1
|
Correa BHM, Becari L, Peliky Fontes MA, Simões-e-Silva AC, Kangussu LM. Involvement of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Stress: State of the Art and Research Perspectives. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1212-1228. [PMID: 34554902 PMCID: PMC9886820 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210719142300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Along with other canonical systems, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has shown important roles in stress. This system is a complex regulatory proteolytic cascade composed of various enzymes, peptides, and receptors. Besides the classical (ACE/Ang II/AT1 receptor) and the counter-regulatory (ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor) RAS axes, evidence indicates that nonclassical components, including Ang III, Ang IV, AT2 and AT4, can also be involved in stress. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS This comprehensive review summarizes the current knowledge on the participation of RAS components in different adverse environmental stimuli stressors, including air jet stress, cage switch stress, restraint stress, chronic unpredictable stress, neonatal isolation stress, and post-traumatic stress disorder. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In general, activation of the classical RAS axis potentiates stress-related cardiovascular, endocrine, and behavioral responses, while the stimulation of the counter-regulatory axis attenuates these effects. Pharmacological modulation in both axes is optimistic, offering promising perspectives for stress-related disorders treatment. In this regard, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers are potential candidates already available since they block the classical axis, activate the counter-regulatory axis, and are safe and efficient drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo H. M. Correa
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil;
| | - Luca Becari
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil;
| | - Marco Antônio Peliky Fontes
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics - Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil;
| | - Ana Cristina Simões-e-Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucas M. Kangussu
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil; ,Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute – Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Tel: (+55-31) 3409-2772; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tomeo RA, Gomes-de-Souza L, Benini R, Reis-Silva LL, Crestani CC. Site-Specific Regulation of Stress Responses Along the Rostrocaudal Axis of the Insular Cortex in Rats. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:878927. [PMID: 35620667 PMCID: PMC9127339 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.878927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The insular cortex (IC) has been described as a part of the central network implicated in the integration and processing of limbic information, being related to the behavioral and physiological responses to stressful events. Besides, a site-specific control of physiological functions has been reported along the rostrocaudal axis of the IC. However, a functional topography of the IC in the regulation of stress responses has never been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of acute restraint stress in neuronal activation at different sites along the rostrocaudal axis of the IC. Furthermore, we evaluated the involvement of IC rostrocaudal subregions in the cardiovascular responses to acute restraint stress. We observed that an acute session of restraint stress increased the number of Fos-immunoreactive cells in the rostral posterior region of the IC, while fewer activated cells were identified in the anterior and caudal posterior regions. Bilateral injection of the non-selective synaptic inhibitor CoCl2 into the anterior region of the IC did not affect the blood pressure and heart rate increases and the sympathetically mediated cutaneous vasoconstriction to acute restraint stress. However, synaptic ablation of the rostral posterior IC decreased the restraint-evoked arterial pressure increase, whereas tachycardia was reduced in animals in which the caudal posterior IC was inhibited. Taken together, these pieces of evidence indicate a site-specific regulation of cardiovascular stress response along the rostrocaudal axis of the IC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carlos C. Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Coutinho DCO, Santos-Miranda A, Joviano-Santos JV, Foureaux G, Santos A, Rodrigues-Ferreira C, Martins-Júnior PA, Resende RR, Medei E, Vieyra A, Santos RAS, Cruz JS, Ferreira AJ. Diminazene Aceturate, an angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activator, promotes cardioprotection in ischemia/reperfusion-induced cardiac injury. Peptides 2022; 151:170746. [PMID: 35033621 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether the Diminazene Aceturate (DIZE), an angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activator, can revert cardiac dysfunction in ischemia reperfusion-induced (I/R) injury in animals and examine the mechanism underlying this effect. Wistar rats systemically received DIZE (1 mg/kg) for thirty days. Cardiac function in isolated rat hearts was evaluated using the Langendorff technique. After I/R, ventricular non-I/R and I/R samples were used to evaluate ATP levels. Mitochondrial function was