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Soltanzadeh A, Eyvazlou M, Mohammad-Ghasemi M, Sadeghi-Yarandi M, Rahimkhani M, Ghasemi N, Bonyadi M, Sadeghi-Yarandi M. Investigating the relationship between shift work schedule and blood and metabolic parameters: a 10-years retrospective cohort study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17297. [PMID: 39068300 PMCID: PMC11283525 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Shift work has become increasingly common in modern society. Shift work has been associated with a range of negative health outcomes. Therefore, this 10-years retrospective cohort study, aimed to investigate the relationship between shift work and blood and metabolic parameters. This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a metal parts manufacturing industry in 2023. In this study, 204 shift workers and 204 day workers were examined. All the studied blood and metabolic parameters were collected by reviewing the medical records of all participants during a 10-years period (2013-2022). Moreover, the amounts of physical, chemical, and ergonomics harmful agents in the work environment were investigated. All the collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. The values of Body Mass Index (BMI), Red Blood Cell Count (RBC), Platelets Count (PLT), Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Level (TSH), Fasting Blood Sugar Level (FBS), Creatinine, Triglyceride (TG), Liver Enzymes level (SGOT and SGPT), and Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) were higher among the shift work employees, and a significant difference was observed between the values of these parameters between the two groups. The results of logistic regression showed that the highest effect of shift work was observed on the parameters of FBS, TG, SGPT, TSH, Physical activity, BMI, Sleep duration, PLT, and Sleep quality with beta coefficient values of 0.49, 0.33, 0.29, 0.29, 0.20, 0.18, 0.14, 0.13 and, 0.11, respectively (p-value < 0.01). The present study contributes to a growing body of evidence that blood and metabolic factors are likely to be influenced by shift work. These findings have important implications for policy makers, highlighting the need for interventions to mitigate the negative health effects of shift work on workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Soltanzadeh
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Meysam Eyvazlou
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Mohammad-Ghasemi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Sadeghi-Yarandi
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Humanities, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monireh Rahimkhani
- Lab Medical Sciences Department, Allied Medical Sciences Faculty, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Ghasemi
- Department of Ergonomics, Faculty of Health, Yazd University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Bonyadi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sadeghi-Yarandi
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Park S, Quinn L, Park CG, Collins E, Hong OS, Ferrans CE. Health Behavior Adherence in a Metropolitan-Based Metabolic Syndrome Management Program during the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Obes Metab Syndr 2024; 33:166-176. [PMID: 38253358 PMCID: PMC11224922 DOI: 10.7570/jomes23039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic increased the worldwide prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to assess health behavior adherence during the pandemic in adults who had engaged in a metabolic syndrome management program for at least 6 months. This assessment included an evaluation of health behavior changes, factors influencing adherence, and clinical parameters. The city-wide program was operated by the Seoul Metropolitan Government. Methods Baseline and follow-up data were compared in 116 participants who engaged in the program for at least 6 months prior to the pandemic. Health behaviors and clinical parameters were examined. Generalized estimating equation analysis was used to identify sociodemographic variables influencing health behavior adherence over time. Results Systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, and blood glucose improved (all P<0.05), and risk factors decreased (P<0.001) from baseline to follow-up (mean±standard deviation, 1.13±0.91 years). All six health behaviors, physical activity and weight control, eating habits, alcohol consumption and smoking, stress management, sleep and rest, and medication compliance and medical examination improved (all P<0.001) from baseline to follow-up (2.37±1.05 years). Smoking and employment negatively influenced adherence to health behaviors (P<0.05). Participants felt the most beneficial part of the program was receiving sequential medical examination results with follow-up consultations by public health professionals without charge. Conclusion Our study demonstrated the durability of the impact of the Seoul Program on all six targeted health behaviors as well as clinical parameters. Findings encourage participation in such broad-based programs and development of novel approaches to facilitate success for smokers and employed participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwon Park
- Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, School of Nursing, Michigan Society of Fellows 2022-2025, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lauretta Quinn
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chang Gi Park
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eileen Collins
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Oi Saeng Hong
- Occupational and Environmental Health Nursing Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, School of Nursing, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Gédor M, Bourgkard È, Dziurla M, Ribet C, Goldberg M, Grzebyk M, Hédelin G, Boini S. Relationship between night work and health-related quality of life: an analysis based on profiles and cumulative duration of exposure to night work among French workers in the CONSTANCES cohort. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2024; 97:377-386. [PMID: 38466419 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-024-02053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to estimate the association between night work and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among French workers. The association between cumulative duration of night work and HRQoL was also investigated. METHODS Three career-long night work exposure groups were defined at inclusion in the CONSTANCES cohort: permanent night workers, rotating night workers and former night workers. Day workers with no experience of night work were the reference group. HRQoL was assessed using the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), in particular the physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores, with a higher score indicating better HRQoL. Several linear regression models were built to test the association between night work exposure and HRQoL. The relationship between cumulative duration of night work and HRQoL scores was analyzed using generalised additive models. RESULTS The sample consisted of 10,372 participants. Former night workers had a significantly lower PCS score than day workers (β [95% CI]: - 1.09 [- 1.73; - 0.45], p = 0.001), whereas permanent night workers had a significantly higher MCS score (β [95% CI]: 1.19 [0.009; 2.36], p = 0.048). A significant decrease in PCS score from 5 to 20 years of cumulative night work was observed among former night workers. CONCLUSIONS Former night workers had poorer physical HRQoL in contrast to permanent and rotating night workers who had similar or even better HRQoL than day workers, suggesting the well-known healthy worker survivor effect. Consequently, both current and former night workers require regular and specific follow-up focused on the physical components of their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Gédor
- Department of Occupational Epidemiology, French Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), 1, Rue du Morvan, CS 60027 54519, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Ève Bourgkard
- Department of Occupational Epidemiology, French Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), 1, Rue du Morvan, CS 60027 54519, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Mathieu Dziurla
- Department of Occupational Epidemiology, French Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), 1, Rue du Morvan, CS 60027 54519, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Céline Ribet
- Population-Based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, Inserm UMS 11, Université Paris Cité, Université Paris Saclay, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Villejuif, France
| | - Marcel Goldberg
- Population-Based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, Inserm UMS 11, Université Paris Cité, Université Paris Saclay, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Villejuif, France
| | - Michel Grzebyk
- Department of Occupational Epidemiology, French Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), 1, Rue du Morvan, CS 60027 54519, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Guy Hédelin
- Department of Occupational Epidemiology, French Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), 1, Rue du Morvan, CS 60027 54519, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Stéphanie Boini
- Department of Occupational Epidemiology, French Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), 1, Rue du Morvan, CS 60027 54519, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
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Yates CL, Centofanti S, Heilbronn L, Kennaway D, Coates AM, Dorrian J, Wittert G, Gupta CC, Stepien JM, Catcheside P, Banks S. The effects of fasting compared to eating a meal or snack during simulated night shift on changes in metabolism associated with circadian misalignment: a protocol and methods paper. SLEEP ADVANCES : A JOURNAL OF THE SLEEP RESEARCH SOCIETY 2024; 5:zpae021. [PMID: 39114478 PMCID: PMC11303864 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Study Objectives This protocol paper outlines the methods that will be used to examine the impact of altering meal timing on metabolism, cognitive performance, and mood during the simulated night shift. Methods Participants (male and female) will be recruited according to an a priori selected sample size to complete a 7-day within and between participant's laboratory protocol. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of the three conditions: meal at night or snack at night or no meal at night. This protocol includes an 8-hour nighttime baseline sleep, followed by 4 consecutive nights of simulated nightshift (7 hours day sleep; 10:00-17:00 hours), and an 8-hour nighttime sleep (return to dayshift). During the simulated night shift, meals will be provided at ~06:30, 09:30, 14:10, and 19:00 hours (no eating at night); ~06:30, 19:00, and 00:30 hours (meal at night); or ~06:30, 14:10, 19:00, and 00:30 hours (snack at night). Meal composition will be strictly controlled throughout the study (45%-65% carbohydrates, 15%-25% protein, and 20%-35% fat per day) with daily energy provided to meet individual needs using the Harris-Benedict equation (light/sedentary activity). The primary outcome measures are serum concentrations of blood glucose, insulin, and free fatty acids area under the curve in response to the oral glucose tolerance test. Mixed-effect ANOVAs will be conducted. Conclusions This protocol paper describes a methodology to describe an innovative approach to reduce the metabolic disease impact associated with shift work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal L Yates
- Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Centre, University of South Australia, Magill, SA 5072, Australia
| | - Stephanie Centofanti
- Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Centre, University of South Australia, Magill, SA 5072, Australia
| | - Leonie Heilbronn
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - David Kennaway
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Alison M Coates
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Jillian Dorrian
- Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Centre, University of South Australia, Magill, SA 5072, Australia
| | - Gary Wittert
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Charlotte C Gupta
- Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University, Wayville, SA 5034, Australia
| | - Jacqueline M Stepien
- Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Centre, University of South Australia, Magill, SA 5072, Australia
| | - Peter Catcheside
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Siobhan Banks
- Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Centre, University of South Australia, Magill, SA 5072, Australia
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Gao Y, Fu X, Hu H, Li T, Yuan L, Zhang J, Wu Y, Wang M, Ke Y, Li X, Hu F, Zhang M, Sun L, Wen H, Guan R, Gao P, Chai W, Zhao Y, Hu D. Impact of shift work on dementia: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Public Health 2023; 223:80-86. [PMID: 37625271 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although shift work has been reported as having a link to dementia, evidence remains inconsistent, and a comprehensive dose-response meta-analysis of the association is still lacking. We therefore conducted this meta-analysis to explore the association between shift work and the risk of dementia. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched. Fixed or random-effects models were used to estimate the summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Generalized least squares regression was used to estimate dose-response associations, and restricted cubic splines were used to examine possible linear or non-linear associations. RESULTS Five articles (10 studies) with 72,999 participants and 23,067 cases were eventually included in the meta-analysis. The summary RRs and 95% CIs of dementia risk with shift work and night shift work versus daytime work were 1.13 (95% CI: 1.05-1.21, I2 = 46.70%) and 1.13 (95% CI: 1.03-1.24, I2 = 9.20%), respectively. The risk of dementia increased by 1% (RR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.01-1.02, I2 = 41.3%) with each 1-year increase in the duration of shift work. We found a non-linear dose-response association between the duration of shift work and the risk of dementia (Pnon-linearity = 0.006). Though the shape of the curve was steeper with the duration of shift work <7 years, the increase was more gradual after 7 years. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that shift work may be a risk factor for future dementia and that controlling the length of shift work is a feasible measure that may contribute to prevent dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - X Fu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - H Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - T Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - L Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - M Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Ke
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - X Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - F Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - M Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - L Sun
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - H Wen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhengzhou Shuqing Medical College, 6 Gongming Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450064, People's Republic of China
| | - R Guan
- Department of Famarcy, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - P Gao
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - W Chai
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - D Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China.
