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Buchignani B, Marinella G, Pasquariello R, Sgherri G, Frosini S, Santorelli FM, Orsini A, Battini R, Astrea G. KLHL40-Related Myopathy: A Systematic Review and Insight into a Follow-up Biomarker via a New Case Report. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:208. [PMID: 38397198 PMCID: PMC10887776 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the KLHL40 gene are a common cause of severe or even lethal nemaline myopathy. Some cases with mild forms have been described, although the cases are still anecdotal. The aim of this paper was to systematically review the cases described in the literature and to describe a 12-year clinical and imaging follow-up in an Italian patient with KLHL40- related myopathy in order to suggest possible follow-up measurements. METHODS Having searched through three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO), 18 articles describing 65 patients with homozygous or compound heterozygous KLHL40 mutations were selected. A patient with a KLHL40 homozygous mutation (c.1582G>A/p.E528K) was added and clinical and genetic data were collected. RESULTS The most common mutation identified in our systematic review was the (c.1516A>C) followed by the (c.1582G>A). In our review, 60% percent of the patients died within the first 4 years of life. Clinical features were similar across the sample. Unfortunately, however, there is no record of the natural history data in the surviving patients. The 12-year follow-up of our patient revealed a slow improvement in her clinical course, identifying muscle MRI as the only possible marker of disease progression. CONCLUSIONS Due to its clinical and genotype homogeneity, KLHL40-related myopathy may be a condition that would greatly benefit from the development of new gene therapies; muscle MRI could be a good biomarker to monitor disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Buchignani
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (B.B.); (G.M.); (R.P.); (G.S.); (S.F.); (G.A.)
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gemma Marinella
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (B.B.); (G.M.); (R.P.); (G.S.); (S.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Rosa Pasquariello
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (B.B.); (G.M.); (R.P.); (G.S.); (S.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Giada Sgherri
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (B.B.); (G.M.); (R.P.); (G.S.); (S.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Silvia Frosini
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (B.B.); (G.M.); (R.P.); (G.S.); (S.F.); (G.A.)
| | | | - Alessandro Orsini
- Pediatric Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, 56100 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Roberta Battini
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (B.B.); (G.M.); (R.P.); (G.S.); (S.F.); (G.A.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Guja Astrea
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (B.B.); (G.M.); (R.P.); (G.S.); (S.F.); (G.A.)
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Dofash LNH, Monahan GV, Servián-Morilla E, Rivas E, Faiz F, Sullivan P, Oates E, Clayton J, Taylor RL, Davis MR, Beilharz T, Laing NG, Cabrera-Serrano M, Ravenscroft G. A KLHL40 3' UTR splice-altering variant causes milder NEM8, an under-appreciated disease mechanism. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:1127-1136. [PMID: 36322148 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nemaline myopathy 8 (NEM8) is typically a severe autosomal recessive disorder associated with variants in the kelch-like family member 40 gene (KLHL40). Common features include fetal akinesia, fractures, contractures, dysphagia, respiratory failure and neonatal death. Here, we describe a 26-year-old man with relatively mild NEM8. He presented with hypotonia and bilateral femur fractures at birth, later developing bilateral Achilles' contractures, scoliosis, and elbow and knee contractures. He had walking difficulties throughout childhood and became wheelchair bound from age 13 after prolonged immobilization. Muscle magnetic resonance imaging at age 13 indicated prominent fat replacement in his pelvic girdle, posterior compartments of thighs and vastus intermedius. Muscle biopsy revealed nemaline bodies and intranuclear rods. RNA sequencing and western blotting of patient skeletal muscle indicated significant reduction in KLHL40 mRNA and protein, respectively. Using gene panel screening, exome sequencing and RNA sequencing, we identified compound heterozygous variants in KLHL40; a truncating 10.9 kb deletion in trans with a likely pathogenic variant (c.*152G > T) in the 3' untranslated region (UTR). Computational tools SpliceAI and Introme predicted the c.*152G > T variant created a cryptic donor splice site. RNA-seq and in vitro analyses indicated that the c.*152G > T variant induces multiple de novo splicing events that likely provoke nonsense mediated decay of KLHL40 mRNA explaining the loss of mRNA expression and protein abundance in the patient. Analysis of 3' UTR variants in ClinVar suggests variants that introduce aberrant 3' UTR splicing may be underrecognized in Mendelian disease. We encourage consideration of this mechanism during variant curation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lein N H Dofash
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Gavin V Monahan
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Emilia Servián-Morilla
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Eloy Rivas
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Fathimath Faiz
- Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Patricia Sullivan
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Emily Oates
