabolic deficit, but not the loss of membrane repair capacity. Together, these results implicate intramyocellular Ca2+ leak as a critical driver of dysferlinopathic phenotype and validate the myobundle system as a platform to study LGMD2B pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neel K. Prabhu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Taylor Roberts
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Meghan Buldo
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Amber Detwiler
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | | | - Megan E. Kondash
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | | | - Timothy R. Koves
- Duke Molecular Physiology InstituteDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
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2
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Grobbelaar S, Mercier AE, van den Bout I, Durandt C, Pepper MS. Considerations for enhanced mesenchymal stromal/stem cell myogenic commitment in vitro. Clin Transl Sci 2024; 17:e13703. [PMID: 38098144 PMCID: PMC10787211 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The generation of tissue from stem cells is an alluring concept as it holds a number of potential applications in clinical therapeutics and regenerative medicine. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from a number of different somatic sources, and have the capacity to differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, and myogenic lineages. Although the first three have been extensively investigated, there remains a paucity of literature on the latter. This review looks at the various strategies available in vitro to enhance harvested MSC commitment and differentiation into the myogenic pathway. These include chemical inducers, myogenic-enhancing cell culture substrates, and mechanical and dynamic culturing conditions. Drawing on information from embryonic and postnatal myogenesis from somites, satellite, and myogenic progenitor cells, the mechanisms behind the chemical and mechanical induction strategies can be studied, and the sequential gene and signaling cascades can be used to monitor the progression of myogenic differentiation in the laboratory. Increased understanding of the stimuli and signaling mechanisms in the initial stages of MSC myogenic commitment will provide tools with which we can enhance their differentiation efficacy and advance the process to clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Grobbelaar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Anne E. Mercier
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Iman van den Bout
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Chrisna Durandt
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Michael S. Pepper
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
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3
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Roberts BM, Kolb AL, Geddis AV, Naimo MA, Matheny RW. The dose-response effects of arachidonic acid on primary human skeletal myoblasts and myotubes. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2023; 20:2164209. [PMID: 36620755 PMCID: PMC9817121 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2022.2164209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cellular inflammatory response, mediated by arachidonic acid (AA) and cyclooxygenase, is a highly regulated process that leads to the repair of damaged tissue. Recent studies on murine C2C12 cells have demonstrated that AA supplementation leads to myotube hypertrophy. However, AA has not been tested on primary human muscle cells. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether AA supplementation has similar effects on human muscle cells. Methods Proliferating and differentiating human myoblasts were exposed to AA in a dose-dependent manner (50-0.80 µM) for 48 (myoblasts) or 72 (myotubes) hours. Cell viability was tested using a 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay and cell counting; myotube area was determined by immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy; and anabolic signaling pathways were evaluated by western blot and RT-PCR. Results Our data show that the treatment of primary human myoblasts treated with 50 µM and 25 µM of AA led to the release of PGE2 and PGF2α at levels higher than those of control-treated cells (p < 0.001 for all concentrations). Additionally, 50 µM and 25 µM of AA suppressed myoblast proliferation, myotube area, and myotube fusion. Anabolic signaling indicated reductions in total and phosphorylated TSC2, AKT, S6, and 4EBP1 in myoblasts at 50 µM of AA (p < 0.01 for all), but not in myotubes. These changes were not affected by COX-2 inhibition with celecoxib. Conclusion Together, our data demonstrate that high concentrations of AA inhibit myoblast proliferation, myotube fusion, and myotube hypertrophy, thus revealing potential deleterious effects of AA on human skeletal muscle cell health and viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M. Roberts
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA,CONTACT Brandon M. Roberts Military Performance Division, USARIEM10 General Greene Ave, Bldg. 42, Natick, MA
| | - Alexander L. Kolb
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Alyssa V. Geddis
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Marshall A. Naimo
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Ronald W. Matheny
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
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4
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Casadevall C, Sancho-Muñoz A, Vicente I, Pascual-Guardia S, Admetlló M, Gea J. Influence of COPD systemic environment on the myogenic function of muscle precursor cells in vitro. Respir Res 2022; 23:282. [PMID: 36242002 PMCID: PMC9569059 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02203-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Loss of muscle mass and function are well-recognized systemic manifestations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Acute exacerbations, in turn, significantly contribute to upgrade these systemic comorbidities. Involvement of myogenic precursors in muscle mass maintenance and recovery is poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the vascular systemic environment from stable and exacerbated COPD patients on the myogenic behavior of human muscle precursor cells (MPC) in vitro. Methods: Serum from healthy controls and from stable and exacerbated COPD patients (before and after Methylprednisolone treatment) was used to stimulate human MPC cultures. Proliferation analysis was assessed through BrdU incorporation assays. MPC differentiation was examined through real-time RT-PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence analysis. Results: Stimulation of MPCs with serum obtained from stable COPD patients did not affect myogenic precursor cell function. The vascular systemic environment during an acute exacerbation exerted a mitotic effect on MPCs without altering myogenic differentiation outcome. After Methylprednisolone treatment of acute exacerbated COPD patients, however, the mitotic effect was further amplified, but it was followed by a deficient differentiation capacity. Moreover, these effects were prevented when cells were co-treated with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist Mifepristone. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that MPC capacity is inherently preserved in COPD patients, but is compromised after systemic administration of MP. This finding strengthens the concept that glucocorticoid treatment over the long term can negatively impact myogenic stem cell fate decisions and interfere with muscle mass recovery. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-02203-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carme Casadevall
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), C/ Dr. Aigüader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 08003, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antonio Sancho-Muñoz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Pulmonology Department, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Vicente
- Hospital de l'Esperança, Av. Santuario, Ptge. de Sant Josep la Muntanya 12, 08024, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Pascual-Guardia
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), C/ Dr. Aigüader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Pulmonology Department, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Admetlló
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Pulmonology Department, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Gea
