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Guan Q, Gong T, Lu ZM, Geng Y, Duan W, Ren YL, Zhang XJ, Chai LJ, Shi JS, Xu ZH. Hepatoprotective Effect of Cereal Vinegar Sediment in Acute Liver Injury Mice and Its Influence on Gut Microbiota. Front Nutr 2022; 8:798273. [PMID: 35004825 PMCID: PMC8740290 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.798273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereal vinegar sediment (CVS) is a natural precipitate formed during the aging process of traditional grain vinegar. It has been used as Chinese traditional medicine, while its composition and function are reported minimally. In this study, we measured CVS in terms of saccharide, protein, fat and water content, and polyphenol and flavonoid content. Furthermore, we determined the amino acids, organic acids, and other soluble metabolites in CVS using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), HPLC, and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) platforms. The hepatoprotective effect of CVS was evaluated in acute CCl4-induced liver injury mice. Administration of CVS for 7 days prior to the CCl4 treatment can significantly decrease liver alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, compared with those in the hepatic injury model group. The gut microbiota was changed by CCl4 administration and was partly shifted by the pretreatment of CVS, particularly the Muribaculaceae family, which was increased in CVS-treated groups compared with that in the CCl4 administration group. Moreover, the abundances of Alistipes genus and Muribaculaceae family were correlated with the liver ALT, AST, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Our results illustrated the composition of CVS and its hepatoprotective effect in mice, suggested that CVS could be developed as functional food to prevent acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijie Guan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tingting Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhen-Ming Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Products Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yan Geng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenhui Duan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yi-Lin Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Products Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Li-Juan Chai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Products Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jin-Song Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Products Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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2
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Health Promoting Properties of Cereal Vinegars. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020344. [PMID: 33562762 PMCID: PMC7914830 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vinegar has been used for its health promoting properties since antiquity. Nowadays, these properties are investigated, scientifically documented, and highlighted. The health benefits of vinegar have been associated with the presence of a variety of bioactive components such as acetic acid and other organic acids, phenolic compounds, amino acids, carotenoids, phytosterols, vitamins, minerals, and alkaloids, etc. These components are known to induce responses in the human body, such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antitumor, antiobesity, antihypertensive, and anti-inflammatory effects. The diversity and levels of bioactive components in vinegars depend on the raw material and the production method used. Cereal vinegars, which are more common in the Asia-Pacific region, are usually made from rice, although other cereals, such as millet, sorghum, barley, malt, wheat, corn, rye, oats, bran and chaff, are also used. A variety of bioactive components, such as organic acids, polyphenols, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, alkaloids, melanoidins, butenolides, and specific compounds such as γ-oryzanol, tetramethylpyrazine, γ-aminobutyric acid, etc., have been associated with the health properties of cereal vinegars. In this work, the bioactive components and the related health effects of cereal vinegars are reviewed, and the most recent scientific literature is presented and discussed.
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Jo Y, Chung N, Park SW, Noh BS, Jeong YJ, Kwon JH. Application of E-tongue, E-nose, and MS-E-nose for discriminating aged vinegars based on taste and aroma profiles. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:1313-1318. [PMID: 30263410 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The combined approach of E-senses was undertaken to discriminate the taste and aroma profiles of aged vinegars, including Chinese Shanxi extra aged vinegar (EX, 5-8 years), Japanese black vinegar (BL, 1-5 years), and Italian balsamic vinegar (BA, 8-25 years). The principal component analysis plot for E-tongue revealed that EX, BL, and BA formed individual groups with clear distinctions. The volatile compounds detected in E-nose based on Kovats indices represented that a major component in all vinegars was matched to acetic acid, which showed a strong relationship with the aging period (R=0.8186-0.9998). The discriminant function analysis plot accompanied by the MS-E-nose indicated that more volatiles were produced during prolonged aging in cereal vinegar, whereas the aging process degraded volatile constituents in fruit vinegar. Categorization with respect to aging years was possible using both E-noses. The approach using E-senses indicated a better discrimination for distinguishing the complex sensory information in aged vinegars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhee Jo
- 1School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Korea
| | - Namhyeok Chung
- 1School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Korea
| | - Su Won Park
- 2Department and Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, 01797 Korea
| | - Bong Soo Noh
- 2Department and Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, 01797 Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Jeong
- 3Department and Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601 Korea
| | - Joong-Ho Kwon
- 1School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Korea
