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Clark ELM, Gutierrez-Colina A, Ruzicka EB, Sanchez N, Bristol M, Gulley LD, Broussard JL, Kelsey MM, Simon SL, Shomaker LB. Racial and ethnic sleep health disparities in adolescents and risk for type 2 diabetes: a narrative review. Ann Med 2024; 56:2399756. [PMID: 39253865 PMCID: PMC11389628 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2399756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleep is an essential factor for health and wellbeing in people across the age spectrum; yet many adolescents do not meet the recommended 8-10 h of nightly sleep. Unfortunately, habitually insufficient sleep, along with the metabolic changes of puberty, puts adolescents at increased risk for a host of adverse health outcomes such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Furthermore, individuals from historically minoritized racial and ethnic groups (e.g. Hispanic/Latinx, African American/Black) are more likely to experience shorter sleep duration compared to adolescents of White/European origin, placing them at even greater risk for disparities in T2D risk. METHODS We conducted a literature review on the role of race and ethnicity in adolescent sleep health and its relation to cardiometabolic outcomes, specifically T2D. We use the minority stress model and the stress and coping theory as guiding theoretical frameworks to examine individual and societal level factors that may contribute to sleep health disparities and their downstream effects on T2D risk. RESULTS This review highlights that the unique race-related stressors adolescents from minoritized groups face may play a role in the sleep and T2D connection on a biological, psychological, and social level. However, although there has been advancement in the current research on adolescent racial and ethnic sleep health disparities in relation to T2D, mechanisms underlying these disparities in sleep health need further investigation. Addressing these gaps is crucial for identifying and mitigating sleep health disparities and T2D among racial and ethnic minority youth. CONCLUSION We conclude with a discussion of the implications and future research directions of racial and ethnic disparities in sleep health and T2D prevention research. A comprehensive understanding of adolescent sleep health disparities has potential to better inform preventative and educational programs, interventions, and policies that promote sleep health equity and improve cardiometabolic outcomes like T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L M Clark
- Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ana Gutierrez-Colina
- Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Ruzicka
- Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Natalia Sanchez
- Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Community & Behavioral Health, Epidemiology, and Global Health & Health Disparities, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Madison Bristol
- Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Community & Behavioral Health, Epidemiology, and Global Health & Health Disparities, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lauren D Gulley
- Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Josiane L Broussard
- Health & Exercise Science, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Megan M Kelsey
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Stacey L Simon
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lauren B Shomaker
- Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Community & Behavioral Health, Epidemiology, and Global Health & Health Disparities, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
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Ar Reshaid AM, Alshawakir YA, Almuayrifi MA, Al-Attas OS, BaHammam AS, Al Khalifah RA. The Impact of Light-Dark Cycle Alteration on the Acceleration of Type 1 Diabetes in NOD Mice Model. Nat Sci Sleep 2024; 16:1291-1302. [PMID: 39247909 PMCID: PMC11378784 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s465917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to evaluate the effect of light-dark cycle alteration and soft drink consumption on the acceleration of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) development among non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice model. Methods We exposed female NOD and C57BL/6 mice from the age of 5 weeks to either adlib soft drink consumption and/or T20 light-dark cycle alteration until the development of diabetes, or the mice reached the age of 30 weeks. Each group consisted of 7-15 mice. We monitored weight, length, blood glucose level, and insulin autoantibody (IAA) levels weekly. Results Out of 75 NOD and 22 C57BL/6 mice, 41 NOD mice developed diabetes, and 6 mice died between 7 and 8 weeks of age. The mean time to development of T1DM among NOD control mice was 20 weeks. The time to development of T1DM was accelerated by two weeks in the NOD mice exposed to light-dark cycle alteration, hazard ratio of 2.65,95th CI (0.70, 10.04) p = 0.15). The other groups developed T1DM, similar to the control group. Conclusion There was a trend toward earlier development of T1DM among NOD mice exposed to light-dark cycle alteration, but this difference was not statistically significant. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings using larger sample sizes and different animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohammed A Almuayrifi
