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Sotos-Prieto M, Ruiz-Canela M, Song Y, Christophi C, Mofatt S, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Kales SN. The Effects of a Mediterranean Diet Intervention on Targeted Plasma Metabolic Biomarkers among US Firefighters: A Pilot Cluster-Randomized Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3610. [PMID: 33255353 PMCID: PMC7761450 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is improving the understanding of the mechanisms of the health effects of diet. Previous research has identified several metabolites associated with the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet), but knowledge about longitudinal changes in metabolic biomarkers after a MedDiet intervention is scarce. A subsample of 48 firefighters from a cluster-randomized trial at Indianapolis fire stations was randomly selected for the metabolomics study at 12 months of follow up (time point 1), where Group 1 (n = 24) continued for another 6 months in a self-sustained MedDiet intervention, and Group 2 (n = 24), the control group at that time, started with an active MedDiet intervention for 6 months (time point 2). A total of 225 metabolites were assessed at the two time points by using a targeted NMR platform. The MedDiet score improved slightly but changes were non-significant (intervention: 24.2 vs. 26.0 points and control group: 26.1 vs. 26.5 points). The MedDiet intervention led to favorable changes in biomarkers related to lipid metabolism, including lower LDL-C, ApoB/ApoA1 ratio, remnant cholesterol, M-VLDL-CE; and higher HDL-C, and better lipoprotein composition. This MedDiet intervention induces only modest changes in adherence to the MedDiet and consequently in metabolic biomarkers. Further research should confirm these results based on larger study samples in workplace interventions with powerful study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Sotos-Prieto
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPaz (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz), Calle del Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Network Centre of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.C.); (S.N.K.)
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdiSNA, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Network Centre for Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yiqing Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Costas Christophi
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.C.); (S.N.K.)
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036 Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Steven Mofatt
- National Institute for Public Safety Health, Indianapolis, IN 46204, USA;
| | - Fernando Rodriguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPaz (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz), Calle del Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Network Centre of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefanos N. Kales
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.C.); (S.N.K.)
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02145, USA
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Perona JS. Membrane lipid alterations in the metabolic syndrome and the role of dietary oils. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1690-1703. [PMID: 28428072 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of pathological conditions, including hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, obesity and low HDL levels that is of great concern worldwide, as individuals with metabolic syndrome have an increased risk of type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Insulin resistance, the key feature of the metabolic syndrome, might be at the same time cause and consequence of impaired lipid composition in plasma membranes of insulin-sensitive tissues like liver, muscle and adipose tissue. Diet intervention has been proposed as a powerful tool to prevent the development of the metabolic syndrome, since healthy diets have been shown to have a protective role against the components of the metabolic syndrome. Particularly, dietary fatty acids are capable of modulating the deleterious effects of these conditions, among other mechanisms, by modifications of the lipid composition of the membranes in insulin-sensitive tissues. However, there is still scarce data based of high-level evidence on the effects of dietary oils on the effects of the metabolic syndrome and its components. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the effects of dietary oils on improving alterations of the components of the metabolic syndrome. It also examines their influence in the modulation of plasma membrane lipid composition and in the functionality of membrane proteins involved in insulin activity, like the insulin receptor, GLUT-4, CD36/FAT and ABCA-1, and their effect in the metabolism of glucose, fatty acids and cholesterol, and, in turn, the key features of the metabolic syndrome. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Lipid Therapy: Drugs Targeting Biomembranes edited by Pablo V. Escribá.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier S Perona
- Bioactive Compunds, Nutrition and Health, Instituto de la Grasa-CSIC, Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. Utrera km 1, Building 46, 41013 Seville, (Spain)
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Lucero D, Olano C, Bursztyn M, Morales C, Stranges A, Friedman S, Macri EV, Schreier L, Zago V. Supplementation with n-3, n-6, n-9 fatty acids in an insulin-resistance animal model: does it improve VLDL quality? Food Funct 2017; 8:2053-2061. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00252a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Could supplementation with n-3, n-6 and n-9 fatty acids prevent atherogenic alterations of VLDL produced in insulin-resistance?
