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Nosaka N, Tsujino S, Sadamitsu S, Ando N, Kato K. Ingestion of triglycerides containing medium- and long-chain fatty acids can increase metabolism of ingested long-chain triglycerides in overweight persons. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1260506. [PMID: 38045811 PMCID: PMC10693330 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1260506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) have attracted considerable attention for preventing or improving obesity, which is a recognized risk factor for lifestyle-related diseases. Medium- and long-chain triglycerides (MLCTs) are expected to improve the metabolism of ingested long-chain triglycerides (LCTs). However, previous studies have reported mixed results. In this study, the effect of ingestion of MLCTs was evaluated on the metabolism of LCTs and compared to the ingestion of rapeseed oil (control oil). Methods A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study was performed among sedentary participants with BMIs ranging from 25 below 30 kg/m2. Thirty participants were asked to ingest either 14 g of MLCTs or a control oil for 4 weeks. The metabolism of ingested LCTs was evaluated by measuring isotopically labeled carbon dioxide released by the degradation of carbon-13 (13C)-labeled LCTs. Results Ingestion of MLCTs markedly enhanced the metabolism of ingested LCTs by comparison to the control oil. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that ingestion of MLCTs may enhance the metabolism of dietary LCTs through activation of β-oxidation in liver mitochondria, which may increase the metabolic kinetics of ingested long-chain fatty acid (LCFAs). Clinical trial registration https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000053101, identifier: UMIN000046604.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohisa Nosaka
- Central Research Laboratory, The Nisshin OilliO Group, Ltd., Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shogo Tsujino
- Central Research Laboratory, The Nisshin OilliO Group, Ltd., Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shohei Sadamitsu
- Central Research Laboratory, The Nisshin OilliO Group, Ltd., Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nanaka Ando
- Central Research Laboratory, The Nisshin OilliO Group, Ltd., Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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2
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Fernández-Verdejo R, Mey JT, Ravussin E. Effects of ketone bodies on energy expenditure, substrate utilization, and energy intake in humans. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100442. [PMID: 37703994 PMCID: PMC10570604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of ketogenic approaches to regulate energy balance has recently gained attention since ketones may influence both energy expenditure and energy intake. In this narrative review, we summarized the most relevant evidence about the role of ketosis on energy expenditure, substrate utilization, and energy intake in humans. We considered different strategies to induce ketosis, such as fasting, dietary manipulation, and exogenous ketone sources. In general, ketosis does not have a major influence on energy expenditure but promotes a shift in substrate utilization towards ketone body oxidation. The strategies to induce ketosis by reduction of dietary carbohydrate availability (e.g., ketogenic diets) do not independently influence energy intake, being thus equally effective for weight loss as diets with higher carbohydrate content. In contrast, the intake of medium-chain triglycerides and ketone esters induces ketosis and appears to increase energy expenditure and reduce energy intake in the context of high carbohydrate availability. These latter strategies lead to slightly enhanced weight loss. Unfortunately, distinguishing the effects of the various ketogenic strategies per se from the effects of other physiological responses is not possible with the available human data. Highly controlled, inpatient studies using targeted strategies to isolate the independent effects of ketones are required to adequately address this knowledge gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Fernández-Verdejo
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio y Metabolismo (LABFEM), Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jacob T Mey
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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3
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Izar MCDO, Santos Filho RDD, Assad MHV, Chagas ACP, Toledo Júnior ADO, Nogueira ACC, Souto ACCF, Lottenberg AMP, Chacra APM, Ferreira CEDS, Lourenço CM, Valerio CM, Cintra DE, Fonseca FAH, Campana GA, Bianco HT, Lima JGD, Castelo MHCG, Scartezini M, Moretti MA, Barreto NSF, Maia RE, Montenegro Junior RM, Alves RJ, Figueiredo RMM, Fock RA, Martinez TLDR. Brazilian Position Statement for Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome - 2023. Arq Bras Cardiol 2023; 120:e20230203. [PMID: 37075362 PMCID: PMC10348387 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20230203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana Maria Pitta Lottenberg
- Laboratório de Lípides (LIM 10) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Ana Paula Marte Chacra
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | - Cynthia Melissa Valerio
- Instituto Estadual de Diabetes e Endocrinologia Luiz Capriglione (IEDE-RJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Josivan Gomes de Lima
- Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN - Brasil
| | | | | | - Miguel Antonio Moretti