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), C/ Dr. Aigüader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Pulmonology Department, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Singhal R, Lukose R, Carr G, Moktar A, Gonzales-Urday AL, Rouchka EC, Vajravelu BN. Differential Expression of Long Noncoding RNAs in Murine Myoblasts After Short Hairpin RNA-Mediated Dysferlin Silencing In Vitro: Microarray Profiling. JMIR BIOINFORMATICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 3:e33186. [PMID: 38935964 PMCID: PMC11135227 DOI: 10.2196/33186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are noncoding RNA transcripts greater than 200 nucleotides in length and are known to play a role in regulating the transcription of genes involved in vital cellular functions. We hypothesized the disease process in dysferlinopathy is linked to an aberrant expression of lncRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs). OBJECTIVE In this study, we compared the lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles between wild-type and dysferlin-deficient murine myoblasts (C2C12 cells). METHODS LncRNA and mRNA expression profiling were performed using a microarray. Several lncRNAs with differential expression were validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was performed to understand the functional role of the differentially expressed mRNAs. Further bioinformatics analysis was used to explore the potential function, lncRNA-mRNA correlation, and potential targets of the differentially expressed lncRNAs. RESULTS We found 3195 lncRNAs and 1966 mRNAs that were differentially expressed. The chromosomal distribution of the differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs was unequal, with chromosome 2 having the highest number of lncRNAs and chromosome 7 having the highest number of mRNAs that were differentially expressed. Pathway analysis of the differentially expressed genes indicated the involvement of several signaling pathways including PI3K-Akt, Hippo, and pathways regulating the pluripotency of stem cells. The differentially expressed genes were also enriched for the GO terms, developmental process and muscle system process. Network analysis identified 8 statistically significant (P<.05) network objects from the upregulated lncRNAs and 3 statistically significant network objects from the downregulated lncRNAs. CONCLUSIONS Our results thus far imply that dysferlinopathy is associated with an aberrant expression of multiple lncRNAs, many of which may have a specific function in the disease process. GO terms and network analysis suggest a muscle-specific role for these lncRNAs. To elucidate the specific roles of these abnormally expressed noncoding RNAs, further studies engineering their expression are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Singhal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, KY IDeA Networks of Biomedical Research Excellence Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Rachel Lukose
- Department of Physician Assistant Studies, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gwenyth Carr
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Afsoon Moktar
- Department of Physician Assistant Studies, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ana Lucia Gonzales-Urday
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eric C Rouchka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, KY IDeA Networks of Biomedical Research Excellence Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Bathri N Vajravelu
- Department of Physician Assistant Studies, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, United States
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6
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Madamsetty VS, Mohammadinejad R, Uzieliene I, Nabavi N, Dehshahri A, García-Couce J, Tavakol S, Moghassemi S, Dadashzadeh A, Makvandi P, Pardakhty A, Aghaei Afshar A, Seyfoddin A. Dexamethasone: Insights into Pharmacological Aspects, Therapeutic Mechanisms, and Delivery Systems. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:1763-1790. [PMID: 35439408 PMCID: PMC9045676 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dexamethasone (DEX) has been widely used to treat a variety of diseases, including autoimmune diseases, allergies, ocular disorders, cancer, and, more recently, COVID-19. However, DEX usage is often restricted in the clinic due to its poor water solubility. When administered through a systemic route, it can elicit severe side effects, such as hypertension, peptic ulcers, hyperglycemia, and hydro-electrolytic disorders. There is currently much interest in developing efficient DEX-loaded nanoformulations that ameliorate adverse disease effects inhibiting advancements in scientific research. Various nanoparticles have been developed to selectively deliver drugs without destroying healthy cells or organs in recent years. In the present review, we have summarized some of the most attractive applications of DEX-loaded delivery systems, including liposomes, polymers, hydrogels, nanofibers, silica, calcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite. This review provides our readers with a broad spectrum of nanomedicine approaches to deliver DEX safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Sagar Madamsetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, United States
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7618866749, Iran
| | - Ilona Uzieliene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu 5, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6H 3Z6
| | - Ali Dehshahri
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran
| | - Jomarien García-Couce
- Department of Radiology, Division of Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
- Department of Polymeric Biomaterials, Biomaterials Center (BIOMAT), University of Havana, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417755469, Iran
| | - Saeid Moghassemi
- Pôle de Recherche en Gynécologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Arezoo Dadashzadeh
- Pôle de Recherche en Gynécologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Micro-BioRobotics, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14496-14535, Iran
| | - Abbas Pardakhty
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7618866748, Iran
| | - Abbas Aghaei Afshar
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7618866749, Iran
| | - Ali Seyfoddin
- Drug Delivery Research Group, Auckland University of Technology (AUT), School of Science, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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7
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Dexamethasone accelerates muscle regeneration by modulating kinesin-1-mediated focal adhesion signals. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:35. [PMID: 33597503 PMCID: PMC7889929 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00412-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
During differentiation, skeletal muscle develops mature multinucleated muscle fibers, which could contract to exert force on a substrate. Muscle dysfunction occurs progressively in patients with muscular dystrophy, leading to a loss of the ability to walk and eventually to death. The synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (Dex) has been used therapeutically to treat muscular dystrophy by an inhibition of inflammation, followed by slowing muscle degeneration and stabilizing muscle strength. Here, in mice with muscle injury, we found that Dex significantly promotes muscle regeneration via promoting kinesin-1 motor activity. Nevertheless, how Dex promotes myogenesis through kinesin-1 motors remains unclear. We found that Dex directly increases kinesin-1 motor activity, which is required for the expression of a myogenic marker (muscle myosin heavy chain 1/2), and also for the process of myoblast fusion and the formation of polarized myotubes. Upon differentiation, kinesin-1 mediates the recruitment of integrin β1 onto microtubules allowing delivery of the protein into focal adhesions. Integrin β1-mediated focal adhesion signaling then guides myoblast fusion towards a polarized morphology. By imposing geometric constrains via micropatterns, we have proved that cell adhesion is able to rescue the defects caused by kinesin-1 inhibition during the process of myogenesis. These discoveries reveal a mechanism by which Dex is able to promote myogenesis, and lead us towards approaches that are more efficient in improving skeletal muscle regeneration.
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8
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Langendorf EK, Rommens PM, Drees P, Mattyasovszky SG, Ritz U. Detecting the Effects of the Glucocorticoid Dexamethasone on Primary Human Skeletal Muscle Cells-Differences to the Murine Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2497. [PMID: 32260276 PMCID: PMC7177793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is characterized by a decrease in muscle fiber size as a result of a decreased protein synthesis, which leads to degradation of contractile muscle fibers. It can occur after denervation and immobilization, and glucocorticoids (GCs) may also increase protein breakdown contributing to the loss of muscle mass and myofibrillar proteins. GCs are already used in vitro to induce atrophic conditions, but until now no studies with primary human skeletal muscle existed. Therefore, this study deals with the effects of the GC dexamethasone (dex) on primary human myoblasts and myotubes. After incubation with 1, 10, and 100 µM dex for 48 and 72 h, gene and protein expression analyses were performed by qPCR and Western blot. Foxo, MuRF-1, and MAFbx were significantly upregulated by dex, and there was increased gene expression of myogenic markers. However, prolonged incubation periods demonstrated no Myosin protein degradation, but an increase of MuRF-1 expression. In conclusion, applying dex did not only differently affect primary human myoblasts and myotubes, as differences were also observed when compared to murine cells. Based on our findings, studies using cell lines or animal cells should be interpreted with caution as signaling transduction and functional behavior might differ in diverse species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ulrike Ritz
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (E.K.L.); (P.M.R.); (P.D.); (S.G.M.)
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9
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Abstract
Ferlins are multiple-C2-domain proteins involved in Ca2+-triggered membrane dynamics within the secretory, endocytic and lysosomal pathways. In bony vertebrates there are six ferlin genes encoding, in humans, dysferlin, otoferlin, myoferlin, Fer1L5 and 6 and the long noncoding RNA Fer1L4. Mutations in DYSF (dysferlin) can cause a range of muscle diseases with various clinical manifestations collectively known as dysferlinopathies, including limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B (LGMD2B) and Miyoshi myopathy. A mutation in MYOF (myoferlin) was linked to a muscular dystrophy accompanied by cardiomyopathy. Mutations in OTOF (otoferlin) can be the cause of nonsyndromic deafness DFNB9. Dysregulated expression of any human ferlin may be associated with development of cancer. This review provides a detailed description of functions of the vertebrate ferlins with a focus on muscle ferlins and discusses the mechanisms leading to disease development.