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Nakasone Y, Sato N, Azuma T, Hasumi K. Intake of black-vinegar-mash-garlic enhances salivary release of secretory IgA: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Biomed Rep 2016; 5:63-67. [PMID: 27347407 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Several previous studies have provided evidence that suggests the beneficial effects of garlic and black vinegar on human health, including benefits to immune function. The preliminary study indicated that the intake of black-vinegar-mash-garlic-containing food, created from aged garlic pickled in the mash of black vinegar, enhanced the release of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in the saliva. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the food in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial. The trial was conducted in subjects aged between 30 and 60 years whose rate of salivary sIgA release was moderately low. Subjects consumed 2.49 g of placebo or black-vinegar-mash-garlic-containing food (active food) daily for 8 weeks. The data obtained with 54 eligible subjects (n=28 and 26 for placebo and active, respectively) were analyzed for efficacy. The rates of salivary sIgA release in the active food group (35.9±84.6 and 47.9±123.4 µg/min at weeks 4 and 8 of intake; changes from pretrial value) were higher compared to the respective rates in the placebo food group (-12.3±72.1 and -3.2±85.9 µg/min, P=0.028 and 0.082, respectively). These findings indicate that intake of black-vinegar-mash-garlic-containing food enhanced the intraoral immune response. There was no adverse event associated with the intake of active food.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Keiji Hasumi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo Noko University, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Baek CH, Jeong DH, Baek SY, Choi JH, Park HY, Choi HS, Jeong ST, Kim JH, Jeong YJ, Kwon JH, Yeo SH. Quality characteristics of farm-made brown rice vinegar via traditional static fermentation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.11002/kjfp.2013.20.4.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Baba N, Higashi Y, Kanekura T. Japanese black vinegar "Izumi" inhibits the proliferation of human squamous cell carcinoma cells via necroptosis. Nutr Cancer 2013; 65:1093-7. [PMID: 23914757 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.815234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Kurozu (Japanese black vinegar), a traditional product made from unpolished rice, contains beneficial organic materials and minerals. Improved manufacturing processes yielded a new vinegar, Izumi, that contains large amounts of these constituents. Because the antioxidative effects of Kurozu are well understood, we examined Izumi for its anticancer activity against the human squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell line HSC-5. HSC-5 cells were treated with Izumi or ordinary grain vinegar adjusted to 4.2% acidicity. MTT assay and the trypan blue dye exclusion test showed that Izumi significantly inhibited the proliferation of HSC-5 cells compared to ordinary grain vinegar. Propidium iodide (PI) flow cytometry and annexin V/PI staining revealed that among cells treated or untreated with Izumi or ordinary grain vinegar there was no difference in the number of apoptotic cells. A new form of necrosis, programmed necrosis or necroptosis, has been proposed. It is mediated by receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3 (RIPK3), key signaling molecule, and results in the release of cellular danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). When HSC-5 cells were treated with Izumi, the cellular level of RIPK3 protein and the amount of high-mobility group protein B1, one of the DAMPs, released into culture media were remarkably increased. These findings indicate that Izumi inhibits the proliferation of human SCC cells via programmed necrosis (necroptosis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Baba
- a Department of Dermatology , Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima , Japan
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Chen CM, Li SC, Chen CYO, Au HK, Shih CK, Hsu CY, Liu JF. Constituents in purple sweet potato leaves inhibit in vitro angiogenesis with opposite effects ex vivo. Nutrition 2011; 27:1177-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Shizuma T, Ishiwata K, Nagano M, Mori H, Fukuyama N. Protective effects of fermented rice vinegar sediment (Kurozu moromimatsu) in a diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma animal model. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2011. [PMID: 21765604 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.10-112.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Kurozu moromimatsu is the sediment of Kurozu, a jar-fermented Japanese black vinegar produced from unpolished rice. Here, we examined the protective effects of Kurozu moromimatsu in a diethylnitrosamine-induced model of hepatocellular carcinoma. Thirty-two F344 rats were divided into two groups; the control group received basal CE-2 diet, and the Kurozu moromimatsu group received CE-2 diet containing Kurozu moromimatsu. At 16 weeks after initial intraperitoneal administration of diethylnitrosamine (150 mg/kg/week), serum was collected from half the rats. These rats were sacrificed and the liver was resected for histological examination of hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections and assay of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels in tumor tissues. Glutathione S-transferase placental form-positive foci were evaluated by immunostaining for glutathione S-transferase placental form. The remaining rats were maintained for evaluation of survival. There were no significant differences of serum transaminases, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and also no marked hepatic histological differences, between the two groups. However, the size of hepatocellular carcinomas was greatly decreased and the levels of activated matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 were significantly reduced in the Kurozu moromimatsu group. Further, survival was significantly prolonged in the Kurozu moromimatsu group compared with the control. These results indicate that Kurozu moromimatsu inhibited the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Shizuma
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143, Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