- Experimental Surgery and Animal Lab, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Salem Al-Attas
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S BaHammam
- The University Sleep Disorders Centre, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Abdullah Al Khalifah
- King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- University Diabetes Centre, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Cincotta AH. Brain Dopamine-Clock Interactions Regulate Cardiometabolic Physiology: Mechanisms of the Observed Cardioprotective Effects of Circadian-Timed Bromocriptine-QR Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13255. [PMID: 37686060 PMCID: PMC10487918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite enormous global efforts within clinical research and medical practice to reduce cardiovascular disease(s) (CVD), it still remains the leading cause of death worldwide. While genetic factors clearly contribute to CVD etiology, the preponderance of epidemiological data indicate that a major common denominator among diverse ethnic populations from around the world contributing to CVD is the composite of Western lifestyle cofactors, particularly Western diets (high saturated fat/simple sugar [particularly high fructose and sucrose and to a lesser extent glucose] diets), psychosocial stress, depression, and altered sleep/wake architecture. Such Western lifestyle cofactors are potent drivers for the increased risk of metabolic syndrome and its attendant downstream CVD. The central nervous system (CNS) evolved to respond to and anticipate changes in the external (and internal) environment to adapt survival mechanisms to perceived stresses (challenges to normal biological function), including the aforementioned Western lifestyle cofactors. Within the CNS of vertebrates in the wild, the biological clock circuitry surveils the environment and has evolved mechanisms for the induction of the obese, insulin-resistant state as a survival mechanism against an anticipated ensuing season of low/no food availability. The peripheral tissues utilize fat as an energy source under muscle insulin resistance, while increased hepatic insulin resistance more readily supplies glucose to the brain. This neural clock function also orchestrates the reversal of the obese, insulin-resistant condition when the low food availability season ends. The circadian neural network that produces these seasonal shifts in metabolism is also responsive to Western lifestyle stressors that drive the CNS clock into survival mode. A major component of this natural or Western lifestyle stressor-induced CNS clock neurophysiological shift potentiating the obese, insulin-resistant state is a diminution of the circadian peak of dopaminergic input activity to the pacemaker clock center, suprachiasmatic nucleus. Pharmacologically preventing this loss of circadian peak dopaminergic activity both prevents and reverses existing metabolic syndrome in a wide variety of animal models of the disorder, including high fat-fed animals. Clinically, across a variety of different study designs, circadian-timed bromocriptine-QR (quick release) (a unique formulation of micronized bromocriptine-a dopamine D2 receptor agonist) therapy of type 2 diabetes subjects improved hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, immune sterile inflammation, and/or adverse cardiovascular event rate. The present review details the seminal circadian science investigations delineating important roles for CNS circadian peak dopaminergic activity in the regulation of peripheral fuel metabolism and cardiovascular biology and also summarizes the clinical study findings of bromocriptine-QR therapy on cardiometabolic outcomes in type 2 diabetes subjects.
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Darand M, Amirinejad A, Salehi-Abargouei A, Davies IG, Mirzaei M, Mazidi M, Khayyatzadeh SS. The association between dietary insulin index and load with mental health. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:218. [PMID: 36117205 PMCID: PMC9483254 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00925-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression, anxiety, and stress are common mental problems. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between two indexes that measure postprandial insulin response to different food, dietary insulin index (DII) and insulin load (DIL), with psychological disorders.
