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Alim A, Li T, Nisar T, Ali Z, Ren D, Liu Y, Yang X. Polyphenols and pectin enriched golden kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) alleviates high fructose-induced glucolipid disorders and hepatic oxidative damage in rats: in association with improvement of fatty acids metabolism. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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Khodir SA, Sweed E, Gadallah M, Shabaan A. Astaxanthin attenuates cardiovascular dysfunction associated with deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-induced hypertension in rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2022; 44:382-395. [PMID: 35322744 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2022.2055764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a major global health problem. It is a major risk factor of cardiovascular disease. One of the most used experimental models in studying antihypertensive action is the deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rat. This study aimed to investigate the cardiovascular protective effect of astaxanthin (ASX) in DOCA-salt-induced hypertension and its possible underlying mechanisms. METHODS A total of 48 adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: control, DOCA, and DOCA + ASX. Blood pressure, serum cardiac enzyme levels, some oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarker levels, and lipid profile levels were measured. The weight of the left ventricle to tibial length ratio was calculated. Apoptosis detection and total genomic DNA extraction in aortic and cardiac tissues were investigated. The apoptotic marker BAX was also immunohistochemically assessed in the heart and aorta. RESULTS Compared to the control group, the DOCA group was associated with a significant increase in blood pressure, serum cardiac enzyme levels, oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarker levels, lipid profile except serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL), weight of the left ventricle to tibial length, and total released DNA fragmentation level of the left ventricle and aorta and a significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) and HDL. Compared to the DOCA group, the DOCA + ASX group significantly improved the DOCA-induced changes. CONCLUSION ASX has beneficial protective effects on DOCA-salt-induced hypertension via DNA fragmentation protection, apoptosis inhibition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and its effects on lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan A Khodir
- Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Eman Sweed
- Clinical pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Marwa Gadallah
- Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Anwaar Shabaan
- Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
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Chronological Appearance of Endocrine and Metabolic Dysfunctions Induced by an Unhealthy Diet in Rats. Medicina (B Aires) 2021; 58:medicina58010008. [PMID: 35056315 PMCID: PMC8781186 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The work was aimed to determine the chronological sequence of events triggered by a fructose-rich diet (FRD) (10% w/v in the drinking water) in normal rats. Material and Methods: Serum parameters, liver and islet markers of metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress were determined weekly for 21 days. Results: At the end of the first week, rats fed with a FRD showed an early increase in circulating triglycerides, fat liver deposit, and enzymatic activity of liver glucokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6P-DH). After two weeks of such a diet, liver glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) activity and liver oxidative stress markers were significantly increased. Liver sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) mRNA also increased in the second week while their target genes fatty acid synthase (FAS) and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPAT) enhanced their expression at the third week. Liver and pancreatic inflammation markers also enhanced their gene expression in the last week of treatment. Whereas both control and FRD rats remained normoglycemic throughout the entire period of treatment, blood insulin levels were significantly higher in FRD animals at the third week, thereby evidencing an insulin-resistant state (higher HOMA-IR, HOMA-B and HIS indexes). Pancreatic islets isolated from rats fed with a FRD for 3 weeks also increased glucose-induced insulin secretion (8.3 and 16.7 mM). Conclusions: FRD induces asynchronous changes involving early hypertriglyceridemia together with intrahepatic lipid deposit and metabolic disturbances from week one, followed by enhanced liver oxidative stress, liver and pancreas inflammation, pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, and peripheral insulin-resistance registered at the third week. Knowledge of time-course adaptation mechanisms involved in our rat model could be helpful in developing appropriate strategies to prevent the progression from prediabetes to Type 2 diabetes (T2D) triggered by unhealthy diets.
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Camacho-Castillo L, Phillips-Farfán BV, Rosas-Mendoza G, Baires-López A, Toral-Ríos D, Campos-Peña V, Carvajal K. Increased oxidative stress contributes to enhance brain amyloidogenesis and blunts energy metabolism in sucrose-fed rat: effect of AMPK activation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19547. [PMID: 34599229 PMCID: PMC8486781 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98983-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disturbances are linked to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease (AD). However, the cellular mechanisms underlying this connection are unclear. We evaluated the role of oxidative stress (OS), during early metabolic syndrome (MetS), on amyloidogenic processes in a MetS rat model induced by sucrose. MetS caused OS damage as indicated by serum and hypothalamus lipid peroxidation and elevated serum catalase activity. Tissue catalase and superoxide dismutase activity were unchanged by MetS, but gene expression of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NFE2L2), which up-regulates expression of antioxidant enzymes, was higher. Expression of amyloid-β cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE-1) and amyloid precursor protein (APP), key proteins in the amyloidogenesis pathway, were slightly increased by sucrose-intake in the hippocampus and hypothalamus. Activation and expression of protein kinase B (PKB) and AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK), pivotal proteins in metabolism and energy signaling, were similarly affected in the hippocampus and hypothalamus of MetS rats. Brain creatine kinase activity decreased in brain tissues from rats with MetS, mainly due to irreversible oxidation. Chronic metformin administration partially reversed oxidative damage in sucrose-fed animals, together with increased AMPK activation; probably by modulating BACE-1 and NFE2L2. AMPK activation may be considered as a preventive therapy for early MetS and associated neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Camacho-Castillo
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Insurgentes Sur 3700 C, Col. Insurgentes Cuicuilco, Del. Coyoacán, 04530, CD Mexico, Mexico
| | - Bryan V Phillips-Farfán
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Insurgentes Sur 3700 C, Col. Insurgentes Cuicuilco, Del. Coyoacán, 04530, CD Mexico, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Rosas-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Insurgentes Sur 3700 C, Col. Insurgentes Cuicuilco, Del. Coyoacán, 04530, CD Mexico, Mexico
| | - Aidee Baires-López
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Insurgentes Sur 3700 C, Col. Insurgentes Cuicuilco, Del. Coyoacán, 04530, CD Mexico, Mexico
| | - Danira Toral-Ríos
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco", CD México, México
| | - Victoria Campos-Peña
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco", CD México, México
| | - Karla Carvajal
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Insurgentes Sur 3700 C, Col. Insurgentes Cuicuilco, Del. Coyoacán, 04530, CD Mexico, Mexico.
