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Zhu WJ, Kobayashi M, Yamada K, Nishi K, Takahashi K, Mizutani A, Nishii R, Flores LG, Shikano N, Kunishima M, Kawai K. Development of radioiodine labeled acetaminophen for specific, high-contrast imaging of malignant melanoma. Nucl Med Biol 2018; 59:16-21. [PMID: 29413752 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to its poor prognosis, specific imaging for early detection of malignant melanoma is strongly desired. Although radioiodine labeled 4-hydroxyphenylcysteamine, which we previously developed, has good affinity for tyrosinase, an enzyme in the melanin metabolic pathway, image contrast of the melanoma:organ ratios is not sufficiently high for detection of primary melanoma and metastases at early injection times. In this study, we developed radioiodine labeled acetaminophen (I-AP) for specific, high-contrast imaging of malignant melanoma. METHODS Radioiodine-125-labeled AP (125I-AP) was prepared using the chloramine-T method under no carrier-added conditions. Accumulation of radioactivity and the mechanism were evaluated in vitro using B16 melanoma cells incubated with 125I-AP or 14C(U)-labeled AP (14C-AP) with and without l-tyrosine as a substrate of tyrosinase, phenylthiourea as an inhibitor of tyrosinase, and thymidine as an inhibitor of DNA polymerase. The biological distribution of radioactivity in B16 melanoma-bearing mice was evaluated to determine the accumulation of 125I-AP. The stability of 125I-AP over time was evaluated in mice. RESULTS The labeling efficiency and radiochemical purity of 125I-AP were >80% and 95%, respectively. Accumulation of 125I-AP was higher than that of 14C-AP at 60 min of incubation in vitro. The affinity of 14C-AP for tyrosinase and DNA polymerase was higher than that of 125I-AP, whereas the Vmax of 125I-AP was higher than that of 14C-AP. 125I-AP showed the highest accumulation in the gall bladder, and clearance from the blood and kidney was rapid. Melanoma:muscle and melanoma:normal skin ratios of 125I-AP for imaging contrast were the highest at 15 min after injection, whereas the melanoma:blood and melanoma:bone ratios gradually increased over time. 125I-AP remained stable for 60 min after injection in mice. CONCLUSIONS 125I-AP has affinity for tyrosinase and high image contrast at early time points after injection. Therefore, 123I-AP imaging has great potential for specific, high-contrast detection of malignant melanoma. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: 123I-AP will provide specific, high-contrast imaging for malignant melanoma at early injection times. IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE: 123I-AP has good potential for the diagnosis of malignant melanoma compared with 123I-labeled 4-hydroxyphenylcysteamine, which we previously developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jing Zhu
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masato Kobayashi
- Wellness Promotion Science Center, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - Kohei Yamada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kodai Nishi
- Department of Radioisotope Medicine, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kotaro Takahashi
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Asuka Mizutani
- Graduate School of Medicine, Division of Health Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nishii
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Leo G Flores
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naoto Shikano
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Ibaraki Prefectural Sciences of Health Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Munetaka Kunishima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kawai
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; Biomedical Imaging Research Center, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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Sato E, Yamamoto T, Shikano N, Ogura M, Nakai K, Yoshida F, Uemae Y, Takada T, Isobe T, Matsumura A. Intracellular boron accumulation in CHO-K1 cells using amino acid transport control. Appl Radiat Isot 2013; 88:99-103. [PMID: 24388319 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BPA used in BNCT has a similar structure to some essential amino acids and is transported into tumor cells by amino acid transport systems. Previous study groups have tried various techniques of loading BPA to increase intracellular boron concentration. CHO-K1 cells demonstrate system L (LAT1) activity and are suitable for specifying the transport system of a neutral amino acid. In this study, we examined the intracellular accumulation of boron in CHO-K1 cells by amino acid transport control, which involves co-loading with L-type amino acid esters. Intracellular boron accumulation in CHO-K1 cells showed the greatest increased upon co-loading 1.0mM BPA, with 1.0mM l-Tyr-O-Et and incubating for 60min. This increase is caused by activation of a system L amino acid exchanger between BPA and l-Tyr. The amino acid esters are metabolized to amino acids by intracellular hydrolytic enzymes that increase the concentrations of intracellular amino acids and stimulate exchange transportation. We expect that this amino acid transport control will be useful for enhancing intracellular boron accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Sato
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Faculty of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoto Shikano
- Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, 4669-2 Ami, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masato Ogura
- Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, 4669-2 Ami, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kei Nakai
- Faculty of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Fumiyo Yoshida
- Faculty of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoji Uemae
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomoya Takada
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomonori Isobe
- Faculty of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akira Matsumura
- Faculty of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Boado RJ, Hui EKW, Lu JZ, Sumbria RK, Pardridge WM. Blood-brain barrier molecular trojan horse enables imaging of brain uptake of radioiodinated recombinant protein in the rhesus monkey. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:1741-9. [PMID: 24059813 DOI: 10.1021/bc400319d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant proteins are large molecule drugs that do not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, BBB-penetration of protein therapeutics is enabled by re-engineering the recombinant protein as IgG fusion proteins. The IgG domain is a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against an endogenous BBB receptor-mediated transport system, such as the human insulin receptor (HIR), and acts as a molecular Trojan horse to ferry the fused protein across the BBB. In the present study, a recombinant lysosomal enzyme, iduronate 2-sulfatase (IDS), is fused to the HIRMAb, and BBB penetration of the IDS alone vs the HIRMAb-IDS fusion protein is compared in the Rhesus monkey. Recombinant IDS and the HIRMAb-IDS fusion protein were radiolabeled with indirect iodination with the [(125)I]-Bolton-Hunter reagent and with direct iodination with Iodogen/[(125)I]-idodine. IDS and the HIRMAb-IDS fusion protein have comparable plasma pharmacokinetics and uptake by peripheral organs. IDS does not cross the BBB. The HIRMAb-IDS fusion protein crosses the BBB and the brain uptake is 1% of injected dose/brain. Brain imaging shows HIRMAb-IDS penetration to all parts of brain, and immunoprecipitation of brain radioactivity shows intact fusion protein in brain. The use of BBB molecular Trojan horses enables brain imaging of recombinant proteins that are re-engineered for BBB transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben J Boado
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
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