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Farrugia F, Refalo D, Bonello D, Cuschieri S. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Mediterranean diet adherence: A narrative systematic review. Nutr Health 2024; 30:215-233. [PMID: 37439029 PMCID: PMC10345400 DOI: 10.1177/02601060231187511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic upended many aspects of daily life. For some individuals, this was an opportunity to re-evaluate their life and make better choices, while others were overwhelmed with stressors, leading to a deterioration in mental and physical health. AIM The aim of this narrative systematic review is to explore the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Mediterranean diet adherence. METHODS A systematic literature search was carried out on PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science electronic databases utilising the search terms 'Mediterranean diet' AND 'COVID-19'. This yielded 73 articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. RESULTS The data suggests that a substantial proportion of individuals adhered less to the Mediterranean diet during the COVID-19 lockdown period. However, individuals receiving some form of lifestyle intervention had better adherence to the Mediterranean diet than their unassisted counterparts. CONCLUSION This emphasises the importance of professional support during times of crisis to avoid deterioration of a population's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Farrugia
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Daniel Refalo
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - David Bonello
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Sarah Cuschieri
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
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2
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Castro-Barquero S, Crovetto F, Estruch R, Ruiz-León AM, Larroya M, Sacanella E, Casanovas-Garriga F, Casas I, Nakaki A, Youssef L, Trejo-Domínguez A, Benitez L, Genero M, Vieta E, Gratacós E, Crispi F, Casas R. Validation of a pregnancy-adapted Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (preg-MEDAS): a validation study nested in the Improving Mothers for a better PrenAtal Care Trial BarCeloNa (IMPACT BCN) trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2024:S0002-9165(24)00519-7. [PMID: 38830408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-time-consuming and easy-to-administer dietary assessment tools specific for pregnancy are needed. OBJECTIVES The aim of this validation study nested in the IMPACT BCN (Improving Mothers for a better PrenAtal Care Trial BarCeloNa) trial is to determine the concurrent validity of the 17-item pregnancy-adapted Mediterranean diet score (preg-MEDAS) and to analyze whether changes in the preg-MEDAS score were associated with maternal favorable dietary and cardiometabolic changes after 3 mo of intervention in pregnant women. METHODS Dietary data was collected in 812 participants using the preg-MEDAS and a 151-item validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline (19-23 wk gestation) and final visit (31-34 wk gestation). Concurrent preg-MEDAS validity was evaluated by Pearson and intraclass correlation coefficients, κ statistic, and Bland-Altman methods. RESULTS The preg-MEDAS had a good correlation with the FFQ (r = 0.76 and intraclass correlation coefficient 0.75). The agreement of each of the preg-MEDAS items ranged from 40.9% to 93.8% with a substantial agreement mean concordance (κ = 0.61). A 2-point increase in preg-MEDAS was associated with a decrease in maternal mean and systolic blood pressure (β: -0.51 mmHg; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.97, -0.04 mmHg and -0.87 mmHg; 95% CI: -1.48, -0.26 mmHg, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The preg-MEDAS displays good validity for assessing adherence to the Mediterranean diet, allowing detection of dietary changes over time. In addition, changes observed in preg-MEDAS are significantly associated with a decrease in maternal blood pressure. Therefore, we propose preg-MEDAS as a rapid and simple dietary assessment tool during pregnancy. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03166332.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Castro-Barquero
- BCNatal | Barcelona Center for Maternal and Fetal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain; Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentaria (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Crovetto
- BCNatal | Barcelona Center for Maternal and Fetal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Maternal and Child Chronic Diseases of Perinatal and Development Origin, RD21/0012/0001, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain; Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentaria (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ana María Ruiz-León
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain; Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentaria (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Larroya
- BCNatal | Barcelona Center for Maternal and Fetal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Sacanella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Casanovas-Garriga
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentaria (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Casas
- BCNatal | Barcelona Center for Maternal and Fetal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ayako Nakaki
- BCNatal | Barcelona Center for Maternal and Fetal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Youssef
- BCNatal | Barcelona Center for Maternal and Fetal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Hospital Clinic/University of Barcelona Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandra Trejo-Domínguez
- BCNatal | Barcelona Center for Maternal and Fetal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leticia Benitez
- BCNatal | Barcelona Center for Maternal and Fetal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Genero
- BCNatal | Barcelona Center for Maternal and Fetal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Institut de Recerca August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Neuroscience Institute, University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Gratacós
- BCNatal | Barcelona Center for Maternal and Fetal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fàtima Crispi
- BCNatal | Barcelona Center for Maternal and Fetal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Casas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain; Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentaria (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
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Natalello G, Bosello SL, Campochiaro C, Abignano G, De Santis M, Ferlito A, Karadağ DT, Padula AA, Cavalli G, D'Agostino MA, Selmi C, Matucci‐Cerinic M, Dagna L, De Luca G. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Italian Patients With Systemic Sclerosis: An Epidemiologic Survey. ACR Open Rheumatol 2024; 6:14-20. [PMID: 37916477 PMCID: PMC10789299 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an orphan disease that can lead to severe involvement of the gastrointestinal tract with a significant impact on patients' quality of life (QoL). The Mediterranean diet (MD) was consistently demonstrated to have beneficial effects on chronic diseases based on biological bases. We aimed to evaluate the adherence to the MD of Italian patients with SSc to preliminarily assess its association with gastrointestinal symptoms and other disease features, mood, and QoL. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, adherence to the MD was measured in 387 patients from four SSc Italian referral centers through the 14-item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (14-MEDAS) questionnaire. We also registered patients' reported outcomes related to the QoL and mood. RESULTS Overall, an optimal adherence to MD was observed in 14.7% of patients with SSc, a moderate adherence in 71.3%, and a low adherence in 14.0%. In univariate analysis, poor adherence to the MD was associated with a more prominent depressive mood, time missed at work, and perception of more severe Raynaud's phenomenon and digital ulcers, whereas the 14-MEDAS score inversely correlated with depression score and reflux. CONCLUSION In our cohort of patients with SSc, overall adherence to MD was moderate. Patients with lower adherence to MD also reported worse outcomes related to QoL and mood. Administration of the 14-MEDAS could be a reasonable choice to assess adherence to the MD in patients with SSc. Future initiatives to study the role of MD in the management of patients with SSc are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Corrado Campochiaro
- IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and Vita‐Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
| | - Giuseppina Abignano
- San Carlo Hospital, Potenza, Italy, and University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeedsUK
| | - Maria De Santis
- IRCCS‐Humanitas Clinical and Research Center and Humanitas UniversityMilanItaly
| | | | - Duygu Temiz Karadağ
- San Carlo Hospital, Potenza, Italy, and Canakkale State HospitalCanakkaleTurkey
| | | | - Giulio Cavalli
- IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and Vita‐Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
| | | | - Carlo Selmi
- IRCCS‐Humanitas Clinical and Research Center and Humanitas UniversityMilanItaly
| | - Marco Matucci‐Cerinic
- Vita‐Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, and University of Florence and AOUCFlorenceItaly
| | - Lorenzo Dagna
- IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and Vita‐Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
| | - Giacomo De Luca
- IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and Vita‐Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
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Cicero AFG, Fogacci F, Giovannini M, Rizzoli E, Grandi E, D’Addato S, Borghi C. The Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Plant Sterols on Total and LDL-Cholesterol in Plasma Is Affected by Adherence to Mediterranean Diet: Insights from the DESCO Randomized Clinical Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:4555. [PMID: 37960208 PMCID: PMC10649106 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant sterols are well-known natural lipid-lowering agents. The DESCO (Diet and plant sterols in the control of cholesterolemia) study was a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-way crossover clinical trial designed to investigate the effect of a once-a-day ready-to-drink dietary supplement containing 2.5 g of phytosterols on the lipid profile, also in relation to the quality of the diet, in a cohort of 50 Italian individuals with polygenic hypercholesterolemia and low global cardiovascular risk. Eligible individuals were enrolled in a run-in period of 2 weeks. Then, participants who qualified for continuation in the study were randomly allocated (1:1) to a 3-week treatment with either phytosterols or placebo. After a 2-week washout period, enrolled individuals were crossed over to receive the alternative treatment. Dietary supplementation with phytosterols was associated with significant improvement in plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC; -11.8 ± 4.0 mg/dL, p = 0.016), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; -7.8 ± 7.7 mg/dL, p = 0.021), and apolipoprotein B-100 (Apo B-100, -3.7 ± 4.1 mg/dL, p = 0.048) compared to baseline. The changes in TC and LDL-C were also significant compared to placebo, and greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet was significantly associated with greater reductions in LDL-C. Dietary supplementation with phytosterols was well tolerated and adherence to treatment was high. According to the findings of DESCO, the once-a-day ready-to-drink dietary supplement we tested is able to quickly and significantly decrease plasma levels of TC, LDL-C, and Apo B-100, with a greater effect in individuals more adhering to the Mediterranean dietary pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arrigo F. G. Cicero
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.G.C.); (M.G.); (E.R.); (E.G.); (S.D.); (C.B.)