Method Participants (n = 10,000) aged 20–69 were randomly selected from 200 clusters in Yazd from the recruitment phase of the Yazd Health Study. The dietary intake of participants was collected by a reliable and validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) consisting of 178 food items. DII and DIL were calculated from the FFQ data using previously published reference values. To assess psychological disorders an Iranian validated short version of a self-reported questionnaire (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21 [DASS21]) was used. Results No significant association was observed between DIL and DII with odds of depression or anxiety using crude or adjusted models. However, individuals in the highest quartiles of DIL had the lowest odds of stress (OR: 0.69; 95% CI 0.48–1.01, P-trend = 0.047). This association remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders in model II including marital status, smoking, education, job status, salt intake, and multi-vitamin supplement use (OR: 0.38; 95% CI 0.16–0.91, P-trend = 0.039) and the third and final model which is further adjusted for BMI (OR: 0.39; 95% CI 0.16–0.91, P-trend = 0.041). Conclusion Overall, consumption of foods with higher DII as well as DIL were associated with lower stress scores; however, no significant relationship was observed between DII or DIL with respective depression or anxiety scores. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40359-022-00925-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Darand
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Amirinejad
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Shohadaye Gomnam BLD. ALEM Square, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Shohadaye Gomnam BLD. ALEM Square, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ian G Davies
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Masoud Mirzaei
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Sayyed Saeid Khayyatzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Shohadaye Gomnam BLD. ALEM Square, Yazd, Iran. .,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Jurkovičová J, Hirošová K, Vondrová D, Samohýl M, Štefániková Z, Filová A, Kachútová I, Babjaková J, Argalášová Ľ. The Prevalence of Insulin Resistance and the Associated Risk Factors in a Sample of 14-18-Year-Old Slovak Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18030909. [PMID: 33494341 PMCID: PMC7908586 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18030909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors has increased in Slovakian adolescents as a result of serious lifestyle changes. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) and the associations with cardiometabolic and selected lifestyle risk factors in a sample of Slovak adolescents. In total, 2629 adolescents (45.8% males) aged between 14 and 18 years were examined in the study. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure (BP), and resting heart rate were measured; fasting venous blood samples were analyzed; and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-insulin resistance (IR) was calculated. For statistical data processing, the methods of descriptive and analytical statistics for normal and skewed distribution of variables were used. The mean HOMA-IR was 2.45 ± 1.91, without a significant sex differences. IR (cut-off point for HOMA-IR = 3.16) was detected in 18.6% of adolescents (19.8% males, 17.6% females). IR was strongly associated with overweight/obesity (especially central) and with almost all monitored cardiometabolic factors, except for total cholesterol (TC) and systolic BP in females. The multivariate model selected variables such as low level of physical fitness, insufficient physical activity, breakfast skipping, a small number of daily meals, frequent consumption of sweetened beverages, and low educational level of fathers as significant risk factors of IR in adolescents. Recognizing the main lifestyle risk factors and early IR identification is important in terms of the performance of preventive strategies. Weight reduction, regular physical activity, and healthy eating habits can improve insulin sensitivity and decrease the incidence of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD).
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Childhood social preference and adolescent insulin resistance: Accounting for the indirect effects of obesity. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 113:104557. [PMID: 31884323 PMCID: PMC6953604 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and Type II diabetes are increasingly common among young people in the United States. The quality of social relationships is a predictor of cardiometabolic health among adults, but has not been studied as a predictor of earlier insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to test whether social preference (likeability) during childhood predicts insulin resistance and a measure of central adiposity during adolescence. Obesity also was examined as one mechanism through which this association occurs. Data came from a long-term longitudinal community study. At approximately age 7, 240 children were rated by their classmates on how liked and how disliked they were (difference score indexes social preference). Nine years later, at age 16, the same children visited the university laboratory where height, weight, and several measures of central adiposity (waist circumference, sagittal diameter, and waist-to-height ratio) were assessed by trained interviewers. Adolescents also provided fasted blood samples, from which HOMA-estimated insulin resistance was assessed. A path model yielded adequate to good fit indices, χ2 (3, N = 240) = 6.689, p = .08, CFI = .97, RMSEA = .07 [95% CI = .00, .14], sRMR = .03. Results indicated that greater social preference at age 7 was significantly associated with lower IR at age 16. These findings suggest that children who are less liked by their classmates are more likely to demonstrate increased risk of IR. Additionally, BMI at age 15 was positively associated with both IR and WC at age 16. A bootstrapping procedure (10,000 draws) indicated that a child's likeability is associated with IR and WC through the association of likeability with later weight status. The quality of social relationships in childhood is important to consider when trying to understand the recent rise in adolescents' cardiometabolic risk and when considering intervention strategies.