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10
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Fang XB, Song ZB, Xie MS, Liu YM, Zhang WX. Synergistic effect of glucocorticoids and IGF-1 on myogenic differentiation through the Akt/GSK-3β pathway in C2C12 myoblasts. Int J Neurosci 2020; 130:1125-1135. [PMID: 32070170 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1730367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Glucocorticoids are the only therapeutics that can delay the progression of Duchenne musculardystrophy (DMD), the most prevalent type of inherited neuromuscular disorder in males. However, beyond theiranti-inflammatory effects, glucocorticoids have other underlying mechanisms that remain unclear. Moreover, muscleand circulating levels of insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) often decrease in response to glucocorticoids. Therefore, wehypothesized that glucocorticoids, either alone or in combination with IGF-1, can improve myogenic differentiation.Materials and methods: Established C2C12 myoblasts were employed as an in vitro model of myogenic differentiation,and myogenic differentiation markers, as assessed by Western blot (myogenin, MyoD, and MyHC protein expression),cellular morphology analysis (fusion index) and RT-PCR (MCK mRNA expression), were measured.Results: Myogenic differentiation markers were increased by glucocorticoid treatment. Furthermore, this effect was furtherenhanced by IGF-1, and these results suggest that glucocorticoids, either alone or together with IGF-1, can promotemyogenic differentiation. Akt and GSK-3β play important roles in myogenic differentiation. Interestingly, the levels ofboth phosphorylated Ser473-Akt and phosphorylated Ser9-GSK-3β were increased by glucocorticoid and IGF-1 cotreatment.Pharmacological manipulation with LY294002 and LiCl was employed to inhibit Akt and GSK-3β, respectively.We found that cellular differentiability was inhibited by LY294002 and enhanced by LiCl, indicating that theAkt/GSK-3β signaling pathway is activated by glucocorticoid and IGF-1 treatment to promote myogenic differentiation.Conclusions: Glucocorticoids together with IGF-1 promote myogenic differentiation through the Akt/GSK-3βpathway. Thus, these results further our knowledge of myogenic differentiation and may offer a potential alternativestrategy for DMD treatment based on glucocorticoid and IGF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bo Fang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zu-Biao Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng-Shu Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Mei Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Xi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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11
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Angove JL, Forder REA. The avian maternal environment: exploring the physiological mechanisms driving progeny performance. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2020.1729675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Angove
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia
| | - R. E. A. Forder
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia
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12
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Wang J, Khodabukus A, Rao L, Vandusen K, Abutaleb N, Bursac N. Engineered skeletal muscles for disease modeling and drug discovery. Biomaterials 2019; 221:119416. [PMID: 31419653 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the largest organ of human body with several important roles in everyday movement and metabolic homeostasis. The limited ability of small animal models of muscle disease to accurately predict drug efficacy and toxicity in humans has prompted the development in vitro models of human skeletal muscle that fatefully recapitulate cell and tissue level functions and drug responses. We first review methods for development of three-dimensional engineered muscle tissues and organ-on-a-chip microphysiological systems and discuss their potential utility in drug discovery research and development of new regenerative therapies. Furthermore, we describe strategies to increase the functional maturation of engineered muscle, and motivate the importance of incorporating multiple tissue types on the same chip to model organ cross-talk and generate more predictive drug development platforms. Finally, we review the ability of available in vitro systems to model diseases such as type II diabetes, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Pompe disease, and dysferlinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Lingjun Rao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Keith Vandusen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nadia Abutaleb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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13
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Belnap SC, Currea JP, Lickliter R. Prenatal incubation temperature affects neonatal precocial birds' locomotor behavior. Physiol Behav 2019; 206:51-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Yoshioka Y, Kubota Y, Samukawa Y, Yamashita Y, Ashida H. Glabridin inhibits dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 664:157-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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15
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Otrocka-Domagała I, Paździor-Czapula K, Gesek M. Dexamethasone-induced impairment of post-injury skeletal muscle regeneration. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:56. [PMID: 30744624 PMCID: PMC6371463 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1804-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the routine use of dexamethasone (DEX) in veterinary and human medicine and its negative impact on the rate of wound healing and skeletal muscle condition, we decided to investigate the effect of DEX on the inflammatory and repair phases of skeletal muscle regeneration. In this study, a porcine skeletal muscle injury model was used. The animals were divided into non-treated and DEX-treated (0.2 mg/kg/day) groups. On the 15th day of DEX administration, bupivacaine hydrochloride-induced muscle injury was performed, and the animals were sacrificed in subsequent days. Regeneration was assessed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. In the inflammatory phase, the presence and degree of extravasation, necrosis and inflammation were evaluated, while in the repair phase, the numbers of muscle precursor cells (MPCs), myotubes and young myofibres were estimated. Results In the inflammatory phase, DEX increased the severity and prolonged extravasation, prolonged necrosis and inflammation at the site of the muscle injury. In the repair phase, DEX delayed and prolonged MPC presence, impaired and prolonged myotube formation, and delayed young myofibre formation. Furthermore, DEX markedly affected the kinetics of the parameters of the inflammatory phase of the skeletal muscle regeneration more than that of the repair phase. Conclusions DEX impairment of the inflammatory and repair phases of the skeletal muscle regeneration was proven for the first time. The drug appears to affect the inflammatory phase more than the repair phase of regeneration. In light of our results, the possibility of reduction of the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscles should be considered during DEX therapy, and its use should be based on risk–benefit assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Otrocka-Domagała
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Street 13, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Paździor-Czapula
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Street 13, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Michał Gesek
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Street 13, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
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16
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Bonventre JA, Holman C, Manchanda A, Codding SJ, Chau T, Huegel J, Barton C, Tanguay R, Johnson CP. Fer1l6 is essential for the development of vertebrate muscle tissue in zebrafish. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 30:293-301. [PMID: 30516436 PMCID: PMC6589578 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-06-0401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise spatial and temporal expression of genes is essential for proper organismal development. Despite their importance, however, many developmental genes have yet to be identified. We have determined that Fer1l6, a member of the ferlin family of genes, is a novel factor in zebrafish development. We find that Fer1l6 is expressed broadly in the trunk and head of zebrafish larvae and is more restricted to gills and female gonads in adult zebrafish. Using both genetic mutant and morpholino knockdown models, we found that loss of Fer1l6 led to deformation of striated muscle tissues, delayed development of the heart, and high morbidity. Further, expression of genes associated with muscle cell proliferation and differentiation were affected. Fer1l6 was also detected in the C2C12 cell line, and unlike other ferlin homologues, we found Fer1l6 expression was independent of the myoblast-to-myotube transition. Finally, analysis of cell and recombinant protein-based assays indicate that Fer1l6 colocalizes with syntaxin 4 and vinculin, and that the putative C2 domains interact with lipid membranes. We conclude that Fer1l6 has diverged from other vertebrate ferlins to play an essential role in zebrafish skeletal and cardiac muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine A Bonventre
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Chelsea Holman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Aayushi Manchanda
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Sara J Codding
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Trisha Chau
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Jacob Huegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Carrie Barton
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Robert Tanguay
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Colin P Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
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17
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Larson AA, Syverud BC, Florida SE, Rodriguez BL, Pantelic MN, Larkin LM. Effects of Dexamethasone Dose and Timing on Tissue-Engineered Skeletal Muscle Units. Cells Tissues Organs 2018; 205:197-207. [PMID: 30121672 DOI: 10.1159/000490884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our lab showed that administration of dexamethasone (DEX) stimulated myogenesis and resulted in advanced structure in our engineered skeletal muscle units (SMU). While administration of 25 nM DEX resulted in the most advanced structure, 10 nM dosing resulted in the greatest force production. We hypothesized that administration of 25 nM DEX during the entire fabrication process was toxic to the cells and that administration of DEX at precise time points during myogenesis would result in SMU with a more advanced structure and function. Thus, we fabricated SMU with 25 nM DEX administered at early proliferation (days 0-4), late proliferation (days 3-5), and early differentiation (days 5-7) stages of myogenesis and compared them to SMU treated with 10 nM DEX (days 0-16). Cell proliferation was measured with a BrdU assay (day 4) and myogenesis was examined by immunostaining for MyoD (day 4), myogenin (day 7), and α-actinin (day 11). Following SMU formation, isometric tetanic force production was measured. An analysis of cell proliferation indicated that 25 nM DEX administered at early proliferation (days 0-4) provided 21.5% greater myogenic proliferation than 10 nM DEX (days 0-4). In addition, 25 nM DEX administered at early differentiation (days 5-7) showed the highest density of myogenin-positive cells, demonstrating the greatest improvement in differentiation of myoblasts. However, the most advanced sarcomeric structure and the highest force production were exhibited with sustained administration of 10 nM DEX (days 0-16). In conclusion, alteration of the timing of 25 nM DEX administration did not enhance the structure or function of our SMU. SMU were optimally fabricated with sustained administration of 10 nM DEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexie A Larson