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Fogacci
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.G.C.); (M.G.); (E.R.); (E.G.); (S.D.); (C.B.)
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), 40100 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marina Giovannini
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.G.C.); (M.G.); (E.R.); (E.G.); (S.D.); (C.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Rizzoli
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.G.C.); (M.G.); (E.R.); (E.G.); (S.D.); (C.B.)
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Grandi
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.G.C.); (M.G.); (E.R.); (E.G.); (S.D.); (C.B.)
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sergio D’Addato
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.G.C.); (M.G.); (E.R.); (E.G.); (S.D.); (C.B.)
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.G.C.); (M.G.); (E.R.); (E.G.); (S.D.); (C.B.)
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Bosetti C, Casirati A, Da Prat V, Masi S, Crotti S, Ferrari A, Perrone L, Serra F, Santucci C, Cereda E, Iannelli E, De Lorenzo F, Pedrazzoli P, Caccialanza R. Multicentric, observational, longitudinal study for the evaluation of nutritional management implications in newly diagnosed Italian cancer patients: the Italian Registry of Malnutrition in Oncology (IRMO). BMJ Open 2023; 13:e071858. [PMID: 37604631 PMCID: PMC10445343 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-071858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition is a frequent problem in oncology and is associated with reduced response to cancer treatments, increased drug-related toxicity, higher rates of clinical complications, reduced quality of life (QoL) and worse prognosis. Guidelines on clinical nutrition in oncology emphasise the usefulness of early assessment of nutritional status for a prompt identification of malnutrition and the implementation of effective interventions, but no real-world clinical data are available on the adequate management of nutritional support in patients with cancer in Italy. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is an observational, longitudinal, multicentre registry of patients with a new diagnosis of cancer or metastatic disease, candidates for active treatment. They will be identified in at least 15 Italian oncological centres, members of the Alliance Against Cancer Working Group 'Survivorship Care and Nutritional Support'. At least 1500 patients with cancer are expected to be enrolled each year. Detailed clinical and nutritional data will be collected by oncologists and clinical nutritionists during the visits foreseen in the clinical practice, through an ad hoc developed digital platform (e-Nutracare). The effects of malnutrition and nutritional support-at diagnosis and during follow-up-on overall survival and progression-free survival, as well as on patients' symptoms and QoL, will be investigated. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy and from the Ethics Committees of all other participating centres. An informed consent will be obtained from each patient enrolled in the study. Study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conferences and patients with cancer or professional associations. The registry will allow a better monitoring of the nutritional status of patients with cancer, promoting adequate and sustainable nutritional support, with the ultimate goal of improving the care and prognosis of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bosetti
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Amanda Casirati
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valentina Da Prat
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Masi
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Crotti
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ferrari
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Perrone
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Serra
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Santucci
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cereda
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Pedrazzoli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Caccialanza
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Marruganti C, Romandini M, Gaeta C, Cagidiaco EF, Discepoli N, Parrini S, Graziani F, Grandini S. Healthy lifestyles are associated with a better response to periodontal therapy: A prospective cohort study. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:1089-1100. [PMID: 37013691 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the association between lifestyle behaviours and clinical periodontal outcomes following Steps 1/2 of periodontal therapy. METHODS A total of 120 subjects with untreated Stage II/III periodontitis participated in this study. At baseline, questionnaires were administered to assess the following lifestyle behaviours: adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD), physical activity (PA) and stress levels, sleep quality, smoking and alcohol use. Participants received Steps 1/2 of periodontal therapy and were re-evaluated after 3 months. A composite outcome of the endpoint of therapy (i.e., no sites with probing pocket depth [PPD] ≥4 mm with bleeding on probing, and no sites with PPD ≥ 6 mm) was regarded as the primary outcome. Simple and multiple regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between lifestyle behaviours and clinical periodontal outcomes. Disease severity at baseline, body mass index, diabetes, household disposable income and plaque control were considered as confounders. RESULTS Multiple regression analyses showed significantly lower odds of achieving the endpoint of therapy in subjects with poor sleep quality (odds ratio [OR] = 0.13; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03-0.47; p < .01), smoking (OR = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.06-0.52; p < .05) and alcohol use above the suggested intake (OR = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.07-0.63; p < .01). Subjects with a combination of 'unhealthy lifestyles' (low adherence to MD and low PA levels and high levels of stress and poor sleep quality) showed higher proportions of residual PPD≥6 mm (MD = 1.51; 95% CI: 0.23-2.80; p < .05) and lower odds of achieving the endpoint of therapy (OR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.33-0.99; p < .05) at re-evaluation. CONCLUSIONS Subjects with unhealthy lifestyle behaviours showed worse clinical outcomes 3 months after Steps 1/2 of periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Marruganti
- Unit of Periodontology, Endodontology and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Mario Romandini
- Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlo Gaeta
- Unit of Periodontology, Endodontology and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Discepoli
- Unit of Periodontology, Endodontology and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Parrini
- Unit of Oral Surgery, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Filippo Graziani
- Sub-Unit of Periodontology, Halitosis and Periodontal Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Grandini
- Unit of Periodontology, Endodontology and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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7
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Hutchinson JM, Williams TE, Westaway AM, Bédard A, Pitre C, Lemieux S, Dodd KW, Lamarche B, Guenther PM, Haines J, Wallace A, Martin A, Louzada MLDC, Jessri M, Olstad DL, Prowse R, Simpson JR, Vena JE, Kirkpatrick SI. Development of the Canadian Food Intake Screener to assess alignment of adults' dietary intake with the 2019 Canada's Food Guide healthy food choices recommendations. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2023; 48:603-619. [PMID: 37094383 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
NOVELTY The Canadian Food Intake Screener was developed to rapidly assess alignment of adults' dietary intake over the past month with the Food Guide's healthy food choices recommendations. The screener was developed and evaluated through an iterative process that included three rounds of cognitive interviews in each of English and French, along with ongoing feedback from external advisors and face and content validity testing with a separate panel of content experts. The 16-question screener is intended for use with adults, aged 18-65 years, with marginal and higher health literacy in research and surveillance contexts in which comprehensive dietary assessment is not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy M Hutchinson
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Tabitha E Williams
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Ailish M Westaway
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandra Bédard
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Camille Pitre
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- École de nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Simone Lemieux
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- École de nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Kevin W Dodd
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- École de nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Patricia M Guenther
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jess Haines
- Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Angela Wallace
- Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Alicia Martin
- Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Laura da Costa Louzada
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health; Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mahsa Jessri
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dana Lee Olstad
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Rachel Prowse
- Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | | | - Jennifer E Vena