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Kirchner H, Weisner L, Wilms B. When should I run-the role of exercise timing in metabolic health. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13953. [PMID: 36815281 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is reaching epidemic proportions. First line therapy approaches are lifestyle interventions including exercise. Although a vast amount of studies reports on beneficial effects of exercise on metabolism in humans per se, overall data are contradictory which makes it difficult to optimize interventions. Innovative exercise strategies and its underlying mechanism are needed to elucidate in order to close this therapeutic gap. The skeletal muscle produces and secretes myokines and microRNAs in response to exercise and both are discussed as mechanisms linking exercise and metabolic adaptation. Aspects of chronophysiology such as diurnal variation in insulin sensitivity or exercise as a signal to reset dysregulated peripheral clocks are of growing interest in the context of impaired metabolism. Deep insight of how exercise timing determines metabolic adaptations is required to optimize exercise interventions. This review aims to summarize the current state of research on the interaction between timing of exercise and metabolism in humans, providing insights into proposed mechanistic concepts focusing on myokines and microRNAs. First evidence points to an impact of timing of exercise on health outcome, although data are inconclusive. Underlying mechanisms remain elusive. It is currently unknown if the timed release of mykokines depends on time of day when exercise is performed. microRNAs have been found as an important mediator of processes associated with exercise adaptation. Further research is needed to evaluate their full relevance. In conclusion, it seems to be too early to provide concrete recommendations on timing of exercise to maximize beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Kirchner
- Institute for Human Genetics, Epigenetics and Metabolism Lab, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Leon Weisner
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Britta Wilms
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
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Lee HE, Kawachi I. Impact of Reduced Working Hours and Night Work Hours on Metabolic Syndrome: A Quasi-Experimental Study. Saf Health Work 2023; 14:59-65. [PMID: 36941937 PMCID: PMC10024172 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Epidemiological evidence linking long working hours and shift work to metabolic syndrome remains inadequate. We sought to evaluate the impact of reducing working hours on metabolic syndrome. Methods We compared the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among male manual workers in a manufacturing company (N = 371) before and after the introduction of policy to reduce daily work hours from 10 to 8 hours. Components of metabolic syndrome were measured in periodic health examinations before the intervention, 6-9 months after, and 1.5-2 years after the intervention. Generalized estimating equation models were used to estimate changes in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Analyses were stratified by day work versus shift work. Results The results showed a significantly decreased prevalence of metabolic syndrome 6-9 months following the intervention in day workers (risk ratio = 0.68, 95% confidence interval 0.52-0.88), but the benefit disappeared after 1.5-2 years. Shift workers showed a decreased prevalence of metabolic syndrome for the whole follow-up duration after the intervention, although the change was not statistically significant. Conclusion Reducing working hours was associated with short-term improvement in metabolic syndrome in male manual workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Eun Lee
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Social Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Korea Institute of Labor Safety and Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. Hallym University College of Medicine, 1, Hallymdaehak-gil 3303-3, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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Bracci M, Zingaretti L, Martelli M, Lazzarini R, Salvio G, Amati M, Milinkovic M, Ulissi A, Medori AR, Vitale E, Ledda C, Santarelli L. Alterations in Pregnenolone and Testosterone Levels in Male Shift Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3195. [PMID: 36833889 PMCID: PMC9964973 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormone levels are closely related to the endogenous circadian rhythm induced by sleep-wake and dark-light cycles. Shift work that disrupts the circadian rhythm may influence the levels of steroid hormones. The association between shift work and alterations in female sex steroid hormone levels has been studied, but little is known about testosterone and its precursor pregnenolone levels in male shift workers. The present study investigated serum pregnenolone and testosterone levels in a group of shift and daytime male workers. All participants were sampled at the beginning of the morning shift. Lower levels of serum pregnenolone and total testosterone were found in the shift workers compared to the daytime workers. Variations in pregnenolone levels may have consequences for well-being, and they might produce consequences for the levels of hormones downstream of the steroid hormone cascade, such as testosterone. The low levels of testosterone found in shift workers demonstrate the perturbative effect of shift work on testosterone serum levels, which may be independent and/or related to pregnenolone synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Bracci
- Occupational Health, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Zingaretti
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Management Staff Department, Marche University Hospital, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Margherita Martelli
- Occupational Health, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Raffaella Lazzarini
- Occupational Health, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianmaria Salvio
- Endocrinology Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Monica Amati
- Occupational Health, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Marijana Milinkovic
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Marche University Hospital, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Alfio Ulissi