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Shizuma T, Ishiwata K, Nagano M, Mori H, Fukuyama N. Protective effects of Kurozu and Kurozu Moromimatsu on dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis. Dig Dis Sci 2011; 56:1387-92. [PMID: 20936352 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-010-1432-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kurozu, a traditional Japanese black vinegar made from unpolished rice, and Kurozu Moromimatsu (Kurozu-M), its sediment, are both consumed in Japan as health foods or supplements. However, it is not known whether they have anti-colitis activity. AIMS We examined the protective effects of Kurozu and Kurozu-M in an animal model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. METHODS DSS-induced colitis was induced in C57 black 6 mice by orally administering 3.5% DSS solution for 12 days. The control group received basal CE-2 diet (n = 10), the Kurozu group received CE-2 containing Kurozu (n = 10), the Kurozu-M group received CE-2 containing Kurozu-M (n = 10), and the acetic acid group received CE-2 containing acetic acid (n = 10), starting a week before DSS administration. Changes of body weight and bloody stool frequency were monitored. At 12 days after DSS administration, mice were killed for pathological examination and measurement of nitrotyrosine levels in rectal tissues. RESULTS Kurozu significantly inhibited body weight loss during 6-12 days after DSS administration and reduced bloody stool frequency during 2-12 days, and also significantly decreased nitrotyrosine levels at 12 days, compared to the control group. Kurozu-M significantly inhibited body weight loss during 6-8 days after DSS administration and reduced bloody stool frequency during 2-12 days, but tissue nitrotyrosine level was not significantly different from the control. Acetic acid had no ameliorating effect on DSS-induced colitis compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS Kurozu and Kurozu-M have protective effects against DSS-induced colitis. Kurozu has anti-oxidative and anti-nitration activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Shizuma
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143, Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.
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Nishida U, Kato M, Nishida M, Kamada G, Ono S, Shimizu Y, Fujimori S, Asaka M. Evaluation of gastrointestinal injury and blood flow of small bowel during low-dose aspirin administration. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2011; 49:31-5. [PMID: 21765604 PMCID: PMC3082081 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.10-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-dose acetylsalicylic acid has been widely used. We evaluated small bowel and gastric injuries during acetylsalicylic acid administration using video capsule endoscopy and gastroduodenal endoscopy. We also investigated blood flow using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. Six healthy volunteers were enrolled in this preliminary study. The subjects were administered 100 mg of enteric-coated aspirin daily for 14 days. Video capsule endoscopy and gastroduodenal endoscopy were simultaneously performed before administration and on days 1, 3, 7 and 14. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography was performed before administration and on day 2, and 8. Video capsule endoscopy after administration of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid revealed small bowel mucosal damages of petechiae and erythema in all cases, and denuded area in one case. The total number of lesions in the small bowel increased according to duration of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid administration. However, the total number of lesions in the stomach peaked on day 3. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography showed that the time-intensity curve peak value and Areas under the curves after acetylsalicylic acid administration were reduced. We observed not only gastric mucosal injuries but also small intestinal injuries with short-term low-dose acetylsalicylic acid administration. Acetylsalicylic acid administration also caused a decrease in small intestinal blood flow. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography is useful for evaluation blood flow in the small bowel mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urara Nishida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 17, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
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Effects of Kurozu concentrated liquid on adipocyte size in rats. Lipids Health Dis 2010; 9:134. [PMID: 21092258 PMCID: PMC3002919 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-9-134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Kurozu concentrated liquid (KCL) is used as a health-promoting supplement for the treatment of disorders such as cancer, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension in Japan. We investigated the possible anti-obesity effects of KCL in rats. Methods Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed American Institute of Nutrition 76 formula diet and were orally administrated KCL or acetic acid at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight or deionized water for 4 weeks. Adipocyte size, DNA content in subcutaneous adipose tissue, lipid levels in the serum and liver, and the rate of fatty acid excretion were determined. Effects of KCL on pancreatic lipase activity and 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation were investigated in vitro. Results In the KCL group, the average adipocyte size in subcutaneous and perirenal adipose tissues was significantly reduced. The KCL-administered rats displayed greater numbers of small adipocytes in the subcutaneous, perirenal and mesenteric adipose tissues than did rats from the other groups. In the KCL group, the DNA content in subcutaneous adipose tissue was significantly increased. The rate of fatty acid excretion was significantly increased in the KCL group. Furthermore, KCL significantly inhibited pancreatic lipase activity in vitro, and also significantly inhibited fat accumulation and mRNA expression of fatty acid binding protein 2 (aP2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated γ (PPARγ) in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte. The levels of serum and liver lipids, the concentration of serum glucose, and the levels of adiponectin were similar among the 3 groups. Conclusion Oral administration of KCL decreases the adipocyte size via inhibition of dietary fat absorption and reductions of PPARγ and aP2 mRNA expression levels in adipocytes.