- Alberta's Tomorrow Project, Cancer Research and Analytics, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Serrano D, Bellerba F, Johansson H, Macis D, Aristarco V, Accornero CA, Guerrieri-Gonzaga A, Trovato CM, Zampino MG, Salè EO, Bonanni B, Gandini S, Gnagnarella P. Vitamin D Supplementation and Adherence to World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) Diet Recommendations for Colorectal Cancer Prevention: A Nested Prospective Cohort Study of a Phase II Randomized Trial. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1766. [PMID: 37371861 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D and a healthy diet, based on World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) recommendations, are considered key elements for colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention. In a CRC case-control study, we observed that CRC cases were often significantly Vitamin D deficient while subjects following WCRF recommendations significantly decreased their risk of developing CRC. We conducted a randomized phase-II trial (EudraCT number-2015-000467-14) where 74 CRC patients showed differences in response to Vitamin D supplementation, 2000 IU in average per day, according to gender and microbiota. The aim of this nested study is to correlate Vitamin D (supplementation, serum level and receptor polymorphisms), circulating biomarkers, and events (polyp/adenoma, CRC relapse and other cancers) in concomitant to WCRF recommendation adherence. Vitamin D supplementation did not modulate circulating biomarkers or follow-up events. FokI and TaqI VDR were associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels. Patients following the WCRF recommendations had significantly lower leptin, significantly lower IL-6 (only in females), and significantly lower risk of events (HR = 0.41, 95%CI: 0.18-0.92; p = 0.03; median follow-up 2.6 years). Interestingly, no WCRF adherents had significantly more events if they were in the placebo (p < 0.0001), whereas no influence of WCRF was observed in the Vitamin D arm. While one-year Vitamin D supplementation might be too short to show significant preventive activity, a healthy diet and lifestyle should be the first step for preventive programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Serrano
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Bellerba
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Harriet Johansson
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Debora Macis
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Aristarco
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara A Accornero
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Aliana Guerrieri-Gonzaga
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina M Trovato
- Division of Endoscopy, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Zampino
- Division of Medical Oncology Gastrointestinal and Neuroendocrine Tumors, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Omodeo Salè
- Division of Pharmacy, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Gandini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Gnagnarella
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
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Biasini B, Rosi A, Scazzina F, Menozzi D. Predicting the Adoption of a Sustainable Diet in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in Italy. Nutrients 2023; 15:2784. [PMID: 37375688 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Shifting food choices towards sustainability entails the analysis of dietary behavior determinants. This study aimed to explain and predict the intention to follow a sustainable diet and its adoption in a representative sample of adults (n = 838) in Italy. An online survey based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) was developed. The adoption of a sustainable diet was measured as self-perceived behavior, adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), and food consumption frequencies. Psychometric analysis and correlations between attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control (PBC) with both intention and behavior assessments were evaluated. Structural equation models were used to test whether and to what extent attitude, subjective norms, and PBC explained intention and behavior. Significant associations were found between TPB constructs and the behavior measures underlining the main role of intention and PBC in affecting behavior. The applied TPB models explained behavioral intention at most (78%). The results suggested promising interventions in narrowing the attitude-behavior gap to encourage specific adult population groups in Italy to adopt virtuous food consumption habits. Beside the implementation of price mechanism strategies, educational initiatives to increase awareness about food and diet sustainability issues and the reinforcement of the perceived control on food consumption at the individual level are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Biasini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Alice Rosi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Scazzina
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Davide Menozzi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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Croce L, Pallavicini C, Busca N, Calì B, Bellastella G, Coperchini F, Magri F, Chiovato L, Cena H, Rotondi M. Pre-surgery dietician counseling can prevent post-thyroidectomy body weight gain: results of an intervention trial. Endocrine 2023:10.1007/s12020-023-03365-z. [PMID: 37074559 PMCID: PMC10293335 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE It is widely accepted that patients experience weight gain after total thyroidectomy, and preventive measures should be recommended. METHODS A prospective study was designed to assess the efficacy of a dietetic intervention to prevent post-thyroidectomy weight gain in patients undergoing surgery for both benign and malignant thyroid conditions. Patients undergoing total thyroidectomy were prospectively and randomly assigned to receive a personalized pre-surgery diet counseling (GROUP A) or no intervention (GROUP B), according to a 1:2 ratio. All patients underwent follow-up with body-weight measurement, thyroid function evaluation and lifestyle and eating habits assessment at baseline (T0), 45 days (T1) and 12 months (T2) post-surgery. RESULTS The final study group encompassed 30 patients in Group A and 58 patients in Group B. The two groups were similar in terms of age, sex, pre-surgery BMI, thyroid function and underlying thyroid condition. The evaluation of body weight variations showed that patients in Group A did not experience significant body weight changes at either T1 (p = 0.127) nor T2 (p = 0.890). At difference, patients in Group B underwent a significant body weight increase from T0 to both T1 (p = 0.009) and T2 (p = 0.009). TSH levels were similar in the two groups, both at T1 and T2. Lifestyle and eating habits questionnaires failed to register any significant difference between the two groups, apart from an increase in sweetened beverages consumption in Group B. CONCLUSIONS A dietician counseling is effective in preventing the post-thyroidectomy weight gain. Further studies in larger series of patients with a longer follow-up appear worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Croce
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Pavia, 27100, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - Cristina Pallavicini
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Noemi Busca
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Benedetto Calì
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Department of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bellastella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Coperchini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Flavia Magri
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Luca Chiovato
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Hellas Cena
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Endocrinology, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mario Rotondi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy.
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New Validated Short Questionnaire for the Evaluation of the Adherence of Mediterranean Diet and Nutritional Sustainability in All Adult Population Groups. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235177. [PMID: 36501206 PMCID: PMC9736956 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MD) is favourable for its sustainability and beneficial effects on health. The available questionnaires, according to the MD dietary pattern, include the assessment of moderate alcohol consumption; but some groups, such as young adults and pre-conceptional and pregnant women, are not allowed to consume it. The aim of this study was to validate a new short questionnaire (MedQ-Sus) excluding alcohol consumption, to measure the adherence to the MD and to evaluate the nutritional adherence to a sustainable diet. The Harvard validated questionnaire was used for the validation study. A total of 316 subjects (20 to 70 YOA) completed both questionnaires. A high Spearman correlation coefficient (rho = 0.69; p < 0.01) was found between the MedQ-Sus and Harvard scores; a statistically significant positive correlation was found for all eight food groups. The MedQ-Sus had a significant discriminative capacity between adherence and non-adherence to the MD (optimal cut-off point = 9.5, sensitivity 0.86, specificity = 0.65). A very high nutritional adherence to a sustainable diet was found in the subjects for olive oil (97%), dairy food (90%), fresh vegetables (89%), fish and fish products (73), fresh fruit (56%), and cereals and cereals products (42%). A very low adherence was found for legumes (22%) and meat and meat products (9%). The results showed MedQ-Sus is a valid and quick assessment instrument for the evaluation of the adherence to the MD in all population groups, and could also be useful to evaluate the nutritional sustainability of the diet.
