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Malovan G, Hierzberger B, Suraci S, Schaefer M, Santos K, Jha S, Macheroux P. The emerging role of dipeptidyl peptidase 3 in pathophysiology. FEBS J 2022; 290:2246-2262. [PMID: 35278345 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 3 (DPP3), a zinc-dependent aminopeptidase, is a highly conserved enzyme among higher animals. The enzyme cleaves dipeptides from the N-terminus of tetra- to decapeptides, thereby taking part in activation as well as degradation of signalling peptides critical in physiological and pathological processes such as blood pressure regulation, nociception, inflammation and cancer. Besides its catalytic activity, DPP3 moonlights as a regulator of the cellular oxidative stress response pathway, e.g., the Keap1-Nrf2 mediated antioxidative response. The enzyme is also recognized as a key modulator of the renin-angiotensin system. Recently, DPP3 has been attracting growing attention within the scientific community, which has significantly augmented our knowledge of its physiological relevance. Herein, we review recent advances in our understanding of the structure and catalytic activity of DPP3, with a focus on attributing its molecular architecture and catalytic mechanism to its wide-ranging biological functions. We further highlight recent intriguing reports that implicate a broader role for DPP3 as a valuable biomarker in cardiovascular and renal pathologies and furthermore discuss its potential as a promising drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Malovan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Austria
| | | | - Samuele Suraci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Maximilian Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.,4TEEN4 Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Hennigsdorf, Germany.,Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Shalinee Jha
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Austria
| | - Peter Macheroux
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Austria
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Kaufmann P, Muenzner M, Kästorf M, Santos K, Hartmann T, Dienelt A, Rehfeld L, Bergmann A. A novel and highly efficient purification procedure for native human dipeptidyl peptidase 3 from human blood cell lysate. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220866. [PMID: 31390378 PMCID: PMC6685676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl amino-peptidase 3 (DPP3) is an aminopeptidase involved in peptide degradation, including hormone peptides as angiotensin II and enkephalins. DPP3 plasma activity increases in septic patients and correlates with mortality risk. However, the exact physiological role of DPP3 remains unclear and animal studies are necessary to reveal the function of DPP3 in vivo. To this demand, we developed a two-step purification procedure for isolation of native human DPP3 from blood cell lysate (BCL) that is suitable for in vivo applications. With the use of monoclonal antibodies coupled to beads in combination with an ion-exchange chromatography, we recovered 68% of human DPP3 activity from BCL with a purity of ≥ 95%. Purified human DPP3 was assayed for activity and protein concentration using recently published DPP3-activity- and immunoassays. Additionally, protein stability and storage in relevant buffers were tested. Our results provide a promising strategy for fast and efficient isolation of human DPP3. The purified human DPP3 represents the native state of DPP3, suitable for future in vivo applications to investigate the physiological role of DPP3 and its involvement in pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Anke Dienelt
- Sphingotec Therapeutics GmbH, Hennigsdorf, Germany
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Katsounas A, Wilting KR, Lempicki RA, Schlaak JF, Gerken G. Microarrays-Enabled Hypothesis Generation: The Suspect Role of FNBP-1 in Neuropsychiatric Pathogenesis Associated with HIV and/or HCV Infection. JOURNAL OF AIDS & CLINICAL RESEARCH 2016; 7:641. [PMID: 28255515 PMCID: PMC5330367 DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The spectrum of neuropsychiatric illness (NI) associated with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and/or the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is far reaching and significantly impacts the clinical presentation and outcome of infected persons; however, the etiological and pathophysiological background remains partially understood. The present work was aimed to investigate the potential significance of formin binding protein 1 (FNBP-1)-dependent pathways in NI-pathogenesis by elaborating on previous microarray-based research in HIV and/or HCV-infected patients receiving interferon-α (IFN-α) immunotherapy via a rigorous data mining procedure. METHODS Using microarray data of peripheral whole blood (PB) samples obtained from HCV mono-infected