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | - Renan Magalhães Montenegro Junior
- Complexo Hospitalar da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFCE), Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH), Fortaleza, CE - Brasil
| | - Renato Jorge Alves
- Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Roberta Marcondes Machado Figueiredo
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein (FICSAE), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
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Feng K, Fang H, Liu G, Dai W, Song M, Fu J, Wen L, Kan Q, Chen Y, Li Y, Huang Q, Cao Y. Enzymatic Synthesis of Diacylglycerol-Enriched Oil by Two-Step Vacuum-Mediated Conversion of Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester and Fatty Acid From Soy Sauce By-Product Oil as Lipid-Lowering Functional Oil. Front Nutr 2022; 9:884829. [PMID: 35571905 PMCID: PMC9093691 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.884829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Soy sauce by-product oil (SSBO), a by-product of the soy sauce production process, is the lack of utilization due to an abundance of free fatty acid (FFA) and fatty acid ethyl ester (EE). The utilization of low-cost SSBO to produce value-added diacylglycerol (DAG)-enriched oil and its applications are promising for the sustainability of the oil industry. The objective of this study was to utilize SSBO containing a high content of EE and FFA as raw material to synthesize DAG-enriched oil and to evaluate its nutritional properties in fish. Based on different behaviors between the glycerolysis of EE and the esterification of FFA in one-pot enzymatic catalysis, a two-step vacuum-mediated conversion was developed for the maximum conversions of EE and FFA to DAG. After optimization, the maximum DAG yield (66.76%) and EE and FFA conversions (96 and 93%, respectively) were obtained under the following optimized conditions: lipase loading 3%, temperature 38°C, substrate molar ratio (glycerol/FFA and EE) 21:40, a vacuum combination of 566 mmHg within the initial 10 h and 47 mmHg from the 10th to 14th hour. Further nutritional study in fish suggested that the consumption of DAG-enriched oil was safe and served as a functional oil to lower lipid levels in serum and liver, decrease lipid accumulation and increase protein content in body and muscle tissues, and change fatty acid composition in muscle tissues. Overall, these findings were vital for the effective utilization of SSBO resources and the development of future applications for DAG-enriched oil as lipid-lowering functional oil in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konglong Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaiyi Fang
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, China
| | - Guo Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijie Dai
- Guangdong Huiertai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangyan Fu
- Guangdong Meiweixian Flavoring Foods Co., Ltd., Zhongshan, China
| | - Linfeng Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qixin Kan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunjiao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyou Li
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Effects of equivalent medium-chain diacylglycerol or long-chain triacylglycerol oil intake via muffins on postprandial triglycerides and plasma fatty acids levels. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Liang S, Wei X, Zhang M, Sun C. Preparation of Structured Lipid Enriched with Medium Chain Triacylglycerol by Chemical Catalyzed Acidolysis of Coconut Oil: Optimized by Response Surface Methodology. J Oleo Sci 2019; 68:1175-1185. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess19187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Liang
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology
| | - Xianzhi Wei
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology
| | - Man Zhang
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology
| | - Cong Sun
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology
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7
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Xu T, Li J, Zou J, Qiu B, Liu W, Lin X, Li D, Liu Z, Du F. Rat Small Intestinal Mucosal Epithelial Cells Absorb Dietary 1,3-DiacylglycerolViaPhosphatidic Acid Pathways. Lipids 2018; 53:335-344. [DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tongcheng Xu
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology; Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Deep Processing, No. 202 Gongyebei Road, Licheng District; Jinan 250100 China
| | - Jianpeng Li
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology; Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Deep Processing, No. 202 Gongyebei Road, Licheng District; Jinan 250100 China
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road; Qingdao 266003 China
| | - Jiayong Zou
- The School of Public Health; Shandong University School of Medicine, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road; Jinan 250012 China
| | - Bin Qiu
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology; Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Deep Processing, No. 202 Gongyebei Road, Licheng District; Jinan 250100 China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology; Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Deep Processing, No. 202 Gongyebei Road, Licheng District; Jinan 250100 China
| | - Xinying Lin
- The School of Public Health; Shandong University School of Medicine, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road; Jinan 250012 China