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ÖZKAN H, KUTLU T. The relationship of fructose consumption with MDA levels in rat liver and its effect on the expression levels of COX-2 and NRF-2 genes. ANKARA ÜNIVERSITESI VETERINER FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2020. [DOI: 10.33988/auvfd.645713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hasanpour M, Iranshahy M, Iranshahi M. The application of metabolomics in investigating anti-diabetic activity of medicinal plants. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Alam I, Alam W, Aljuraiban GS, Abulmeaty M, Shivappa N, Razak S. Nutritional, immunological and antioxidant defense status of outpatients diagnosed with colorectal cancer - a case-control study of the little-studied population. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:1307-1320. [PMID: 31591902 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1673448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate nutritional and immunological status of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients in a little-studied population from developing country, Pakistan. Data on 81 CRC patients and 37 healthy controls (HCs) were collected on nutritional status, nutrient intake, percent body fat (%BF), selected immunological parameters, phytochemical index (PI), healthy eating index (HEI), and prognostic nutrition index (PNI). Blood samples were used for immunological and antiradical defense potential (expressed as 50% hemolysis time; HT50). Results show 40/81 (49.4%) patients reported weight loss in past 3-6 mo, Significant differences were found in HEI values between patients vs. HCs, and between patients in low vs. high PNI groups (P, for all trends <0.05). Patients in the higher PNI group were heavier, had higher % BF, higher energy intake, and higher PI score as compared to patients in the low PNI group (P < 0.05). Low PNI was positively associated with non-significantly lower CD4:CD8 ratios, higher B-cells and NK cells (P, for all trends >0.05), but with significantly higher hs-CRP levels, and lower HT50 values (P, for all trends <0.001). In conclusion, CRC patients in a little-studied population have compromised nutritional and immunological health with lower HEI and PNI scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifitikhar Alam
- Clinical Nutrition Program, Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wajid Alam
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Khyber College of Dentistry, KPK, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ghadeer S Aljuraiban
- Clinical Nutrition Program, Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Abulmeaty
- Clinical Nutrition Program, Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Suhail Razak
- Clinical Nutrition Program, Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Rumanova VS, Okuliarova M, Molcan L, Sutovska H, Zeman M. Consequences of low-intensity light at night on cardiovascular and metabolic parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:863-871. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are an inherent property of physiological processes and can be disturbed by irregular environmental cycles, including artificial light at night (ALAN). Circadian disruption may contribute to many pathologies, such as hypertension, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, but the underlying mechanisms are not understood. Our study investigated the consequences of ALAN on cardiovascular and metabolic parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats, which represent an animal model of essential hypertension and insulin resistance. Adult males were exposed to a 12 h light − 12 h dark cycle and the ALAN group experienced dim light at night (1–2 lx), either for 2 or 5 weeks. Rats on ALAN showed a loss of light–dark variability for systolic blood pressure, but not for heart rate. Moreover, a gradual increase of systolic blood pressure was recorded over 5 weeks of ALAN. Exposure to ALAN increased plasma insulin and hepatic triglyceride levels. An increased expression of metabolic transcription factors, Pparα and Pparγ, in the epididymal fat and a decreased expression of Glut4 in the heart was found in the ALAN group. Our results demonstrate that low-intensity ALAN can disturb blood pressure control and augment insulin resistance in spontaneously hypertensive rats, and may represent a serious risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Sophia Rumanova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Okuliarova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubos Molcan
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Hana Sutovska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Zeman
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Shiou YL, Huang IC, Lin HT, Lee HC. High fat diet aggravates atrial and ventricular remodeling of hypertensive heart disease in aging rats. J Formos Med Assoc 2018; 117:621-631. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Liu H, Su WW, Long CF, Zhang WJ, Li PB, Wu Z, Liao YY, Zeng X, Chen TB, Zheng YY, Yan ZH, Bi C, Yao HL. An experimental model for hypertensive crises emergencies: Long-term high-fat diet followed by acute vasoconstriction stress on spontaneously hypertensive rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:481-495. [PMID: 29444597 PMCID: PMC5882032 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218759270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the prevention and treatment of hypertensive crises especially when it occurs with serious adverse outcomes have led to worldwide controversy. Despite of clinical possibilities of multiple agents, clinical failures still occur frequently. Therefore, early evaluations and observations of different therapies on appropriate animals should be emphasized. In the present study, an animal model for hypertensive crises emergencies was firstly established and experimentally testified. Five-month-male spontaneously hypertensive rat was consecutively fed with 60%-Kcal fat diet for four, six, and eight weeks with body weight and blood pressure monitored every two weeks, and then followed by an acute vasoconstriction stress of 5-min ice-bath treatment in the 4-h time interval of two adrenaline injections (0.8 mg/kg). Forty-four biochemical parameters were detected, covering hepatic and renal function, blood glucose and lipid levels, myocardial enzymes and energy metabolisms, blood coagulative and anti-coagulative system, oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory cytokine, blood viscosity, and RAAS system. Six tissues including heart, brain, liver, kidney, coronary arteries, and mesenteries were removed for pathological observations with hematoxylin-eosin staining. As a result, multi-organ dysfunctions in the heart, brain, liver, kidney, vascular endothelium, and blood system were testified in the modeling rats at weeks 6 and 8. In conclusion, severe consequences of this animal model were highly similar to those in hypertensive crises emergencies, which could be further utilized in the early intervention of hypertensive crises emergencies including the possible risk factors control and efficient therapies assessment. Impact statement In the late 90s, numerous reports predicted that 1-2% of hypertensive individuals would undergo hypertensive crises (HPC) and figures reached as high as 7% when no antihypertensive therapies were administrated. Currently, clinical failures appear frequently due to the improper or excessive medication regimen instead of the illness itself. Therefore, early evaluations and observations of HPC on appropriate animal models ahead of patients should be discussed and emphasized more widely. In the present study, an appropriate animal model for HPC emergencies was firstly established, in which the consequences of long-term high-fat diet feeding followed by an acute vasoconstriction stress on the spontaneously hypertensive rats were experimentally testified. The proposed model would have a wide application prospects in early intervention of HPC emergencies including the controls of possible risk factors and assessments of efficient therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Su
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Chao-Feng Long
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Dongguan 523325, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Jian Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Bo Li
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Wu
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Yin-Yin Liao
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Tao-Bin Chen
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ying Zheng
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Zeng-Hao Yan
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Cong Bi
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Liang Yao
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
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Brito-Monzani JDO, Sanches IC, Bernardes N, Ponciano K, Moraes-Silva IC, Irigoyen MC, Llesuy S, De Angelis K. Hypertension induces additional cardiometabolic impairments and attenuates aerobic exercise training adaptations in fructose-fed ovariectomized rats. Hypertens Res 2017; 41:88-95. [PMID: 29093566 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2017.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We tested whether hypertension favors the development of additional cardiometabolic changes in fructose-fed ovariectomized rats and how it affects aerobic exercise training (ET) effects. All rats received fructose in drinking water (10%) beginning at weaning, were ovariectomized at 10 weeks of age and divided into the normotensive sedentary (NFOS) and trained (NFOT) and hypertensive sedentary (HFOS) and trained (HFOT) groups. ET was performed on a treadmill. Arterial pressure (AP) was directly recorded; heart rate and AP variabilities were analyzed. Lipoperoxidation (LPO) and antioxidant enzyme levels were measured in the left ventricle. In addition to increased AP levels, when compared with the NFOS group, the hypertensive groups had resting tachycardia, a reduction of 29% in the pulse interval variance (VAR-PI), 19% in RMSSD (root mean square of successive differences, a cardiac parasympathetic index) and 53% in the α-index (spontaneous baroreflex), while the systolic AP variance (VAR-SAP) and its low-frequency band (LF-SAP) were sharply increased. ET did not alter AP levels. Even in the presence of hypertension, ET induced resting bradycardia, decreases of 33% in VAR-SAP and 49% in LF-SAP, and an increase of more than 60% in VAR-PI and the α-index. However, some of these parameters were still impaired relative to those of normotensive rats. LPO was reduced and catalase was increased in both trained groups, with no difference between the normotensive and hypertensive groups. Negative correlations were obtained between LPO and RMSSD (r=-0.60, P<0.05) and α-index (r=-0.63, P<0.05). In conclusion, hypertension augmented the dysfunctions in fructose-fed ovariectomized rats and attenuated metabolic aerobic ET benefits. These changes may be related to cardiovascular autonomic and oxidative stress alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina de O Brito-Monzani
