1
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Rahimi Darehbagh R, Seyedoshohadaei SA, Ramezani R, Rezaei N. Stem cell therapies for neurological disorders: current progress, challenges, and future perspectives. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:386. [PMID: 39054501 PMCID: PMC11270957 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01987-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies have emerged as a promising approach for treating various neurological disorders by harnessing the regenerative potential of stem cells to restore damaged neural tissue and circuitry. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth analysis of the current state of stem cell applications in primary neurological conditions, including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS), stroke, spinal cord injury (SCI), and other related disorders. The review begins with a detailed introduction to stem cell biology, discussing the types, sources, and mechanisms of action of stem cells in neurological therapies. It then critically examines the preclinical evidence from animal models and early human trials investigating the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of different stem cell types, such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). While ESCs have been studied extensively in preclinical models, clinical trials have primarily focused on adult stem cells such as MSCs and NSCs, as well as iPSCs and their derivatives. We critically assess the current state of research for each cell type, highlighting their potential applications and limitations in different neurological conditions. The review synthesizes key findings from recent, high-quality studies for each neurological condition, discussing cell manufacturing, delivery methods, and therapeutic outcomes. While the potential of stem cells to replace lost neurons and directly reconstruct neural circuits is highlighted, the review emphasizes the critical role of paracrine and immunomodulatory mechanisms in mediating the therapeutic effects of stem cells in most neurological disorders. The article also explores the challenges and limitations associated with translating stem cell therapies into clinical practice, including issues related to cell sourcing, scalability, safety, and regulatory considerations. Furthermore, it discusses future directions and opportunities for advancing stem cell-based treatments, such as gene editing, biomaterials, personalized iPSC-derived therapies, and novel delivery strategies. The review concludes by emphasizing the transformative potential of stem cell therapies in revolutionizing the treatment of neurological disorders while acknowledging the need for rigorous clinical trials, standardized protocols, and multidisciplinary collaboration to realize their full therapeutic promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramyar Rahimi Darehbagh
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Nanoclub Elites Association, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | | | - Rojin Ramezani
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14194, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Trigo CM, Rodrigues JS, Camões SP, Solá S, Miranda JP. Mesenchymal stem cell secretome for regenerative medicine: Where do we stand? J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00181-4. [PMID: 38729561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies have yielded beneficial effects in a broad range of preclinical models and clinical trials for human diseases. In the context of MSC transplantation, it is widely recognized that the main mechanism for the regenerative potential of MSCs is not their differentiation, with in vivo data revealing transient and low engraftment rates. Instead, MSCs therapeutic effects are mainly attributed to its secretome, i.e., paracrine factors secreted by these cells, further offering a more attractive and innovative approach due to the effectiveness and safety of a cell-free product. AIM OF REVIEW In this review, we will discuss the potential benefits of MSC-derived secretome in regenerative medicine with particular focus on respiratory, hepatic, and neurological diseases. Both free and vesicular factors of MSC secretome will be detailed. We will also address novel potential strategies capable of improving their healing potential, namely by delivering important regenerative molecules according to specific diseases and tissue needs, as well as non-clinical and clinical studies that allow us to dissect their mechanisms of action. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW MSC-derived secretome includes both soluble and non-soluble factors, organized in extracellular vesicles (EVs). Importantly, besides depending on the cell origin, the characteristics and therapeutic potential of MSC secretome is deeply influenced by external stimuli, highlighting the possibility of optimizing their characteristics through preconditioning approaches. Nevertheless, the clarity around their mechanisms of action remains ambiguous, whereas the need for standardized procedures for the successful translation of those products to the clinics urges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina M Trigo
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana S Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sérgio P Camões
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana Solá
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana P Miranda
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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3
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Tahmasebi F, Asl ER, Vahidinia Z, Barati S. Stem Cell-Derived Exosomal MicroRNAs as Novel Potential Approach for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2024; 44:44. [PMID: 38713302 PMCID: PMC11076329 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-024-01478-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by inflammation and demyelination of CNS neurons. Up to now, there are many therapeutic strategies for MS but they are only being able to reduce progression of diseases and have not got any effect on repair and remyelination. Stem cell therapy is an appropriate method for regeneration but has limitations and problems. So recently, researches were used of exosomes that facilitate intercellular communication and transfer cell-to-cell biological information. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short non-coding RNAs that we can used to their dysregulation in order to diseases diagnosis. The miRNAs of microvesicles obtained stem cells may change the fate of transplanted cells based on received signals of injured regions. The miRNAs existing in MSCs may be displayed the cell type and their biological activities. Current studies show also that the miRNAs create communication between stem cells and tissue-injured cells. In the present review, firstly we discuss the role of miRNAs dysregulation in MS patients and miRNAs expression by stem cells. Finally, in this study was confirmed the relationship of microRNAs involved in MS and miRNAs expressed by stem cells and interaction between them in order to find appropriate treatment methods in future for limit to disability progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Tahmasebi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elmira Roshani Asl
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Zeinab Vahidinia
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Shirin Barati
- Department of Anatomy, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran.