| | - Duo Li
- Food Science and Nutrition Department; Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road; Hangzhou 310029 China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology; Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Deep Processing, No. 202 Gongyebei Road, Licheng District; Jinan 250100 China
- The School of Public Health and Health Sciences; University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 300 Massachusetts Ave; MA 01003 USA
| | - Fangling Du
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology; Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Deep Processing, No. 202 Gongyebei Road, Licheng District; Jinan 250100 China
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Abstract
Fasting hypertriglyceridemia is positively associated with the morbidity of coronary heart disease (CHD), and postprandial (non-fasting) hypertriglyceridemia is also correlated with the risk status for CHD, which is related to the increase in chylomicron (CM) remnant lipoproteins produced from the intestine. CM remnant particles, as well as oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) or very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) remnants, are highly atherogenic and act by enhancing systemic inflammation, platelet activation, coagulation, thrombus formation, and macrophage foam cell formation. The cholesterol levels of remnant lipoproteins significantly correlate with small, dense LDL; impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and CHD prevalence. We have developed an assay of apolipoprotein (apo)B-48 levels to evaluate the accumulation of CM remnants. Fasting apoB-48 levels correlate with the morbidity of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia, obesity, type III hyperlipoproteinemia, the metabolic syndrome, hypothyroidism, chronic kidney disease, and IGT. Fasting apoB-48 levels also correlate with carotid intima-media thickening and CHD prevalence, and a high apoB-48 level is a significant predictor of CHD risk, independent of the fasting TG level. Diet interventions, such as dietary fibers, polyphenols, medium-chain fatty acids, diacylglycerol, and long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), ameliorate postprandial hypertriglyceridemia, moreover, drugs for dyslipidemia (n-3 PUFA, statins, fibrates or ezetimibe) and diabetes concerning incretins (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitor or glucagon like peptide-1 analogue) may improve postprandial hypertriglyceridemia. Since the accumulation of CM remnants correlates to impaired lipid and glucose metabolism and atherosclerotic cardiovascular events, further studies are required to investigate the characteristics, physiological activities, and functions of CM remnants for the development of new interventions to reduce atherogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisaku Masuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
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9
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Bueno NB, de Melo IV, Florêncio TT, Sawaya AL. Dietary medium-chain triacylglycerols versus long-chain triacylglycerols for body composition in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Am Coll Nutr 2015; 34:175-83. [PMID: 25651239 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2013.879844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of replacing dietary long-chain triacylglycerols (LCTs) with medium-chain triacylglycerols (MCTs) on body composition in adults. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), to determine whether individuals assigned to replace at least 5 g of dietary LCTs with MCTs for a minimum of 4 weeks show positive modifications on body composition. We systematically searched, through July 2013, the CENTRAL, EMBASE, LILACS, and MEDLINE databases for RCTs that investigated the effects of MCT intake on body composition in adults. Two authors independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) were calculated for net changes in the outcomes. We assessed heterogeneity by the Cochran Q test and I(2) statistic and publication bias with the Egger's test. Prespecified sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS In total, 11 trials were included, from which 5 presented low risk of bias. In the overall analysis, including all studies, individuals who replaced dietary LCT with MCT showed significantly reduced body weight (WMD, -0.69 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.1 to -0.28; p = 0.001); body fat (-0.89 kg; 95% CI, -1.27 to -0.51; p < 0.001), and WC (-1.78 cm; 95% CI, -2.4 to -1.1; p < 0.001). The overall quality of the evidence was low to moderate. Trials with a crossover design were responsible for the heterogeneity. CONCLUSION Despite statistically significant results, the recommendation to replace dietary LCTs with MCTs must be cautiously taken, because the available evidence is not of the highest quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassib B Bueno
- a Laboratório de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo , Sao Paulo , BRASIL
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10