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Adaptations to Exercise-LACORE, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | | | - Nathalia Bernardes
- Science Rehabilitation Program, Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ivana C Moraes-Silva
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria-Cláudia Irigoyen
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Susana Llesuy
- Facultad de Farmácia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kátia De Angelis
- Science Rehabilitation Program, Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
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Wong SK, Chin KY, Suhaimi FH, Fairus A, Ima-Nirwana S. Animal models of metabolic syndrome: a review. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:65. [PMID: 27708685 PMCID: PMC5050917 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) consists of several medical conditions that collectively predict the risk for cardiovascular disease better than the sum of individual conditions. The risk of developing MetS in human depends on synergy of both genetic and environmental factors. Being a multifactorial condition with alarming rate of prevalence nowadays, establishment of appropriate experimental animal models mimicking the disease state in humans is crucial in order to solve the difficulties in evaluating the pathophysiology of MetS in human. This review aims to summarize the underlying mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of dietary, genetic, and pharmacological models of MetS. Furthermore, we will discuss the usefulness, suitability, pros and cons of these animal models. Even though numerous animal models of MetS have been established, further investigations on the invention of new animal model and clarification of plausible mechanisms are still necessary to confer a better understanding to researchers on the selection of animal models for their studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok Kuan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Farihah Hj Suhaimi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Fairus
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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Al-Malki AL, Moselhy SS. FREE FATTY ACIDS PROFILING IN RESPONSE TO CARNITINE SYNERGIZE WITH LUTEIN IN DIABETIC RATS. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2016; 13:149-154. [PMID: 28480372 PMCID: PMC5412186 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v13i6.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to investigate the fatty acids profiling in diabetic rats induced by sterptozocine (STZ) and their response to administration of lutein and carnitine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety male albino rats were divided into 6 groups as follows: Normal control. The remaining rats were injected i.p a single dose of STZ (65 mg /kg bw) for induction of diabetes. Diabetic rats were grouped as: GP II: (Untreated): GP III: Rats were given orally with L-lutein (100 mg/kg bw).GP IV: Rats were given carnitine (30 μg/kg) i.p. GP V: Rats were given carnitine and lutein GP VI were given metformin (100mg/kg bw/d) for 6 weeks. RESULTS Treatment of diabetic rats with lutein, L-carnitine, combined decreased the levels of glucose, HA1C compared with untreated diabetic (p<0.001). Administration of L-lutein, carnitine, combined to normal rats significantly decreased the levels of myristic, palmitice, palmitoleic, stearic, linoleic, α-linolenic, arachidic and eicosadienoic when compared with control normal rats (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Abnormalities of fatty acids composition was observed in diabetic rats. Combination treatment with lutein and carnitine could ameliorate deleterious effect induced by STZ and attenuate the changed fatty acid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman L Al-Malki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia'.,Bioactive Natural Products Research Group, KAU.,Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, KAU
| | - Said S Moselhy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia'.,Bioactive Natural Products Research Group, KAU.,Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, KAU.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University
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García-de Blas E, Mateo R, Alonso-Alvarez C. Specific carotenoid pigments in the diet and a bit of oxidative stress in the recipe for producing red carotenoid-based signals. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2237. [PMID: 27635308 PMCID: PMC5012267 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorful ornaments have been the focus of sexual selection studies since the work of Darwin. Yellow to red coloration is often produced by carotenoid pigments. Different hypotheses have been formulated to explain the evolution of these traits as signals of individual quality. Many of these hypotheses involve the existence of a signal production cost. The carotenoids necessary for signaling can only be obtained from food. In this line, carotenoid-based signals could reveal an individual’s capacity to find sufficient dietary pigments. However, the ingested carotenoids are often yellow and became transformed by the organism to produce pigments of more intense color (red ketocarotenoids). Biotransformation should involve oxidation reactions, although the exact mechanism is poorly known. We tested the hypothesis that carotenoid biotransformation could be costly because a certain level of oxidative stress is required to correctly perform the conversion. The carotenoid-based signals could thus reveal the efficiency of the owner in successfully managing this challenge. In a bird with ketocarotenoid-based ornaments (the red-legged partridge; Alectoris rufa), the availability of different carotenoids in the diet (i.e. astaxanthin, zeaxanthin and lutein) and oxidative stress were manipulated. The carotenoid composition was analyzed and quantified in the ornaments, blood, liver and fat. A number of oxidative stress biomarkers were also measured in the same tissues. First, we found that color and pigment levels in the ornaments depended on food levels of those carotenoids used as substrates in biotransformation. Second, we found that birds exposed to mild levels of a free radical generator (diquat) developed redder bills and deposited higher amounts of ketocarotenoids (astaxanthin) in ornaments. Moreover, the same diquat-exposed birds also showed a weaker resistance to hemolysis when their erythrocytes were exposed to free radicals, with females also enduring higher oxidative damage in plasma lipids. Thus, higher color production would be linked to higher oxidative stress, supporting the biotransformation hypothesis. The recent discovery of an avian oxygenase enzyme involved in converting yellow to red carotenoids may support our results. Nonetheless, the effect could also depend on the abundance of specific substrate carotenoids in the diet. Birds fed with proportionally higher levels of zeaxanthin showed the reddest ornaments with the highest astaxanthin concentrations. Moreover, these birds tended to show the strongest diquat-mediated effect. Therefore, in the evolution of carotenoid-based sexual signals, a biotransformation cost derived from maintaining a well-adjusted redox machinery could coexist with a cost linked to carotenoid acquisition and allocation (i.e. a resource allocation trade-off).
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther García-de Blas
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM , Ciudad Real , Spain
| | - Rafael Mateo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM , Ciudad Real , Spain
| | - Carlos Alonso-Alvarez
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain; Ecología Evolituva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Sawant SH, Bodhankar SL. Flax lignan concentrate reverses alterations in blood pressure, left ventricular functions, lipid profile and antioxidant status in DOCA-salt induced renal hypertension in rats. Ren Fail 2016; 38:411-23. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2015.1136895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Metabolomic and Lipidomic Analysis of Serum Samples following Curcuma longa Extract Supplementation in High-Fructose and Saturated Fat Fed Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135948. [PMID: 26288372 PMCID: PMC4545834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We explored, using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics and fatty acids profiling, the effects of a common nutritional complement, Curcuma longa, at a nutritionally relevant dose with human use, administered in conjunction with an unbalanced diet. Indeed, traditional food supplements have been long used to counter metabolic impairments induced by unbalanced diets. Here, rats were fed either a standard diet, a high level of fructose and saturated fatty acid (HFS) diet, a diet common to western countries and that certainly contributes to the epidemic of insulin resistance (IR) syndrome, or a HFS diet with a Curcuma longa extract (1% of curcuminoids in the extract) for ten weeks. Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) on the serum NMR profiles and fatty acid composition (determined by GC/MS) showed a clear discrimination between HFS groups and controls. This discrimination involved metabolites such as glucose, amino acids, pyruvate, creatine, phosphocholine/glycerophosphocholine, ketone bodies and glycoproteins as well as an increase of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and a decrease of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Although the administration of Curcuma longa did not prevent the observed increase of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol and insulin levels, discriminating metabolites were observed between groups fed HFS alone or with addition of a Curcuma longa extract, namely some MUFA and n-3 PUFA, glycoproteins, glutamine, and methanol, suggesting that curcuminoids may act respectively on the fatty acid metabolism, the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway and alcohol oxidation. Curcuma longa extract supplementation appears to be beneficial in these metabolic pathways in rats. This metabolomic approach highlights important serum metabolites that could help in understanding further the metabolic mechanisms leading to IR.