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Brian C Syverud
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Shelby E Florida
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Molly N Pantelic
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lisa M Larkin
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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18
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Mechanisms of stress-related muscle atrophy in fish: An ex vivo approach. Mech Dev 2018; 154:162-169. [PMID: 29981836 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Glucocorticoids Improve Myogenic Differentiation In Vitro by Suppressing the Synthesis of Versican, a Transitional Matrix Protein Overexpressed in Dystrophic Skeletal Muscles. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122629. [PMID: 29211034 PMCID: PMC5751232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a dysregulated extracellular matrix (ECM) directly exacerbates pathology. Glucocorticoids are beneficial therapeutics in DMD, and have pleiotropic effects on the composition and processing of ECM proteins in other biological contexts. The synthesis and remodelling of a transitional versican-rich matrix is necessary for myogenesis; whether glucocorticoids modulate this transitional matrix is not known. Here, versican expression and processing were examined in hindlimb and diaphragm muscles from mdx dystrophin-deficient mice and C57BL/10 wild type mice. V0/V1 versican (Vcan) mRNA transcripts and protein levels were upregulated in dystrophic compared to wild type muscles, especially in the more severely affected mdx diaphragm. Processed versican (versikine) was detected in wild type and dystrophic muscles, and immunoreactivity was highly associated with newly regenerated myofibres. Glucocorticoids enhanced C2C12 myoblast fusion by modulating the expression of genes regulating transitional matrix synthesis and processing. Specifically, Tgfβ1, Vcan and hyaluronan synthase-2 (Has2) mRNA transcripts were decreased by 50% and Adamts1 mRNA transcripts were increased three-fold by glucocorticoid treatment. The addition of exogenous versican impaired myoblast fusion, whilst glucocorticoids alleviated this inhibition in fusion. In dystrophic mdx muscles, versican upregulation correlated with pathology. We propose that versican is a novel and relevant target gene in DMD, given its suppression by glucocorticoids and that in excess it impairs myoblast fusion, a process key for muscle regeneration.
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20
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Okamura LH, Cordero P, Palomino J, Parraguez VH, Torres CG, Peralta OA. Myogenic Differentiation Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Fetal Bovine Bone Marrow. Anim Biotechnol 2017; 29:1-11. [DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2016.1276926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Hidenori Okamura
- Departamento de Apoio, Produção e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brasil
- Departamento de Fomento de la Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paloma Cordero
- Departamento de Fomento de la Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Palomino
- Departamento de Fomento de la Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Victor Hugo Parraguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Gabriel Torres
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar Alejandro Peralta
- Departamento de Fomento de la Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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21
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Syverud BC, VanDusen KW, Larkin LM. Growth Factors for Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering. Cells Tissues Organs 2016; 202:169-179. [PMID: 27825154 DOI: 10.1159/000444671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-engineered skeletal muscle holds promise as a source of graft tissue for repair of volumetric muscle loss and as a model system for pharmaceutical testing. To reach this potential, engineered tissues must advance past the neonatal phenotype that characterizes the current state of the art. In this review, we describe native skeletal muscle development and identify important growth factors controlling this process. By comparing in vivo myogenesis to in vitro satellite cell cultures and tissue engineering approaches, several key similarities and differences that may potentially advance tissue-engineered skeletal muscle were identified. In particular, hepatocyte and fibroblast growth factors used to accelerate satellite cell activation and proliferation, followed by addition of insulin-like growth factor as a potent inducer of differentiation, are proven methods for increased myogenesis in engineered muscle. Additionally, we review our recent novel application of dexamethasone (DEX), a glucocorticoid that stimulates myoblast differentiation, in skeletal muscle tissue engineering. Using our established skeletal muscle unit (SMU) fabrication protocol, timing- and dose-dependent effects of DEX were measured. The supplemented SMUs demonstrated advanced sarcomeric structure and significantly increased myotube diameter and myotube fusion compared to untreated controls. Most significantly, these SMUs exhibited a fivefold rise in force production. Thus, we concluded that DEX may serve to improve myogenesis, advance muscle structure, and increase force production in engineered skeletal muscle.
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22
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Membrane repair of human skeletal muscle cells requires Annexin-A5. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:2267-79. [PMID: 27286750 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Defect in membrane repair contributes to the development of limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B (LGMD2B) and Miyoshi myopathy. In healthy skeletal muscle, unraveling membrane repair mechanisms requires to establish an exhaustive list of the components of the resealing machinery. Here we show that human myotubes rendered deficient for Annexin-A5 (AnxA5) suffer from a severe defect in membrane resealing. This defect is rescued by the addition of recombinant AnxA5 while an AnxA5 mutant, which is unable to form 2D protein arrays, has no effect. Using correlative light and electron microscopy, we show that AnxA5 binds to the edges of the torn membrane, as early as a few seconds after sarcolemma injury, where it probably self-assembles into 2D arrays. In addition, we observed that membrane resealing is associated with the presence of a cluster of lipid vesicles at the wounded site. AnxA5 is present at the surface of these vesicles and may thus participate in plugging the cell membrane disruption. Finally, we show that AnxA5 behaves similarly in myotubes from a muscle cell line established from a patient suffering from LGMD2B, a myopathy due to dysferlin mutations, which indicates that trafficking of AnxA5 during sarcolemma damage is independent of the presence of dysferlin.
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23
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Syverud BC, VanDusen KW, Larkin LM. Effects of Dexamethasone on Satellite Cells and Tissue Engineered Skeletal Muscle Units. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:480-9. [PMID: 26790477 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineered skeletal muscle has potential for application as a graft source for repairing soft tissue injuries, a model for testing pharmaceuticals, and a biomechanical actuator system for soft robots. However, engineered muscle to date has not produced forces comparable to native muscle, limiting its potential for repair and for use as an in vitro model for pharmaceutical testing. In this study, we examined the trophic effects of dexamethasone (DEX), a glucocorticoid that stimulates myoblast differentiation and fusion into myotubes, on our tissue engineered three-dimensional skeletal muscle units (SMUs). Using our established SMU fabrication protocol, muscle isolates were cultured with three experimental DEX concentrations (5, 10, and 25 nM) and compared to untreated controls. Following seeding onto a laminin-coated Sylgard substrate, the administration of DEX was initiated on day 0 or day 6 in growth medium or on day 9 after the switch to differentiation medium and was sustained until the completion of SMU fabrication. During this process, total cell proliferation was measured with a BrdU assay, and myogenesis and structural advancement of muscle cells were observed through immunostaining for MyoD, myogenin, desmin, and α-actinin. After SMU formation, isometric tetanic force production was measured to quantify function. The histological and functional assessment of the SMU showed that the administration of 10 nM DEX beginning on either day 0 or day 6 yielded optimal SMUs. These optimized SMUs exhibited formation of advanced sarcomeric structure and significant increases in myotube diameter and myotube fusion index, compared with untreated controls. Additionally, the optimized SMUs matured functionally, as indicated by a fivefold rise in force production. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that the addition of DEX to our process of engineering skeletal muscle tissue improves myogenesis, advances muscle structure, and increases force production in the resulting SMUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Syverud
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Keith W VanDusen
- 2 Department of Molecular and Integrated Physiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lisa M Larkin
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan.,2 Department of Molecular and Integrated Physiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
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24
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Lodjak J, Tilgar V, Mägi M. Does the interaction between glucocorticoids and insulin-like growth factor 1 predict nestling fitness in a wild passerine? Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 225:149-154. [PMID: 26519758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The crucial question in evolutionary ecology is to find out how physiological traits have coevolved so animals fit their stochastic environments. The plasticity of these different physiological mechanisms is largely mediated by hormones, like glucocorticoids and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Brood size manipulation with nestlings of free-living great tits (Parus major) was carried out to see the way in which plasma IGF-1 and feather corticosterone, a predictor of long-term sustained plasma corticosterone level, are associated across different nutritional conditions and how this association predicts survival during the nestling phase. We showed that the association between levels of IGF-1 and corticosterone depended on physiological condition of nestlings. Namely, there was a positive association between the hormones in nestlings from the decreased broods and a negative association in nestlings from the enlarged broods. Furthermore, we showed that the interaction between levels of IGF-1 and corticosterone was also related with the survival of the nestlings. Our results suggest that signalling pathways of IGF-1 and corticosterone most likely interact with each other in a nutrition-dependent way to maximize the rate of development and survival of nestlings in their stochastic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaanis Lodjak
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise Street, Tartu 51014, Estonia.