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St-Onge MP, Mayrsohn B, O'Keeffe M, Kissileff HR, Choudhury AR, Laferrère B. Impact of medium and long chain triglycerides consumption on appetite and food intake in overweight men. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 68:1134-40. [PMID: 25074387 PMCID: PMC4192077 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Medium chain triglycerides (MCT) enhance thermogenesis and may reduce food intake relative to long chain triglycerides (LCT). The goal of this study was to establish the effects of MCT on appetite and food intake and determine whether differences were due to differences in hormone concentrations. Methods Two randomized, crossover studies were conducted in which overweight men consumed 20 g of MCT or corn oil (LCT) at breakfast. Blood samples were obtained over 3 h. In Study 1 (n=10), an ad lib lunch was served after 3 h. In Study 2 (n=7), a pre-load containing 10 g of test oil was given at 3 h and lunch was served 1 h later. Linear mixed model analyses were performed to determine the effects of MCT and LCT oil on change in hormones and metabolites from fasting, adjusting for body weight. Correlations were computed between differences in hormones just before the test meals and differences in intakes after the two oils for Study 1 only. Results Food intake at the lunch test meal after the MCT pre-load (Study 2) was (mean ± SEM) 532 ± 389 kcal vs. 804 ± 486 kcal after LCT (P < 0.05). MCT consumption resulted in a lower rise in triglycerides (P = 0.014) and glucose (P = 0.066) and a higher rise in peptide YY (P = 0.017) and leptin (P = 0.036) compared to LCT (combined data). Correlations between differences in hormone levels (GLP-1, PYY) and differences in food intake were in the opposite direction to expectations. Conclusions MCT consumption reduced food intake acutely but this does not seem to be mediated by changes in GLP-1, PYY, and insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-P St-Onge
- 1] College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA [2] New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, St. Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - B Mayrsohn
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - M O'Keeffe
- 1] College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA [2] New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, St. Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - H R Kissileff
- 1] College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA [2] New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, St. Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - A R Choudhury
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - B Laferrère
- New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, St. Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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11
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Tucker RM, Mattes RD, Running CA. Mechanisms and effects of "fat taste" in humans. Biofactors 2014; 40:313-26. [PMID: 24591077 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Evidence supporting a "taste" cue from fat in the oral cavity continues to accrue. The proposed stimuli for fat taste, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), are released from food through hydrolytic rancidity and lipase activity derived from foods or saliva. NEFA must then be released from the food matrix, negotiate the aqueous environment to reach taste cell surfaces, and interact with receptors such as CD36 and GPR120 or diffuse across cell membranes to initiate a taste signal. Knowledge of these processes in non-gustatory tissues should inform understanding of taste responses to NEFA. Additionally, downstream effects of oral triglyceride exposure have been observed in numerous studies. Data specific to effects of NEFA versus triglyceride are scarce, but modified sham feeding trials with triglyceride document cephalic phase responses including elevations in serum lipids and insulin as well as potential, but debated, effects on gut peptides, appetite, and thermogenesis. In this review, we highlight the mechanisms by which NEFA migrate to and interact with taste cells, and then we examine physiological responses to oral fat exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Tucker
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Michalski MC, Genot C, Gayet C, Lopez C, Fine F, Joffre F, Vendeuvre JL, Bouvier J, Chardigny JM, Raynal-Ljutovac K. Multiscale structures of lipids in foods as parameters affecting fatty acid bioavailability and lipid metabolism. Prog Lipid Res 2013; 52:354-73. [PMID: 23624223 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
On a nutritional standpoint, lipids are now being studied beyond their energy content and fatty acid (FA) profiles. Dietary FA are building blocks of a huge diversity of more complex molecules such as triacylglycerols (TAG) and phospholipids (PL), themselves organised in supramolecular structures presenting different thermal behaviours. They are generally embedded in complex food matrixes. Recent reports have revealed that molecular and supramolecular structures of lipids and their liquid or solid state at the body temperature influence both the digestibility and metabolism of dietary FA. The aim of the present review is to highlight recent knowledge on the impact on FA digestion, absorption and metabolism of: (i) the intramolecular structure of TAG; (ii) the nature of the lipid molecules carrying FA; (iii) the supramolecular organization and physical state of lipids in native and formulated food products and (iv) the food matrix. Further work should be accomplished now to obtain a more reliable body of evidence and integrate these data in future dietary recommendations. Additionally, innovative lipid formulations in which the health beneficial effects of either native or recomposed structures of lipids will be taken into account can be foreseen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Michalski
- INRA, USC1235, INSERM U1060, CarMeN laboratory, IMBL, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France; CRNH Rhône-Alpes, CENS, F-69600 Oullins, France.