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4
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Frid K, Usmann A, Markovits-Pachter T, Binyamin O, Petrou P, Kassis I, Karussis D, Gabizon R. Granagard administration prolongs the survival of human mesenchymal stem cells transplanted into a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2024; 389:578313. [PMID: 38401393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The clinical effect of human Mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) transplanted into EAE mice/MS patients is short lived due to poor survival of the transplanted cells. Since Granagard, a nanoformulation of pomegranate seed oil, extended the presence of Neuronal Stem cells transplanted into CJD mice brains, we tested whether this safe food supplement can also elongate the survival of hMSCs transplanted into EAE mice. Indeed, pathological studies 60 days post transplantation identified human cells only in brains of Granagard treated mice, concomitant with increased clinical activity. We conclude that Granagard may prolong the activity of stem cell transplantation in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Frid
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Israel; Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Areen Usmann
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Israel; Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tsipora Markovits-Pachter
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Israel; Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orli Binyamin
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Israel; Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Panayota Petrou
- Unit of Neuroimmunology and Cell therapies and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Israel
| | - Ibrahim Kassis
- Unit of Neuroimmunology and Cell therapies and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Israel
| | - Dimitri Karussis
- Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Unit of Neuroimmunology and Cell therapies and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Israel
| | - Ruth Gabizon
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Israel; Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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5
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Lohrasbi F, Ghasemi-Kasman M, Soghli N, Ghazvini S, Vaziri Z, Abdi S, Darban YM. The Journey of iPSC-derived OPCs in Demyelinating Disorders: From In vitro Generation to In vivo Transplantation. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1980-1991. [PMID: 36825702 PMCID: PMC10514531 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230220150010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of myelination is common among neurological diseases. It causes significant disability, even death, if it is not treated instantly. Different mechanisms involve the pathophysiology of demyelinating diseases, such as genetic background, infectious, and autoimmune inflammation. Recently, regenerative medicine and stem cell therapy have shown to be promising for the treatment of demyelinating disorders. Stem cells, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and adult stem cells (ASCs), can differentiate into oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), which may convert to oligodendrocytes (OLs) and recover myelination. IPSCs provide an endless source for OPCs generation. However, the restricted capacity of proliferation, differentiation, migration, and myelination of iPSC-derived OPCs is a notable gap for future studies. In this article, we have first reviewed stem cell therapy in demyelinating diseases. Secondly, methods of different protocols have been discussed among in vitro and in vivo studies on iPSC-derived OPCs to contrast OPCs' transplantation efficacy. Lastly, we have reviewed the results of iPSCs-derived OLs production in each demyelination model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Lohrasbi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghasemi-Kasman
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran
| | - Negar Soghli
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran
| | - Sobhan Ghazvini
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran
| | - Zahra Vaziri
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran
| | - Sadaf Abdi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran
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6
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Mojaverrostami S, Khadivi F, Zarini D, Mohammadi A. Combination effects of mesenchymal stem cells transplantation and anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on a cuprizone-induced mouse model of multiple sclerosis. J Mol Histol 2022; 53:817-831. [PMID: 35947228 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-022-10092-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) has no absolute treatment, and researchers are still exploring to introduce promising therapy for MS. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), is a safe, non-invasive procedure for brain stimulating which can enhance working memory, cognitive neurohabitation and motor recovery. Here, we evaluated the effects of tDCS treatment and Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation on remyelination ability of a Cuprizone (CPZ)-induced demyelination mouse model. tDCS significantly increased the motor coordination and balance abilities in CPZ + tDCS and CPZ + tDCS + MSCs mice in comparison to the CPZ mice. Luxol fast blue (LFB) staining showed that tDCS and MSCs transplantation could increase remyelination capacity in CPZ + tDCS and CPZ + MSCs mice compared to the CPZ mice. But, the effect of tDCS with MSCs transplantation on remyelination process was larger than each of treatment alone. Immunofluorescence technique indicated that the numbers of Olig2+ cells were increased by tDCS and MSCs transplantation in CPZ + tDCS and CPZ + MSCs mice compared to the CPZ mice. Interestingly, the combination effect of tDCS and MSCs was larger than each of treatment alone on Oligodendrocytes population. MSCs transplantation significantly decreased the TUNEL+ cells in CPZ + MSCs and CPZ + tDCS + MSCs mice in comparison to the CPZ mice. Also, the combination effects of tDCS and MSCs transplantation was much larger than each of treatment alone on increasing the mRNA expression of BDNF and Sox2, while decreasing P53 as compared to CPZ mice. It can be concluded that the combination usage of tDCS and MSCs transplantation enhance remyelination process in CPZ-treated mice by increasing transplanted stem cell homing, oligodendrocyte generation and decreasing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Mojaverrostami
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Khadivi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Zarini
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mohammadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Effects of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on spinal cord injury patients. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 389:373-384. [PMID: 35697943 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03648-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a traumatic injury with sensory and motor deficits that more than 1 million patients worldwide suffer from disability due to it. Many pharmacological therapies help reduce SCI-related injury and protect CNS from more damage but no current therapy could improve the axonal repair. In this regard, stem cell therapy is considered a regenerative method for SCI patient treatment. The neurotrophic and immunomodulatory factor secretion, differentiation, neuroprotecting, and remyelinating properties have made mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) principally useful in this field. There are studies on the role of MSCs in patients suffering from SCI. However, low number of SCI patients and the lack of control groups in these studies, the cell transplantation appropriate methods, including cell source, dose, route of delivery, and transplantation timing, are various in trials. This study reviews the beneficial effects of MSC transplantation in SCI clinical studies with a special focus on the MSC properties and limitations of MSC transplantation.
