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Erban T, Sopko B, Klimov PB, Hubert J. Mixta mediterraneensis as a novel and abundant gut symbiont of the allergen-producing domestic mite Blomia tropicalis. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2024; 92:161-181. [PMID: 38227156 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00875-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Blomia tropicalis is an allergen-producing mite in the human environment in tropical regions. The microbiome of B. tropicalis was described using the barcode sequencing region of V4 16S rDNA and genome assemblage. Mixta mediterraneensis, previously isolated from human skin swabs, was identified as a B. tropicalis gut symbiont based on genome assembly. The microbiome contains two bacteria, Staphylococcus and M. mediterraneensis. The number of M. mediterraneensis 16S DNA copies was 106 per mite and 109 per feces in the rearing chamber based on qPCR quantification. The profile of this bacterium reached 50% of reads in the mite gut and feces. Genomic analyses revealed that the bacterium has several metabolic pathways that suggest metabolic cooperation with the mite host in vitamin and amino acid synthesis, nitrogen recycling, and antimicrobial defense. Lysozyme is present in the symbiotic bacterium but absent in the mite. The B. tropicalis microbiome contained Staphylococcus, which accelerates mite population growth. Mites can digest Staphylococcus by using specific enzymes with hydrolytic functions against bacterial cell walls (chitinases and cathepsin D), leading to endocytosis of bacteria and their degradation in lysosomes and phagosomes. Gene expression analysis of B. tropicalis indicated that phagocytosis was mediated by the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway interacting with the invasins produced by M. mediterraneensis. Moreover, the symbiont had metabolic pathways that allowed it to recycle the mite metabolic waste product guanine, known as a mite attractant. The mite host symbiont enhances mite aggregation in the feces, and the fecal-oral transmission route is excepted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Erban
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, 161 06, Prague 6 - Ruzyne, Czechia
| | - Bruno Sopko
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, 161 06, Prague 6 - Ruzyne, Czechia
| | - Pavel B Klimov
- Purdue University, Lilly Hall of Life Sciences, G-225, 915 W State St, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jan Hubert
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, 161 06, Prague 6 - Ruzyne, Czechia.
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czechia.
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Crosby KC, Rojas M, Sharma P, Johnson MA, Mazloom R, Kvitko BH, Smits THM, Venter SN, Coutinho TA, Heath LS, Palmer M, Vinatzer BA. Genomic delineation and description of species and within-species lineages in the genus Pantoea. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1254999. [PMID: 38029109 PMCID: PMC10665919 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1254999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As the name of the genus Pantoea ("of all sorts and sources") suggests, this genus includes bacteria with a wide range of provenances, including plants, animals, soils, components of the water cycle, and humans. Some members of the genus are pathogenic to plants, and some are suspected to be opportunistic human pathogens; while others are used as microbial pesticides or show promise in biotechnological applications. During its taxonomic history, the genus and its species have seen many revisions. However, evolutionary and comparative genomics studies have started to provide a solid foundation for a more stable taxonomy. To move further toward this goal, we have built a 2,509-gene core genome tree of 437 public genome sequences representing the currently known diversity of the genus Pantoea. Clades were evaluated for being evolutionarily and ecologically significant by determining bootstrap support, gene content differences, and recent recombination events. These results were then integrated with genome metadata, published literature, descriptions of named species with standing in nomenclature, and circumscriptions of yet-unnamed species clusters, 15 of which we assigned names under the nascent SeqCode. Finally, genome-based circumscriptions and descriptions of each species and each significant genetic lineage within species were uploaded to the LINbase Web server so that newly sequenced genomes of isolates belonging to any of these groups could be precisely and accurately identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C. Crosby
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Mariah Rojas
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Parul Sharma
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Marcela A. Johnson
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Reza Mazloom
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Brian H. Kvitko
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Theo H. M. Smits
- Environmental Genomics and System Biology Research Group, Institute of Natural Resource Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Stephanus N. Venter
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Teresa A. Coutinho
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Lenwood S. Heath
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Marike Palmer
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Boris A. Vinatzer
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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