1
|
Tatum JL, Kalen JD, Jacobs PM, Riffle LA, James A, Thang L, Sanders C, Hollingshead MG, Basuli F, Shi J, Doroshow JH. 3'-[ 18F]fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine ([ 18F]FLT) Positron Emission Tomography as an In Vivo Biomarker of inhibition of CDK 4/6-Rb pathway by Palbociclib in a patient derived bladder tumor. J Transl Med 2022; 20:375. [PMID: 35982453 PMCID: PMC9389794 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03580-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several new generation CDK4/6 inhibitors have been developed and approved for breast cancer therapy in combination with endocrine therapeutics. Application of these inhibitors either alone or in combination in other solid tumors has been proposed, but no imaging biomarkers of response have been reported in non-breast cancer animal models. The purpose of this study was to evaluate 3'-[18F]fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine ([18F]FLT) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) as in vivo biomarker of response to palbociclib in a non-breast cancer model. Methods Twenty-four NSG mice bearing patient derived xenografts (PDX) of a well-characterized bladder tumor were randomized into 4 treatment groups: vehicle (n = 6); palbociclib (n = 6); temozolomide (n = 6); and palbociclib plus temozolomide (n = 6) and treated with two cycles of therapy or vehicle. Tumor uptake of [18F]FLT was determined by micro-PET/CT at baseline, 3 days, and 9 days post initiation of therapy. Following the second cycle of therapy, the mice were maintained until their tumors reached a size requiring humane termination. Results [18F]FLT uptake decreased significantly in the palbociclib and combination arms (p = 0.0423 and 0.0106 respectively at day 3 and 0.0012 and 0.0031 at day 9) with stable tumor volume. In the temozolomide arm [18F]FLT uptake increased with day 9 uptake significantly different than baseline (p = 0.0418) and progressive tumor growth was observed during the treatment phase. All groups exhibited progressive disease after day 22, 10 days following cessation of therapy. Conclusion Significant decreases in [18F]FLT uptake as early as three days post initiation of therapy with palbociclib, alone or in combination with temozolomide, in this bladder cancer model correlates with an absence of tumor growth during therapy that persists until day 18 for the palbociclib group and day 22 for the combination group (6 days and 10 days) following cessation of therapy. These results support early modulation of [18F]FLT as an in vivo biomarker predictive of palbociclib therapy response in a non-breast cancer model. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03580-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James L Tatum
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Joseph D Kalen
- Small Animal Imaging Program, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Paula M Jacobs
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Lisa A Riffle
- Small Animal Imaging Program, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Amy James
- Animal Research Technical Support, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Lai Thang
- Animal Research Technical Support, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Chelsea Sanders
- Animal Research Technical Support, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Melinda G Hollingshead
- Biological Testing Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Falguni Basuli
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jianfeng Shi
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - James H Doroshow
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Grierson JR, Brockenbrough JS, Rasey JS, Wiens L, Vesselle H. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of 5-fluoro-6-[(2-iminopyrrolidin-1-YL)methyl]uracil, TPI(F): an inhibitor of human thymidine phosphorylase (TP). NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2010; 29:49-54. [PMID: 20391192 DOI: 10.1080/15257770903451603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
An investigation was conducted to determine if the 5-fluoro analog of TPI (5-chloro-6-[(2-iminopyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl]uracil), a potent inhibitor of human thymidine phosphorylase (TP), has an IC(50) in a range that might allow to use it labeled for imaging of TP expression in vivo. The previously unreported fluoro analog, TPI(F), was prepared and tested against TPI and TPI(Br) using an inhibition assay of [H-3]thymidine cleavage. An assay, performed in the presence of 0.4 mg/ml of human TP, yielded IC(50) values of 2.5 nM, 2.7 nM, and 9.0 nM for TPI, TPI(Br), and TPI(F), respectively. The results indicate that further studies to develop (18)F-labeled TPI(F) as a potential radiopharmaceutical for PET imaging of TP expression in vivo are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John R Grierson