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8
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Yao XY, Xie L, Cai Y, Zhang Y, Deng Y, Gao MC, Wang YS, Xu HM, Ding J, Wu YF, Zhao N, Wang Z, Song YY, Wang LP, Xie C, Li ZZ, Wan WB, Lin Y, Jin HF, Wang K, Qiu HY, Zhuang L, Zhou Y, Jin YY, Ni LP, Yan JL, Guo Q, Xue JH, Qian BY, Guan YT. Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Treat Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (hUC-MSC-NMOSD): A Study Protocol for a Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Front Neurol 2022; 13:860083. [PMID: 35547390 PMCID: PMC9082633 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.860083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is severe relapsing and disabling autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Its optimal first-line treatment to reduce relapse rate and ameliorate neurological disability remains unclear. We will conduct a prospective, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial to study the safety and effectiveness of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) in treating NMOSD. Methods The trial is planned to recruit 430 AQP4-IgG seropositive NMOSD patients. It consists of three consecutive stages. The first stage will be carried out in the leading center only and aims to evaluate the safety of hUC-MSCs. Patients will be treated with three different doses of hUC-MSCs: 1, 2, or 5 × 106 MSC/kg·weight for the low-, medium-, and high-dose group, respectively. The second and third stages will be carried out in six centers. The second stage aims to find the optimal dosage. Patients will be 1:1:1:1 randomized into the low-, medium-, high-dose group and the controlled group. The third stage aims to evaluate the effectiveness. Patients will be 1:1 randomized into the optimal dose and the controlled group. The primary endpoint is the first recurrent time and secondary endpoints are the recurrent times, EDSS scores, MRI lesion numbers, OSIS scores, Hauser walking index, and SF-36 scores. Endpoint events and side effects will be evaluated every 3 months for 2 years. Discussion Although hUC-MSC has shown promising treatment effects of NMOSD in preclinical studies, there is still a lack of well-designed clinical trials to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of hUC-MSC among NMOSD patients. As far as we know, this trial will be the first one to systematically demonstrate the clinical safety and efficacy of hUC-MSC in treating NMOSD and might be able to determine the optimal dose of hUC-MSC for NMOSD patients. Trial registration The study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (CHICTR.org.cn) on 2 March 2016 (registration No. ChiCTR-INR-16008037), and the revised trial protocol (Protocol version 1.2.1) was released on 16 March 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Yao
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xie
- Clinical Research Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Deng
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Chun Gao
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Shu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Fan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze Wang
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Ying Song
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Xie
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze-Zhi Li
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Bin Wan
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Feng Jin
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Ying Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhuang
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Yan Jin
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ping Ni
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Li Yan
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Guo
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Hui Xue
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bi-Yun Qian