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Nitrooleic Acid Attenuates Lipid Metabolic Disorders and Liver Steatosis in DOCA-Salt Hypertensive Mice. PPAR Res 2015; 2015:480348. [PMID: 25861250 PMCID: PMC4377523 DOI: 10.1155/2015/480348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrooleic acid (OA-NO2) is endogenous ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. The present study was aimed at investigating the beneficial effects of OA-NO2 on the lipid metabolism and liver steatosis in deoxycorticosterone acetate- (DOCA-) salt induced hypertensive mice model. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided to receive DOCA-salt plus OA-NO2 or DOCA-salt plus vehicle and another group received neither DOCA-salt nor OA-NO2 (control group). After 3-week treatment with DOCA-salt plus 1% sodium chloride in drinking fluid, the hypertension was noted; however, OA-NO2 had no effect on the hypertension. In DOCA-salt treated mice, the plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were significantly increased compared to control mice, and pretreatment with OA-NO2 significantly reduced these parameters. Further, the histopathology of liver exhibited more lipid distribution together with more serious micro- and macrovesicular steatosis after DOCA-salt treatment and that was consistent with liver tissue triglyceride and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) content. The mice pretreated with OA-NO2 showed reduced liver damage accompanied with low liver lipid content. Moreover, the liver TBARS, together with the expressions of gp91phox and p47phox, were parallelly decreased. These findings indicated that OA-NO2 had the protective effect on liver injury against DOCA-salt administration and the beneficial effect could be attributed to its antihyperlipidemic activities.
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Chung SD, Chien CT, Yu HJ. Alterations in peripheral purinergic and muscarinic signaling of rat bladder after long-term fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. Eur J Nutr 2013; 52:347-59. [PMID: 22426756 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We explored the pathophysiologic mechanisms of long-term fructose-induced lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats were fed with fructose for 3 or 6 months. Biochemical and transcystometric parameters were compared between fructose-fed and age-matched normal-diet rats. Pelvic nerve and external urethral sphincter-electromyogram activity recordings were performed to investigate fructose effects on neural control of bladders. Mitochondrial structure, ATP and acetylcholine content and purinergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors were examined. Cytosolic cytochrome C staining by Western blot and immunocytochemistry for mitochondrial injury and PGP 9.5 stain for nerve density were also determined. RESULTS The fructose-fed rats with higher plasma triglyceride, LDL and fasting glucose levels displayed LUTS with increased frequency and suppressed voiding contractile amplitude in phase 1 and phase 2 duration versus normal-diet control. Fructose feeding altered the firing types in pelvic afferent and efferent nerves and external urethral sphincter-electromyogram activity. Increased mast cell number, disrupted and swollen mitochondria, increased cytosolic cytochrome C stain and expression and decreased nerve density in bladder smooth muscle layers appeared in the fructose-fed rats. Fructose feeding also significantly reduced ATP and acetylcholine content and enhanced protein expression of postsynaptic P(2)X(1), P(2)X(2) and P(2)X(3) purinergic receptors and M(2) and M(3) muscarinic cholinergic receptors expression in the smooth muscles of urinary bladder. CONCLUSION Long-term fructose feeding induced neuropathy and myopathy in the urinary bladders. Impaired mitochondrial integrity, reduced nerve density, ATP and acetylcholine content and upregulation of purinergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors expression may contribute to the bladder dysfunction of fructose-fed animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiu-Dong Chung
- Department of Urology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Abstract
Compensatory growth, a frequent phenomenon observed in ruminants due to seasonal variation in food availability, affects protein metabolism including protein oxidation. These oxidation processes may have an impact on animal health as well as on meat protein degradation during post mortem aging (ie meat maturation). Sixteen male lambs were randomly divided into four groups. One group was fed ad libitum (C) and one group was food-restricted to 60% of the intake of the C group (R). The last two groups were restricted similarly to the R group and refed either ad libitum (RAL) or similarly to the C group (pair-feeding) (RPF). Muscles samples were taken immediately after slaughter. The present study showed that the restriction/refeeding pattern had no effect on protein oxidation in the muscles studied (longissimus dorsi (LD), semitendinosus (ST) and supraspinatus (SP)). However, total antioxidant capacity decreased after food restriction (-51%, -43%, P < 0.01 for ST and LD muscles, respectively) and re-increased only after ad libitum refeeding. This alteration in the total antioxidant status can partially be explained by the similar pattern of change observed in the glutathione concentration of the muscles (-25%, P < 0.05 for ST muscle and NS for the other muscles). However, none of the concentrations of other water-soluble antioxidants studied (carnosine, anserine, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) were altered during compensatory growth. This study showed that an inappropriate feeding level following a nutritional stress induced alterations in the total antioxidant status (particularly that of glutathione), which may have consequences on animal health. Other consequences of a decrease of the animal antioxidant status in vivo could be an alteration of the protein oxidation processes during meat maturation.
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Cardiometabolic benefits of exercise training in an experimental model of metabolic syndrome and menopause. Menopause 2012; 19:562-8. [PMID: 22157682 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3182358c9c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the cardiometabolic effects of exercise training in ovariectomized hypertensive rats both submitted and not submitted to fructose overload. METHODS Spontaneously hypertensive ovariectomized rats were divided into sedentary and trained (THO) groups submitted to normal chow and sedentary and trained groups submitted to fructose overload (100 g/L in drinking water for 19 wk). Exercise training was performed on a treadmill (8 wk). Arterial pressure (AP) was directly recorded. Cardiovascular autonomic control was evaluated through pharmacological blockade (atropine and propranolol) and in the time and frequency domains by spectral analysis. RESULTS The THO group presented reduced AP (approximately 16 mm Hg) and enhanced cardiac vagal tonus (approximately 49%) and baroreflex sensitivity (approximately 43%) compared with the sedentary hypertensive ovariectomized group. Exercise training attenuated metabolic impairment, resting tachycardia, cardiac and vascular sympathetic increases, and baroreflex sensitivity decrease induced by fructose overload in hypertensive rats. However, the trained hypertensive ovariectomized group submitted to fructose overload presented higher AP (approximately 32 mm Hg), associated with baroreflex sensitivity (approximately 69%) and parasympathetic dysfunctions compared with the THO group. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the metabolic disorders in hypertensive rats after ovarian hormone deprivation could blunt and/or attenuate some exercise training benefits.