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Michels N, Matthys D, Thumann B, Marild S, De Henauw S. Children's stress-related reports and stress biomarkers interact in their association with metabolic syndrome risk. Stress Health 2018; 34:523-533. [PMID: 29733496 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The purpose was to examine the cross-sectional associations of stress-related reports and stress biomarkers with metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk in children while also testing the interaction between stress biomarkers and stress reports. In 353 children (5-10 years old, 7.9% overweight/obese), MetS risk was measured by blood pressure, waist circumference, glucose homeostasis, triglycerides, and high-density cholesterol. Stress was measured by stress-related reports (events, emotions, and internalizing/externalizing problems) and two biomarkers: salivary cortisol (total-day and morning output) and heart rate variability (percentage of consecutive normal RR intervals differing more than 50 ms and low-to-high-frequency ratio). Cross-sectional regression analyses with z scored total MetS risk as outcome were adjusted for age, sex, and socio-economic status. Only internalizing problems were directly related to a higher MetS risk score (β = 0.236). Cortisol and heart rate variability were significant moderators: High cortisol morning output resulted in a positive (unfavourable) report-MetS relationship (β = 0.259-0.552), whereas low percentage of consecutive normal RR intervals differing more than 50 ms resulted in a negative (favourable) report-MetS relationship (β = -0.298) and low low-to-high-frequency ratio in a positive (unfavourable) report-MetS relationship (β = 0.478). In conclusion, stress can sometimes be a disadvantageous factor in metabolic health of otherwise healthy children. The cortisol biomarker seems relevant because metabolic risk was highest when stress-related reports were accompanied by high morning cortisol output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Michels
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dante Matthys
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Barbara Thumann
- Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiologic Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Staffan Marild
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Skoranski A, Kelly NR, Radin RM, Thompson KA, Galescu O, Demidowich AP, Brady SM, Chen KY, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Yanovski JA, Shomaker LB. Relationship of Mindfulness to Distress and Cortisol Response in Adolescent Girls At-Risk for Type 2 Diabetes. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2018; 27:2254-2264. [PMID: 30100695 PMCID: PMC6085111 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-018-1065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Altered stress response theoretically contributes to the etiology of cardiometabolic disease. Mindfulness may be a protective buffer against the effects of stress on health outcomes by altering how individuals evaluate and respond to stress. We engaged adolescent girls at risk for developing Type 2 diabetes in a cold-pressor test in order to determine the relationship of dispositional mindfulness to cortisol response and subjective stress, including perceived pain and unpleasantness during the stressor, and negative affect following the stressor. We also evaluated mindfulness as a moderator of psychological distress (depressive/anxiety symptoms) and stress response. Participants were 119 girls age 12-17 years with overweight/obesity, family history of diabetes, and mild-to-moderate depressive symptoms. Greater mindfulness was associated with less perceived pain and negative affect, but was unrelated to cortisol response to the stressor. Regardless of mindfulness, greater depressive/anxiety symptoms related to a more blunted cortisol response. Mindfulness might promote better distress tolerance in adolescents at risk for diabetes by altering how youth perceive and relate to acute stress, rather than through altering the physiological stress response. At all levels of mindfulness, depressive/anxiety symptoms relate to greater blunting of cortisol response. Findings contribute to emerging literature on the role of mindfulness in promoting the mental and physical health and well-being of individuals at risk for Type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Skoranski
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Nichole R. Kelly
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services and the Prevention Science Institute, College of Education, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Rachel M. Radin
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Defense, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katherine A. Thompson
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ovidiu Galescu
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew P. Demidowich
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sheila M. Brady
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kong Y. Chen
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Defense, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jack A. Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lauren B. Shomaker
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, MD, USA