- Clinical Research Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Research Promotion and Development Center, Shanghai Hospital Development Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang-Tai Guan
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Sanooghi D, Lotfi A, Bagher Z, Barati S, Karimi A, Faghihi F, Lotfi E, Joghataei MT. Large-scale analysis of MicroRNA expression in motor neuron-like cells derived from human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5894. [PMID: 35393444 PMCID: PMC8991218 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09368-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor neuron diseases such as spinal cord injuries and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are known as the most common disorders worldwide. Using stem cells (e.g., human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells) is currently a potent medical approach for modulating the impact of neural damages and regeneration of spinal cord injuries. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are taken into account as principal regulators during differentiation. The miRNAs play a significant role in stem cell self-renewal and fate determination. There are few studies on how miRNAs regulate neural differentiation in stem cells. The purpose of this study is to explore miRNA profiles of CB-MSCs during differentiation into motor neuron-like cells. Human CB-MSCs were isolated and characterized using flow cytometry. Cell differentiation has been induced by combining retinoic acid (RA) and sonic hedgehog (Shh) in a two-step protocol for 14 days. Then, cell differentiation was confirmed by immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. The miRNA was analyzed using Illumina/Solexa sequencing platform. In this regard, three libraries were prepared to investigate the effect of these two biological morphogens on the miRNA profile of the differentiating cells. These libraries were Control (non-treated CB-MSCs), Test 1 (RA + /Shh +), and Test 2 (RA-/Shh-). Quantitative RT-PCR was employed to verify miRNA expression. CB-MSCs were spindle-shaped in morphology, and they did not express hematopoietic markers. After differentiation, the cells expressed motor neuron markers (i.e., Islet-1, SMI-32, and ChAT) at the protein level after 14 days. The analysis of miRNA sequencing demonstrated a significant up-regulation of miR-9-5p and miR-324-5p in Test 1 (RA + /Shh +). Also, there is a considerable down-regulation of mir-137 and let-7b in Test 2 (RA-/Shh-). These results have been obtained by comparing them with the Control library. Indeed, they were responsible for neuron and motor neuron differentiation and suppression of proliferation in neural progenitor cells. Furthermore, significant up-regulation was detected in some novel microRNAs involved in cholinergic, JAK-STAT, and Hedgehog and MAPK signaling pathways. CB-MSCs are potent to express motor neuron markers. This procedure has been performed by developing a two-week protocol and employing Shh and RA. The miRNA profile analysis showed a significant up-regulation in the expression of some miRs involved in neuron differentiation and motor neuron maturation. MiR-9-5p and miR-324-5p were up-regulated at the early stage of differentiation. Also, miR-137 and miR-let-7b were downregulated in the absence of RA and Shh. Furthermore, several novel miRNAs involved in cholinergic, Hedgehog, MAPK, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways have been detected. However, further studies are still necessary to validate their functions during motor neuron generation and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Sanooghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Lotfi
- Agricultural College of Damavand, Technical and Vocational University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Bagher
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Barati
- Department of Anatomy, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Afzal Karimi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Faghihi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Pad Nahad Tabiat Company, Ltd., Tehran, Iran.
