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Liver fibrosis-induced muscle atrophy is mediated by elevated levels of circulating TNFα. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:11. [PMID: 33414474 PMCID: PMC7791043 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03353-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is a critical health problem associated with several complications, including skeletal muscle atrophy, which adversely affects the clinical outcome of patients independent of their liver functions. However, the precise mechanism underlying liver cirrhosis-induced muscle atrophy has not been elucidated. Here we show that serum factor induced by liver fibrosis leads to skeletal muscle atrophy. Using bile duct ligation (BDL) model of liver injury, we induced liver fibrosis in mice and observed subsequent muscle atrophy and weakness. We developed culture system of human primary myotubes that enables an evaluation of the effects of soluble factors on muscle atrophy and found that serum from BDL mice contains atrophy-inducing factors. This atrophy-inducing effect of BDL mouse serum was mitigated upon inhibition of TNFα signalling but not inhibition of myostatin/activin signalling. The BDL mice exhibited significantly up-regulated serum levels of TNFα when compared with the control mice. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of Tnf were markedly up-regulated in the fibrotic liver but not in the skeletal muscles of BDL mice. The gene expression analysis of isolated nuclei revealed that Tnf is exclusively expressed in the non-fibrogenic diploid cell population of the fibrotic liver. These findings reveal the mechanism through which circulating TNFα produced in the damaged liver mediates skeletal muscle atrophy. Additionally, this study demonstrated the importance of inter-organ communication that underlies the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis.
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Sánchez-Salgado JC, Estrada-Soto S, García-Jiménez S, Montes S, Gómez-Zamudio J, Villalobos-Molina R. Analysis of Flavonoids Bioactivity for Cholestatic Liver Disease: Systematic Literature Search and Experimental Approaches. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9030102. [PMID: 30875780 PMCID: PMC6468533 DOI: 10.3390/biom9030102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are naturally occurring compounds that show health benefits on the liver. However, there is little investigation about identification and evaluation of new flavonoid-containing drugs for cholestatic liver disease, one of the most common liver illnesses. We aimed to a systematic search regarding efficacy of flavonoids for treatment of cholestatic liver disease, and then evaluate naringenin (NG) as representative flavonoid in an obstructive cholestasis model. We searched for information of experimental and clinical studies in four major databases without time and language limits. Intervention was defined as any flavonoid derivate compared with other flavonoid, placebo, or without comparator. In addition, we evaluated NG on a bile duct-ligated model in order to contribute evidence of its actions. Eleven experimental reports that support the efficacy of flavonoids in cholestatic liver disease were identified. However, there was no homogeneity in efficacy endpoints evaluated and methodology. On the other hand, NG showed beneficial effects by improving specific metabolic (cholesterol and lipoproteins) and liver damage (bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase) biomarkers. The review lacks homogeneous evidence about efficacy of flavonoids in experimental settings, and is susceptible to risk for bias. NG only showed improvements in specific disease biomarkers. More investigation is still needed to determine its potential for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Sánchez-Salgado
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular y Ciencias Avanzadas, Mexico City 01900, Mexico.
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, MOR 62209, Mexico.
| | - Samuel Estrada-Soto
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, MOR 62209, Mexico.
| | - Sara García-Jiménez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, MOR 62209, Mexico.
| | - Sergio Montes
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City 14269, Mexico.
| | - Jaime Gómez-Zamudio
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, México City 06720, Mexico.
| | - Rafael Villalobos-Molina
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico.
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México.