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Michels N, Sioen I, Ruige J, De Henauw S. Children's psychosocial stress and emotional eating: A role for leptin? Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:471-480. [PMID: 27441953 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychosocial stress can be a health threat by stimulating unhealthier eating behaviors. We aim to test the role of the hormone leptin in the association between stress and diet/emotional eating as detected in primary school children. METHOD In a two-wave longitudinal study with 308 Belgian children (5-12y) in 2010-2012, the association of fasting serum leptin with reported stress (negative events and emotional problems), measured stress by salivary cortisol (overall cortisol output and awakening response), emotional eating and food consumption frequency was examined. Analyses were split by sex. Mediation and moderation by leptin change were tested. RESULTS One stress marker (overall cortisol output) was significantly correlated with high leptin levels, but only in girls and cross-sectionally. Only in boys, leptin was associated with low emotional eating. Leptin was not a significant predictor of unhealthy food consumption. Leptin change was not a mediator but an enhancing moderator in the link between stress (high cortisol output and emotional problems) and emotional eating in girls: high reports of emotional eating in 2012 were present in the case of combined high 2-year leptin increase and high stress at baseline. DISCUSSION Stress (represented by emotional problems and high daily cortisol) seems to lead to hyperleptinemia in girls; and the combination of high stress and hyperleptinemia might make girls more vulnerable to stress-induced eating. No functional data on leptin sensitivity were present, but results might suggest that stress induces lower sensitivity to the anorexigenic leptin activity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:471-480).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Michels
- Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 4K3, B, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Sioen
- Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 4K3, B, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Johannes Ruige
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, Building 6 K12, Ghent, 9000, Belgium, and Centrum Diabeteszorg AZ Nikolaas Moerlandstraat 1, 9100, Sint-Niklaas, Belgium
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 4K3, B, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Health Sciences, Vesalius, University College Ghent, Keramiekstraat 80, Ghent, B, 9000, Belgium
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Justesen JM, Andersson EA, Allin KH, Sandholt CH, Jørgensen T, Linneberg A, Jørgensen ME, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Grarup N. Increasing insulin resistance accentuates the effect of triglyceride-associated loci on serum triglycerides during 5 years. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:2193-2199. [PMID: 27777317 PMCID: PMC5321221 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p068379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood concentrations of triglycerides are influenced by genetic factors as well as a number of environmental factors, including adiposity and glucose homeostasis. The aim was to investigate the association between a serum triglyceride weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) and changes in fasting serum triglyceride level over 5 years and to test whether the effect of the wGRS was modified by 5 year changes of adiposity, insulin resistance, and lifestyle factors. A total of 3,474 nondiabetic individuals from the Danish Inter99 cohort participated in both the baseline and 5 year follow-up physical examinations and had information on the wGRS comprising 39 genetic variants. In a linear regression model adjusted for age, sex, and baseline serum triglyceride, the wGRS was associated with increased serum triglyceride levels over 5 years [per allele effect = 1.3% (1.0-1.6%); P = 1.0 × 10-17]. This triglyceride-increasing effect of the wGRS interacted with changes in insulin resistance (Pinteraction = 1.5 × 10-6). This interaction indicated that the effect of the wGRS was stronger in individuals who became more insulin resistant over 5 years. In conclusion, our findings suggest that increased genetic risk load is associated with a larger increase in fasting serum triglyceride levels in nondiabetic individuals during 5 years of follow-up. This effect of the wGRS is accentuated by increasing insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne M Justesen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ehm A Andersson
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Kristine H Allin
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla H Sandholt
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Jørgensen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Medicine, University of Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marit E Jørgensen
- Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Grarup
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bitterlich N, Chaborski K, Parsi E, Rösler D, Metzner C. Has a mixture of amino acids and micronutrients influence on glucose metabolism and dietary fatty acid pattern in chronic psychosocially stressed persons? A pilot study. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 67:195-202. [PMID: 26878772 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2016.1144718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Brain food, e.g. L-tryptophan, antioxidative substances, B vitamins and magnesium are thought to be beneficial for obesity, inflammation and insulin resistance. In the present pilot study we hypothesised that a specific amino acid mixture with micronutrients improves the cardiometabolic situation of chronically stressed persons. Cardiovascular and metabolic parameters were analysed as per protocol in 32 patients. Chronic stress disorders in the same patients were assessed by a psychological neurological questionnaire (PNF). After dietary intervention a reduction of the fasting serum insulin concentrations occurred in the treatment group. An association was found between PNF values, insulin concentrations at baseline and an insulin reduction after 12 weeks. The results support the use of our specific dietary supplement for improved stress management and a decrease in metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Bitterlich
- a Department of Biostatistics , Medicine and Service Ltd , Chemnitz , Germany
| | - Katrin Chaborski
- b Bonn Education Association for Dietetics r. A. , Cologne , Germany
| | - Elke Parsi
- c Outpatient Practise of Cardiology/Angiology , Berlin , Germany
| | - Daniela Rösler
- b Bonn Education Association for Dietetics r. A. , Cologne , Germany
| | - Christine Metzner
