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O'Connor S, Rudkowska I. Dietary Fatty Acids and the Metabolic Syndrome: A Personalized Nutrition Approach. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 87:43-146. [PMID: 30678820 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fatty acids are present in a wide variety of foods and appear in different forms and lengths. The different fatty acids are known to have various effects on metabolic health. The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of risk factors of chronic diseases. The etiology of the MetS is represented by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Dietary fatty acids can be important contributors of the evolution or in prevention of the MetS; however, great interindividual variability exists in the response to fatty acids. The identification of genetic variants interacting with fatty acids might explain this heterogeneity in metabolic responses. This chapter reviews the mechanisms underlying the interactions between the different components of the MetS, dietary fatty acids and genes. Challenges surrounding the implementation of personalized nutrition are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah O'Connor
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Iwona Rudkowska
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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3
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Nascimento H, Vieira E, Coimbra S, Catarino C, Costa E, Bronze-da-Rocha E, Rocha-Pereira P, Carvalho M, Ferreira Mansilha H, Rêgo C, Dos Santos R, Santos-Silva A, Belo L. Adipokine Gene Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Portuguese Obese Adolescents: Associations with Plasma Concentrations of Adiponectin, Resistin, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Child Obes 2016; 12:300-13. [PMID: 27159547 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2015.0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic contribution to obesity and to circulating adipokine levels has not been completely clarified. We aimed to evaluate adipokine genes' single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) prevalence and its association with circulating adipokine levels and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in an obese Portuguese pediatric population. METHODS Two hundred forty-eight obese adolescents (mean age 13.4 years old; 47.2% females) participated in a cohort study. We screened 12 SNPs by direct sequencing in five adipokine genes: adiponectin (ADIPOQ: rs16861194, rs17300539, rs266729, rs2241766, rs1501299), interleukin-1β (IL-1β; rs1143627), IL-6 (IL-6; rs1800795), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α; rs1800629), and resistin (RETN; rs1862513, rs3219177, rs3745367, rs3745368). Biochemical analysis included determination of circulating adipokines, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, lipid profile, and markers of insulin resistance. RESULTS Compared to males, females presented higher circulating levels of insulin, adiponectin, IL-6, resistin, and leptin concentrations, but lower TNF-α levels. No statistically significant differences were found for genotype or allelic distributions between genders. In the whole sample population, adiponectin levels were influenced by ADIPOQ rs17300539 (c.-1138G>A; lower in subjects with GG genotype). When only males were considered, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were associated with ADIPOQ rs1501299 (c.214 + 62G>T; higher in GG subjects). TNF-α concentrations were modulated by TNF-α rs1800629 (c.-488G>A; lower in GG males), RETN rs1862513 (c.-216C>G; higher in CC subjects), and RETN rs3219177 (c.118 + 39C>T; higher in CC subjects). Leptin levels were influenced by IL-1β rs1143627 (c.-118C>T) presenting TT individuals' lower levels. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that in pediatric obese patients, some adipokine gene SNPs have an association with circulating adipokine levels and lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Nascimento
- 1 IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology), Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal .,2 Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (Institute for Research and Innovation in Health), Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal .,3 UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - Emília Vieira
- 4 Molecular Genetics Unit, Medical Genetics Center Dr. Jacinto de Magalhães , Porto Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Coimbra
- 3 UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal .,5 CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS) , Gandra-PRD, Portugal
| | - Cristina Catarino
- 1 IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology), Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal .,2 Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (Institute for Research and Innovation in Health), Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal .,3 UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - Elísio Costa
- 1 IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology), Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal .,2 Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (Institute for Research and Innovation in Health), Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal .,3 UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - Elsa Bronze-da-Rocha
- 1 IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology), Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal .,2 Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (Institute for Research and Innovation in Health), Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal .,3 UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Márcia Carvalho
- 7 FP-ENAS, CEBIMED, Fundação Ensino e Cultura Fernando Pessoa , Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Ferreira Mansilha
- 8 Childhood and Adolescence Department of CMIN (Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte), Porto Hospital Centre, ICBAS (Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar), University of Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Rêgo
- 9 Children and Adolescent Centre, CUF Hospital, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - Rosário Dos Santos
- 4 Molecular Genetics Unit, Medical Genetics Center Dr. Jacinto de Magalhães , Porto Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alice Santos-Silva
- 1 IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology), Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal .,2 Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (Institute for Research and Innovation in Health), Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal .,3 UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Belo
- 1 IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology), Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal .,2 Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (Institute for Research and Innovation in Health), Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal .,3 UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal
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Kanu JS, Gu Y, Zhi S, Yu M, Lu Y, Cong Y, Liu Y, Li Y, Yu Y, Cheng Y, Liu Y. Single nucleotide polymorphism rs3774261 in the AdipoQ gene is associated with the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in Northeast Han Chinese population: a case-control study. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:6. [PMID: 26754433 PMCID: PMC4709904 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0173-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is one of the leading causes of death in the world with a projected global 82 million DALYs by 2020. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to CHD development. Here, the authors investigate the association between CHD risk and three Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the AdipoQ gene (rs3774261, rs1063537 and rs2082940); and the interaction of this association with environmental factors, in Northeast Han Chinese population. Methods Using a case–control study design, 1514 participants (754 cases and 760 controls) were investigated. Three variants in the AdipoQ gene (rs3774261, rs1063537 and rs2082940) were selected and genotyped. The online SNPstats program and SPSS 21.0 software were used for data analyses. Results The authors found that the rs3774261G allele is associated with the risk of CHD but that the rs2082940T allele protects against CHD. No significant association was found between rs1063537 and CHD risk. The study also found significant interactions between triglyceride levels and the SNPs studied (P < 0.0001 for rs3774261, P = 0.014 for rs1063537, and P = 0.031 for rs2082940). Conclusions Variations in AdipoQ gene can protect against CHD (as with rs2082940T) or associated with CHD risk (as with rs3774261G) in Northeast Han Chinese – findings that will help shed light on the reported conflicting roles of AdipoQ in cardiovascular diseases. Serum triglycerides levels also interact in the AdipoQ – CHD association, thus further highlighting the roles environmental factors play in the genetic aspect of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Sam Kanu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Yulu Gu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Sun Zhi
- Clinical laboratory of China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Mingxi Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Yuping Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Yetong Cong
- The General Hospital of Jilin Chemical Group Corporation, Jilin, 132022, China.
| | - Yunkai Liu
- The Cardiovascular Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Yaqin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Yi Cheng
- The Cardiovascular Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Yawen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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