assessed using cardiac permeabilized fibers and isolated cardiac mitochondria. Cardiac cellular electrophysiology was evaluated using the patch clamp technique. DIZE protected the heart after I/R from arrhythmia and cardiac dysfunction by preserving ATP levels, independently of any change in coronary flow and heart rate. DIZE improved mitochondrial function, increasing the capacity for generating ATP and reducing proton leak without changing the specific citrate synthase activity. The activation of the ACE2 remodeled cardiac electrical profiles, shortening the cardiac action potential duration at 90 % repolarization. Additionally, cardiomyocytes from DIZE-treated animals exhibited reduced sensibility to diazoxide (KATP agonist) and a higher KATP current compared to the controls. DIZE was able to improve mitochondrial function and modulate cardiac electrical variables with a cardio-protective profile, resulting in direct myocardial cell protection from I/R injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Artur Santos-Miranda
- Laboratory of CardioBiology, Department of Biophysics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Giselle Foureaux
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anderson Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Clara Rodrigues-Ferreira
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Martins-Júnior
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R Resende
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Emiliano Medei
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Vieyra
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robson A S Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jader S Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Barzegar M, Stokes KY, Chernyshev O, Kelley RE, Alexander JS. The Role of the ACE2/MasR Axis in Ischemic Stroke: New Insights for Therapy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1667. [PMID: 34829896 PMCID: PMC8615891 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke remains the leading cause of neurologically based morbidity and mortality. Current stroke treatment is limited to two classes of FDA-approved drugs: thrombolytic agents (tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)) and antithrombotic agents (aspirin and heparin), which have a narrow time-window (<4.5 h) for administration after onset of stroke symptoms. While thrombolytic agents restore perfusion, they carry serious risks for hemorrhage, and do not influence damage responses during reperfusion. Consequently, stroke therapies that can suppress deleterious effects of ischemic injury are desperately needed. Angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) has been recently suggested to beneficially influence experimental stroke outcomes by converting the vasoconstrictor Ang II into the vasodilator Ang 1-7. In this review, we extensively discuss the protective functions of ACE2-Ang (1-7)-MasR axis of renin angiotensin system (RAS) in ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mansoureh Barzegar
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Ochsner-LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA; (M.B.); (K.Y.S.)
| | - Karen Y. Stokes
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Ochsner-LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA; (M.B.); (K.Y.S.)
| | - Oleg Chernyshev
- Neurology, Ochsner-LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA; (O.C.); (R.E.K.)
| | - Roger E. Kelley
- Neurology, Ochsner-LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA; (O.C.); (R.E.K.)
| | - Jonathan S. Alexander
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Ochsner-LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA; (M.B.); (K.Y.S.)
- Neurology, Ochsner-LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA; (O.C.); (R.E.K.)
- Medicine, LSU Health Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ochsner-LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Oliveira LA, Pollo TRS, Rosa EA, Duarte JO, Xavier CH, Crestani CC. Both Prelimbic and Infralimbic Noradrenergic Neurotransmissions Modulate Cardiovascular Responses to Restraint Stress in Rats. Front Physiol 2021; 12:700540. [PMID: 34483957 PMCID: PMC8415160 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.700540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The prelimbic (PL) and infralimbic (IL) subareas of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) have been implicated in physiological and behavioral responses during aversive threats. The previous studies reported the noradrenaline release within the mPFC during stressful events, and the lesions of catecholaminergic terminals in this cortical structure affected stress-evoked local neuronal activation. Nevertheless, the role of mPFC adrenoceptors on cardiovascular responses during emotional stress is unknown. Thus, we investigated the role of adrenoceptors present within the PL and IL on the increase in both arterial pressure and heart rate (HR) and on the sympathetically mediated cutaneous vasoconstriction evoked by acute restraint stress. For this, bilateral guide cannulas were implanted into either the PL or IL of male rats. All animals were also subjected to catheter implantation into the femoral artery for cardiovascular recording. The increase in both arterial pressure and HR and the decrease in the tail skin temperature as an indirect measurement of sympathetically mediated cutaneous vasoconstriction were recorded during the restraint session. We observed that the microinjection of