persons (n=25, Affymetrix® HG-U133A_2) 12 h before and after the 1st dose of pegylated IFN-α (PegIFN-α), we re-applied the same analytical algorithm that we had developed and published in an earlier study with HIV/HCV co-infected subjects (N=28, Affymetrix® HG-U133A), in order to evaluate reproducibility of potential NI-related molecular findings in an independent cohort. RESULTS Among 28 gene expression profiles (HIV/HCV: N=9 vs. HCV: N=19) selected by applying different thresholds (a Mean Fold Difference value (MFD) in gene expression of ≥ 0.38 (log2) and/or P value from <0.05 to ≤ 0.1) FNBP-1 was identified as the only overlapping marker, which also exhibited a consistent upregulation in association with the development of NI in both cohorts. Previous functional annotation analysis had classified FNBP-1 as molecule with significant enrichment in various brain tissues (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Our current findings are strongly arguing for intensifying research into the FNBP-1-related mechanisms that may be conferring risk for or resistance to HIV- and/or HCV-related NI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Katsounas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Laboratory of Immunopathogenesis and Bioinformatics, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - KR Wilting
- Department for Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (9713 GZ) Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - RA Lempicki
- Laboratory of Immunopathogenesis and Bioinformatics, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - JF Schlaak
- Evangelisches Klinikum Niederrhein gGmbH, Duisburg, Germany
| | - G Gerken
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
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Pang X, Shimizu A, Kurita S, Zankov DP, Takeuchi K, Yasuda-Yamahara M, Kume S, Ishida T, Ogita H. Novel Therapeutic Role for Dipeptidyl Peptidase III in the Treatment of Hypertension. Hypertension 2016; 68:630-41. [PMID: 27456521 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP III) cleaves dipeptide residues from the N terminus of polypeptides ranging from 3 to 10 amino acids in length and is implicated in pathophysiological processes through the breakdown of certain oligopeptides or their fragments. In this study, we newly identified the biochemical properties of DPP III for angiotensin II (Ang II), which consists of 8 amino acids. DPP III quickly and effectively digested Ang II with Km = 3.7×10(-6) mol/L. In the in vivo experiments, DPP III remarkably reduced blood pressure in Ang II-infused hypertensive mice without alteration of heart rate. DPP III did not affect hemodynamics in noradrenalin-induced hypertensive mice or normotensive mice, suggesting specificity for Ang II. When DPP III was intravenously injected every other day for 4 weeks after Ang II osmotic minipump implantation in mice, Ang II-induced cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy were significantly attenuated. This DPP III effect was at least similar to that caused by an angiotensin receptor blocker candesartan. Furthermore, administration of DPP III dramatically reduced the increase in urine albumin excretion and kidney injury and inflammation markers caused by Ang II infusion. Both DPP III and candesartan administration showed slight additive inhibition in the albumin excretion. These results reveal a novel potential use of DPP III in the treatment of hypertension and its protective effects on hypertension-sensitive organs, such as the heart and kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Pang
- From the Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (X.P., A.S., S.Kurita, D.P.Z., K.T., H.O.), Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology, Nephrology, and Neurology, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan (M.Y-Y., S.Kume); Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho, Japan (T.I.); and Department of Emergency, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China (X.P.)
| | - Akio Shimizu
- From the Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (X.P., A.S., S.Kurita, D.P.Z., K.T., H.O.), Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology, Nephrology, and Neurology, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan (M.Y-Y., S.Kume); Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho, Japan (T.I.); and Department of Emergency, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China (X.P.)
| | - Souichi Kurita
- From the Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (X.P., A.S., S.Kurita, D.P.Z., K.T., H.O.), Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology, Nephrology, and Neurology, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan (M.Y-Y., S.Kume); Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho, Japan (T.I.); and Department of Emergency, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China (X.P.)