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Joshua Clayton
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Rhonda L Taylor
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Mark R Davis
- Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Traude Beilharz
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton 3800 Victoria, Australia
| | - Nigel G Laing
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Macarena Cabrera-Serrano
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/CSIC, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Gianina Ravenscroft
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
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3
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Skrypnyk C, Husain AA, Hassan HY, Ahmed J, Darwish A, Almusalam L, Ben Khalaf N, Al Qashar F. Case report: Homozygous variants of NEB and KLHL40 in two Arab patients with nemaline myopathy. Front Genet 2023; 14:1098102. [PMID: 37025449 PMCID: PMC10070974 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1098102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Nemaline myopathies are a heterogeneous group of congenital myopathies caused by mutations in different genes associated with the structural and functional proteins of thin muscular filaments. Most patients have congenital onset characterized by hypotonia, respiratory issues, and abnormal deep tendon reflexes, which is a phenotype encountered in a wide spectrum of neuromuscular disorders. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) contributes to a faster diagnosis and facilitates genetic counseling. Methods: Here, we report on two Arab patients from consanguineous families diagnosed with nemaline myopathy of different phenotype spectrum severities. Results: Clinical assessment and particular prenatal history raised suspicion of neuromuscular disease. WES identified homozygous variants in NEB and KLHL40. Muscle biopsy and muscle magnetic resonance imaging studies linked the genetic testing results to the clinical phenotype. The novel variant in the NEB gene resulted in a classical type 2 nemaline myopathy, while the KLHL40 gene variant led to a severe phenotype of nemaline myopathy, type 8. Both patients were identified as having other gene variants with uncertain roles in their complex phenotypes. Conclusions: This study enriches the phenotypic spectrum of nemaline myopathy caused by NEB and KLHL40 variants and highlights the importance of detailed prenatal, neonatal, and infancy assessments of muscular weakness associated with complex systemic features. Variants of uncertain significance in genes associated with nemaline myopathy may be correlated with the phenotype. Early, multidisciplinary intervention can improve the outcome in patients with mild forms of nemaline myopathies. WES is essential for clarifying complex clinical phenotypes encountered in patients from consanguineous families. Targeted carrier screening of extended family members would enable accurate genetic counseling and potential genetic prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Skrypnyk
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Al‐Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center, King Abdulla Medical City, Manama, Bahrain
- *Correspondence: Cristina Skrypnyk,
| | - Aseel Ahmed Husain
- Department of Pediatrics, Bahrain Defence Force Hospital, Royal Medical Services, Riffa, Bahrain
| | - Hisham Y. Hassan
- Banoon ART and Cytogenetics Centre, Bahrain Defence Force Hospital, Royal Medical Services, Riffa, Bahrain
| | - Jameel Ahmed
- Radiology Department, University Medical Center, King Abdulla Medical City, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Abdulla Darwish
- Department of Pathology, Bahrain Defence Force Hospital, Royal Medical Services, Riffa, Bahrain
| | - Latifa Almusalam
- Department of Pathology, Bahrain Defence Force Hospital, Royal Medical Services, Riffa, Bahrain
| | - Noureddine Ben Khalaf
- Life Sciences Department, Health Biotechnology Program, College of Graduate Studies, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Fahad Al Qashar
- Department of Pediatrics, Bahrain Defence Force Hospital, Royal Medical Services, Riffa, Bahrain
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Nemaline Myopathy in Brazilian Patients: Molecular and Clinical Characterization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911995. [PMID: 36233295 PMCID: PMC9569467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Nemaline myopathy (NM), a structural congenital myopathy, presents a significant clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Here, we compiled molecular and clinical data of 30 Brazilian patients from 25 unrelated families. Next-generation sequencing was able to genetically classify all patients: sixteen families (64%) with mutation in NEB, five (20%) in ACTA1, two (8%) in KLHL40, and one in TPM2 (4%) and TPM3 (4%). In the NEB-related families, 25 different variants, 11 of them novel, were identified; splice site (10/25) and frame shift (9/25) mutations were the most common. Mutation c.24579 G>C was recurrent in three unrelated patients from the same region, suggesting a common ancestor. Clinically, the “typical” form was the more frequent and caused by mutations in the different NM genes. Phenotypic heterogeneity was observed among patients with mutations in the same gene. Respiratory involvement was very common and often out of proportion with limb weakness. Muscle MRI patterns showed variability within the forms and genes, which was related to the severity of the weakness. Considering the high frequency of NEB mutations and the complexity of this gene, NGS tools should be combined with CNV identification, especially in patients with a likely non-identified second mutation.