| | - Vallo Tilgar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise Street, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Marko Mägi
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise Street, Tartu 51014, Estonia
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25
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Suk S, Seo SG, Yu JG, Yang H, Jeong E, Jang YJ, Yaghmoor SS, Ahmed Y, Yousef JM, Abualnaja KO, Al-Malki AL, Kumosani TA, Lee CY, Lee HJ, Lee KW. A Bioactive Constituent of Ginger, 6-Shogaol, Prevents Adipogenesis and Stimulates Lipolysis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. J Food Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Suk
- WCU Biomodulation Major; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology; Center for Food and Bioconvergence; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-921 Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Biotechnology Major; College of Agriculture and Life Sciences; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Sang Gwon Seo
- WCU Biomodulation Major; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology; Center for Food and Bioconvergence; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-921 Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology; Seoul National University; Suwon 443-270 Korea
| | - Jae Gak Yu
- WCU Biomodulation Major; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology; Center for Food and Bioconvergence; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-921 Korea
| | - Hee Yang
- WCU Biomodulation Major; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology; Center for Food and Bioconvergence; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-921 Korea
| | - Eunsun Jeong
- WCU Biomodulation Major; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology; Center for Food and Bioconvergence; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-921 Korea
| | - Young Jin Jang
- WCU Biomodulation Major; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology; Center for Food and Bioconvergence; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-921 Korea
| | - Soonham Sami Yaghmoor
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit; King Fahd Medical Research Center and Production of Bioproducts for Industrial Applications Research Group; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Youssri Ahmed
- Biochemistry Department; Faculty of Science and Production of Bioproducts for Industrial Applications Research Group; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Jehad Mustafa Yousef
- Biochemistry Department; Faculty of Science for Girl's; Experimental Biochemistry Unit; King Fahd Medical Research Center and Production of Bioproducts for Industrial Applications Research Group; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Omer Abualnaja
- Biochemistry Department; Faculty of Science and Bioactive Natural Products Research Group; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Labeed Al-Malki
- Biochemistry Department; Faculty of Science; Experimental Biochemistry Unit; King Fahd Medical Research Center and Bioactive Natural Products Research Group; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Taha Abdullah Kumosani
- Biochemistry Department; Faculty of Science; Experimental Biochemistry Unit; King Fahd Medical Research Center and Production of Bioproducts for Industrial Applications Research Group; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Chang Y. Lee
- Department of Food Science; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14850
- Production of Bio-products for Industrial Applications Research Group; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah 22254 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hyong Joo Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology; Center for Food and Bioconvergence; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-921 Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology; Seoul National University; Suwon 443-270 Korea
- Research Institute of Bio Food Industry; Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology; Seoul National University; Pyeongchang 232-916 Korea
| | - Ki Won Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology; Center for Food and Bioconvergence; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-921 Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Biotechnology Major; College of Agriculture and Life Sciences; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology; Seoul National University; Suwon 443-270 Korea
- Research Institute of Bio Food Industry; Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology; Seoul National University; Pyeongchang 232-916 Korea
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26
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Lodjak J, Mägi M, Rooni U, Tilgar V. Context-dependent effects of feather corticosterone on growth rate and fledging success of wild passerine nestlings in heterogeneous habitat. Oecologia 2015; 179:937-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3357-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Test 1: Treatment of dysferlinopathy with deflazacort: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Gene X 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(15)30104-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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28
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Defour A, Van der Meulen JH, Bhat R, Bigot A, Bashir R, Nagaraju K, Jaiswal JK. Dysferlin regulates cell membrane repair by facilitating injury-triggered acid sphingomyelinase secretion. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1306. [PMID: 24967968 PMCID: PMC4079937 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Dysferlin deficiency compromises the repair of injured muscle, but the underlying cellular mechanism remains elusive. To study this phenomenon, we have developed mouse and human myoblast models for dysferlinopathy. These dysferlinopathic myoblasts undergo normal differentiation but have a deficit in their ability to repair focal injury to their cell membrane. Imaging cells undergoing repair showed that dysferlin-deficit decreased the number of lysosomes present at the cell membrane, resulting in a delay and reduction in injury-triggered lysosomal exocytosis. We find repair of injured cells does not involve formation of intracellular membrane patch through lysosome-lysosome fusion; instead, individual lysosomes fuse with the injured cell membrane, releasing acid sphingomyelinase (ASM). ASM secretion was reduced in injured dysferlinopathic cells, and acute treatment with sphingomyelinase restored the repair ability of dysferlinopathic myoblasts and myofibers. Our results provide the mechanism for dysferlin-mediated repair of skeletal muscle sarcolemma and identify ASM as a potential therapy for dysferlinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Defour
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC, USA
| | - J H Van der Meulen
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC, USA
| | - R Bhat
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC, USA
| | - A Bigot
- Institut de Myologie, UM76 Université Pierre et Marie Curie, U974 INSERM, UMR7215 CNRS, GH Pitié-Salpétrière, 47 bd de l'Hôpital, Paris, France
| | - R Bashir
- School of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, University of Durham, Durham, UK
| | - K Nagaraju
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - J K Jaiswal
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
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Stella R, Arrigoni G, Biancotto G, Krogh M, Vascellari M, Lega F, Pozza G, Angeletti R, Andrighetto I, James P. Confirmation of Protein Biomarkers of Corticosteroids Treatment in Veal Calves Sampled under Field Conditions. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:1794-9. [DOI: 10.1021/pr401193r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Stella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Universitá, 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Proteomics Center of Padova University, Via G. Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Biancotto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Universitá, 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Morten Krogh
- Department
of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Medicon Village, S-223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Marta Vascellari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Universitá, 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Lega
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Universitá, 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Pozza
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Universitá, 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Roberto Angeletti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Universitá, 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Igino Andrighetto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Universitá, 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Peter James
- Department
of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Medicon Village, S-223 81 Lund, Sweden
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Jalali Tehrani H, Parivar K, Ai J, Kajbafzadeh A, Rahbarghazi R, Hashemi M, Sadeghizadeh M. Effect of dexamethasone, insulin and EGF on the myogenic potential on human endometrial stem cell. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2014; 13:659-64. [PMID: 25237362 PMCID: PMC4157042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Human endometrium contains mesenchymal stem cells (eMSC) which have the ability to differentiate into three cell lineages and the potential in therapeutic applications. We hypothesize that using environmental induction in culture media such as dexamethasone, human recombinant insulin and human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) can differentiate endometrial stem cells into myoblast. These agents have a broad range of effects in myoblast differentiation in-vitro. We used immunohystochemistry analysis and RT -PCR to evaluate the presence of skeletal muscle - specific proteins some of which are expressed in the early stage of differentiation including myoD and Desmin which expressed at later stages of differentiation. In conclusion eMSC can differentiate in culture media which contains above mentioned factors and use for therapeutic purpose in muscular degenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hora Jalali Tehrani
- Depatment of Biology, Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran.