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13
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Fisher-Wellman KH, Bloomer RJ. Exacerbated postprandial oxidative stress induced by the acute intake of a lipid meal compared to isoenergetically administered carbohydrate, protein, and mixed meals in young, healthy men. J Am Coll Nutr 2011; 29:373-81. [PMID: 21041812 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2010.10719854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the oxidative stress response following isocaloric consumption of a lipid, carbohydrate, protein, and mixed meal. DESIGN Ten young (27.3 ± 7.0 years), healthy (body mass index = 24.9 ± 4.0 kg·m(-2)) men consumed isocaloric test meals on 4 separate days, separated by 1 week, in a random-order crossover design. Blood samples were collected premeal and at 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours postmeal and assayed for various markers of oxidative stress, as well as triglycerides (TAG) and glucose. Total area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for each variable, and a 4 × 5 analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to further analyze data. RESULTS Significant meal effects were noted for hydrogen peroxide AUC (p = 0.004), with values higher for the lipid meal compared with all other meals (p < 0.05). Contrasts revealed greater AUC for TAG (p = 0.05), malondialdehyde (p = 0.002), and nitrate/nitrite (p = 0.02) for the lipid meal compared with the protein meal. With regard to the ANOVA, oxidative stress values were highest for the lipid meal and increased from 2-6 hours postmeal following lipid ingestion (p < 0.05). No other meals resulted in a significant increase in oxidative stress (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that when controlling for total dietary energy, a lipid meal results in the greatest increase in postprandial oxidative stress in a sample of young, healthy men.
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14
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Effect of low concentration of diacylglycerol on mildly postprandial hypertriglyceridemia. Atherosclerosis 2010; 213:539-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Rains TM, Agarwal S, Maki KC. Antiobesity effects of green tea catechins: a mechanistic review. J Nutr Biochem 2010; 22:1-7. [PMID: 21115335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Revised: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Green tea catechins (GTC) are polyphenolic compounds present in the unfermented dried leaves of the plant, Camellia sinensis. Results from a number of randomized, controlled intervention trials have shown that consumption of GTC (270 mg to 1200 mg/day) may reduce body weight and fat. There are several proposed mechanisms whereby GTC may influence body weight and composition. The predominating hypothesis is that GTC influences sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity, increasing energy expenditure and promoting the oxidation of fat. Caffeine, naturally present in green tea, also influences SNS activity, and may act synergistically with GTC to increase energy expenditure and fat oxidation. Other potential mechanisms include modifications in appetite, up-regulation of enzymes involved in hepatic fat oxidation, and decreased nutrient absorption. This article reviews the evidence for each of these purported mechanisms, with particular reference to studies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tia M Rains
- Provident Clinical Research, Glen Ellyn, IL 60137, USA
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Clegg ME. Medium-chain triglycerides are advantageous in promoting weight loss although not beneficial to exercise performance. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2010; 61:653-79. [DOI: 10.3109/09637481003702114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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