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Comparative Analysis of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Content in Mother's Milk of Term and Preterm Mothers. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214595. [PMID: 36364856 PMCID: PMC9654769 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives and Study: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) plays an essential role in infants’ development. Maternal diet and breastmilk are the primary DHA sources for newborns. This single-center observational study aimed to compare the DHA content in mother’s milk of preterm mothers with that of term ones, and to investigate the changes in mother’s milk DHA content according to the week of the gestational age. Methods: A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was submitted to each mother to estimate the DHA intake during the last trimester of pregnancy, and the mother’s milk was collected between 24 and 96 h post-partum. Results: Women who gave birth prematurely showed a lower content of mother’s milk DHA than the term ones (0.51; IQR 0.38−0.6% FA vs. 0.71; IQR 0.52−0.95% FA; p = 0.001). In the multivariate linear regression analyses, for each additional week of gestational age, there was an increase in DHA content in the mother’s milk (0.046% FA; CI 95% 0.018−0.074; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our results suggest that breast milk may not be sufficient to fully satisfy the recommended DHA intake in preterm infants. This study may represent a starting point to investigate new possible DHA supplementation strategies, especially for the late and moderate preterm infants.
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Evaluation of Simplified Diet Scores Related to C-Reactive Protein in Heavy Smokers Undergoing Lung Cancer Screening. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204312. [PMID: 36296996 PMCID: PMC9610125 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between adherence to a healthy diet, such as the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in Italian heavy smokers undergoing an LDCT screening program (bioMILD trial), using scores calculated by simple questionnaires. Simple formats of food frequency questionnaires were administered to a sample of 2438 volunteers, and the adherence to a healthy diet was measured by the validated 14-point MEDAS and by two adaptations proposed by us: 17-item revised-MEDAS and 18-item revised-MEDAS. The OR of CRP ≥ 2 mg/L for 1-point increase in 14-point MEDAS score was 0.95 (95% CI 0.91–0.99), for 17-point score was 0.94 (95% CI 0.91–0.98), and for 18-point score was 0.92 (95% CI 0.88–0.97). These inverse associations remained statistically significant also after further adjustment for body mass index. These results showed the efficacy of simplified scores and their relationship with lower levels of CRP in a population of heavy smokers. This suggests that a targeted nutritional intervention might achieve a substantial reduction in CRP levels. The findings will be prospectively tested in a new randomized study on primary prevention during lung cancer screening.
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Menghi L, Endrizzi I, Cliceri D, Zampini M, Giacalone D, Gasperi F. Validating the Italian version of the Adult Picky Eating Questionnaire. Food Qual Prefer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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15
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Aiello P, Peluso I, Di Giacomo S, Di Sotto A, Villaño Valencia D. Body Composition and Metabolic Status of Italian and Spanish University Students: Relationship with Fruit and Vegetable Consumption. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163296. [PMID: 36014802 PMCID: PMC9415832 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most university students do not follow recommendations for fruit and vegetable intake, with a consequent increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. The aim of this study was to compare obesity prevalence and biomarkers of metabolic status between Italian and Spanish university students, in relation with the consumption of fruits and vegetables. Food consumption, adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MD), level of physical activity (PA), blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and ketones, blood pressure, and body composition were evaluated. Among CVD risk factors, only glucose was significantly higher in Spaniards (SP), and only 3.1% of SP presented ketosis. SP had a higher percentage of energy from fat. Although adherence to MD and fruit and vegetable consumption did not differ between Italians and SP, students who consumed at least four servings of fruit and vegetables (FV group) showed better values for pressure and metabolic parameters than the no FV group. We observed an association between consumption of fruit and PA. Students who consumed more vegetables than fruit reported a better body composition profile and lower glucose concentrations. As previously suggested, in addition to PA, two servings of fruit and three servings of vegetables per day should be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Aiello
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, La Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Health Sciences PhD Program, Universidad Católica de Murcia UCAM, Campus de los Jerónimos n°135, 30107 Guadalupe, Spain
- Correspondence: or (P.A.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Ilaria Peluso
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Giacomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, La Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, La Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: or (P.A.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Débora Villaño Valencia
- “Nutrición, Estrés Oxidativo y Biodisponibilidad” Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Católica de Murcia UCAM, Campus de los Jerónimos n°135, 30107 Guadalupe, Spain
- “Producción Animal, Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos” Research Group, Department of Agronomy, Biotechnology and Food Science, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Campus de Arrosadía, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
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The Impact of Sport Activity Shut down during the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: Was It Worthwhile? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137908. [PMID: 35805566 PMCID: PMC9265880 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a national retrospective survey of 1764 athletes aged ≤25 years to investigate the benefit–risk balance of sport closure during the COVID-19 pandemic peaks in Italy. Univariate and multivariable analyses were carried out to investigate the association between sport practice during the study period and (1) the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in athletes and their families and (2) body mass index (BMI) change, and adherence to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for physical activity. The percentage of subjects with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test was similar in those participating and not taking part into sport activities (11% vs. 12%, respectively, p = 0.31). Restricting the analysis to subjects who practiced sports within an organized sport society/center, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 positivity was reduced for athletes who had never stopped their training (odds ratio (OR); 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.62; 0.41–0.93). On the other side, responders who had stopped sport activity showed a 1% increase in BMI. Adherence to WHO guidelines for physical activity was significantly higher for athletes who had continued sport activities. In conclusion, sport closure and limitations had an important negative impact on the overall health of young athletes, being also not effective in reducing the spread of COVID-19.