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Fisher G, Mackels L, Markati T, Sarkozy A, Ochala J, Jungbluth H, Ramdas S, Servais L. Early clinical and pre-clinical therapy development in Nemaline myopathy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:853-867. [PMID: 36524401 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2157258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nemaline myopathies (NM) represent a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous congenital muscle disorders with the common denominator of nemaline rods on muscle biopsy. NEB and ACTA1 are the most common causative genes. Currently, available treatments are supportive. AREAS COVERED We explored experimental treatments for NM, identifying at least eleven mainly pre-clinical approaches utilizing murine and/or human muscle cells. These approaches target either i) the causative gene or associated genes implicated in the same pathway; ii) pathophysiologically relevant biochemical mechanisms such as calcium/myosin regulation of muscle contraction; iii) myogenesis; iv) other therapies that improve or optimize muscle function more generally; v) and/or combinations of the above. The scope and efficiency of these attempts is diverse, ranging from gene-specific effects to those widely applicable to all NM-associated genes. EXPERT OPINION The wide range of experimental therapies currently under consideration for NM is promising. Potential translation into clinical use requires consideration of additional factors such as the potential muscle type specificity as well as the possibility of gene expression remodeling. Challenges in clinical translation include the rarity and heterogeneity of genotypes, phenotypes, and disease trajectories, as well as the lack of longitudinal natural history data and validated outcomes and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Fisher
- MDUK Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Laurane Mackels
- MDUK Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Neuromuscular Reference Center, University and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Theodora Markati
- MDUK Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna Sarkozy
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Julien Ochala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heinz Jungbluth
- Department of Paediatric Neurology - Neuromuscular Service, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signalling Section, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine (FoLSM), King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sithara Ramdas
- MDUK Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Paediatric Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Laurent Servais
- MDUK Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Neuromuscular Reference Center, University and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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6
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Christophers B, Lopez MA, Gupta VA, Vogel H, Baylies M. Pediatric Nemaline Myopathy: A Systematic Review Using Individual Patient Data. J Child Neurol 2022; 37:652-663. [PMID: 36960434 PMCID: PMC10032635 DOI: 10.1177/08830738221096316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nemaline myopathy is a skeletal muscle disease that affects 1 in 50 000 live births. The objective of this study was to develop a narrative synthesis of the findings of a systematic review of the latest case descriptions of patients with NM. A systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus was performed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines using the keywords pediatric, child, NM, nemaline rod, and rod myopathy. Case studies focused on pediatric NM and published in English between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2020, in order to represent the most recent findings. Information was collected about the age of first signs, earliest presenting neuromuscular signs and symptoms, systems affected, progression, death, pathologic description, and genetic changes. Of a total of 385 records, 55 case reports or series were reviewed, covering 101 pediatric patients from 23 countries. We review varying presentations in children ranging in severity despite being caused by the same mutation, in addition to current and future clinical considerations relevant to the care of patients with NM. This review synthesizes genetic, histopathologic, and disease presentation findings from pediatric NM case reports. These data strengthen our understanding of the wide spectrum of disease seen in NM. Future studies are needed to identify the underlying molecular mechanism of pathology, to improve diagnostics, and to develop better methods to improve the quality of life for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Christophers
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Vandana A. Gupta
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Mary Baylies
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA
- Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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7
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Yuan H, Wang Q, Zeng X, He P, Xu W, Guo H, Liu Y, Lin Y. Clinical and molecular analysis of four unrelated Chinese families with pathogenic KLHL40 variants causing nemaline myopathy 8. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:149. [PMID: 35379254 PMCID: PMC8981653 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Homozygous or compound heterozygous variants in the KLHL40 gene cause nemaline myopathy 8 (NEM8), a severe autosomal recessive muscle disorder characterized by prenatal polyhydramnios, fetal akinesia or hypokinesia, joint contractures, fractures, respiratory failure and dysphagia. Currently, 46 individuals with NEM8 have been described in the literature, and 30 variants in KLHL40 have been identified.