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Moon YJ, Choi DS, Oh SH, Song YS, Cha YS. Effects of persimmon-vinegar on lipid and carnitine profiles in mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-010-0049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Natarajan TG, Kallakury BV, Sheehan CE, Bartlett MB, Ganesan N, Preet A, Ross JS, FitzGerald KT. Epigenetic regulator MLL2 shows altered expression in cancer cell lines and tumors from human breast and colon. Cancer Cell Int 2010; 10:13. [PMID: 20433758 PMCID: PMC2878298 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-10-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MLL2, an epigenetic regulator in mammalian cells, mediates histone 3 lysine 4 tri-methylation (H3K4me3) through the formation of a multiprotein complex. MLL2 shares a high degree of structural similarity with MLL, which is frequently disrupted in leukemias via chromosomal translocations. However, this structural similarity is not accompanied by functional equivalence. In light of this difference, and previous reports on involvement of epigenetic regulators in malignancies, we investigated MLL2 expression in established cell lines from breast and colon tissues. We then investigated MLL2 in solid tumors of breast and colon by immunohistochemistry, and evaluated potential associations with established clinicopathologic variables. Results We examined MLL2 at both transcript and protein levels in established cell lines from breast and colon cancers. Examination of these cell lines showed elevated levels of MLL2. Furthermore, we also identified incomplete proteolytic cleavage of MLL2 in the highly invasive tumor cell lines. To corroborate these results, we studied tumor tissues from patients by immunohistochemistry. Patient samples also revealed increased levels of MLL2 protein in invasive carcinomas of the breast and colon. In breast, cytoplasmic MLL2 was significantly increased in tumor tissues compared to adjacent benign epithelium (p < 0.05), and in colon, both nuclear and cytoplasmic immunostaining was significantly increased in tumor tissues compared to adjacent benign mucosa (p < 0.05). Conclusion Our study indicates that elevated levels of MLL2 in the breast and colon cells are associated with malignancy in these tissues, in contrast to MLL involvement in haematopoietic cancer. In addition, both abnormal cellular localization of MLL2 and incomplete proteolytic processing may be associated with tumor growth/progression in breast and colonic tissues. This involvement of MLL2 in malignancy may be another example of the role of epigenetic regulators in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanemozhi G Natarajan
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC-20057, USA
| | - Bhaskar V Kallakury
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC-20057, USA
| | - Christine E Sheehan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College MC-81, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY-12208, USA
| | - Margaret B Bartlett
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC-20057, USA
| | - Natarajan Ganesan
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC-20057, USA
| | - Anju Preet
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC-20057, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Ross
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College MC-81, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY-12208, USA
| | - Kevin T FitzGerald
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC-20057, USA
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Nagano M, Ueno T, Fujii A, Hou DX, Fujii M. Anti-Hyperglycemic Effect of Kurozu Moromi Powder in Type II Diabetic Model KK-A y Mice. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.57.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - De-Xing Hou
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University
| | - Makoto Fujii
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University
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In vitro studies on the inhibition of colon cancer by butyrate and carnitine. Nutrition 2009; 25:1193-201. [PMID: 19619983 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Revised: 04/13/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiologic studies support an association between diet and the incidence of colorectal cancer. Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid present in dietary fiber and dairy products, is a potential anticarcinogenic compound. We previously showed that carnitine can enhance the bioavailability of butyrate in vivo. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of butyrate alone and in combination with carnitine on colon cancer cells in vitro, examining proliferation and apoptosis and the molecular mechanisms by which these nutrients may inhibit colon cancer. METHODS Caco-2 cells, a well-established cell model, were incubated with butyrate (2.5-20mM) with or without carnitine (10mM) for various incubation periods. Proliferation was measured by incorporation of (3)H-thymidine, and apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry, and then confirmed by analyzing the presence of single-strand DNA breaks typical of apoptotic cells. Prostaglandin E(2) production was assayed and Bcl-2 and cyclo-oxygenase-2 expressions were examined by western blotting. RESULTS Butyrate and carnitine inhibited Caco-2 cell proliferation (P<0.05) and induced apoptosis (P<0.05). Prostaglandin E(2) production was decreased in treated Caco-2 cells. At the molecular level, the expression of proapoptotic Bax and Bak proteins were increased in cells incubated with butyrate and carnitine, whereas expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-x(L) was decreased. Cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression was decreased in cells incubated with butyrate and carnitine. CONCLUSIONS Butyrate and carnitine inhibit human colon carcinoma cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in human colon carcinoma cells. This is accompanied by an appreciable alteration of the Bax-to-Bcl-x(L) and Bak-to-Bcl-x(L) ratios in favor of apoptosis. This study provides a scientific rationale to study the effects of carnitine and butyrate in colon cancer in vivo.
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