- b Bonn Education Association for Dietetics r. A. , Cologne , Germany ;,d Department of Internal Medicine III , University Hospital, RWTH , Aachen , Germany
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12
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Campbell MK. Biological, environmental, and social influences on childhood obesity. Pediatr Res 2016; 79:205-11. [PMID: 26484623 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased globally over the past three decades, with evidence of recent leveling off in developed countries. Reduction in the, currently high, prevalence of obesity will require a full understanding of the biological and social pathways to obesity in order to develop appropriately targeted prevention strategies in early life. Determinants of childhood obesity include individual level factors, including biological, social, and behavioral risks, acting within the influence of the child's family environment, which is, in turn, imbedded in the context of the community environment. These influences act across childhood, with suggestions of early critical periods of biological and behavioral plasticity. There is evidence of sex and gender differences in the responses of boys and girls to their environments. The evidence that determinants of childhood obesity act at many levels and at different stages of childhood is of policy relevance to those planning early health promotion and primary prevention programs as it suggests the need to address the individual, the family, the physical environment, the social environment, and social policy. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize current, and emerging, literature in a multilevel, life course framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Karen Campbell
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Richardson AS, Arsenault JE, Cates SC, Muth MK. Perceived stress, unhealthy eating behaviors, and severe obesity in low-income women. Nutr J 2015; 14:122. [PMID: 26630944 PMCID: PMC4668704 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-015-0110-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stress has been associated with poor eating behaviors and diet quality, as well as high body mass index (BMI). Low-income women may be particularly vulnerable to stress and severe obesity. Yet it is unknown how stress increases the risk of severe obesity through disordered eating behaviors and poor diet quality or through mechanisms independent of diet. Methods We examined cross-sectional data from women (n = 101) with a child enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children in Cumberland County, North Carolina (spring 2012). We collected measured heights and weights to calculate BMI. Using structural equation modeling, we differentiated pathways from stress to weight status: (1) indirectly through eating behaviors (cognitive restraint, emotional eating, and uncontrolled eating) and diet quality, which we examined with the Healthy Eating Index 2010 and 24-h dietary recalls, and (2) directly through possible unmeasured risk factors independent of diet. The analysis controlled for race/ethnicity, income, age, whether the dietary recall day was typical, and whether the respondent completed one or two 24-h dietary recalls. Results Perceived stress was positively associated with uncontrolled eating (β = 0.38, p < 0.001) and emotional eating (β = 0.50, p < 0.001). However, higher stress was not associated with weight status through eating behaviors and diet quality. Independent of eating behaviors and diet quality, stress was positively associated with severe obesity (β = 0.26, p = 0.007). Conclusions Improving stress coping strategies for low-income women may improve eating behaviors and reduce severe obesity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12937-015-0110-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S Richardson
- RAND Health, RAND Corporation, 570 Fifth Ave. #600, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Joanne E Arsenault
- U.C. Davis, Program in International and Community Nutrition, 3217A Meyer Hall One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Sheryl C Cates
- RTI International, Food and Nutrition Policy Research Program, 3040 E. Cornwallis Rd., Research Triangle, Park, NC, 27709-3910, USA.
| | - Mary K Muth
- RTI International, Food and Nutrition Policy Research Program, 3040 E. Cornwallis Rd., Research Triangle, Park, NC, 27709-3910, USA.
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Nutrient patterns and their association with socio-demographic, lifestyle factors and obesity risk in rural South African adolescents. Nutrients 2015; 7:3464-82. [PMID: 25984738 PMCID: PMC4446762 DOI: 10.3390/nu7053464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify and describe the diversity of nutrient patterns and how they associate with socio-demographic and lifestyle factors including body mass index in rural black South African adolescents. Nutrient patterns were identified from quantified food frequency questionnaires (QFFQ) in 388 rural South African adolescents between the ages of 11-15 years from the Agincourt Health and Socio-demographic Surveillance System (AHDSS). Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to 25 nutrients derived from QFFQs. Multiple linear regression and partial R2 models were fitted and computed respectively for each of the retained principal component (PC) scores on socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics including body mass index (BMI) for age Z scores. Four nutrient patterns explaining 79% of the total variance were identified: PCI (26%) was characterized by animal derived nutrients; PC2 (21%) by vitamins, fibre and vegetable oil nutrients; PC3 (19%) by both animal and plant derived nutrients (mixed diet driven nutrients); and PC4 (13%) by starch and folate. A positive and significant association was observed with BMI for age Z scores per 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in PC1 (0.13 (0.02; 0.24); p = 0.02) and PC4 (0.10 (-0.01; 0.21); p = 0.05) scores only. We confirmed variability in nutrient patterns that were significantly associated with various lifestyle factors including obesity.
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