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Zieff G, Cornwall J, Blue MN, Smith-Ryan AE, Stoner L. Ultrasound-based measurement of central adiposity: Key considerations and guidelines. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13716. [PMID: 38418428 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Central adiposity, which is visceral and subcutaneous adiposity in the abdominal region, is a known risk factor for developing chronic cardiometabolic diseases. Central adiposity can be measured relatively inexpensively using ultrasound. Ultrasound has been shown to be precise and reliable, with measurement accuracy comparable to computed tomography and magnetic resonance. Despite the advantages conferred by ultrasound, widespread adoption has been hindered by lack of reliable standard operating procedures. To consolidate the literature and bring clarity to the use of ultrasound-derived measures of central adiposity, this review outlines (i) the [patho]physiological importance of central adiposity to cardiometabolic disease risk; (ii) an overview of the history and main technical aspects of ultrasound methodology; (iii) key measurement considerations, including transducer selection, subject preparation, image acquisition, image analysis, and operator training; and (iv) guidelines for standardized ultrasound protocols for measuring central adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Zieff
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jon Cornwall
- Centre for Early Learning in Medicine, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Malia N Blue
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Abbie E Smith-Ryan
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lee Stoner
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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da Silva NF, Pinho CPS, da Silva Diniz A. Evaluation of ultrasonographic approaches aimed at determining distinct abdominal adipose tissue depots. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2023; 67:162-171. [PMID: 36651712 PMCID: PMC10689032 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective To analyze different anatomical sites in the abdominal region, in order to determine the positional parameter that identifies a higher level of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and confers a greater cardiometabolic risk. Materials and methods This is a methodological study in which VAT was evaluated by ultrasonography (USG) in three anatomical sites in the abdomen, while the abdominal circumference (AC) was measured using seven different protocols. Additionally, the glycemic and lipid profile, C-reactive protein, and the presence of systemic arterial hypertension were evaluated. Results One hundred and six individuals with an average age of 42 (36.8-46.2) years were included. The evaluation of the calibration of the ultrasound procedure for the analysis of VAT by intra- and inter-evaluators showed high reproducibility. The pattern of abdominal fat distribution differed between sexes, with higher mean VAT in males (p < 0.05) and higher mean SAT (subcutaneous adipose tissue) in females (p < 0.005). In the abdominal scan applied to women, higher levels of VAT and lower levels of SAT were observed in the narrower waist region, between the iliac crest and the last rib (p < 0.001). In males, the profile of adipose disposition along the abdomen was uniform (p > 0.05). Correlations between VAT measured by USG and cardiometabolic parameters were relatively stronger in the upper abdomen (p < 0.05). Conclusion Women accumulate more VAT in the narrower waist region, while men accumulate VAT uniformly across the abdomen. There was relative superiority in predicting cardiometabolic risk in the upper abdomen for both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cláudia Porto Sabino Pinho
- Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (HC-UFPE); Pronto-Socorro Cardiológico de Pernambuco, Universidade de Pernambuco (Procape UPE); Departamento de Nutrição, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Alcides da Silva Diniz
- Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (HC-UFPE); Pronto-Socorro Cardiológico de Pernambuco, Universidade de Pernambuco (Procape UPE); Departamento de Nutrição, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brasil
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Ponti F, De Cinque A, Fazio N, Napoli A, Guglielmi G, Bazzocchi A. Ultrasound imaging, a stethoscope for body composition assessment. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2020; 10:1699-1722. [PMID: 32742962 DOI: 10.21037/qims-19-1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the human's energy balance, mediated by non-performing endocrine organs (liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, above all), can be related to human metabolic disorders characterized by an impaired body composition (BC), such as obesity and sarcopenia. While it is possible to monitor the BC and its variations at different levels, the tissue-organ composition studies have been proven to provide the most clinically applicable information. Ultrasonography (US), a fast, non-invasive, low-cost and widely available technique, holds great potential in the study of BC, as it can directly measure muscles, organs, visceral and subcutaneous fat tissue in different sections of the abdomen and body, overcoming some limits of anthropometric evaluation and other imaging techniques. Purpose of this review article is to explore the technical aspects and the applied methods of US examination to assess the potential clinical role of this technique in the context of BC characterization, investigating four pivotal topics [abdominal fat compartments, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), skeletal muscle, liver].
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ponti
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio De Cinque
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Specialized, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, University of Bologna, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Fazio
- Technology Transfer Office, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Napoli
- Department of Radiologic, Oncologic and Pathologic Science, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Guglielmi
- Department of Radiology, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.,Department of Radiology, Scientific Institute "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, Foggia, Italy
| | - Alberto Bazzocchi
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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Tian Y, Cao XX, Shang H, Wu CM, Zhang X, Guo P, Zhang XP, Xu XD. Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation of Caffeoylquinic Acid Derivatives as Potential Hypolipidemic Agents. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050964. [PMID: 30857274 PMCID: PMC6429172 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel caffeoylquinic acid derivatives of chlorogenic acid have been designed and synthesized. Biological evaluation indicated that several synthesized derivatives exhibited moderate to good lipid-lowering effects on oleic acid-elicited lipid accumulation in HepG2 liver cells. Particularly, derivatives 3d, 3g, 4c and 4d exhibited more potential lipid-lowering effect than the positive control simvastatin and chlorogenic acid. Further studies on the mechanism of 3d, 3g, 4c and 4d revealed that the lipid-lowering effects were related to their regulation of TG levels and merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Zhong Guan Cun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiao-Xue Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Zhong Guan Cun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hai Shang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Zhong Guan Cun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Chong-Ming Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Zhong Guan Cun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xi Zhang
- Center of Research and Development on Life Sciences and Environment Sciences, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China.
| | - Peng Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Zhong Guan Cun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiao-Po Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
| | - Xu-Dong Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Zhong Guan Cun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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