| | - Dimitar P Zankov
- From the Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (X.P., A.S., S.Kurita, D.P.Z., K.T., H.O.), Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology, Nephrology, and Neurology, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan (M.Y-Y., S.Kume); Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho, Japan (T.I.); and Department of Emergency, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China (X.P.)
| | - Keisuke Takeuchi
- From the Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (X.P., A.S., S.Kurita, D.P.Z., K.T., H.O.), Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology, Nephrology, and Neurology, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan (M.Y-Y., S.Kume); Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho, Japan (T.I.); and Department of Emergency, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China (X.P.)
| | - Mako Yasuda-Yamahara
- From the Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (X.P., A.S., S.Kurita, D.P.Z., K.T., H.O.), Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology, Nephrology, and Neurology, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan (M.Y-Y., S.Kume); Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho, Japan (T.I.); and Department of Emergency, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China (X.P.)
| | - Shinji Kume
- From the Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (X.P., A.S., S.Kurita, D.P.Z., K.T., H.O.), Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology, Nephrology, and Neurology, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan (M.Y-Y., S.Kume); Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho, Japan (T.I.); and Department of Emergency, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China (X.P.)
| | - Tetsuo Ishida
- From the Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (X.P., A.S., S.Kurita, D.P.Z., K.T., H.O.), Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology, Nephrology, and Neurology, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan (M.Y-Y., S.Kume); Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho, Japan (T.I.); and Department of Emergency, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China (X.P.)
| | - Hisakazu Ogita
- From the Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (X.P., A.S., S.Kurita, D.P.Z., K.T., H.O.), Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology, Nephrology, and Neurology, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan (M.Y-Y., S.Kume); Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho, Japan (T.I.); and Department of Emergency, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China (X.P.).
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Katsounas A, Rasimas JJ, Schlaak JF, Lempicki RA, Rosenstein DL, Kottilil S. Interferon stimulated exonuclease gene 20 kDa links psychiatric events to distinct hepatitis C virus responses in human immunodeficiency virus positive patients. J Med Virol 2014; 86:1323-31. [PMID: 24782267 PMCID: PMC4114765 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection occurs frequently in patients with preexisting mental illness. Treatment for chronic hepatitis C using interferon formulations often increases risk for neuro-psychiatric symptoms. Pegylated-Interferon-α (PegIFN-α) remains crucial for attaining sustained virologic response (SVR); however, PegIFN-α based treatment is associated with psychiatric adverse effects, which require dose reduction and/or interruption. This study's main objective was to identify genes induced by PegIFN-α and expressed in the central nervous system and immune system, which could mediate the development of psychiatric toxicity in association with antiviral outcome. Using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/HCV co-infected donors (N = 28), DNA microarray analysis was performed and 21 differentially regulated genes were identified in patients with psychiatric toxicity versus those without. Using these 21 expression profiles a two-way-ANOVA was performed to select genes based on antiviral outcome and occurrence of neuro-psychiatric adverse events. Microarray analysis demonstrated that Interferon-stimulated-exonuclease-gene 20 kDa (ISG20) and Interferon-alpha-inducible-protein 27 (IFI27) were the most regulated genes (P < 0.05) between three groups that were built by combining antiviral outcome and neuro-psychiatric toxicity. Validation by bDNA assay confirmed that ISG20 expression levels were significantly associated with these outcomes (P < 0.035). Baseline levels and induction of ISG20 correlated independently with no occurrence of psychiatric adverse events and non-response to therapy (P < 0.001). Among the 21 genes that were associated with psychiatric adverse events and 20 Interferon-inducible genes (IFIGs) used as controls, only ISG20 expression was able to link PegIFN-α related neuro-psychiatric toxicity to distinct HCV-responses in patients co-infected with HIV and HCV in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Katsounas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Joseph J. Rasimas
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joerg F. Schlaak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Richard A. Lempicki
- Laboratory of Immunopathogenesis and Bioinformatics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Donald L. Rosenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7305, USA
| | - Shyam Kottilil
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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