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Lucero
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis
- Buenos Aires
| | - C. Olano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis
- Buenos Aires
| | - M. Bursztyn
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis
- Buenos Aires
| | - C. Morales
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Facultad de Medicina
- Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular (INFICA)
- Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - A. Stranges
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Facultad de Odontología
- Cátedra de Bioquímica General y Bucal
- Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - S. Friedman
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Facultad de Odontología
- Cátedra de Bioquímica General y Bucal
- Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - E. V. Macri
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Facultad de Odontología
- Cátedra de Bioquímica General y Bucal
- Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - L. Schreier
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis
- Buenos Aires
| | - V. Zago
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis
- Buenos Aires
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Quintero-Flórez A, Sinausia Nieva L, Sánchez-Ortíz A, Beltrán G, Perona JS. The Fatty Acid Composition of Virgin Olive Oil from Different Cultivars Is Determinant for Foam Cell Formation by Macrophages. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6731-8. [PMID: 26184645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the beneficial role of Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) in the Mediterranean diet is well-known, its effects on health cannot be attributed solely to oleic acid. In addition to minor components, the presence of other fatty acids (FA), which depend largely on the cultivar among other factors, needs to be considered. The present study examined the effect of chylomicron remnant-like particles (CRLP) enriched in fatty acids of EVOO from 'Chetoui', 'Buidiego', 'Galega', 'Blanqueta', and 'Picual' cultivars on the foam cell formation by THP-1 macrophages. THP-1 cells were incubated with EVOO-CRLP for 24 h. Lipid accumulation in cells was measured by determining intracellular total triacylglycerol (TAG) concentration and FA composition. Intracellular TAG concentrations were higher in cells incubated with 'Chetoui' and 'Blanqueta' CRLP (0.33 ± 0.05 and 0.38 ± 0.07 μmol/mg of protein, respectively) than with 'Buidiego' and 'Picual' CRLP (0.20 ± 0.05 and 0.24 ± 0.06 μmol/mg of protein, respectively). In conclusion, linoleic acid-rich EVOO induced higher TAG incorporation into THP-1 macrophages compared to oleic acid-rich EVOO, the 18:1/18:2 ratio being consistently correlated with intracellular TAG accumulation. The results of this study demonstrated that the differences in EVOO-FA composition may have an important role in foam cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Sinausia Nieva
- §Instituto de la Grasa, Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Building 46, Ctra. Utrera km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | | | - Gabriel Beltrán
- †IFAPA Centro Venta del Llano, Cart. N-323a Km 18, 23620 Mengibar, Spain
| | - Javier S Perona
- §Instituto de la Grasa, Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Building 46, Ctra. Utrera km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
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Hellmuth C, Uhl O, Segura-Moreno M, Demmelmair H, Koletzko B. Determination of acylglycerols from biological samples with chromatography-based methods. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:3470-83. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Perona JS, Fitó M, Covas MI, Garcia M, Ruiz-Gutierrez V. Olive oil phenols modulate the triacylglycerol molecular species of human very low-density lipoprotein. A randomized, crossover, controlled trial. Metabolism 2011; 60:893-9. [PMID: 20934731 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2010.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Virgin olive oil phenolic compounds have been revealed to be potent antioxidants as part of the Mediterranean diet. To test the hypothesis that these phenolics can modulate the serum and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triacylglycerol concentrations in humans, a double-blind, randomized, crossover trial was designed. Thirty-three participants received 25 mL/d of refined olive oil (devoid of phenolic content [PC]), common olive oil (PC = 370 mmol/kg), and virgin olive oil (PC = 825 mmol/kg) in a Latin square design. The 3 olive oils were administered over 3 periods of 3 weeks, each one preceded by 2-week washout periods. All analyses were carried out on an intention-to-treat basis. The interventions did not modify the concentrations of serum and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triacylglycerol; but they exerted changes in the cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and phospholipid content of VLDL. The virgin olive oil consumption led to increased oleic and palmitic acids, as well as decreased linoleic acid, in VLDL. The main outcome was the significant dose-dependent linear trend between the PC in the olive oils and the palmitic (16:0) and linoleic (18:2 n-6) acid and their corresponding triacylglycerol molecular species in VLDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier S Perona
- Group of Nutrition and Lipid Metabolism, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Av. Padre García Tejero, 4, 41012 Seville, Spain.
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Perona JS, Covas MI, Fitó M, Cabello-Moruno R, Aros F, Corella D, Ros E, Garcia M, Estruch R, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Ruiz-Gutierrez V. Reduction in systemic and VLDL triacylglycerol concentration after a 3-month Mediterranean-style diet in high-cardiovascular-risk subjects. J Nutr Biochem 2009; 21:892-8. [PMID: 19962297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Revised: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first results of the PREDIMED (PREvencion con Dieta MEDiterranea) randomized trial, after 3-month intervention, showed that the Mediterranean Diet (MD), supplemented with either virgin olive oil (VOO) or nuts, reduced systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol and triacylglycerol (TG) concentrations and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol when compared to a control (low-fat diet) group. Serum TG levels are an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease and are strongly determined by very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) composition, which can be specifically modified by dietary lipid source. Within the context of the PREDIMED study, we assessed the VLDL composition in 50 participants after 3 months of intake of two MD, supplemented with VOO or nuts, compared with a low-fat diet. Total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were reduced in subjects on the MD+nuts, whereas HDL-cholesterol increased after consumption of the MD+VOO. Serum TG concentrations were significantly lowered in both intervention groups (either the MD+nuts or MD+VOO). However, only the MD+VOO reduced the VLDL-cholesterol and VLDL-TG content and the TG/apolipoprotein B ratio in VLDL, which was used to estimate particle size. Although VLDL-TG fatty acids were very slightly modified, VLDL-TG molecular species in VLDL after consumption of the MD+nuts were characterized by a higher presence of linoleic acid (18:2, n-6), whereas after the intake of MD+VOO, they were rich in oleic acid (18:1, n-9). Therefore, we conclude that the reduction in systemic TG concentrations observed after consumption of the MD may be explained by reduction of the lipid core of VLDL and a selective modification of the molecular species composition in the particle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier S Perona
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Sevilla, Spain
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