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Asano R, Nakakido M, Pérez JF, Ise T, Caaveiro JMM, Nagata S, Tsumoto K. Crystal structures of human CD40 in complex with monoclonal antibodies dacetuzumab and bleselumab. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 714:149969. [PMID: 38657446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
CD40 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, and it is widely expressed on immune and non-immune cell types. The interaction between CD40 and the CD40 ligand (CD40L) plays an essential function in signaling, and the CD40/CD40L complex works as an immune checkpoint molecule. CD40 has become a therapeutic target, and a variety of agonistic/antagonistic anti-CD40 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been developed. To better understand the mode of action of anti-CD40 mAbs, we determined the X-ray crystal structures of dacetuzumab (agonist) and bleselumab (antagonist) in complex with the extracellular domain of human CD40, respectively. The structure reveals that dacetuzumab binds to CD40 on the top of cysteine-rich domain 1 (CRD1), which is the domain most distant from the cell surface, and it does not compete with CD40L binding. The binding interface of bleselumab spread between CRD2 and CRD1, overlapping with the binding surface of the ligand. Our results offer important insights for future structural and functional studies of CD40 and provide clues to understanding the mechanism of biological response. These data can be applied to developing new strategies for designing antibodies with more therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Asano
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakakido
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Jorge Fernández Pérez
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ise
- Laboratory of Antibody Design, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jose M M Caaveiro
- Department of Protein Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagata
- Laboratory of Antibody Design, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Medical Device Development and Regulation Research Center, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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López L, Lozano K, Cruz J, Flores K, Fernández-Vega L, Cunci L. Measurement of neuropeptide Y with molecularly imprinted polypyrrole on carbon fiber microelectrodes. Neuropeptides 2024; 104:102413. [PMID: 38335798 PMCID: PMC10940184 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2024.102413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The measurement of neuropeptides using small electrodes for high spatial resolution would provide us with localized information on the release of neuromolecules. The release of Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is related to different neurological diseases such as stress, obesity, and PTSD, among others. In this conference paper, we electrodeposited polypyrrole on carbon fiber microelectrodes in the presence of NPY to develop a molecularly imprinted polypyrrole sensitive to NPY. Optimization of the electrodeposition process resulted in the full coverage of the polymer with nucleation sites on the carbon fiber ridges, achieving completion by the seventh cycle. Electrodeposition was performed for five cycles, and using cyclic voltammetry (CV), we studied the change in the oxidation current peak for polypyrrole due to the presence of NPY. We also observed a change in capacitance due to the presence of NPY, which was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A linear correlation was found between the oxidation peak and the concentration of NPY between 50 ng/mL and 1000 ng/mL. In addition, a linear correlation was also found between microelectrode capacitance and the concentration of NPY between 50 ng/mL and 1000 ng/mL at 100 kHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis López
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico - Rio Piedras, 17 Ave Universidad Ste 1701, San Juan, PR 00931, United States
| | - Kelly Lozano
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Ana G. Méndez, Carr. 189, Km 3.3, Gurabo, PR 00778, United States
| | - John Cruz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico - Rio Piedras, 17 Ave Universidad Ste 1701, San Juan, PR 00931, United States
| | - Krystal Flores
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Ana G. Méndez, Carr. 189, Km 3.3, Gurabo, PR 00778, United States
| | - Lauren Fernández-Vega
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Ana G. Méndez, Carr. 189, Km 3.3, Gurabo, PR 00778, United States
| | - Lisandro Cunci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico - Rio Piedras, 17 Ave Universidad Ste 1701, San Juan, PR 00931, United States.
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Jiang T, Zheng T, Li R, Sun J, Luan X, Wang M. The role of NPY signaling pathway in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of stroke. Neuropeptides 2024; 104:102412. [PMID: 38330680 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2024.102412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY), an extensively distributed neurotransmitter within the central nervous system (CNS), was initially detected and isolated from the brain of a pig in 1982. By binding to its G protein-coupled receptors, NPY regulates immune responses and contributes to the pathogenesis of numerous inflammatory diseases. The hippocampus contained the maximum concentration in the CNS, with the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, thalamus, brainstem, and cerebellum following suit. This arrangement suggests that the substance has a specific function within the CNS. More and more studies have shown that NPY is involved in the physiological and pathological mechanism of stroke, and its serum concentration can be one of the specific biomarkers of stroke and related complications because of its high activity, broad and complex effects. By summarizing relevant literature, this article aims to gain a thorough understanding of the potential clinical applications of NPY in the treatment of stroke, identification of stroke and its related complications, and assessment of prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Ting Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Rundong Li
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xiaoqing Luan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Manxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China.