| | - Erfan Lotfi
- School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Joghataei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Maeda A, Kikuiri T, Yoshimura Y, Yawaka Y, Shirakawa T. Bone resorption improvement by conditioned medium of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth in ovariectomized mice. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:299. [PMID: 35340871 PMCID: PMC8931624 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are mesenchymal stem cells with multipotent differentiation potential present in the dental pulp tissue of the deciduous teeth. SHED produce secretions that have immunomodulatory and regenerative functions. In the present study, we investigated the effects of SHED-conditioned medium (SHED-CM) on osteopenia induced by the ovariectomy (OVX) phenotype and its corresponding immunological changes. Eleven-week-old female C3H/HeJ mice were subjected to OVX. SHED-CM was administered intraperitoneally in these mice for 4 weeks starting immediately after OVX. SHED-CM improved bone mass after OVX and elevated the polarization of M2 macrophages in the peritoneal cavity. SHED-CM also suppressed an OVX-induced increase in interferon-γ (INF-γ) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) concentrations in the peripheral blood. Inhibition of M2 macrophage polarization with neutralizing antibodies did not reduce the concentration of IFN-γ and IL-17 in peripheral blood, which were increased by OVX, and did not alleviate osteopenia induced by the OVX phenotype. Mechanistically, these findings suggest that SHED-CM alleviates bone resorption by suppressing the activation of IFN-γ and IL-17 cells by polarizing M2 macrophages. In conclusion, our data indicate that SHED-CM contains active secretions that may have promising efficacy to ameliorate OVX-induced osteopenia. We suggest that SHED-CM has the potential to be used as a novel therapeutic agent to inhibit osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Maeda
- Department of Dentistry for Children and Disabled Individuals, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060‑8586, Japan
| | - Takashi Kikuiri
- Department of Dentistry for Children and Disabled Individuals, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060‑8586, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Yoshimura
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060‑8586, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Yawaka
- Department of Dentistry for Children and Disabled Individuals, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060‑8586, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Shirakawa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101‑8310, Japan
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11
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He J, Huang Y, Liu J, Lan Z, Tang X, Hu Z. The Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapies in Rodent Models of Multiple Sclerosis: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:711362. [PMID: 34512632 PMCID: PMC8427822 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.711362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated the potential of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) administration to promote functional recovery in preclinical studies of multiple sclerosis (MS), yet the effects of MSCs on remyelination are poorly understood. We wished to evaluate the therapeutic effects of MSCs on functional and histopathological outcomes in MS; therefore, we undertook an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical data on MSC therapy for MS. We searched mainstream databases from inception to July 15, 2021. Interventional studies of therapy using naïve MSCs in in vivo rodent models of MS were included. From each study, the clinical score was extracted as the functional outcome, and remyelination was measured as the histopathological outcome. Eighty-eight studies published from 2005 to 2021 met the inclusion criteria. Our results revealed an overall positive effect of MSCs on the functional outcome with a standardized mean difference (SMD) of −1.99 (95% confidence interval (CI): −2.32, −1.65; p = 0.000). MSCs promoted remyelination by an SMD of −2.31 (95% CI: −2.84, −1.79; p = 0.000). Significant heterogeneity among studies was observed. Altogether, our meta-analysis indicated that MSC administration improved functional recovery and promoted remyelination prominently in rodent models of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin He
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Huang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Jianyang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziwei Lan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangqi Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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12