Results Here, we reported five individuals from four unrelated Chinese families who presented common features of nemaline myopathy and infrequent clinical characteristics. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was used to identify the causative gene. WES identified a recurrent missense variant c.1516A>C (p.Thr506Pro) and a novel frameshift variant c.543del (p.Ser182Profs*17) in KLHL40 in patient 1, a nonsense variant c.602G>A (p.Trp201*) and a missense variant c.1516A>C (p.Thr506Pro) in KLHL40 in patient 2, and homozygous variant c.1516A>C (p.Thr506Pro) in KLHL40 in patient 3 and both siblings (patients 4 and 5), all of which were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Next, we estimated the incidence of this disorder in the southern and northern Chinese population to be 4.59/106 and 2.95/106, respectively, based on the cumulative allele frequency of pathogenic variants in internal database. Conclusion The results of our study expand the mutation spectrum of KLHL40 and enrich our understanding of the clinical characteristics of NEM8. Genetic counseling was provided for the four families involved in this study. Given the severity and the relatively high incidence of this condition, we strongly suggest that KLHL40 be incorporated into a carrier screening panel for the Chinese population. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-022-02306-9.
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8
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Blondelle J, Biju A, Lange S. The Role of Cullin-RING Ligases in Striated Muscle Development, Function, and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7936. [PMID: 33114658 PMCID: PMC7672578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The well-orchestrated turnover of proteins in cross-striated muscles is one of the fundamental processes required for muscle cell function and survival. Dysfunction of the intricate protein degradation machinery is often associated with development of cardiac and skeletal muscle myopathies. Most muscle proteins are degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). The UPS involves a number of enzymes, including E3-ligases, which tightly control which protein substrates are marked for degradation by the proteasome. Recent data reveal that E3-ligases of the cullin family play more diverse and crucial roles in cross striated muscles than previously anticipated. This review highlights some of the findings on the multifaceted functions of cullin-RING E3-ligases, their substrate adapters, muscle protein substrates, and regulatory proteins, such as the Cop9 signalosome, for the development of cross striated muscles, and their roles in the etiology of myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Blondelle
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrea Biju
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Stephan Lange
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Lee HCH, Wong S, Leung FYK, Ho LC, Chan SKT, Fung THS, Kwan KF, Yau KCE, Li KW, Yau WN, Leung HKC, Chen SPL, Mak CM. Founder Mutation c.1516A>C in KLHL40 Is a Frequent Cause of Nemaline Myopathy With Hyponatremia in Ethnic Chinese. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 78:854-864. [PMID: 31360996 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
KLHL40-related nemaline myopathy is a severe autosomal recessive muscle disorder. The current study describes 4 cases of KLHL40-related nemaline myopathy in Hong Kong ethnic Chinese presenting within 3 years, which are confirmed with clinicopathologic features and genetic studies. The incidence is estimated to be at least 1 in 45 226 livebirths (at least 1 in 41 608 among ethnic Chinese livebirths) in Hong Kong. Hyponatremia appears to be another common feature in these patients. Salient histological features include nemaline bodies ranging from 200 to 500 nm in diameters on ultrastructural examination as well as negative KLHL40 immunohistochemistry; type II fiber predominance is obvious in 2 cases. We demonstrate the founder effect associated with genetic variant c.1516A>C (p.Thr506Pro) by polymorphic marker analysis, which revealed a 0.56-0.75-Mb or 0.41-0.78-cM shared haplotype encompassing the disease allele. The mutation is believed to have occurred around 412 generations ago or 6220 BCE, as estimated using DMLE+ and a formula described by Boehnke. We believe the founder variant might possibly underlie a sizable portion of nemaline myopathy in ethnic Chinese. Analysis of the KLHL40 gene may be considered as the first-tier testing of congenital myopathy in this ethnic group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shun Wong
- Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital.,Pathology Department, St. Paul's Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kin-Cheong Eric Yau
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital
| | - Ka-Wah Li
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Wai-Nang Yau
- Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital
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Abstract
The congenital myopathies form a large clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders. Currently mutations in at least 27 different genes have been reported to cause a congenital myopathy, but the number is expected to increase due to the accelerated use of next-generation sequencing methods. There is substantial overlap between the causative genes and the clinical and histopathologic features of the congenital myopathies. The mode of inheritance can be autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant or X-linked. Both dominant and recessive mutations in the same gene can cause a similar disease phenotype, and the same clinical phenotype can also be caused by mutations in different genes. Clear genotype-phenotype correlations are few and far between.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Pelin