| | - Kazem Parivar
- Depatment of Biology, Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran.
| | - Jafar Ai
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advance Technology, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abdolmohammad Kajbafzadeh
- Paediatric Urology Research Center, Department of Urology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Umbilical Cord Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Medical Genetics. Tehran Medical Sciences Branch .Islamic Azad University Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Sadeghizadeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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McDade JR, Michele DE. Membrane damage-induced vesicle-vesicle fusion of dysferlin-containing vesicles in muscle cells requires microtubules and kinesin. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:1677-86. [PMID: 24203699 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the dysferlin gene resulting in dysferlin-deficiency lead to limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2B and Myoshi myopathy in humans. Dysferlin has been proposed as a critical regulator of vesicle-mediated membrane resealing in muscle fibers, and localizes to muscle fiber wounds following sarcolemma damage. Studies in fibroblasts and urchin eggs suggest that trafficking and fusion of intracellular vesicles with the plasma membrane during resealing requires the intracellular cytoskeleton. However, the contribution of dysferlin-containing vesicles to resealing in muscle and the role of the cytoskeleton in regulating dysferlin-containing vesicle biology is unclear. Here, we use live-cell imaging to examine the behavior of dysferlin-containing vesicles following cellular wounding in muscle cells and examine the role of microtubules and kinesin in dysferlin-containing vesicle behavior following wounding. Our data indicate that dysferlin-containing vesicles move along microtubules via the kinesin motor KIF5B in muscle cells. Membrane wounding induces dysferlin-containing vesicle-vesicle fusion and the formation of extremely large cytoplasmic vesicles, and this response depends on both microtubules and functional KIF5B. In non-muscle cell types, lysosomes are critical mediators of membrane resealing, and our data indicate that dysferlin-containing vesicles are capable of fusing with lysosomes following wounding which may contribute to formation of large wound sealing vesicles in muscle cells. Overall, our data provide mechanistic evidence that microtubule-based transport of dysferlin-containing vesicles may be critical for resealing, and highlight a critical role for dysferlin-containing vesicle-vesicle and vesicle-organelle fusion in response to wounding in muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel R McDade
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Divari S, Pregel P, Cannizzo FT, Starvaggi Cucuzza L, Brina N, Biolatti B. Oxytocin precursor gene expression in bovine skeletal muscle is regulated by 17β-oestradiol and dexamethasone. Food Chem 2013; 141:4358-66. [PMID: 23993626 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Growth promoter administration, in livestock, potentially poses a major threat to public health, due to the potential endocrine and carcinogenic activity of residues, accumulating in edible tissues, such as skeletal muscle. Therefore, development of new screening tests and methods for the detection of illicit treatments of food animals would be useful. In this study the serum concentrations of oxytocin peptide were measured in beef cattle receiving 17β oestradiol, dexamethasone or placebo over a period of 40 days. Changes in gene expression of oxytocin precursor in skeletal muscle were also examined in these animals. Serum analysis using an oxytocin EIA kit indicated a significant up-regulation of the biosynthesis of this nonapeptide only in cattle after 17β oestradiol, but not after dexamethasone or placebo treatment. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis showed a significant overexpression of the oxytocin precursor gene by 33.5 and 13.3-fold in cattle treated with 17β oestradiol and dexamethasone, respectively, in comparison to placebo treated animals. Regulation of gene expression by some myogenic regulatory factors in skeletal muscle was also evaluated in these animal groups, confirming the activity of both growth promoters on this gene. To investigate the use of the oxytocin precursor gene as biomarker for 17β oestradiol and dexamethasone treatment in beef cattle, an absolute quantification of this gene by qPCR was developed. A standard curve was generated and developed with TaqMan® technology and optimal criterion value, sensitivity and specificity of this screening method were established through ROC analysis. This analysis suggested that the up-regulation of oxytocin precursor gene expression in skeletal muscle tissue is a valid marker for detection of illicit 17β oestradiol and/or dexamethasone use in beef cattle. This method may serve as a novel diagnostic tool in the screening phase, and, if introduced in routine testing, may significantly improve overall efficacy and success of the food screening process ordered by state authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Divari
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy.
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Treatment of dysferlinopathy with deflazacort: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2013; 8:26. [PMID: 23406536 PMCID: PMC3617000 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-8-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysferlinopathies are autosomal recessive disorders caused by mutations in the dysferlin (DYSF) gene encoding the dysferlin protein. DYSF mutations lead to a wide range of muscular phenotypes, with the most prominent being Miyoshi myopathy (MM) and limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B (LGMD2B). Methods We assessed the one-year-natural course of dysferlinopathy, and the safety and efficacy of deflazacort treatment in a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial. After one year of natural course without intervention, 25 patients with genetically defined dysferlinopathy were randomized to receive deflazacort and placebo for six months each (1 mg/kg/day in month one, 1 mg/kg every 2nd day during months two to six) in one of two treatment sequences. Results During one year of natural course, muscle strength declined about 2% as measured by CIDD (Clinical Investigation of Duchenne Dystrophy) score, and 76 Newton as measured by hand-held dynamometry. Deflazacort did not improve muscle strength. In contrast, there is a trend of worsening muscle strength under deflazacort treatment, which recovers after discontinuation of the study drug. During deflazacort treatment, patients showed a broad spectrum of steroid side effects. Conclusion Deflazacort is not an effective therapy for dysferlinopathies, and off-label use is not warranted. This is an important finding, since steroid treatment should not be administered in patients with dysferlinopathy, who may be often misdiagnosed as polymyositis. Trial registration This clinical trial was registered at http://www.ClincalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT00527228, and was always freely accessible to the public.