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Brockenbrough JS, Morihara JK, Hawes SE, Stern JE, Rasey JS, Wiens LW, Feng Q, Vesselle H. Thymidine kinase 1 and thymidine phosphorylase expression in non-small-cell lung carcinoma in relation to angiogenesis and proliferation. J Histochem Cytochem 2009; 57:1087-97. [PMID: 19654105 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.2009.952804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The thymidine salvage pathway enzymes thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) and thymidine phosphorylase (TP) compete for thymidine as a substrate and catalyze opposing synthetic and catabolic reactions that have been implicated in the control of proliferation and angiogenesis, respectively. We investigated the relationship between the expression of TK1 and TP as they relate to proliferation (Ki-67 labeling index) and angiogenesis (Chalkley count of CD31-stained blood vessels) in a series of 110 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors from patients prospectively enrolled in an imaging trial. TK1 and TP exhibited similar patterns of immunohistochemical distribution, in that each was found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of tumor cells. Each enzyme exhibited a significant positive correlation between its levels of nuclear and cytoplasmic expression. A significant positive correlation between TK1 expression and the Ki-67 labeling index (r = 0.53, p<0.001) was observed. TP was significantly positively correlated with Chalkley scoring of CD31 staining in high vs low Chalkley scoring samples (mean TP staining of 115.8 vs 79.9 scoring units, p<0.001), respectively. We did not observe a substantial inverse correlation between the TP and TK1 expression levels in the nuclear compartment (r = -0.17, p=0.08). Tumor size was not found to be associated with TK1, TP, Ki-67, or Chalkley score. These findings provide additional evidence for the role of thymidine metabolism in the complex interaction of proliferation and angiogenesis in NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Scott Brockenbrough
- , Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98195-7115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mukai T, Taketomi M, Tashiro M, Yamamoto F, Maeda M. 6-[(2-Iminopyrrolidinyl)methyl]-5-[125I]iodouracil as a potential thymidine phosphorylase-targeted radiopharmaceutical: synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
8
|
Nimmagadda S, Shields AF. The role of DNA synthesis imaging in cancer in the era of targeted therapeutics. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2008; 27:575-87. [PMID: 18512023 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-008-9148-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Non-specific targets such as DNA and microtubules have been the mainstay of cancer therapeutics and the most effective clinical agents until a decade ago. Advances in genetics, molecular and cellular biology over the past decade led to the development of a new generation of agents that are far more specific and effective. In contrast to progress seen with therapeutic agents, general monitoring targets such as proliferation imaging are just gaining momentum and targeted imaging is still in its infancy. In these paradoxical times, this review assesses the role of proliferation imaging in monitoring the efficacy of targeted therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Nimmagadda
- Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bijnsdorp IV, de Bruin M, Laan AC, Fukushima M, Peters GJ. The role of platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor/thymidine phosphorylase in tumor behavior. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2008; 27:681-91. [PMID: 18600526 DOI: 10.1080/15257770802143988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived endothelial cell growth-factor (PD-ECGF) is similar to the pyrimidine enzyme thymidine phosphorylase (TP). A high TP expression at tumor sites is correlated with tumor growth, induction of angiogenesis, and metastasis. Therefore, high TP is most likely associated with a poor prognosis. TP is not only expressed in tumor cells but also in tumor surrounding tissues, such as tumor infiltrating macrophages. TP catalyzes the conversion of thymidine to thymine and doxyribose-1-phosphate (dR-1-P). The latter in its parent form or in its sugar form, deoxyribose (dR) may play a role in the induction of angiogenesis. It may modulate cellular energy metabolism or be a substrate in a chemical reaction generating reactive oxygen species. L-deoxyribose (L-dR) and thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor (TPI) can reverse these effects. The mechanism of TP induction is not yet completely clear, but TNF, IL10 and other cytokines have been clearly shown to induce its expression. The various complex interactions of TP give it an essential role in cellular functioning and, hence, it is an ideal target in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I V Bijnsdorp
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|