Impact of respiratory function on the progression from metabolically healthy non-overweight to metabolically abnormal phenotype

Relationship between metabolic syndrome and pulmonary function in workers with respiratory dust exposure in Iran

AIMS

we designed a study to investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and lung function in workers with dust exposure based on five years of longitudinal study data.

METHODS

In this historical cohort study that conducted in iron ore mine, non-smoker male workers who exposed to dust, were enrolled. MetS was determined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. New spirometry parameters and spirometry from 5 years ago, were compared.

RESULTS

In this study 192 workers were identified without MetS and 77 with MetS. The mean of all lung parameters was lower in subjects with MetS, but it was not statistically significant. The median decline in FEV1 and FVC in 5 years was greater in subjects with MetS but were only significant for a decline in FEV1 (P-Value = 0.04). Linear regression analysis showed a significant relationship between a decline in FEV1 and waist circumference (P-Value = 0.001) when adjusted for age, BMI, physical activity level.

CONCLUSION

In this study, a significant association between mean decline in FEV1 in 5 years and MetS in dust-exposed workers was demonstrated. Decline in FEV1 in 5 years was significantly associated with a Waist circumference as one of the components of MetS.

Creatinine to Body Weight Ratio Is Associated with Incident Diabetes: Population-Based Cohort Study

We investigated the association between creatinine to body weight (Cre/BW) ratio and incident diabetes. In this cohort study, 9659 men and 7417 women were follow up mean (SD) 5.6 (3.5) years and 5.4 (3.4) years, respectively. For men, tertile 1 (T1; n = 3176), Cre/BW < 0.01275; tertile 2 (T2; n = 3258), 0.01275 ≤ Cre/BW < 0.0148; and tertile 3 (T3; n = 3225), Cre/BW ≥ 0.0148; and for women, T1 (n = 2437), Cre/BMI < 0.0118; T2 (n = 2516), 0.0118 ≤ Cre/BMI < 0.014; and T3 (n = 2477), Cre/BMI ≥ 0.014. Among them, 362 men and 102 women developed diabetes. The hazard ratios (HRs) of incident diabetes in the T2 group was 0.56 (95% CI 0.44–0.71, p < 0.001) in men and 0.61 (0.38–0.99, p = 0.045) in women and in the T3 group was 0.42 (0.32–0.54, p < 0.001) in men and 0.55 (0.34–0.89, p = 0.014) in women after adjusting for covariates, compared with the T1 group. Moreover, Δ0.001 incremental of Cre/BW is negatively associated with incident diabetes (adjusted HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.80–0.88, p < 0.001 for men and 0.88, 0.81–0.96, p = 0.003 for women). In conclusion, Cre/BW ratio is inversely related to incident diabetes. Checking Cre/BW ratios may predict future diabetes risks.

Protein intake is not associated with progression of diabetic kidney disease in patients without macroalbuminuria

BACKGROUND

Diabetic kidney disease is an important problem in individuals with diabetes. The effect of dietary protein intake on the renal function of patients with diabetes is controversial. Here, we sought to clarify the association between dietary protein intake and changes in the urinary albumin excretion (UAE) or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with type 2 diabetes.

METHODS

In this retrospective cohort study, we included 144 patients (70 men, mean ± standard deviation of age 64 ± 10 years, and median (interquartile range) of UAE 15.0 (7.0-38.9) mg/gCr) without an eGFR less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m² and/or UAE greater than or equal to 300 mg/gCr. Changes in the UAE or eGFR were defined as (logarithms [UAE+1] or eGFR at follow-up minus logarithms [UAE+1] or eGFR at baseline examination)/follow-up duration (years). Habitual protein intake was estimated by a self-administered diet history questionnaire.

RESULTS

The median follow-up duration was 5 years. Protein intake (g/kg ideal body weight/day) was not associated with the change in the UAE (r = -0.130, p = 0.120) or change in the eGFR (r = -0.074, p = 0.381). Multiple linear regression analyses showed that after adjusting for covariates, the patients' protein intake was not associated with change in their UAE (standardized regression coefficient: 0.044, p = 0.732) or change in their eGFR (standardized regression coefficient: 0.250, p = 0.085).

CONCLUSIONS

Dietary protein intake does not influence changes in the UAE or eGFR among patients with type 2 diabetes without macroalbuminuria.