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Bernardo EM, Pedroza AADS, Ferreira DJS, de Andrade SC, Rozendo A, Fernandes MSDS, Silva TL, Fernandes MP, Lagranha CJ. The deleterious effects of maternal protein deprivation on the brainstem are minimized with moderate physical activity by offspring during early life. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:157-166. [PMID: 37816257 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Maternal protein malnutrition during developmental periods might impair the redox state and the brain's excitatory/inhibitory neural network, increasing central sympathetic tone. Conversely, moderate physical exercise at an early age reduces the risk of chronic diseases. Thus, we hypothesized that a moderate training protocol could reduce the harmful effects of a low-protein maternal diet on the brainstem of young male offspring. We used a rat model of maternal protein restriction during the gestational and lactation period followed by an offspring's continuous treadmill exercise. Pregnant rats were divided into two groups according to the protein content in the diet: normoprotein (NP), receiving 17% of casein, and low protein (LP), receiving 8% of casein until the end of lactation. At 30 days of age, the male offspring were further subdivided into sedentary (NP-Sed and LP-Sed) or exercised (NP-Ex and LP-Ex) groups. Treadmill exercise was performed as follows: 4 weeks, 5 days/week, 60 min/day at 50% of maximal running capacity. The trained animals performed a treadmill exercise at 50% of the maximal running capacity, 60 min/day, 5 days/week, for 4 weeks. Our results indicate that a low-protein diet promotes deficits in the antioxidant system and a likely mitochondrial uncoupling. On the other hand, physical exercise restores the redox balance, which leads to decreased oxidative stress caused by the diet. In addition, it also promotes benefits to GABAergic inhibitory signaling. We conclude that regular moderate physical exercise performed in youthhood protects the brainstem against changes induced by maternal protein restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Severina Cassia de Andrade
- Neuropsyquiatry and Behavioral Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Allifer Rozendo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry/CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antao, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Tercya Lucidi Silva
- Neuropsyquiatry and Behavioral Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pinheiro Fernandes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry/CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antao, PE, Brazil
| | - Claudia J Lagranha
- Biochemistry and Physiology Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Neuropsyquiatry and Behavioral Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry/CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antao, PE, Brazil
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Fernandes MS, Pedroza AA, de Andrade Silva SC, de Lemos MDT, Bernardo EM, Pereira AR, Dos Santos TM, Lagranha C. Undernutrition during development modulates endoplasmic reticulum stress genes in the hippocampus of juvenile rats: Involvement of oxidative stress. Brain Res 2022; 1797:148098. [PMID: 36162496 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate whether exercise training mitigates the deleterious effects of undernutrition during the developmental period in juvenile Wistar rats. Pregnant Wistar rats were fed with a diet containing 17 % or 8 % casein during pregnancy and lactation. At 30 days of life, male offspring were divided into 4 groups: Low-Protein non-trained (LS), Low-Protein Trained (LT), Normoprotein non-trained (NS), and Normoprotein Trained (NT). Trained rats performed aerobic exercise training (AET) for 4 weeks, 5 days a week, 1 h a day. 24 h from the last day of training, the animals were sacrificed. The tissues were removed to analyze indicators of mitochondrial metabolism, oxidative stress, and gene expression of GRP78, PERK, ATF6 ER stress markers, and BDNF. The results showed that undernutrition during development promotes deleterious effects on mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and induces reticulum stress in the hippocampus of juvenile rats. On the other hand, AET improves mitochondrial function and increases enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity, as well as declines ER stress. AET at moderate intensity for 4 weeks in male juvenile Wistar rats acts as a lifestyle intervention opposing the negative effects induced by a protein-restricted maternal diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Santos Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry / CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil; Physical Education and Sport Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Anderson Apolônio Pedroza
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Physiology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry / CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Severina Cássia de Andrade Silva
- Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry / CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria Daniele Teixeira de Lemos
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Physiology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry / CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Elenilson M Bernardo
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Physiology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry / CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Allifer R Pereira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry / CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Tony Meireles Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Physical Education and Sport Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Claudia Lagranha
- Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Physiology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry / CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil.
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Pezzotta A, Perico L, Morigi M, Corna D, Locatelli M, Zoja C, Benigni A, Remuzzi G, Imberti B. Low Nephron Number Induced by Maternal Protein Restriction Is Prevented by Nicotinamide Riboside Supplementation Depending on Sirtuin 3 Activation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203316. [PMID: 36291179 PMCID: PMC9600228 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A reduced nephron number at birth, due to critical gestational conditions, including maternal malnutrition, is associated with the risk of developing hypertension and chronic kidney disease in adulthood. No interventions are currently available to augment nephron number. We have recently shown that sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) has an important role in dictating proper nephron endowment. The present study explored whether SIRT3 stimulation, by means of supplementation with nicotinamide riboside (NR), a precursor of the SIRT3 co-substrate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), was able to improve nephron number in a murine model of a low protein (LP) diet. Our findings show that reduced nephron number in newborn mice (day 1) born to mothers fed a LP diet was associated with impaired renal SIRT3 expression, which was restored through supplementation with NR. Glomerular podocyte density, as well as the rarefaction of renal capillaries, also improved through NR administration. In mechanistic terms, the restoration of SIRT3 expression through NR was mediated by the induction of proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). Moreover, NR restored SIRT3 activity, as shown by the reduction of the acetylation of optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), which resulted in improved mitochondrial morphology and protection against oxidative damage in mice born to mothers fed the LP diet. Our results provide evidence that it is feasible to prevent nephron mass shortage at birth through SIRT3 boosting during nephrogenesis, thus providing a therapeutic option to possibly limit the long-term sequelae of reduced nephron number in adulthood.
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Zhou L, Pinho R, Gu Y, Radak Z. The Role of SIRT3 in Exercise and Aging. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162596. [PMID: 36010672 PMCID: PMC9406297 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The health benefits of regular exercise are well established. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanism(s) responsible for exercise-induced health benefits remain a topic of debate. One of the key cell-signaling candidates proposed to provide exercise-induced benefits is sirtuin 3 (SIRT3). SIRT3, an NAD+ dependent mitochondrial deacetylase, positively modulates many cellular processes, including energy metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, and protection against oxidative stress. Although the exercise-induced change in SIRT3 signaling is a potential mechanism contributing to the health advantages of exercise on aging, studies investigating the impact of exercise on SIRT3 abundance in cells provide conflicting results. To resolve this conundrum, this narrative review provides a detailed analysis of the role that exercise-induced changes in SIRT3 play in providing the health and aging benefits associated with regular physical activity. We begin with an overview of SIRT3 function in cells followed by a comprehensive review of the impact of exercise on SIRT3 expression in humans and other mammalians. We then discuss the impact of SIRT3 on aging, followed by a thorough analysis of the cell-signaling links between SIRT3 and exercise-induced adaptation. Notably, to stimulate future research, we conclude with a discussion of key unanswered questions related to exercise, aging, and SIRT3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, H-1123 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ricardo Pinho
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zsolt Radak
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, H-1123 Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-304918224
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Melo JSVD, Macêdo PFCD, Costa LAR, Batista-de-Oliveira-Hornsby M, Ferreira DJS. Fish oil supplementation and physical exercise during the development period increase cardiac antioxidant capacity in Wistar rats. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-657420220017721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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