the selective α2-adrenoceptor antagonist RX821002 into either the PL or IL decreased the pressor response during restraint stress. Treatment of the PL or IL with either the α1-adrenoceptor antagonist WB4101 or the α2-adrenoceptor antagonist reduced the restraint-evoked tachycardia. The drop in the tail skin temperature was decreased by PL treatment with the β-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol and with the α1- or α2-adrenoceptor antagonists. The α2-adrenoceptor antagonist into the IL also decreased the skin temperature response. Our results suggest that the noradrenergic neurotransmission in both PL and IL mediates the cardiovascular responses to aversive threats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro A Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.,Joint Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) - São Paulo State University (UNESP) Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Taciana R S Pollo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Elinéia A Rosa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Josiane O Duarte
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.,Joint Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) - São Paulo State University (UNESP) Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Carlos H Xavier
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.,Joint Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) - São Paulo State University (UNESP) Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pousa PA, Souza RM, Melo PHM, Correa BHM, Mendonça TSC, Simões-e-Silva AC, Miranda DM. Telomere Shortening and Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review. Cells 2021; 10:1423. [PMID: 34200513 PMCID: PMC8227190 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are aging biomarkers, as they shorten while cells undergo mitosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether psychiatric disorders marked by psychological distress lead to alterations to telomere length (TL), corroborating the hypothesis that mental disorders might have a deeper impact on our physiology and aging than it was previously thought. A systematic search of the literature using MeSH descriptors of psychological distress ("Traumatic Stress Disorder" or "Anxiety Disorder" or "depression") and telomere length ("cellular senescence", "oxidative stress" and "telomere") was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane Library and ScienceDirect databases. A total of 56 studies (113,699 patients) measured the TL from individuals diagnosed with anxiety, depression and posttraumatic disorders and compared them with those from healthy subjects. Overall, TL negatively associates with distress-related mental disorders. The possible underlying molecular mechanisms that underly psychiatric diseases to telomere shortening include oxidative stress, inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction linking. It is still unclear whether psychological distress is either a cause or a consequence of telomere shortening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A. Pousa
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30130-100, Brazil; (P.A.P.); (R.M.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (B.H.M.C.); (T.S.C.M.); (A.C.S.-e.-S.)
| | - Raquel M. Souza
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30130-100, Brazil; (P.A.P.); (R.M.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (B.H.M.C.); (T.S.C.M.); (A.C.S.-e.-S.)
| | - Paulo Henrique M. Melo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30130-100, Brazil; (P.A.P.); (R.M.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (B.H.M.C.); (T.S.C.M.); (A.C.S.-e.-S.)
| | - Bernardo H. M. Correa
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30130-100, Brazil; (P.A.P.); (R.M.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (B.H.M.C.); (T.S.C.M.); (A.C.S.-e.-S.)
| | - Tamires S. C. Mendonça
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30130-100, Brazil; (P.A.P.); (R.M.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (B.H.M.C.); (T.S.C.M.); (A.C.S.-e.-S.)
| | - Ana Cristina Simões-e-Silva
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30130-100, Brazil; (P.A.P.); (R.M.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (B.H.M.C.); (T.S.C.M.); (A.C.S.-e.-S.)
| | - Débora M. Miranda
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30130-100, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
ACE2 in the renin-angiotensin system. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:3063-3078. [PMID: 33264412 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In 2020 we are celebrating the 20th anniversary of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) discovery. This event was a landmark that shaped the way that we see the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) today. ACE2 is an important molecular hub that connects the RAS classical arm, formed mainly by the octapeptide angiotensin II (Ang II) and its receptor AT1, with the RAS alternative or protective arm, formed mainly by the heptapeptides Ang-(1-7) and alamandine, and their receptors, Mas and MrgD, respectively. In this work we reviewed classical and modern literature to describe how ACE2 is a critical component of the protective arm, particularly in the context of the cardiac function, coagulation homeostasis and immune system. We also review recent literature to present a critical view of the role of ACE2 and RAS in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Collapse
|