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Salani S, Donadoni C, Rizzo F, Bresolin N, Comi GP, Corti S. Generation of skeletal muscle cells from embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells as an in vitro model and for therapy of muscular dystrophies. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 16:1353-64. [PMID: 22129481 PMCID: PMC3823206 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01498.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders characterized by progressive muscle wasting and weakness likely associated with exhaustion of muscle regeneration potential. At present, no cures or efficacious treatments are available for these diseases, but cell transplantation could be a potential therapeutic strategy. Transplantation of myoblasts using satellite cells or other myogenic cell populations has been attempted to promote muscle regeneration, based on the hypothesis that the donor cells repopulate the muscle and contribute to its regeneration. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and more recently induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could generate an unlimited source of differentiated cell types, including myogenic cells. Here we review the literature regarding the generation of myogenic cells considering the main techniques employed to date to elicit efficient differentiation of human and murine ESCs or iPSCs into skeletal muscle. We also critically analyse the possibility of using these cellular populations as an alternative source of myogenic cells for cell therapy of MDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Salani
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Dino Ferrari Centre, University of Milan, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
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Schoewel V, Marg A, Kunz S, Overkamp T, Siegert Carrazedo R, Zacharias U, Daniel PT, Spuler S. Dysferlin-peptides reallocate mutated dysferlin thereby restoring function. PLoS One 2012. [PMID: 23185377 PMCID: PMC3502493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the dysferlin gene cause the most frequent adult-onset limb girdle muscular dystrophy, LGMD2B. There is no therapy. Dysferlin is a membrane protein comprised of seven, beta-sheet enriched, C2 domains and is involved in Ca2+dependent sarcolemmal repair after minute wounding. On the protein level, point mutations in DYSF lead to misfolding, aggregation within the endoplasmic reticulum, and amyloidogenesis. We aimed to restore functionality by relocating mutant dysferlin. Therefore, we designed short peptides derived from dysferlin itself and labeled them to the cell penetrating peptide TAT. By tracking fluorescently labeled short peptides we show that these dysferlin-peptides localize in the endoplasmic reticulum. There, they are capable of reducing unfolded protein response stress. We demonstrate that the mutant dysferlin regains function in membrane repair in primary human myotubes derived from patients’ myoblasts by the laser wounding assay and a novel technique to investigate membrane repair: the interventional atomic force microscopy. Mutant dysferlin abuts to the sarcolemma after peptide treatment. The peptide-mediated approach has not been taken before in the field of muscular dystrophies. Our results could redirect treatment efforts for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Schoewel
- Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Marg
- Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Severine Kunz
- Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Overkamp
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology, University Medical Center Charité, Campus Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Romy Siegert Carrazedo
- Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Zacharias
- Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter T. Daniel
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology, University Medical Center Charité, Campus Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Spuler
- Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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36
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Pegolo S, Gallina G, Montesissa C, Capolongo F, Ferraresso S, Pellizzari C, Poppi L, Castagnaro M, Bargelloni L. Transcriptomic markers meet the real world: finding diagnostic signatures of corticosteroid treatment in commercial beef samples. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8:205. [PMID: 23110699 PMCID: PMC3541986 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of growth-promoters in beef cattle, despite the EU ban, remains a frequent practice. The use of transcriptomic markers has already proposed to identify indirect evidence of anabolic hormone treatment. So far, such approach has been tested in experimentally treated animals. Here, for the first time commercial samples were analyzed. Results Quantitative determination of Dexamethasone (DEX) residues in the urine collected at the slaughterhouse was performed by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). DNA-microarray technology was used to obtain transcriptomic profiles of skeletal muscle in commercial samples and negative controls. LC-MS confirmed the presence of low level of DEX residues in the urine of the commercial samples suspect for histological classification. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on microarray data identified two clusters of samples. One cluster included negative controls and a subset of commercial samples, while a second cluster included part of the specimens collected at the slaughterhouse together with positives for corticosteroid treatment based on thymus histology and LC-MS. Functional analysis of the differentially expressed genes (3961) between the two groups provided further evidence that animals clustering with positive samples might have been treated with corticosteroids. These suspect samples could be reliably classified with a specific classification tool (Prediction Analysis of Microarray) using just two genes. Conclusions Despite broad variation observed in gene expression profiles, the present study showed that DNA-microarrays can be used to find transcriptomic signatures of putative anabolic treatments and that gene expression markers could represent a useful screening tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pegolo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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Pansters NA, Langen RC, Wouters EF, Schols AM. Synergistic stimulation of myogenesis by glucocorticoid and IGF-I signaling. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 114:1329-39. [PMID: 22936724 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00503.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle wasting is associated with poor prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Exercise stimulates muscle recovery, but its efficacy is variable, depending on the clinical condition and medical treatment. Systemic glucocorticoids, commonly administered in high doses during acute disease exacerbations or as maintenance treatment in end-stage disease, are known to contribute to muscle wasting. As muscle mass recovery involves insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I signaling, which can be stimulated by anabolic steroids, the impact of glucocorticoids and the effect of simultaneous IGF-I stimulation by anabolic steroids on muscle recovery and growth were investigated. The effects of, and interactions between, glucocorticoid and IGF-I signaling on skeletal muscle growth were assessed in differentiating C2C12 myocytes. As proof of principle, we performed a post hoc analysis stratifying patients by glucocorticoid use of a clinical trial investigating the efficacy of anabolic steroid supplementation on muscle recovery in muscle-wasted patients with COPD. Glucocorticoids strongly impaired protein synthesis signaling, myotube formation, and muscle-specific protein expression. In contrast, in the presence of glucocorticoids, IGF-I synergistically stimulated myotube fusion and myofibrillar protein expression, which corresponded with restored protein synthesis signaling by IGF-I and increased transcriptional activation of muscle-specific genes by glucocorticoids. In COPD patients on maintenance glucocorticoid treatment, the clinical trial also revealed an enhanced effect of anabolic steroids on muscle mass and respiratory muscle strength. In conclusion, synergistic effects of anabolic steroids and glucocorticoids on muscle recovery may be caused by relief of the glucocorticoid-imposed blockade on protein synthesis signaling, allowing effective translation of glucocorticoid-induced accumulation of muscle-specific gene transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Pansters
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Cohen TV, Cohen JE, Partridge TA. Myogenesis in dysferlin-deficient myoblasts is inhibited by an intrinsic inflammatory response. Neuromuscul Disord 2012; 22:648-58. [PMID: 22560623 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B results from mutations in dysferlin, a membrane-associated protein involved in cellular membrane repair. Primary myoblast cultures derived from dysferlinopathy patients show reduced myogenic potential, suggesting that dysferlin may regulate myotube fusion and be required for muscle regeneration. These observations contrast with the findings that muscle develops normally in pre-symptomatic dysferlinopathy patients. To better understand the role of dysferlin in myogenesis, we investigated this process in vitro using cells derived from two mouse models of dysferlinopathy: SJL/J and A/J mice. We observed that myotubes derived from dysferlin-deficient muscle were of significantly smaller diameters, contained fewer myonuclei, and displayed reduced myogenic gene expression compared to dysferlin-sufficient cells. Together, these findings suggest that the absence of dysferlin from myoblasts is detrimental to myogenesis. Pro-inflammatory NFκB signaling was upregulated in dysferlin-deficient myotubes; the anti-inflammatory agent celastrol reduced the NFκB activation and improved myogenesis in dysferlin-deficient cultures. The results suggest that decreased myotube fusion in dysferlin deficiency is attributable to intrinsic inflammatory activation and can be improved using anti-inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana V Cohen
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
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Azakir BA, Di Fulvio S, Kinter J, Sinnreich M. Proteasomal inhibition restores biological function of mis-sense mutated dysferlin in patient-derived muscle cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:10344-10354. [PMID: 22318734 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.329078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysferlin is a transmembrane protein implicated in surface membrane repair of muscle cells. Mutations in dysferlin cause the progressive muscular dystrophies Miyoshi myopathy, limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2B, and distal anterior compartment myopathy. Dysferlinopathies are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, and many patients with this disease harbor mis-sense mutations in at least one of their two pathogenic DYSF alleles. These patients have significantly reduced or absent dysferlin levels in skeletal muscle, suggesting that dysferlin encoded by mis-sense alleles is rapidly degraded by the cellular quality control system. We reasoned that mis-sense mutated dysferlin, if salvaged from degradation, might be biologically functional. We used a dysferlin-deficient human myoblast culture harboring the common R555W mis-sense allele and a DYSF-null allele, as well as control human myoblast cultures harboring either two wild-type or two null alleles. We measured dysferlin protein and mRNA levels, resealing kinetics of laser-induced plasmalemmal wounds, myotube formation, and cellular viability after treatment of the human myoblast cultures with the proteasome inhibitors lactacystin or bortezomib (Velcade). We show that endogenous R555W mis-sense mutated dysferlin is degraded by the proteasomal system. Inhibition of the proteasome by lactacystin or Velcade increases the levels of R555W mis-sense mutated dysferlin. This salvaged protein is functional as it restores plasma membrane resealing in patient-derived myoblasts and reverses their deficit in myotube formation. Bortezomib and lactacystin did not cause cellular toxicity at the regimen used. Our results raise the possibility that inhibition of the degradation pathway of mis-sense mutated dysferlin could be used as a therapeutic strategy for patients harboring certain dysferlin mis-sense mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal A Azakir
- Neuromuscular Research Group, Departments of Neurology and Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Di Fulvio
- Neuromuscular Research Group, Departments of Neurology and Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Kinter
- Neuromuscular Research Group, Departments of Neurology and Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Sinnreich
- Neuromuscular Research Group, Departments of Neurology and Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
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Philippi S, Bigot A, Marg A, Mouly V, Spuler S, Zacharias U. Dysferlin-deficient immortalized human myoblasts and myotubes as a useful tool to study dysferlinopathy. PLOS CURRENTS 2012; 4:RRN1298. [PMID: 22367358 PMCID: PMC3274833 DOI: 10.1371/currents.rrn1298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dysferlin gene mutations causing LGMD2B are associated with defects in muscle membrane repair. Four stable cell lines have been established from primary human dysferlin-deficient myoblasts harbouring different mutations in the dysferlin gene. We have compared immortalized human myoblasts and myotubes carrying disease-causing mutations in dysferlin to their wild-type counterparts. Fusion of myoblasts into myotubes and expression of muscle-specific differentiation markers were investigated with special emphasis on dysferlin protein expression, subcellular localization and function in membrane repair. We found that the immortalized myoblasts and myotubes were virtually indistinguishable from their parental cell line for all of the criteria we investigated. They therefore will provide a very useful tool to further investigate dysferlin function and pathophysiology as well as to test therapeutic strategies at the cellular level.