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Aiello P, Peluso I, Villaño Valencia D. Alcohol Consumption by Italian and Spanish University Students in Relation to Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and to the Food Neophobia: A Pilot Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020393. [PMID: 35207005 PMCID: PMC8872188 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to relate alcohol consumption with adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and with food neophobia (FN) among Italian and Spanish university students. Volunteers (n = 194, 108 Italian and 86 Spanish), recruited at the La Sapienza University of Rome and the Catholic University of Murcia, filled in standardized questionnaires to evaluate alcohol consumption (AUDIT), FN (FN Scale: FNS), and adherence to the MD (MDS-14, MED-55, QueMD). In addition to the previously reported QueMD sub-score (aMED), a sub-score for non-typical MD foods (ntMED, carbonated and/or sugar-sweetened beverages (soft drinks), butter, margarine, or cooking cream, and manufactured sweets, pastries, and cakes) was evaluated. Italian females had higher MED-55 and FNS scores, and a lower AUDIT score than Spaniards (p < 0.01). Students who stayed with their family (resident) were more adherent to MD than those who moved away from home. Resident Italians consumed less beer, hard liquors, and cocktails than Spaniards on Saturday nights (p < 0.01). There were negative correlations between AUDIT and QueMD (R squared: 0.137, p < 0.05), and AUDIT and ntMED (R squared: 0.201, p < 0.01) in Spaniards, however, there was no relationship between AUDIT and other MD scores. In conclusion, this pilot study suggests that non-typical MD foods and Saturday night consumptions, related to being far from home, have a great impact on alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Aiello
- Health Sciences PhD Program, Universidad Católica de Murcia UCAM, Campus de los Jerónimos n°135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain;
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, La Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Peluso
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-329-613-1353
| | - Débora Villaño Valencia
- “Nutrición, Estrés Oxidativo y Biodisponibilidad” Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Católica de Murcia UCAM, Campus de los Jerónimos n°135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain;
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Marruganti C, Traversi J, Gaeta C, Ferrari Cagidiaco E, Parrini S, Discepoli N, Grandini S. Adherence to mediterranean diet, physical activity level and severity of periodontitis. Results from a University-based cross-sectional study. J Periodontol 2022; 93:1218-1232. [PMID: 35119695 PMCID: PMC9544461 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AIM to evaluate the association between adherence to Mediterranean Diet (MD) and Physical Activity (PA) level with the periodontal status of a University-based cohort of individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS 235 individuals were included in the study. MD adherence and PA level were registered through validated questionnaires, together with a full periodontal examination. Crude and adjusted Odds ratios (ORs) [95% Confidence Interval] were calculated to evaluate the association between MD adherence, PA level and periodontitis severity. A final logistic multivariate regression model was built to evaluate the impact of the combination between low MD adherence and low PA level on the prevalence of stage III/IV periodontitis. RESULTS The adjusted ORs for stage III/IV periodontitis were 1.65[0.84-3.28;p = .42] for low PA and 5.63[3.21-9.84;p = .00] for low MD adherence. The final logistic multivariate regression model resulted in OR = 10.23[4.01,26.09;p = .00] of having stage III/IV periodontitis in individuals with low MD adherence and low PA. CONCLUSIONS Individuals conducing a lifestyle characterized by the combination of low MD adherence and lack of regular exercise had 10 times the odds to have severe forms of periodontitis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Marruganti
- Unit of Periodontology, Endodontology and Restorative dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Jacopo Traversi
- Unit of Periodontology, Endodontology and Restorative dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Carlo Gaeta
- Unit of Periodontology, Endodontology and Restorative dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Parrini
- Unit of Oral Surgery, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Discepoli
- Unit of Periodontology, Endodontology and Restorative dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Simone Grandini
- Unit of Periodontology, Endodontology and Restorative dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Development and Validation of a Short Questionnaire on Dietary and Physical Activity Habits for Patients Submitted to Bariatric Endoscopic Therapies. Obes Surg 2021; 32:142-151. [PMID: 34664149 PMCID: PMC8752550 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05754-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Individuals with obesity frequently regain weigh after endoscopic bariatric therapies (EBT) unless they adhere to healthy habits. The objective was to create and validate a short, self-administered questionnaire (EMOVE) to assess healthy dietary and physical activity (PA) habits’ adherence to be used in clinical practice. Materials and Methods In this prospective, unicentric study, 463 patients completed the short, Spanish EMOVE questionnaire, to be validated following the Medical Outcome Trust Criteria. Conceptual and measurement model, reliability (internal consistency and test–retest [subgroup of 93 patients]), construct validity, responsiveness, interpretability, and burden were evaluated. Patients enrolled from January 2017 through August 2018 and auto-filled the EMOVE at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months. Results Patients submitted to intragastric ballon for 6 and 12 months or POSE were 82.7% women with a mean age of 42.7 years, and a mean BMI of 37.1 kg/m2. Four factors were extracted with exploratory factor analysis related to intake frequency, portions and proportions, time and place of eating, and physical activity. EMOVE showed adequate internal consistency (α = 0.73), very good test–retest (r = 0.91, CI: 0.86–0.94; p < 0.001), moderate construct validity of dietary (r = 0.24, CI: 0.11–0.37, p < 0.001), and PA habits (r = 0.44, CI 0.30–0.58; p < 0.001). Stable responsiveness, with correlations from 0.29 to 0.39 (p < 0.001) between the EMOVE scores and the % of total weight loss at 3, 6, and 12 months. Participants categorized as having good or excellent habits (score ≥ 30 points) lost significantly more weight (p < 0.05). Finally, the administration burden was 2.96 min. Conclusion The EMOVE is a useful tool in Spanish language to easily assess the level of adherence to healthy dietary and PA habits to be used routinely in clinical practice. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11695-021-05754-7.
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Biasini B, Rosi A, Menozzi D, Scazzina F. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Association with Self-Perception of Diet Sustainability, Anthropometric and Sociodemographic Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Italian Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093282. [PMID: 34579159 PMCID: PMC8468784 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The adoption of sustainable dietary models, such as the Mediterranean Diet (MD), can be a valuable strategy to preserve ecosystems and human health. This study aims to investigate in an Italian adult representative sample the adherence to the MD and to what extent it is associated with the self-perceived adoption of a sustainable diet, the consideration of the MD as a sustainable dietary model, and anthropometric and sociodemographic factors. By applying an online survey (n = 838, 18-65 years, 52% female), an intermediate level of MD adherence (median: 4.0, IR: 3.0-4.0) in a 0-9 range was observed. Only 50% of the total sample confirmed the MD as a sustainable dietary model, and 84% declared no or low perception of adopting a sustainable diet. Being female, having a higher income and education level, considering the MD as a sustainable dietary model, as well as the perception of having a sustainable diet were the most relevant factors influencing the probability of having a high score (≥6) of adherence to the MD. This study suggests a gradual shift away from the MD in Italy and supports the need to address efforts for developing intervention strategies tailored to adults for improving diet quality. Furthermore, a public campaign should stress the link between a diet and its environmental impact to foster nutritionally adequate and eco-friendly dietary behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Biasini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy; (B.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Alice Rosi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy; (B.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Davide Menozzi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Via Kennedy 6, 43125 Parma, Italy;
| | - Francesca Scazzina
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy; (B.B.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0521-906203
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Adherence to the Mediterranean diet during pregnancy is associated with lower odds of excessive gestational weight gain and postpartum weight retention: results of the Mother-Infant Study Cohort. Br J Nutr 2021; 128:1401-1412. [PMID: 34294166 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521002762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During the first 1000 d of life, gestational weight gain (GWG) and postpartum weight retention (PPWR) are considered critical determinants of nutritional status. This study examined the effect of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) during pregnancy on GWG and PPWR at 2 and 6 months among women in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), using data from the Mother-Infant Study Cohort. The latter is a prospective study, for which pregnant women were recruited (n 243) during their third trimester and were followed up for 18 months. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and anthropometric measurements were obtained. An eighty-six-item FFQ was used to examine dietary intake during pregnancy. Adherence to the MD was assessed using the alternate MD (aMED) and the Lebanese MD (LMD). Adherence to the MD, PPWR2 (2 months) and PPWR6 (6 months) were considered high if participants belonged to the third tertile of the respective measures. Results indicated that 57·5 % of participants had excessive GWG while 50·7 % and 45 % retained ≥ 5 kg at 2 and 6 months postpartum, respectively. After adjustment, adherence to both MD scores was associated with lower odds of excessive GWG (aMED, OR:0·41, 95 % CI:0·18, 0·93; LMD, OR:0·40, 95 % CI: 0·16, 0·98). Adherence to MD was also associated with PPWR2 (aMED: OR: 0·23, 95 % CI: 0·06, 0·88) and PPWR6 (aMED OR:0·26; 95 % CI:0·08-0·86; LMD, OR:0·32; 95 % CI: 0·1, 0·98). The findings of this study showed that adherence to the MD may reduce GWG and PPWR and, hence, underscored the importance of promoting the MD for better health of the mother and infant.