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Management Staff Department, Marche University Hospital, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Medori
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Management Staff Department, Marche University Hospital, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Ermanno Vitale
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Caterina Ledda
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Lory Santarelli
- Occupational Health, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
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Kervezee L, Koshy A, Cermakian N, Boivin DB. The Effect of Night Shifts on 24-h Rhythms in the Urinary Metabolome of Police Officers on a Rotating Work Schedule. J Biol Rhythms 2023; 38:64-76. [PMID: 36346168 PMCID: PMC9902972 DOI: 10.1177/07487304221132088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Shift workers face an increased risk of metabolic health problems, but the direct metabolic response to working nights is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of night shifts on the 24-h urinary metabolome of shift workers. Eleven police officers working rotating shifts completed two 24-h laboratory visits that took place before and after they worked 7 consecutive nights. Sleep and meals were scheduled on a day schedule in the first visit and then on a night schedule (i.e., sleep and meals shifted by approximately 12 h) in the second visit. Targeted metabolomic analysis was performed on urine samples collected throughout these laboratory visits. Differential rhythmicity analysis was used to compare 24-h rhythms in urinary metabolites in both conditions. Our results show that on the day schedule, 24-h rhythms are present in the urinary levels of the majority of metabolites, but that this is significantly reduced on the night schedule, partly due to loss of organic acid rhythmicity. Furthermore, misalignment of 24-h metabolite rhythms with the shifted behavioral cycles in the night schedule was observed in more than half of the metabolites that were rhythmic in both conditions (all acylcarnitines). These results show that working nights alters the daily rhythms of the urinary metabolome in rotating shift workers, with the most notable impact observed for acylcarnitines and organic acids, 2 metabolite classes involved in mitochondrial function. Further research is warranted to study how these changes relate to the increased metabolic risks associated with shift work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kervezee
- Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Laboratory of Molecular Chronobiology, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cellular and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Koshy
- Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Laboratory of Molecular Chronobiology, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Cermakian
- Laboratory of Molecular Chronobiology, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Nicolas Cermakian, Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; e-mail:
| | - Diane B. Boivin
- Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Diane B. Boivin, Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; e-mail:
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10
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Sooriyaarachchi P, Jayawardena R, Pavey T, King NA. Shift work and the risk for metabolic syndrome among healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13489. [PMID: 35734805 PMCID: PMC9539605 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Shift work, defined as work occurring outside typical daytime working hours, is associated with an increased risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS) due to several biological and environmental changes. The MetS refers to the clustering of several known cardiovascular risk factors, including insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. This systematic review aims to evaluate the literature on the association between shift work and the risk of MetS in employees of the health sector. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases using appropriate keywords for studies published before September 1, 2021. Eligible studies were those that compared the prevalence of MetS between day and shift healthcare workers; had a cross-sectional, case-control, or cohort study design; provided sufficient data for calculating odds ratios or relative risks with 95% confidence intervals; and articles in English. The Joanna Briggs Institute prevalence critical appraisal tool was used for quality analysis. Risk for MetS and related measures of effect size were retrieved from studies for meta-analysis. Twelve studies met the criteria for inclusion in the review and meta-analysis. Sample sizes ranged from 42 to 738, and the age range of subjects was between 18 and 65 years. Ten studies demonstrated high methodological quality, while two studies were of average quality. Ten out of 12 studies in the review demonstrated a higher risk in shift workers for developing MetS than day workers. The pooled OR of MetS in shift workers based on 12 studies was 2.17 (95% CI = 1.31-3.60, P = 0.003; I2 = 82%, P < 0.001). Shift workers exhibited more than a twofold increase in the chance of developing MetS in comparison with day workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piumika Sooriyaarachchi
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Health and Wellness Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Ranil Jayawardena
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Toby Pavey
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Neil A King
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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11