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Tranchida F, Tchiakpe L, Rakotoniaina Z, Deyris V, Ravion O, Hiol A. Long-term high fructose and saturated fat diet affects plasma fatty acid profile in rats. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2012; 13:307-17. [PMID: 22467372 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As the consumption of fructose and saturated fatty acids (FAs) has greatly increased in western diets and is linked with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a moderate (10 weeks) and a prolonged (30 weeks) high fructose and saturated fatty acid (HFS) diet on plasma FA composition in rats. The effects of a few weeks of HFS diet had already been described, but in this paper we tried to establish whether these effects persist or if they are modified after 10 or 30 weeks. We hypothesized that the plasma FA profile would be altered between 10 and 30 weeks of the HFS diet. Rats fed with either the HFS or a standard diet were tested after 10 weeks and again after 30 weeks. After 10 weeks of feeding, HFS-fed rats developed the metabolic syndrome, as manifested by an increase in fasting insulinemia, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, as well as by impaired glucose tolerance. Furthermore, the plasma FA profile of the HFS group showed higher proportions of monounsaturated FAs like palmitoleic acid [16:1(n-7)] and oleic acid [18:1(n-9)], whereas the proportions of some polyunsaturated n-6 FAs, such as linoleic acid [18:2(n-6)] and arachidonic acid [20:4(n-6)], were lower than those in the control group. After 30 weeks of the HFS diet, we observed changes mainly in the levels of 16:1(n-7) (decreased) and 20:4(n-6) (increased). Together, our results suggest that an HFS diet could lead to an adaptive response of the plasma FA profile over time, in association with the development of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Tranchida
- Institute of Molecular Sciences of Marseilles, iSm2 UMR 7313, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, 13397 Marseilles Cedex 20, France
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Veeramani C, Al-Numair KS, Chandramohan G, Alsaif MA, Pugalendi KV. Antihyperlipidemic effect of Melothria maderaspatana leaf extracts on DOCA—salt induced hypertensive rats. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2012; 5:434-9. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(12)60074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Christe P, Glaizot O, Strepparava N, Devevey G, Fumagalli L. Twofold cost of reproduction: an increase in parental effort leads to higher malarial parasitaemia and to a decrease in resistance to oxidative stress. Proc Biol Sci 2011; 279:1142-9. [PMID: 21920974 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2011.1546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parental effort is usually associated with high metabolism that could lead to an increase in the production of reactive oxidative species giving rise to oxidative stress. Since many antioxidants involved in the resistance to oxidative stress can also enhance immune function, an increase in parental effort may diminish the level of antioxidants otherwise involved in parasite resistance. In the present study, we performed brood size manipulation in a population of great tits (Parus major) to create different levels of parental effort. We measured resistance to oxidative stress and used a newly developed quantitative PCR assay to quantify malarial parasitaemia. We found that males with an enlarged brood had significantly higher level of malarial parasites and lower red blood cell resistance to free radicals than males rearing control and reduced broods. Brood size manipulation did not affect female parasitaemia, although females with an enlarged brood had lower red blood cell resistance than females with control and reduced broods. However, for both sexes, there was no relationship between the level of parasitaemia and resistance to oxidative stress, suggesting a twofold cost of reproduction. Our results thus suggest the presence of two proximate and independent mechanisms for the well-documented trade-off between current reproductive effort and parental survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Christe
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Paśko P, Bartoń H, Zagrodzki P, Gorinstein S. Effect of amaranth seeds (Amaranthus cruentus) in the diet on some biochemical parameters and essential trace elements in blood of high fructose-fed rats. Nat Prod Res 2011; 25:844-9. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.513976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Motoyama CSM, Pinto MJS, Lira FS, Ribeiro EB, do Nascimento CMO, Oyama LM. Gum Guar fiber associated with fructose reduces serum triacylglycerol but did not improve the glucose tolerance in rats. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2010; 2:61. [PMID: 20979642 PMCID: PMC2984456 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-2-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increased intake of dietary fructose can be associated with alterations on energy homeostasis and lipid/carbohydrate metabolism, such as insulin resistance and dislipidemia. On the other hand, the ingestion of soluble fiber gum guar could improve benefic mechanism on glucose tolerance and lipids profile. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study were to investigate the effects of the supplemental feeding partially hydrolyzed gum guar on glucose and lipid homeostasis, in rats fed with fructose solution. METHODS The study was performed on thirty day-old male Wistar rats randomly assigned into four groups: control(C) or treated with fructose (F-20%), fiber (FB-5%), or fructose plus fiber (F-20% + FB-5% = FF) solution for 30 days on glucose tolerance (OGTT), triacylglycerol concentration in the liver by chloroform/methanol method, glucose, triacylglycerol and total cholesterol serum concentration by assayed by enzymatic colorimetric method, insulin receptor (IR) concentration in the liver by Western Blotting. RESULTS The total body weight gain was not different between groups; in regards of total caloric intake, in the F group was significantly higher and in the FB group was lower than other groups. The triacylglycerol concentration in the liver of FF group was significantly higher than F group, the triacylglycerol concentration in the serum was higher the F group compared with other groups. The OGTT reveal impaired on glucose tolerance in the F, FB, FF compared with C. The IR concentration in the liver was lower in the F, FB, FF compared with C, no significant difference was observed between groups for IR concentration in the gastrocnemius muscle. No significant difference was observed between groups for carcass fat content and serum total cholesterol. CONCLUSION Fructose induced important alterations on glucose tolerance and lipid metabolism, despite of fiber showed reversion of part this alterations. The association fructose plus fiber to seem decrease insulin receptor concentration in the liver, with consequent impair on glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio SM Motoyama
- Departamento de Fisiologia. Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP - Rua Botucatu, 862, 2nd floor, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas. Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mônica JS Pinto
- Departamento de Fisiologia. Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP - Rua Botucatu, 862, 2nd floor, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas. Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio S Lira
- Departamento de Fisiologia. Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP - Rua Botucatu, 862, 2nd floor, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas. Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliane B Ribeiro
- Departamento de Fisiologia. Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP - Rua Botucatu, 862, 2nd floor, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas. Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia MO do Nascimento
- Departamento de Fisiologia. Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP - Rua Botucatu, 862, 2nd floor, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas. Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lila M Oyama
- Departamento de Fisiologia. Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP - Rua Botucatu, 862, 2nd floor, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas. Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Tricot S, Mimouni V, Rompion S, Froger C, Lacroix P, Roux S, Ulmann L. No altered blood pressure and serum markers of oxidative stress after a long time dietary fish oil in the genetically 9 month-old type-2 diabetes Zucker rat. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2010; 83:211-8. [PMID: 20833009 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2010.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Revised: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of a high n-3 fatty acid diet (eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids) in Zucker obese and lean rats on blood pressure in association with physiological parameters, serum biochemistry and oxidative stress analysis. After 150 days of treatment, dietary fish oil supplementation in Zucker obese rats (9 months of age) reduces bodyweight gain and serum triglyceridemia and nitrite levels, increases serum glucose and angiotensin converting enzyme activity, but does not alter blood pressure, cholesterol levels and serum markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, glutathione), compared to the Zucker rats fed control diet. According to these results, we can consider that after 150 days of treatment, fish oil is not enough to regulate parameters involved in the metabolic syndrome, such as cholesterolemia and blood pressure, in a 9 month-old genetically type-2 diabetes rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sompadthana Tricot
- EA 2160 Mer Molécules Santé, PRES UNAM, Université du Maine, IUT de Laval, Département Génie Biologique, 52 rue des Drs Calmette et Guérin, BP 2045, 53020 Laval Cedex 9, France
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Pasko P, Barton H, Zagrodzki P, Izewska A, Krosniak M, Gawlik M, Gawlik M, Gorinstein S. Effect of diet supplemented with quinoa seeds on oxidative status in plasma and selected tissues of high fructose-fed rats. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2010; 65:146-51. [PMID: 20354792 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-010-0164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role as a mediator of damage produced by fructose metabolism. This work was designed to investigate the effect of diet supplemented with quinoa seeds on oxidative stress in plasma, heart, kidney, liver, spleen, lung, testis and pancreas of fructose administered rats. Fructose administration (310 g/kg fodder for 5 weeks) caused oxidative stress that was manifested by the increase in plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) (p<0.05), and by the non-significant changes in the enzymatic antioxidant potential in plasma and most of tissues. Co-administration of quinoa seeds (310 g/kg fodder) maintained normal activities of some enzymes. It also influenced the oxidative stress as was evidenced by decreasing MDA in plasma, and decreasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes (erythrocyte superoxide dismutase - eSOD, catalase -CAT, plasma glutathione peroxidase - pGPX). These findings demonstrate that quinoa seeds can act as a moderate protective agent against potential of fructose-induced changes in rats by reducing lipid peroxidation and by enhancing the antioxidant capacity of blood (plasma) and heart, kidney, testis, lung and pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Pasko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Medical College, The Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, Kraków, 30-688, Poland.