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Mediterranean diet scoring systems: understanding the evolution and applications for Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean countries. Br J Nutr 2021; 128:1371-1392. [PMID: 34289917 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521002476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MedD) is a flexible dietary pattern which has such variability that has led to inconsistencies in definitions and assessment. The purpose of this narrative review is to evaluate scoring systems in a cultural and geographic context, from Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean countries, for comparison and application. The early MedD scoring systems (i.e. Trichopoulou's MedD Scale (T-MDS) and alternative MedD Scale (aMed)) are widely applied throughout the world but use population-specific median cut-offs which limit interpretation and cross-study comparisons. The T-MDS and aMed also do not account for non-traditional MedD foods which are consumed in greater quantities than when the scoring systems were developed. Scoring systems developed after the MedD pyramid publication in 2011 have generally used these recommendations as a basis for food group intake cut-offs, incorporating more foods/food groups as negative components, and some have included dietary and lifestyle behaviours. The different approaches to MedD assessment have created much variability in the foods/food group components included in scoring systems. Assessments that include dietary and lifestyle behaviours may reflect the nutrition transition occurring in Mediterranean countries and better guide clinical intervention approaches. While the new scoring systems are theorised to better capture MedD adherence and behaviours, comparisons are sparse in the literature and none exists outside of Europe. Consensus on food and dietary behaviours to include as well as the methodology for assigning points in MedD scoring systems is needed to advance our understanding of MedD and health relationships to promote public health messaging and clinical application.
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Prete M, Luzzetti A, Augustin LSA, Porciello G, Montagnese C, Calabrese I, Ballarin G, Coluccia S, Patel L, Vitale S, Palumbo E, Celentano E, La Vecchia C, Crispo A. Changes in Lifestyle and Dietary Habits during COVID-19 Lockdown in Italy: Results of an Online Survey. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061923. [PMID: 34205057 PMCID: PMC8230113 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is an unprecedented global pandemic. On 12 March 2020, a lockdown order was issued in Italy in attempt to contain the health crisis. The study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on diet, physical activity, sleep quality, and distress in an Italian cohort. An online anonymous interview, which included validated questionnaires was created to compare lifestyle habits pre- and during the lockdown. Data analysis from 604 subjects with a mean age of 29.8 years was carried out using multivariate analysis. Compared to pre-COVID-19 times, 67% of people changed their eating habits and increased consumption of foods containing added sugars. Women and men with low adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) were more likely to be physically inactive (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.01, respectively). Results from logistic regression showed a three times higher risk of being inactive if adherence to the MedDiet was low (p < 0.0001), especially in men between 26 and 35 years. Lower levels of distress were reported in males who were physically active (89%) (p < 0.001). Our findings may help to identify effective lifestyle interventions during restrictive conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Prete
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, MI, Italy; (M.P.); (L.P.); (C.L.V.)
| | - Anna Luzzetti
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, NA, Italy;
| | - Livia S. A. Augustin
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola 1, 80131 Naples, NA, Italy; (G.P.); (S.C.); (S.V.); (E.P.); (E.C.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Porciello
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola 1, 80131 Naples, NA, Italy; (G.P.); (S.C.); (S.V.); (E.P.); (E.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Concetta Montagnese
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola 1, 80131 Naples, NA, Italy; (G.P.); (S.C.); (S.V.); (E.P.); (E.C.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Ilaria Calabrese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, NA, Italy;
| | - Giada Ballarin
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, Parthenope University, Via F. Acton 38, 80133 Naples, NA, Italy;
| | - Sergio Coluccia
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola 1, 80131 Naples, NA, Italy; (G.P.); (S.C.); (S.V.); (E.P.); (E.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Linia Patel
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, MI, Italy; (M.P.); (L.P.); (C.L.V.)
| | - Sara Vitale
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola 1, 80131 Naples, NA, Italy; (G.P.); (S.C.); (S.V.); (E.P.); (E.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Elvira Palumbo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola 1, 80131 Naples, NA, Italy; (G.P.); (S.C.); (S.V.); (E.P.); (E.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Egidio Celentano
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola 1, 80131 Naples, NA, Italy; (G.P.); (S.C.); (S.V.); (E.P.); (E.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, MI, Italy; (M.P.); (L.P.); (C.L.V.)
| | - Anna Crispo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola 1, 80131 Naples, NA, Italy; (G.P.); (S.C.); (S.V.); (E.P.); (E.C.); (A.C.)
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Quarta S, Massaro M, Chervenkov M, Ivanova T, Dimitrova D, Jorge R, Andrade V, Philippou E, Zisimou C, Maksimova V, Smilkov K, Ackova DG, Miloseva L, Ruskovska T, Deligiannidou GE, Kontogiorgis CA, Sánchez-Meca J, Pinto P, García-Conesa MT. Persistent Moderate-to-Weak Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Low Scoring for Plant-Based Foods across Several Southern European Countries: Are We Overlooking the Mediterranean Diet Recommendations? Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051432. [PMID: 33922771 PMCID: PMC8145023 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been sponsored worldwide as a healthy and sustainable diet. Our aim was to update and compare MD adherence and food choices across several Southern European countries: Spain (SP), Portugal (PT), Italy (IT), Greece (GR), and Cyprus (CY) (MED, Mediterranean), and Bulgaria (BG) and the Republic of North Macedonia (NMK) (non-MED, non-Mediterranean). Participants (N = 3145, ≥18 y) completed a survey (MeDiWeB) with sociodemographic, anthropometric, and food questions (14-item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener, 14-MEDAS). The MED and non-MED populations showed moderate (7.08 ± 1.96) and weak (5.58 ± 1.82) MD adherence, respectively, with significant yet small differences across countries (SP > PT > GR > IT > CY > BG > NMK, p-value < 0.001). The MED participants scored higher than the non-MED ones for most of the Mediterranean-typical foods, with the greatest differences found for olive oil (OO) and white meat preference. In most countries, ≥70% of the participants reported quantities of red meat, butter, sweet drinks, and desserts below the recommended cutoff points, whereas <50% achieved the targets for plant-based foods, OO, fish, and wine. Being a woman and increasing age were associated with superior adherence (p-value < 0.001), but differences were rather small. Our results suggest that the campaigns carried out to support and reinforce the MD and to promote plant-based foods have limited success across Southern Europe, and that more hard-hitting strategies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Quarta
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Marika Massaro
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Mihail Chervenkov
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Forestry, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria;
- Slow Food in Bulgaria, 9 Pierre De Geytre St. bl. 3, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.I.); (D.D.)
| | - Teodora Ivanova
- Slow Food in Bulgaria, 9 Pierre De Geytre St. bl. 3, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.I.); (D.D.)