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Ropponen A, Wang M, Raza A, Narusyte J, Svedberg P. Night Work and Sustainable Working Life-A Prospective Trajectory Analysis of Swedish Twins. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10857. [PMID: 36078570 PMCID: PMC9518065 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to investigate the changes in sustainable working life over 10-13 years of follow-up and the effect of baseline night work. Data from the Swedish national registers were used to define sustainable working life. Survey data in the 1998-2003 "SALT" with 34,680 twins or in the 2004-2006 "STAGE" with 19,637 twins were utilized to assess night work at baseline. Group-based trajectory and multinomial regression models were applied. The results of the SALT cohort yielded five trajectory solutions: stable sustainable working life (40%), stable lack of sustainable working life (25%), later decreasingly sustainable working life (15%), increasingly sustainable working life (14%), and early decreasingly sustainable working life (7%). In the STAGE cohort, four trajectories were detected: stable sustainable working life (83%), decreasingly sustainable working life (7%), stable lack of sustainable working life (5%), and increasing sustainable working life (5%). Night work was associated with the decreasing or increasing sustainable working life in the trajectory groups. To conclude, the largest parts of both cohorts followed trajectories of stable sustainable working lives. Night work was associated with both the trajectories of decreasing and increasing sustainable working lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annina Ropponen
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, FI-00032 Työterveyslaitos, Finland
| | - Mo Wang
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Auriba Raza
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jurgita Narusyte
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm County Council, SE-104 31 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pia Svedberg
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Smith KL, Danyluk AB, Munir SS, Covassin N. Shift Work and Obesity Risk-Are There Sex Differences? Curr Diab Rep 2022; 22:341-352. [PMID: 35737274 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-022-01474-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Shift work is prevalent among the working population and is linked to an array of adverse health outcomes. This review summarizes current evidence on the relation between shift work and risk of obesity, with a particular emphasis on potential sex differences. RECENT FINDINGS Observational data strongly point towards an association between shift work and heightened risk of prevalent and incident obesity, and particularly abdominal obesity. Circadian misalignment and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors are the primary culprits mediating such association. As it pertains to sex differences in the impact of shift work on obesity, few studies have examined this aspect, and findings are conflicting. Shift work is an important risk factor for obesity, with likely multiple biological and behavioral mediators. However, whether there is a sex-dependent vulnerability to the obesogenic effects of shift work is unclear. This area presents opportunities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Sanah S Munir
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Naima Covassin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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13
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Hai Y, Xue Y, Wang YH. Does Long-Term Shift Work Increase the Risk of Dementia? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2022; 37:15333175221141535. [PMID: 36419317 PMCID: PMC10581141 DOI: 10.1177/15333175221141535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background: Shift work is associated with impaired sleep quality and disrupted circadian rhythms, but the way in which it increases the risk of dementia remains controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the integrated risk of dementia with shift work. Methods: Searching in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science databases, the relative risks of dementia with shift work were extracted from 12 included studies with 3975 dementia cases from 84 492 participants. The subgroup analysis was stratified by age, gender, sample size, dementia cases, shift schedule, occupation, and follow-up time. Heterogeneity analysis and publication bias analysis were conducted for quality control. Results: The pooled risk ratios (RRs) of dementia with shift work were 1.15 (95%CI = 1.02-1.30). The subgroup analysis found that continuous evening shifts reversibly reduced the risk, but continuous night shifts remarkedly increased the risk of dementia. In addition, a larger cohort and longer follow-up significantly increased the risk of dementia with shift work. Conclusion: Shift work shows mild increases in the risk of dementia using meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hai
- College of International Education, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Ying Xue
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu-hong Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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14
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Zhang R, Cai X, Lin C, Yang W, Lv F, Wu J, Ji L. The association between metabolic parameters and evening chronotype and social jetlag in non-shift workers: A meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1008820. [PMID: 36479212 PMCID: PMC9720311 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1008820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between evening chronotype and social jetlag (SJL) with obesity, blood glucose and lipid levels in non-shift working adults. METHODS The databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Reviews were searched for studies analyzing the metabolic parameters among groups of different chronotypes or SJL until Feb 2022. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to analyze the association between these parameters and chronotypes or SJL. RESULTS A total of 27 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with morning chronotype, the participants with evening chronotype had higher body mass index (BMI) (WMD= 0.44 kg/m2, 95%CI, 0.30 to 0.57 kg/m2, p<0.001), higher fasting blood glucose level (WMD= 5.83mg/dl, 95%CI, 3.27to 8.38 mg/dl, p<0.001), higher total cholesterol level (WMD= 6.63mg/dl, 95%CI, 0.69 to 12.56 mg/dl, p=0.03), and lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level (WMD= -1.80mg/dl, 95%CI, -2.30 to -1.31 mg/dl, p<0.001). Compared with the participants with small SJL, the participants with large SJL had larger waist circumference (WMD= 0.80cm, 95%CI, 0.77 to 0.83cm, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Evening chronotype and SJL were associated with obesity and unfavorable metabolic parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42022303401.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Linong Ji
- *Correspondence: Xiaoling Cai, ; Linong Ji,
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