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Devevey G, Bize P, Fournier S, Person E, Christe P. Testing the predictive adaptive response in a host-parasite system. Funct Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01609.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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García ME, Marra CA, Rebolledo OR. Glycoxidative stress-induced damage on lipid profile in a fructose-enriched diet model of insulin resistance in rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2010; 116:42-9. [PMID: 20082562 DOI: 10.3109/13813450903527713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study alterations in plasma lipid profile and oxidative damage to lipoprotein fractions (LF) and their fatty acids during an early insulin-resistant and increased oxidative state developed by a fructose-rich diet (FRD). METHODS AND RESULTS Wistar rats were fed a commercial diet with (FRD) or without (CD) 10% fructose in the drinking water. After 3 weeks, plasma glucose, triglyceride (TG), insulin (I), fructosamine (F), free fatty acids (FFA) and lipid profile (total cholesterol [TC] and HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C sub-fractions) were determined. The insulin sensitivity HOMA index was assessed. FRD-fed rats had higher plasma TG, I, and F levels; increased HOMA; decreased HDL-C and LDL-C; augmented VLDL-C and TC/HDL-C, and TG/HDL-C atherogenic risk scores. LF of FRD rats had increased oxidative damage on the fatty acyl profile and in copper-induced lipoperoxidation. CONCLUSIONS Fructose feeding early increases the atherogenic risk inducing an insulin resistant-glycoxidative state that affects plasma lipid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E García
- Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada, UNLP-CONICET La Plata, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Center, Argentina
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High-fructose diet elevates myocardial superoxide generation in mice in the absence of cardiac hypertrophy. Nutrition 2009; 26:842-8. [PMID: 19932004 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Revised: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary fructose intake has increased considerably in recent decades and this has been paralleled by an increase in the incidence of insulin resistance, especially in children and adolescents. The impact of a high-fructose diet on the myocardium is not fully understood. The aims of this study were to characterize the murine metabolic and cardiac phenotypes associated with a high-fructose diet and to determine whether this diet imparts differential effects with age. METHODS Juvenile (4 wk) and adult (14 wk) C57Bl/6 mice were fed a 60% fructose diet or isoenergetic control (starch) diet for 6 wk. RESULTS At completion of the dietary intervention (at ages 10 and 20 wk), fructose-fed mice were normotensive; hyperinsulinemia and cardiac hypertrophy were not evident. Interestingly, fructose-fed mice exhibited lower blood glucose levels (10 wk: 4.81+/-0.28 versus 5.42+/-0.31 mmol/L; 20 wk: 4.88+/-0.30 versus 5.96+/-0.42 mmol/L, P<0.05) compared with controls. Nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate-driven myocardial superoxide production was significantly increased in fructose-fed mice at both ages (by approximately 29% of control at 10 wk of age and 16% at 20 wk, P<0.01). No increase in aortic superoxide production was observed. Fructose feeding did not alter gene expression of the antioxidant thioredoxin-2, suggesting an imbalance between myocardial reactive oxygen species generation and antioxidant induction. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that increased myocardial superoxide production may represent an early and primary cardiac pathologic response to the metabolic challenge of excess dietary fructose in juveniles and adults that can be detected in the absence of cardiac hypertrophy and hypertension.
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Devevey G, Niculita-Hirzel H, Biollaz F, Yvon C, Chapuisat M, Christe P. Developmental, metabolic and immunological costs of flea infestation in the common vole. Funct Ecol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01493.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jurgoński A, Juśkiewicz J, Zduńczyk Z. Ingestion of black chokeberry fruit extract leads to intestinal and systemic changes in a rat model of prediabetes and hyperlipidemia. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2008; 63:176-182. [PMID: 18726160 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-008-0087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 07/25/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This report presents a complex analysis of changes proceeding in the gut, blood and internal organs of rats with induced oxidative stress, glucose intolerance and hyperlipidemia after dietary supplementation with an extract from black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) fruit, that is a condensed source of polyphenols (714 mg/g), especially anthocyanin glycosides (56.6%). The disturbances mimicking those observed in metabolic syndrome were induced by a high-fructose diet and simultaneous single injection of streptozotocin (20 mg/kg). Dietary supplementation with the chokeberry fruit extract (0.2%) decreased activity of maltase and sucrase as well as increased activity of lactase in the mucosa of the small intestine. Its ingestion led also to the improvement of antioxidant status, especially, the concentration of a lipid peroxidation indicator (TBARS) in organ tissues (liver, kidney and lung) was normalized; some cholesterol-lowering and distinct hypoglycemic actions were also observed. The mechanism of glucose reduction is likely to be multifactorial, and we suggest the factors related with the decreased activity of mucosal disaccharidases important for further investigation. In conclusion, chokeberry fruit derivatives may act as a promising supplementary therapeutic option in the prevention and treatment of disorders occurring in metabolic syndrome, as well as their complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Jurgoński
- Department of Biological Analysis of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.