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Carina Wallgren-Pettersson
- The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Huang K, Luo YE, Li QX, Duan HQ, Bi FF, Yang H, Luo YB. [Clinical, pathological and genetic studies of two cases of childhood-onset nemaline myopathy]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2018; 20:804-808. [PMID: 30369353 PMCID: PMC7389041 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This article reports two cases of childhood-onset nemaline myopathy diagnosed by muscle pathology and genetic diagnosis. The two patients had onset in early childhood, with muscle weakness as the first manifestation, as well as long disease duration and slow progression. Gomori staining and hematoxylin-eosin staining showed red-stained rods in the sarcoplasmic cytoplasm and sarcolemma under a light microscope. Electron microscopy showed that the dense nemaline rods were located under the muscle fiber sarcolemma and parallel to the long axis of the muscle fibers, and some muscle fiber myofilaments were dissolved and necrotic. Gene testing found that one of the two patients had heterozygous mutation (c.1013A>C) in the ACTA1 gene, and the other had compound heterozygous mutation (c.18676C>T and c.9812C>A) in the NEB gene. The two mutations were more common in nemaline myopathy. Nemaline myopathy is a recessive or dominant inheritance myopathy, in which the nemaline rod in the cytoplasm of myocytes is a characteristic muscle pathological change. Pathological and genetic diagnosis is the gold standard for diagnosis of nemaline myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
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12
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Chao T, Ji Z, Hou L, Wang J, Zhang C, Wang G, Wang J. Sheep skeletal muscle transcriptome analysis reveals muscle growth regulatory lncRNAs. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4619. [PMID: 29666768 PMCID: PMC5899421 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As widely distributed domestic animals, sheep are an important species and the source of mutton. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the regulatory lncRNAs associated with muscle growth and development between high production mutton sheep (Dorper sheep and Qianhua Mutton Merino sheep) and low production mutton sheep (Small-tailed Han sheep). In total, 39 lncRNAs were found to be differentially expressed. Using co-expression analysis and functional annotation, 1,206 co-expression interactions were found between 32 lncRNAs and 369 genes, and 29 of these lncRNAs were found to be associated with muscle development, metabolism, cell proliferation and apoptosis. lncRNA–mRNA interactions revealed 6 lncRNAs as hub lncRNAs. Moreover, three lncRNAs and their associated co-expressed genes were demonstrated by cis-regulatory gene analyses, and we also found a potential regulatory relationship between the pseudogene lncRNA LOC101121401 and its parent gene FTH1. This study provides a genome-wide resolution of lncRNA and mRNA regulation in muscles from mutton sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianle Chao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Zhibin Ji
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Hou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Chunlan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Guizhi Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
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13
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Abbott M, Jain M, Pferdehirt R, Chen Y, Tran A, Duz MB, Seven M, Gibbs RA, Muzny D, Lee B, Marom R, Burrage LC. Neonatal fractures as a presenting feature of LMOD3-associated congenital myopathy. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:2789-2794. [PMID: 28815944 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nemaline myopathy is a rare inherited disorder characterized by weakness, hypotonia, and depressed deep tendon reflexes. It is clinically and genetically heterogeneous, with the most severe phenotype presenting as perinatal akinesia, severe muscle weakness, feeding difficulties and respiratory failure, leading to early mortality. Pathogenic variants in 12 genes, encoding components of the sarcomere or factors related to myogenesis, have been reported in patients affected with the disorder. Here, we describe an early, lethal presentation of decreased fetal movements, hypotonia, muscle weakness, and neonatal respiratory failure requiring ventilator support in three siblings from a consanguineous family. All exhibited perinatal fractures, and thus, a skeletal dysplasia was considered as possibly contributing to the phenotype. However, whole exome sequencing revealed a homozygous, loss-of-function pathogenic variant in LMOD3, which has recently been associated with nemaline myopathy and, in a subset of patients, perinatal fractures. This case demonstrates the importance of considering congenital neuromuscular disorders in the differential diagnosis of perinatal fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Abbott
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Mahim Jain
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Rachel Pferdehirt
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Alyssa Tran
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Mehmet B Duz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Seven
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Donna Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ronit Marom
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lindsay C Burrage
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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