1
|
Prashanth G, Vastrad B, Tengli A, Vastrad C, Kotturshetti I. Investigation of candidate genes and mechanisms underlying obesity associated type 2 diabetes mellitus using bioinformatics analysis and screening of small drug molecules. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:80. [PMID: 33902539 PMCID: PMC8074411 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00718-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity associated type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder ; however, the etiology of obesity associated type 2 diabetes mellitus remains largely unknown. There is an urgent need to further broaden the understanding of the molecular mechanism associated in obesity associated type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS To screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that might play essential roles in obesity associated type 2 diabetes mellitus, the publicly available expression profiling by high throughput sequencing data (GSE143319) was downloaded and screened for DEGs. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) and REACTOME pathway enrichment analysis were performed. The protein - protein interaction network, miRNA - target genes regulatory network and TF-target gene regulatory network were constructed and analyzed for identification of hub and target genes. The hub genes were validated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and RT- PCR analysis. Finally, a molecular docking study was performed on over expressed proteins to predict the target small drug molecules. RESULTS A total of 820 DEGs were identified between healthy obese and metabolically unhealthy obese, among 409 up regulated and 411 down regulated genes. The GO enrichment analysis results showed that these DEGs were significantly enriched in ion transmembrane transport, intrinsic component of plasma membrane, transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups, cell adhesion, integral component of plasma membrane and signaling receptor binding, whereas, the REACTOME pathway enrichment analysis results showed that these DEGs were significantly enriched in integration of energy metabolism and extracellular matrix organization. The hub genes CEBPD, TP73, ESR2, TAB1, MAP 3K5, FN1, UBD, RUNX1, PIK3R2 and TNF, which might play an essential role in obesity associated type 2 diabetes mellitus was further screened. CONCLUSIONS The present study could deepen the understanding of the molecular mechanism of obesity associated type 2 diabetes mellitus, which could be useful in developing therapeutic targets for obesity associated type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Prashanth
- Department of General Medicine, Basaveshwara Medical College, Chitradurga, Karnataka, 577501, India
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Biochemistry, Basaveshwar College of Pharmacy, Gadag, Karnataka, 582103, India
| | - Anandkumar Tengli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysuru and JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570015, India
| | - Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580001, India.
| | - Iranna Kotturshetti
- Department of Ayurveda, Rajiv Gandhi Education Society`s Ayurvedic Medical College, Ron, Karnataka, 582209, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang YJ, Tayo BO, Bandyopadhyay A, Wang H, Feng T, Franceschini N, Tang H, Gao J, Sung YJ, Elston RC, Williams SM, Cooper RS, Mu TW, Zhu X. The association of the vanin-1 N131S variant with blood pressure is mediated by endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation and loss of function. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004641. [PMID: 25233454 PMCID: PMC4169380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High blood pressure (BP) is the most common cardiovascular risk factor worldwide and a major contributor to heart disease and stroke. We previously discovered a BP-associated missense SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism)–rs2272996–in the gene encoding vanin-1, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane pantetheinase. In the present study, we first replicated the association of rs2272996 and BP traits with a total sample size of nearly 30,000 individuals from the Continental Origins and Genetic Epidemiology Network (COGENT) of African Americans (P = 0.01). This association was further validated using patient plasma samples; we observed that the N131S mutation is associated with significantly lower plasma vanin-1 protein levels. We observed that the N131S vanin-1 is subjected to rapid endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) as the underlying mechanism for its reduction. Using HEK293 cells stably expressing vanin-1 variants, we showed that N131S vanin-1 was degraded significantly faster than wild type (WT) vanin-1. Consequently, there were only minimal quantities of variant vanin-1 present on the plasma membrane and greatly reduced pantetheinase activity. Application of MG-132, a proteasome inhibitor, resulted in accumulation of ubiquitinated variant protein. A further experiment demonstrated that atenolol and diltiazem, two current drugs for treating hypertension, reduce the vanin-1 protein level. Our study provides strong biological evidence for the association of the identified SNP with BP and suggests that vanin-1 misfolding and degradation are the underlying molecular mechanism. Hypertension (HTN) or high blood pressure (BP) is common worldwide and a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Identification of genetic variants of consequence for HTN serves as the molecular basis for its treatment. Using admixture mapping analysis of the Family Blood Pressure Program data, we recently identified that the VNN1 gene (encoding the protein vanin-1), in particular SNP rs2272996 (N131S), was associated with BP in both African Americans and Mexican Americans. Vanin-1 was reported to act as an oxidative stress sensor using its pantetheinase enzyme activity. Because a linkage between oxidative stress and HTN has been hypothesized for many years, vanin-1's pantetheinase activity offers a physiologic rationale for BP regulation. Here, we first replicated the association of rs2272996 with BP in the Continental Origins and Genetic Epidemiology Network (COGENT), which included nearly 30,000 African Americans. We further demonstrated that the N131S mutation in vanin-1 leads to its rapid degradation in cells, resulting in loss of function on the plasma membrane. The loss of function of vanin-1 is associated with reduced BP. Therefore, our results indicate that vanin-1 is a new candidate to be manipulated to ameliorate HTN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Juan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YJW); (XZ)
| | - Bamidele O. Tayo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Anupam Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Heming Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Tao Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Jianmin Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yun Ju Sung
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | | | - Robert C. Elston
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Scott M. Williams
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Richard S. Cooper
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ting-Wei Mu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YJW); (XZ)
| |
Collapse
|