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dessislava Dimitrova
- Slow Food in Bulgaria, 9 Pierre De Geytre St. bl. 3, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.I.); (D.D.)
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rui Jorge
- Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Escola Superior Agraria, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal; (R.J.); (V.A.)
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), IPSantarém/IPLeiria, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Vanda Andrade
- Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Escola Superior Agraria, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal; (R.J.); (V.A.)
| | - Elena Philippou
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 1700, Cyprus; (E.P.); (C.Z.)
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Constantinos Zisimou
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 1700, Cyprus; (E.P.); (C.Z.)
| | - Viktorija Maksimova
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Goce Delcev, str. Krste Misirkov, No. 10-A, POB 201, 2000 Stip, North Macedonia; (V.M.); (K.S.); (D.G.A.); (L.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Katarina Smilkov
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Goce Delcev, str. Krste Misirkov, No. 10-A, POB 201, 2000 Stip, North Macedonia; (V.M.); (K.S.); (D.G.A.); (L.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Darinka Gjorgieva Ackova
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Goce Delcev, str. Krste Misirkov, No. 10-A, POB 201, 2000 Stip, North Macedonia; (V.M.); (K.S.); (D.G.A.); (L.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Lence Miloseva
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Goce Delcev, str. Krste Misirkov, No. 10-A, POB 201, 2000 Stip, North Macedonia; (V.M.); (K.S.); (D.G.A.); (L.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Tatjana Ruskovska
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Goce Delcev, str. Krste Misirkov, No. 10-A, POB 201, 2000 Stip, North Macedonia; (V.M.); (K.S.); (D.G.A.); (L.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Georgia Eirini Deligiannidou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (G.E.D.); (C.A.K.)
| | - Christos A. Kontogiorgis
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (G.E.D.); (C.A.K.)
| | - Julio Sánchez-Meca
- Department of Basic Psychology & Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Paula Pinto
- Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Escola Superior Agraria, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal; (R.J.); (V.A.)
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), IPSantarém/IPLeiria, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (M-T.G.-C.); Tel.: +34-(968)396-276 (M-T.G.-C.)
| | - María-Teresa García-Conesa
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (M-T.G.-C.); Tel.: +34-(968)396-276 (M-T.G.-C.)
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Fontalba-Romero MI, López-Enriquez S, Lago-Sampedro A, Garcia-Escobar E, Pastori RL, Domínguez-Bendala J, Alvarez-Cubela S, Valdés S, Rojo-Martinez G, García-Fuentes E, Labajos-Manzanares MT, García-Serrano S. Association between the Mediterranean Diet and Metabolic Syndrome with Serum Levels of miRNA in Morbid Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020436. [PMID: 33572759 PMCID: PMC7911421 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The Mediterranean diet (MD) could be involved in the regulation of different miRNAs related to metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods: We analyzed the serum level of mir-let7a-5p, mir-21, mir-590, mir-107 and mir-192 in patients with morbid obesity and its association with the MD and MS. Results: There is an association between the adherence to MD and higher serum levels of mir-590. Mir-590 was lower in those patients who consumed >2 commercial pastries/week. Mir-let7a was lower in those who consumed ≥1 sweetened drinks, in those who consumed ≥3 pieces of fruit/day and in those who consumed less red than white meat. A lower mir-590 and mir-let7a, and a higher mir-192 level, were found in patients who met the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) criterion of MS. A higher mir-192 was found in those patients who met the triglyceride criterion of MS and in those with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Conclusions: There is an association between specific serum levels of miRNAs and the amount and kind of food intake related to MD. Mir-590 was positively associated with a healthy metabolic profile and type of diet, while mir-192 was positively associated with a worse metabolic profile. These associations could be suggestive of a possible modulation of these miRNAs by food.
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Affiliation(s)
- María I. Fontalba-Romero
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.I.F.-R.); (A.L.-S.); (E.G.-E.); (S.V.); (S.G.-S.)
| | - Soledad López-Enriquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana Lago-Sampedro
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.I.F.-R.); (A.L.-S.); (E.G.-E.); (S.V.); (S.G.-S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Eva Garcia-Escobar
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.I.F.-R.); (A.L.-S.); (E.G.-E.); (S.V.); (S.G.-S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), 29009 Málaga, Spain
| | - Ricardo L. Pastori
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.L.P.); (J.D.-B.); (S.A.-C.)
| | - Juan Domínguez-Bendala
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.L.P.); (J.D.-B.); (S.A.-C.)
| | - Silvia Alvarez-Cubela
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.L.P.); (J.D.-B.); (S.A.-C.)
| | - Sergio Valdés
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.I.F.-R.); (A.L.-S.); (E.G.-E.); (S.V.); (S.G.-S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), 29009 Málaga, Spain
| | - Gemma Rojo-Martinez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.I.F.-R.); (A.L.-S.); (E.G.-E.); (S.V.); (S.G.-S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), 29009 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.R.-M); (E.G.-F.)
| | - Eduardo García-Fuentes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.R.-M); (E.G.-F.)
| | | | - Sara García-Serrano
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.I.F.-R.); (A.L.-S.); (E.G.-E.); (S.V.); (S.G.-S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), 29009 Málaga, Spain
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Microbiome as Mediator of Diet on Colorectal Cancer Risk: The Role of Vitamin D, Markers of Inflammation and Adipokines. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020363. [PMID: 33504116 PMCID: PMC7911673 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diet are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, and microbiome could mediate this risk factor. To investigate this interaction, we performed a case–control study (34 CRC cases and 32 controls) and analyzed fecal microbiota composition using 16S rRNA metabarcoding and sub-sequential shotgun analyses of genomic bacterial DNA to evaluate the role of microbiome and diet in CRC etiology, taking into account vitamin D and other risk biomarkers. Dietary habits were evaluated using a short questionnaire. Multivariate methods for data integration and mediation analysis models were used to investigate causal relationships. CRC cases were significantly more often deficient in vitamin D than controls (p = 0.04); FokI and CYP24A1 polymorphism frequency were different between cases and controls (p = 0.03 and p = 0.02, respectively). A diet poor in fatty fish and rich in carbohydrates was found to be significantly associated with CRC risk (p = 0.011). The mediation analysis confirmed the significant role of the microbiome in mediating CRC risk—increasing levels of Bifidobacteria/Escherichia genera ratio, an indicator of “healthy” intestinal microbiome, can overcome the effect of diet on CRC risk (p = 0.03). This study suggests that microbiome mediates the diet effect on CRC risk, and that vitamin D, markers of inflammation, and adipokines are other factors to consider in order to achieve a better knowledge of the whole carcinogenic process.