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Dysferlin interacts with histone deacetylase 6 and increases alpha-tubulin acetylation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28563. [PMID: 22174839 PMCID: PMC3234273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysferlin is a multi-C2 domain transmembrane protein involved in a plethora of cellular functions, most notably in skeletal muscle membrane repair, but also in myogenesis, cellular adhesion and intercellular calcium signaling. We previously showed that dysferlin interacts with alpha-tubulin and microtubules in muscle cells. Microtubules are heavily reorganized during myogenesis to sustain growth and elongation of the nascent muscle fiber. Microtubule function is regulated by post-translational modifications, such as acetylation of its alpha-tubulin subunit, which is modulated by the histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) enzyme. In this study, we identified HDAC6 as a novel dysferlin-binding partner. Dysferlin prevents HDAC6 from deacetylating alpha-tubulin by physically binding to both the enzyme, via its C2D domain, and to the substrate, alpha-tubulin, via its C2A and C2B domains. We further show that dysferlin expression promotes alpha-tubulin acetylation, as well as increased microtubule resistance to, and recovery from, Nocodazole- and cold-induced depolymerization. By selectively inhibiting HDAC6 using Tubastatin A, we demonstrate that myotube formation was impaired when alpha-tubulin was hyperacetylated early in the myogenic process; however, myotube elongation occurred when alpha-tubulin was hyperacetylated in myotubes. This study suggests a novel role for dysferlin in myogenesis and identifies HDAC6 as a novel dysferlin-interacting protein.
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Humphrey GW, Mekhedov E, Blank PS, de Morree A, Pekkurnaz G, Nagaraju K, Zimmerberg J. GREG cells, a dysferlin-deficient myogenic mouse cell line. Exp Cell Res 2011; 318:127-35. [PMID: 22020321 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The dysferlinopathies (e.g. LGMD2b, Myoshi myopathy) are progressive, adult-onset muscle wasting syndromes caused by mutations in the gene coding for dysferlin. Dysferlin is a large (~200kDa) membrane-anchored protein, required for maintenance of plasmalemmal integrity in muscle fibers. To facilitate analysis of dysferlin function in muscle cells, we have established a dysferlin-deficient myogenic cell line (GREG cells) from the A/J mouse, a genetic model for dysferlinopathy. GREG cells have no detectable dysferlin expression, but proliferate normally in growth medium and fuse into functional myotubes in differentiation medium. GREG myotubes exhibit deficiencies in plasma membrane repair, as measured by laser wounding in the presence of FM1-43 dye. Under the wounding conditions used, the majority (~66%) of GREG myotubes lack membrane repair capacity, while no membrane repair deficiency was observed in dysferlin-normal C2C12 myotubes, assayed under the same conditions. We discuss the possibility that the observed heterogeneity in membrane resealing represents genetic compensation for dysferlin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen W Humphrey
- Program in Physical Biology, Eunice Kennedy Schriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Stella R, Biancotto G, Krogh M, Angeletti R, Pozza G, Sorgato MC, James P, Andrighetto I. Protein expression changes in skeletal muscle in response to growth promoter abuse in beef cattle. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:2744-57. [PMID: 21425879 DOI: 10.1021/pr101255c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The fraudulent treatment of cattle with growth promoting agents (GPAs) is a matter of great concern for the European Union (EU) authorities and consumers. It has been estimated that 10% of animals are being illegally treated in the EU. In contrast, only a much lower percentage of animals (<0.5%) are actually found as being noncompliant by conventional analytical methods. Thus, it has been proposed that methods should be developed that can detect the use of the substances via the biological effects of these substances on target organs, such as the alteration of protein expression profiles. Here we present a study aimed at evaluating if a correlation exists between the treatment with GPAs and alterations in the two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) protein pattern obtained from the biceps brachii skeletal muscle from mixed-bred cattle. After image analysis and statistical evaluation, protein spots that differentiate between treated and control groups were selected for analysis by mass spectrometry. A set of proteins could be defined that accurately detect the use of glucocorticoids and β(2)-agonists as growth promoters through the changes caused in muscle differentiation. As a further validation, we repeated the analysis using an independent set of samples from a strain of pure-bred cattle and verified these proteins by Western blot analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Stella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
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Abstract
Myoblast fusion contributes to muscle growth in development and during regeneration of mature muscle. Myoblasts fuse to each other as well as to multinucleate myotubes to enlarge the myofiber. The molecular mechanisms of myoblast fusion are incompletely understood. Adhesion, apposition, and membrane fusion are accompanied by cytoskeletal rearrangements. The ferlin family of proteins is implicated in human muscle disease and has been implicated in fusion events in muscle, including myoblast fusion, vesicle trafficking and membrane repair. Dysferlin was the first mammalian ferlin identified and it is now known that there are six different ferlins. Loss-of-function mutations in the dysferlin gene lead to limb girdle muscular dystrophy and the milder disorder Miyoshi Myopathy. Dysferlin is a membrane-associated protein that has been implicated in resealing disruptions in the muscle plasma membrane. Newer data supports a broader role for dysferlin in intracellular vesicular movement, a process also important for resealing. Myoferlin is highly expressed in myoblasts that undergoing fusion, and the absence of myoferlin leads to impaired myoblast fusion. Myoferlin also regulates intracellular trafficking events, including endocytic recycling, a process where internalized vesicles are returned to the plasma membrane. The trafficking role of ferlin proteins is reviewed herein with a specific focus as to how this machinery alters myogenesis and muscle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery D Posey
- Genomics and Systems Biology, Committee on Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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