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des Rieux A. Stem cells and their extracellular vesicles as natural and bioinspired carriers for the treatment of neurological disorders. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Shokati A, Naser Moghadasi A, Nikbakht M, Sahraian MA, Mousavi SA, Ai J. A focus on allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells as a versatile therapeutic tool for treating multiple sclerosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:400. [PMID: 34256857 PMCID: PMC8278627 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) chronic illness with autoimmune, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative effects characterized by neurological disorder and axonal loss signs due to myelin sheath autoimmune T cell attacks. Existing drugs, including disease-modifying drugs (DMD), help decrease the intensity and frequency of MS attacks, inflammatory conditions, and CNS protection from axonal damage. As they cannot improve axonal repair and show side effects, new therapeutic options are required. In this regard, due to their neuroprotection properties, immunomodulatory effects, and the ability to differentiate into neurons, the transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can be used for MS therapy. The use of adipose-derived MSCs (AdMSCs) or autologous bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs) has demonstrated unexpected effects including the invasive and painful isolation method, inadequate amounts of bone marrow (BM) stem cells, the anti-inflammatory impact reduction of AdMSCs that are isolated from fat patients, and the cell number and differentiation potential decrease with an increase in the age of BMSCs donor. Researchers have been trying to search for alternate tissue sources for MSCs, especially fetal annexes, which could offer a novel therapeutic choice for MS therapy due to the limitation of low cell yield and invasive collection methods of autologous MSCs. The transplantation of MSCs for MS treatment is discussed in this review. Finally, it is suggested that allogeneic sources of MSCs are an appealing alternative to autologous MSCs and could hence be a potential novel solution to MS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameneh Shokati
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Nikbakht
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Sahraian
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Asadollah Mousavi
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Ai
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Safaeinejad F, Asadi S, Ghafghazi S, Niknejad H. The Synergistic Anti-Apoptosis Effects of Amniotic Epithelial Stem Cell Conditioned Medium and Ponesimod on the Oligodendrocyte Cells. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:691099. [PMID: 34234678 PMCID: PMC8255610 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.691099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. The current treatment of Multiple sclerosis is based on anti-inflammatory disease-modifying treatments, which can not regenerate myelin and eventually neurons. So, we need new approaches for axonal protection and remyelination. Amniotic epithelial stem cells amniotic epithelial cells, as a neuroprotective and neurogenic agent, are a proper source in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Due to differentiation capability and secretion of growth factors, AECs can be a candidate for the treatment of MS. Moreover, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulators were recently approved by FDA for MS. Ponesimod is an S1P receptor-1 modulator that acts selectively as an anti-inflammatory agent and provides a suitable microenvironment for the function of the other neuroprotective agents. In this study, due to the characteristics of AECs, they are considered a treatment option in MS. The conditioned medium of AECs concurrently with ponesimod was used to evaluate the viability of the oligodendrocyte cell line after induction of cell death by cuprizone. Cell viability after treatment by conditioned medium and ponesimod was increased compared to untreated groups. Also, the results showed that combination therapy with CM and ponesimod had a synergistic anti-apoptotic effect on oligodendrocyte cells. The combination treatment with CM and ponesimod reduced the expression of caspase-3, caspase-8, Bax, and Annexin V proteins and increased the relative BCL-2/Bax ratio, indicating inhibition of apoptosis as a possible mechanism of action. Based on these promising results, combination therapy with amniotic stem cells and ponesimode could be a proper alternative for multiple sclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Safaeinejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sareh Asadi
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Ghafghazi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Niknejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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