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Romanidou M, Tripsianis G, Hershey MS, Sotos-Prieto M, Christophi C, Moffatt S, Constantinidis TC, Kales SN. Association of the Modified Mediterranean Diet Score (mMDS) with Anthropometric and Biochemical Indices in US Career Firefighters. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123693. [PMID: 33265967 PMCID: PMC7759922 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is associated with multiple health benefits, and the modified Mediterranean Diet Score (mMDS) has been previously validated as a measure of Mediterranean diet adherence. The aim of this study was to examine associations between the mMDS and anthropometric indices, blood pressure, and biochemical parameters in a sample of career firefighters. The participants were from Indiana Fire Departments, taking part in the "Feeding America's Bravest" study, a cluster-randomized controlled trial that aimed to assess the efficacy of a Mediterranean diet intervention. We measured Mediterranean diet adherence using the mMDS. Anthropometric, blood pressure, and biochemical measurements were also collected. Univariate and multivariate linear regression models were used. In unadjusted analyses, many expected favorable associations between the mMDS and cardiovascular disease risk factors were found among the 460 firefighters. After adjustment for age, gender, ethnicity, physical activity, and smoking, a unitary increase in the mMDS remained associated with a decrease of the total cholesterol/HDL ratio (β-coefficient -0.028, p = 0.002) and an increase of HDL-cholesterol (β-coefficient 0.254, p = 0.004). In conclusion, greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with markers of decreased cardiometabolic risk. The mMDS score is a valid instrument for measuring adherence to the Mediterranean diet and may have additional utility in research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Romanidou
- Department of Medical Statistics, Medical Faculty, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
- Correspondence:
| | - Grigorios Tripsianis
- Department of Medical Statistics, Medical Faculty, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Maria Soledad Hershey
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Navarra Institute for Health Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Mercedes Sotos-Prieto
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215, USA or (M.S.-P.); (C.C.); (S.N.K.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPaz (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz), Calle del Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network Centre of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Costas Christophi
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215, USA or (M.S.-P.); (C.C.); (S.N.K.)
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., Lemesos 3036, Cyprus
| | - Steven Moffatt
- National Institute for Public Safety Health, IN 324 E New York Street, Indianapolis, IN 46204, USA;
| | - Theodoros C. Constantinidis
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Stefanos N. Kales
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215, USA or (M.S.-P.); (C.C.); (S.N.K.)
- Occupational Medicine, Cambridge Health Alliance/Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02319, USA
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28
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Exploring the Validity of the 14-Item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS): A Cross-National Study in Seven European Countries around the Mediterranean Region. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102960. [PMID: 32992649 PMCID: PMC7601687 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study provides comprehensive validation of the 14-item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (14-MEDAS) in an adult population from Greece (GR), Portugal (PT), Italy (IT), Spain (SP), Cyprus (CY), Republic of North Macedonia (NMK), and Bulgaria (BG). A moderate association between the 14-MEDAS and the reference food diary was estimated for the entire population (Pearson r = 0.573, p-value < 0.001; Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) = 0.692, p-value < 0.001) with the strongest correlation found in GR, followed by PT, IT, SP, and CY. These results were supported by kappa statistics in GR, PT, IT, and SP with ≥50% of food items exhibiting a fair or better agreement. Bland-Altman analyses showed an overestimation of the 14-MEDAS score in the whole population (0.79 ± 1.81, 95%Confidence Interval (CI) 0.61, 0.96), but this value was variable across countries, with GR, NMK, and BG exhibiting the lowest bias. Taking all analyses together, the validation achieved slightly better results in the Mediterranean countries but a definitive validation ranking order was not evident. Considering growing evidence of the shift from Mediterranean Diet (MD) adherence and of the importance of culture in making food choices it is crucial that we further improve validation protocols with specific applications to compare MD adherence across countries.
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29
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Dinu M, Pagliai G, Giangrandi I, Colombini B, Toniolo L, Gensini G, Sofi F. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet among Italian adults: results from the web-based Medi-Lite questionnaire. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 72:271-279. [PMID: 32657181 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1793306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) was assessed in a sample of 1820 non-selected individuals (1099 females and 721 males aged ≥18 years) who have completed the web version of the Medi-Lite score during the year 2019. Adherence to the MD was found to have a normal distribution and, on a scale from 0 to 18, the mean score was 12.2 ± 2.4. Significantly (p < 0.001) higher adherence scores were observed in females compared to males, in elderly people compared to young people, and in individuals with a university degree compared to those with a primary or a secondary school diploma. At the multivariate analysis, female gender, advanced age (>45 years), and higher education level were associated with a higher probability of being in the highest quartile of the Medi-Lite distribution. In conclusion, we found that some sub-groups of our population (males, younger individuals, and those with lower levels of education) need to improve their diet for reaching higher adherence scores to the MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Dinu
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuditta Pagliai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria Giangrandi
- Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Barbara Colombini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesco Sofi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
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30
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Gender, Age, Geographical Area, Food Neophobia and Their Relationships with the Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet: New Insights from a Large Population Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061778. [PMID: 32549267 PMCID: PMC7353239 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD) is associated with many health benefits. The association between the MD and food neophobia (FN) is still unexplored in adults. The present cross-sectional study was aimed to explore the relationships between adherence to the MD, FN, and sociodemographic variables in a large Italian cohort. Familiarity and frequency use (FFI) of prototypical and non-prototypical Mediterranean foods were used to calculate a new adherence index: the Italian Taste Mediterranean Index (ITMI). The FFI of all Mediterranean foods increased with age, while butter, soft drinks, red/cured meat, and sweets were more common in younger people. Accordingly, ITMI increased with age (F2,2384 = 54.11; p < 0.0001). Women recorded a higher ITMI (6.70) than men (6.10). Individuals with high FN showed higher FFI for soft drinks and sweets and lower ones for most typical MD foods, than individuals with low FNs. A decrease of ITMI was recorded with the increase of the FN(F2,2384 = 22.84; p < 0.0001). With ageing, ITMI increased even in individuals with a high FN. The results suggest that FN may negatively affect adherence to the MD, lowering its potential health benefits, in the adult population. Monitoring of food habits, dietary education, and anxiety management, may be valuable tools to control FN and support the adherence to the MD.
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31
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Parks K, Polak R. Culinary Medicine: Paving the Way to Health Through Our Forks. Am J Lifestyle Med 2020; 14:51-53. [PMID: 31903082 DOI: 10.1177/1559827619871922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent findings reveal that suboptimal diet is responsible for more deaths than any other risk factor nationally and globally. It is estimated that with improving eating behaviors, 1 in 5 deaths can be prevented, underscoring the urgent need for effective dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Parks
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Newton Wellesley Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (KP).,CHEF Coaching Program, Institute of Lifestyle Medicine, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, and Lifestyle Medicine Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel (RP)
| | - Rani Polak
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Newton Wellesley Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (KP).,CHEF Coaching Program, Institute of Lifestyle Medicine, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, and Lifestyle Medicine Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel (RP)
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32
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Real H, Queiroz J, Graça P. Mediterranean food pattern vs. Mediterranean diet: a necessary approach? Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 71:1-12. [PMID: 31122086 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1617838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
"Food pattern" and "diet" sometimes are referred with the same meaning. "Food pattern" can be defined by a priori and a posteriori approaches and refers to the characterisation of foods and frequency of consumption within a population combining with various characteristics. "Diet" may be represented as an individual way of life and considers the food consumption and others like culture, history, society, economy, sustainability, culinary activities, conviviality, physical activity and rest. Mediterranean diet fits on these two concepts. The question is if we are measuring Mediterranean diet as a whole, or whether we are only measuring one of its parts, neglecting the rest of components. Can this compromise the way we monitor its adherence and evolution, with the possibility of losing the perception of certain aspects? How can we preserve and promote the concept if we do not monitor all the pieces of the puzzle?
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Real
- Associação Portuguesa de Nutrição, Rua João das Regras, Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Queiroz
- Câmara Municipal de Tavira, Praça da República, Tavira, Portugal
| | - Pedro Graça
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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