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Li Z, Dang Q, Wang P, Zhao F, Huang J, Wang C, Liu X, Min W. Food-Derived Peptides: Beneficial CNS Effects and Cross-BBB Transmission Strategies. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:20453-20478. [PMID: 38085598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Food-derived peptides, as dietary supplements, have significant effects on promoting brain health and relieving central nervous system (CNS) diseases. However, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) greatly limits their in-brain bioavailability. Thus, overcoming the BBB to target the CNS is a major challenge for bioactive peptides in the prevention and treatment of CNS diseases. This review discusses improvement in the neuroprotective function of food-derived active peptides in CNS diseases, as well as the source of BBB penetrating peptides (BBB-shuttles) and the mechanism of transmembrane transport. Notably, this review also discusses various peptide modification methods to overcome the low permeability and stability of the BBB. Lipification, glycosylation, introduction of disulfide bonds, and cyclization are effective strategies for improving the penetration efficiency of peptides through the BBB. This review provides a new prospective for improving their neuroprotective function and developing treatments to delay or even prevent CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Li
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, P.R. China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, ChangChun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Dang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, ChangChun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, P.R. China
| | - Fanrui Zhao
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, P.R. China
| | - Jianqin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, P.R. China
| | - Chongchong Wang
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, P.R. China
| | - Xingquan Liu
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, P.R. China
| | - Weihong Min
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, P.R. China
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Chen W, Binbin G, Lidan S, Qiang Z, Jing H. Evolution of peptide YY analogs for the management of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106808. [PMID: 37666110 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Peptide YY (PYY) is a gastrointestinal hormone consisting of 36 amino acids, that is predominantly secreted by intestinal l-cells. Originally extracted from pig intestines, it belongs to the pancreatic polypeptide (PP) family, but has functions distinct from those of PP and neuropeptide Y (NPY). PYY is a potential treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) because of its ability to delay gastric emptying, reduce appetite, decrease weight, and lower blood glucose. However, the clinical use of PYY is limited because it is rapidly cleared by the kidneys and degraded by enzymes. In recent years, researchers have conducted various structural modifications, including amino acid substitution, PEGylation, lipidation, and fusion of PYY with other proteins to prolong its half-life and enhance its biological activity. This study presents an overview of the recent progress on PYY, including its physiological functions, metabolites and structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Chen
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Gong Binbin
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Sun Lidan
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Zhou Qiang
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Han Jing
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
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Sánchez ML, Rodríguez FD, Coveñas R. Neuropeptide Y Peptide Family and Cancer: Antitumor Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9962. [PMID: 37373115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently available data on the involvement of neuropeptide Y (NPY), peptide YY (PYY), and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and their receptors (YRs) in cancer are updated. The structure and dynamics of YRs and their intracellular signaling pathways are also studied. The roles played by these peptides in 22 different cancer types are reviewed (e.g., breast cancer, colorectal cancer, Ewing sarcoma, liver cancer, melanoma, neuroblastoma, pancreatic cancer, pheochromocytoma, and prostate cancer). YRs could be used as cancer diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. A high Y1R expression has been correlated with lymph node metastasis, advanced stages, and perineural invasion; an increased Y5R expression with survival and tumor growth; and a high serum NPY level with relapse, metastasis, and poor survival. YRs mediate tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis; YR antagonists block the previous actions and promote the death of cancer cells. NPY favors tumor cell growth, migration, and metastasis and promotes angiogenesis in some tumors (e.g., breast cancer, colorectal cancer, neuroblastoma, pancreatic cancer), whereas in others it exerts an antitumor effect (e.g., cholangiocarcinoma, Ewing sarcoma, liver cancer). PYY or its fragments block tumor cell growth, migration, and invasion in breast, colorectal, esophageal, liver, pancreatic, and prostate cancer. Current data show the peptidergic system's high potential for cancer diagnosis, treatment, and support using Y2R/Y5R antagonists and NPY or PYY agonists as promising antitumor therapeutic strategies. Some important research lines to be developed in the future will also be suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Lisardo Sánchez
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla and León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Francisco D Rodríguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
- Group GIR-USAL: BMD (Bases Moleculares del Desarrollo), University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rafael Coveñas
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla and León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
- Group GIR-USAL: BMD (Bases Moleculares del Desarrollo), University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
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Qi Y, Lee NJ, Ip CK, Enriquez R, Tasan R, Zhang L, Herzog H. Agrp-negative arcuate NPY neurons drive feeding under positive energy balance via altering leptin responsiveness in POMC neurons. Cell Metab 2023:S1550-4131(23)00177-8. [PMID: 37201523 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) is known as one of the most critical regulators of feeding. However, how NPY promotes feeding under obese conditions is unclear. Here, we show that positive energy balance, induced by high-fat diet (HFD) or in genetically obese leptin-receptor-deficient mice, leads to elevated Npy2r expression especially on proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons, which also alters leptin responsiveness. Circuit mapping identified a subset of ARC agouti-related peptide (Agrp)-negative NPY neurons that control these Npy2r expressing POMC neurons. Chemogenetic activation of this newly discovered circuitry strongly drives feeding, while optogenetic inhibition reduces feeding. Consistent with that, lack of Npy2r on POMC neurons leads to reduced food intake and fat mass. This suggests that under energy surplus conditions, when ARC NPY levels generally drop, high-affinity NPY2R on POMC neurons is still able to drive food intake and enhance obesity development via NPY released predominantly from Agrp-negative NPY neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qi
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicola J Lee
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chi Kin Ip
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ronaldo Enriquez
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Ramon Tasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lei Zhang
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Herbert Herzog
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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