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Bogdanović J, Mojović M, Milosavić N, Mitrović A, Vucinić Z, Spasojević I. Role of fructose in the adaptation of plants to cold-induced oxidative stress. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2008; 37:1241-6. [PMID: 18214465 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-008-0260-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2007] [Revised: 12/20/2007] [Accepted: 12/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This work presents findings, which indicate important role of fructose, fructose 6-phosphate (F6P), and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) in preservation of homeostasis in plants under low temperature. Cold combined with light is known to incite increased generation of superoxide in chloroplasts leading to photoinhibition, but also an increased level of soluble sugars. In the present study, oxidative stress in pea leaves provoked by cold/light regime was asserted by the observed decrease of the level of oxidized form of PSI pigment P700 (P700+). Alongside, the increased antioxidative status and the accumulation of fructose were observed. The antioxidative properties of fructose and its phosphorylated forms were evaluated to appraise their potential protective role in plants exposed to chilling stress. Fructose, and particularly F6P and FBP exhibited high capacities for scavenging superoxide and showed to be involved in antioxidative protection in pea leaves. These results combined with previously established links implicate that the increase in level of fructose sugars through various pathways intercalated into physiological mechanisms of homeostasis represents important non-enzymatic antioxidative defense in plants under cold-related stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bogdanović
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Kneza Viseslava 1, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
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Antioxidant activity of Bol d'Air Jacquier breathing sessions in Wistar rats--first studies. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2008; 21:31-46. [PMID: 18482901 DOI: 10.2478/v10001-008-0003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Bol d'Air Jacquier is used to create a molecule able to deliver oxygen at the cellular level to manage hypoxia due to environmental pollution, ageing, or inflammatory disease. This study was designed to determine, firstly, whether the device generated oxidative stress and, secondly, whether it might induce an antioxidant effect. MATERIAL AND METHODS Over a period of 62 weeks, 10 male Wistar rats were randomized into two groups: the Bol d'Air group (BA) regularly breathed peroxidizing terpens delivered by the device and the control group breathed water vapour during 9-min sessions, at the frequency of 1-12 per month. Several antioxidant compounds and KRL levels were determined in the blood and major organs. RESULTS The results showed that the two groups did not differ with respect to the organ concentrations of Cu, Zn SOD, GPx, GSH, GSSG and TBARS. The device might have a weak slimming effect over time. The BA group presented a significantly higher GR level in plasma throughout the experiment, and in the muscle at the end of the study. In the BA group, the plasma Cu, Zn SOD level was related to the number of breathing sessions per week before blood collection. The BA group also had a higher KRLantioxidant status at two different time-points: at the onset of the study, in the blood of young rats; and after three breathing sessions per week, in the blood and RBCs of old rats. CONCLUSIONS The device did not generate oxidative stress and seemed to produce global antioxidant effect depending on the number of sessions per week, especially in old rats.
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ÁLVAREZ MC, CALDIZ C, FANTINELLI JC, GARCIARENA CD, CONSOLE GM, CHIAPPE DE CINGOLANI GE, MOSCA SM. Is Cardiac Hypertrophy in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats the Cause or the Consequence of Oxidative Stress? Hypertens Res 2008; 31:1465-76. [DOI: 10.1291/hypres.31.1465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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ALONSO-ALVAREZ C, BERTRAND S, FAIVRE B, SORCI G. Increased susceptibility to oxidative damage as a cost of accelerated somatic growth in zebra finches. Funct Ecol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Puntel RL, Roos DH, Grotto D, Garcia SC, Nogueira CW, Rocha JBT. Antioxidant properties of Krebs cycle intermediates against malonate pro-oxidant activity in vitro: A comparative study using the colorimetric method and HPLC analysis to determine malondialdehyde in rat brain homogenates. Life Sci 2007; 81:51-62. [PMID: 17532009 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2007] [Revised: 03/26/2007] [Accepted: 04/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A variety of Krebs cycle intermediaries has been shown to possess antioxidant properties in different in vivo and in vitro systems. Here we examined whether citrate, succinate, malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate and alpha-ketoglutarate could modulate malonate-induced thiobarbituric acid-reactive species (TBARS) production in rat brain homogenate. The mechanisms involved in their antioxidant activity were also determined using two analytical methods: 1) a popular spectrophotometric method (Ohkawa, H., Ohishi, N., Yagi, K., 1979. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Analytical Biochemistry 95, 351-358.) and a high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure (Grotto, D., Santa Maria, L. D., Boeira, S., Valentini, J., Charão, M. F., Moro, A. M., Nascimento, P. C., Pomblum, V. J., Garcia, S. C., 2006. Rapid quantification of malondialdehyde in plasma by high performance liquid chromatography-visible detection. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 43, 619-624.). Citrate, malate, and oxaloacetate reduced both basal and malonate-induced TBARS production. Their effects were not changed by pre-treatment of rat brain homogenates at 100 degrees C for 10 min. alpha-Ketoglutarate increased basal TBARS without changing malonate-induced TBARS production in fresh and heat-treated homogenates. Succinate reduced basal--without altering malonate-induced TBARS production. Its antioxidant activity was abolished by KCN or heat treatment. Fumarate reduced malonate-induced TBARS production in fresh homogenates; however, its effect was completely abolished by heat treatment. There were minimal differences among the studied methods. Citrate, oxaloacetate, malate, alpha-ketoglutarate and malonate showed iron-chelating activity. We suggest that antioxidant properties of citrate, malate and oxaloacetate were due to their ability to cancel iron redox activity by forming inactive complexes, whereas alpha-ketoglutarate and malonate pro-oxidant activity can be due to formation of active complexes with iron. In contrast, succinate and fumarate antioxidant activity was probably due to some enzymatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson Luiz Puntel
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
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Martin FPJ, Dumas ME, Wang Y, Legido-Quigley C, Yap IKS, Tang H, Zirah S, Murphy GM, Cloarec O, Lindon JC, Sprenger N, Fay LB, Kochhar S, van Bladeren P, Holmes E, Nicholson JK. A top-down systems biology view of microbiome-mammalian metabolic interactions in a mouse model. Mol Syst Biol 2007; 3:112. [PMID: 17515922 PMCID: PMC2673711 DOI: 10.1038/msb4100153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2007] [Accepted: 03/14/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Symbiotic gut microorganisms (microbiome) interact closely with the mammalian host's metabolism and are important determinants of human health. Here, we decipher the complex metabolic effects of microbial manipulation, by comparing germfree mice colonized by a human baby flora (HBF) or a normal flora to conventional mice. We perform parallel microbiological profiling, metabolic profiling by (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance of liver, plasma, urine and ileal flushes, and targeted profiling of bile acids by ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and short-chain fatty acids in cecum by GC-FID. Top-down multivariate analysis of metabolic profiles reveals a significant association of specific metabotypes with the resident microbiome. We derive a transgenomic graph model showing that HBF flora has a remarkably simple microbiome/metabolome correlation network, impacting directly on the host's ability to metabolize lipids: HBF mice present higher ileal concentrations of tauro-conjugated bile acids, reduced plasma levels of lipoproteins but higher hepatic triglyceride content associated with depletion of glutathione. These data indicate that the microbiome modulates absorption, storage and the energy harvest from the diet at the systems level.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Pierre J Martin
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc-Emmanuel Dumas
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
| | - Yulan Wang
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
| | - Cristina Legido-Quigley
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
| | - Ivan K S Yap
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
| | - Huiru Tang
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
| | - Séverine Zirah
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
| | - Gerard M Murphy
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
| | - Olivier Cloarec
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
| | - John C Lindon
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
| | - Norbert Sprenger
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent B Fay
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sunil Kochhar
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Elaine Holmes
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
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Alonso-Alvarez C, Bertrand S, Faivre B, Chastel O, Sorci G. Testosterone and oxidative stress: the oxidation handicap hypothesis. Proc Biol Sci 2007; 274:819-25. [PMID: 17251089 PMCID: PMC2093982 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2006.3764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary sexual traits (SST) are usually thought to have evolved as honest signals of individual quality during mate choice. Honesty of SST is guaranteed by the cost of producing/maintaining them. In males, the expression of many SST is testosterone-dependent. The immunocompetence handicap hypothesis has been proposed as a possible mechanism ensuring honesty of SST on the basis that testosterone, in addition to its effect on sexual signals, also has an immunosuppressive effect. The immunocompetence handicap hypothesis has received mixed support. However, the cost of testosterone-based signalling is not limited to immunosuppression and might involve other physiological functions such as the antioxidant machinery. Here, we tested the hypothesis that testosterone depresses resistance to oxidative stress in a species with a testosterone-dependent sexual signal, the zebra finch. Male zebra finches received subcutaneous implants filled with flutamide (an anti-androgen) or testosterone, or kept empty (control). In agreement with the prediction, we found that red blood cell resistance to a free radical attack was the highest in males implanted with flutamide and the lowest in males implanted with testosterone. We also found that cell-mediated immune response was depressed in testosterone-treated birds, supporting the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis. The recent finding that red blood cell resistance to free radicals is negatively associated with mortality in this species suggests that benefits of sexual signalling might trade against the costs derived from oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alonso-Alvarez
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Evolutive, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS-UMR 7103, 7 quai St Bernard, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
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BERTRAND S, CRISCUOLO F, FAIVRE B, SORCI G. Immune activation increases susceptibility to oxidative tissue damage in Zebra Finches. Funct Ecol 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01191.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Girard A, Madani S, Boukortt F, Cherkaoui-Malki M, Belleville J, Prost J. Fructose-enriched diet modifies antioxidant status and lipid metabolism in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Nutrition 2006; 22:758-66. [PMID: 16815490 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2006.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Revised: 03/22/2006] [Accepted: 05/10/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-fructose consumption in industrial countries has been shown to induce metabolic abnormalities or syndrome X. Changes in antioxidant defense are unknown in hypertension associated with metabolic disorders induced by high-fructose feeding. METHODS Twenty spontaneously hypertensive rats were assigned to one of two groups; one received a fructose-enriched diet (60% fructose) and the other a starch diet. After a 13-wk diet period, total antioxidant status was assessed in the blood and liver by monitoring the rate of free radical-induced red blood cell hemolysis. Antioxidants (enzymes and vitamins) were determined in blood and liver. Gene expression of antioxidant enzymes (copper/zinc superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) were also investigated in hepatic tissue. RESULTS Fructose-fed rats showed blood pressure values similar to that of control rats but had increased glycemia and insulinemia. The antioxidant capacity in the blood of the fructose-fed group represented by copper/zinc superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and ascorbic acid was lower. However, the fructose diet enhanced the total antioxidant capacity of liver correlated with increased antioxidant enzyme activities and retinol concentrations. Gutathione peroxidase mRNA expression was decreased in livers of spontaneously hypertensive rats fed the fructose diet. CONCLUSION Fructose feeding negatively affects antioxidant capacity in the blood of hypertensive rats but improves this capacity in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Girard
- UPRES Lipides Nutrition EA 2422, Faculté des Sciences Gabriel, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France.
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Alonso-Alvarez C, Bertrand S, Devevey G, Prost J, Faivre B, Chastel O, Sorci G. AN EXPERIMENTAL MANIPULATION OF LIFE-HISTORY TRAJECTORIES AND RESISTANCE TO OXIDATIVE STRESS. Evolution 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2006.tb00534.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Crujeiras AB, Parra MD, Rodríguez MC, Martínez de Morentin BE, Martínez JA. A role for fruit content in energy-restricted diets in improving antioxidant status in obese women during weight loss. Nutrition 2006; 22:593-9. [PMID: 16704952 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2006.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2005] [Revised: 03/09/2006] [Accepted: 03/19/2006] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present work was to estimate the ability of two hypocaloric diets with different fruit contents to improve antioxidant biomarkers related to lipid peroxidation in obese women. METHODS Fifteen obese women (age 32 +/- 6 y, body mass index 34.9 +/- 2.9 kg/m2) were assigned to two different dietary treatments for 8 wk. The subjects received a hypocaloric diet (600 kcal/d restriction from the measured individual energy expenditure) containing 5% (n = 8) or 15% (n = 7) energy supplied by fructose from fruits. Anthropometric measurements, blood lipid profile, plasma oxidative markers, total antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated before and after the nutritional intervention in addition to some relations among them. RESULTS No differences in weight loss were observed between diets (5% energy from fructose in the low fruit diet -6.9 +/- 2% versus 15% energy from fructose in the high fruit diet -6.6 +/- 2%; P = 0.781). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels significantly decreased (P = 0.048) in obese women who followed the high fruit diet, which was accompanied by a statistical (P = 0.046) diet-related decrease (-30%) in the ratio of MDA to antioxidant capacity. There was a positive association between MDA diet-related change and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.665, P = 0.003), with antioxidant capacity directly proportional to the fiber plus fructose content associated with fruit consumption (r = 0.697, P = 0.025). CONCLUSION A fruit-enriched hypocaloric diet appears to be more effective against oxidative stress. Consumption of antioxidant substances contained in fruit could be a useful strategy in the design of hypocaloric diets that, with the weight reduction, could increase the improvement of cardiovascular risk factors related to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Crujeiras
- Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Alonso-Alvarez C, Bertrand S, Devevey G, Prost J, Faivre B, Chastel O, Sorci G. AN EXPERIMENTAL MANIPULATION OF LIFE-HISTORY TRAJECTORIES AND RESISTANCE TO OXIDATIVE STRESS. Evolution 2006. [DOI: 10.1554/05-644.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bertrand S, Alonso-Alvarez C, Devevey G, Faivre B, Prost J, Sorci G. Carotenoids modulate the trade-off between egg production and resistance to oxidative stress in zebra finches. Oecologia 2005; 147:576-84. [PMID: 16341888 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-005-0317-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2005] [Accepted: 11/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The allocation of resources to reproduction and survival is a central question of studies of life history evolution. Usually, increased allocation to current reproduction is paid in terms of reduced future reproduction and/or decreased survival. However, the proximal mechanisms underlying the cost of reproduction are poorly understood. Recently, it has been shown that increased susceptibility to oxidative stress might be one of such proximate links between reproduction and self-maintenance. Organisms possess a range of antioxidant defenses, including endogenously produced molecules (e.g., enzymes) and compounds ingested with food (e.g., carotenoids). If reproductive effort increases the production of reactive oxygen species, the availability of antioxidant defenses may partly or fully counteract the free-radical damages. One could, therefore, expect that the trade-off between reproduction and oxidative stress is modulated by the availability of antioxidant defenses. We tested this hypothesis in zebra finches. We manipulated reproductive effort by either allowing or preventing pairs to breed. Within each breeding or non-breeding group, the availability of antioxidant compounds was manipulated by supplementing or not supplementing the drinking water with carotenoids. We found that although birds in the breeding and non-breeding groups did not differ in their resistance to oxidative stress (the breakdown of red blood cells submitted to a controlled free-radical attack), one aspect of breeding effort (i.e., the number of eggs laid by birds in both breeding and non-breeding groups) was negatively correlated with resistance to oxidative stress only in birds that did not benefit from a carotenoid-supplemented diet. This result therefore suggests that carotenoid availability can modulate the trade-off between reproduction and resistance to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Bertrand
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Evolutive, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS UMR 7103, 75252 Paris cedex 05, quai St. Bernard, France.
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