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de Andrade DC, de Carvalho SN, Pinheiro D, Thole AA, Moura AS, de Carvalho L, Cortez EAC. Bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation improves mitochondrial bioenergetics in the liver of cholestatic rats. Exp Cell Res 2015; 336:15-22. [PMID: 25978973 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with liver cholestatis. Toxic bile salt accumulation leads to chronic injury with mitochondrial damage, ROS increase and apoptosis, resulting in liver dysfunction. This study aimed to analyze mitochondrial bioenergetics in rats with hepatic fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) after BMMNC transplantation. Livers were collected from normal rats, fibrotic rats after 14 and 21 days of BDL (F14d and F21d) and rats that received BMMNC at 14 days of BDL, analyzed after 7 days. F21d demonstrated increased collagen I content and consequently decrease after BMMNC transplantation. Both F14d and F21d had significantly reduced mitochondrial oxidation capacity and increased mitochondrial uncoupling, which were restored to levels similar to those of normal group after BMMNC transplantation. In addition, F21d had a significantly increase of UCP2, and reduced PGC-1α content. However, after BMMNC transplantation both proteins returned to levels similar to normal group. Moreover, F14d had a significantly increase in 4-HNE content compared to normal group, but after BMMNC transplantation 4-HNE content significantly reduced, suggesting oxidative stress reduction. Therefore, BMMNC transplantation has a positive effect on hepatic mitochondrial bioenergetics of cholestatic rats, increasing oxidative capacity and reducing oxidative stress, which, in turn, contribute to liver function recover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Caldas de Andrade
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Av. Prof. Manoel de Abreu 444, 3° andar, 20550-170 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Simone Nunes de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Av. Prof. Manoel de Abreu 444, 3° andar, 20550-170 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daphne Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Av. Prof. Manoel de Abreu 444, 3° andar, 20550-170 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Alves Thole
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Av. Prof. Manoel de Abreu 444, 3° andar, 20550-170 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anibal Sanchez Moura
- Labotatory of Nutrition and Development Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Av. Prof. Manoel de Abreu 444, 5° andar, 20550-170 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lais de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Av. Prof. Manoel de Abreu 444, 3° andar, 20550-170 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Erika Afonso Costa Cortez
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Av. Prof. Manoel de Abreu 444, 3° andar, 20550-170 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Correlation between morphological and functional liver volume in each sector using integrated SPECT/CT imaging by computed tomography and technetium-99m galactosyl serum albumin scintigraphy in patients with various diseases who had undergone hepatectomy. Nucl Med Commun 2013; 34:652-9. [PMID: 23652207 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0b013e328361cd42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to accurately examine the functional volume (RI-vol) of the hepatic segments on single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (CT) fusion imaging by technetium-99m galactosyl human serum albumin scintigraphy and compare it with the RI-vol and morphological volume obtained on computed tomography (CT-vol). METHODS In 60 patients with various liver background statuses who had undergone hepatectomy, the RI-vol and CT-vol were examined in each sector using imaging analysis. The values from a control group (n=91) were used as reference data. RESULTS The mean RI-vol and CT-vol of the right liver were 64 ± 10 and 63 ± 6%, respectively, whereas the values for the left liver were 36 ± 10 and 37 ± 6%, respectively. Compared with the control group, the ratios in each hemiliver were similar. The mean RI-vol and CT-vol for each sector were also similar, and significant positive correlations were identified between the two volumes (P<0.01). In four patients with hepatic tumors involving the main hepatic vessels or the bile duct and in 10 patients who had undergone portal vein embolization, the actual RI-vol in the injured sector was significantly decreased compared with CT-vol (P<0.05). There were marked changes in functional volume in segment 6+7 and segment 2+3 after portal vein embolization (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Volumetric measurement using single photon emission computed tomography/CT imaging with technetium-99m galactosyl human serum albumin scintigraphy is useful for evaluating the functional volume in separated livers and offers a good reflection of the background liver status.
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Liaset B, Hao Q, Jørgensen H, Hallenborg P, Du ZY, Ma T, Marschall HU, Kruhøffer M, Li R, Li Q, Yde CC, Criales G, Bertram HC, Mellgren G, Øfjord ES, Lock EJ, Espe M, Frøyland L, Madsen L, Kristiansen K. Nutritional regulation of bile acid metabolism is associated with improved pathological characteristics of the metabolic syndrome. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:28382-95. [PMID: 21680746 PMCID: PMC3151081 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.234732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are powerful regulators of metabolism, and mice treated orally with cholic acid are protected from diet-induced obesity, hepatic lipid accumulation, and increased plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) and glucose levels. Here, we show that plasma BA concentration in rats was elevated by exchanging the dietary protein source from casein to salmon protein hydrolysate (SPH). Importantly, the SPH-treated rats were resistant to diet-induced obesity. SPH-treated rats had reduced fed state plasma glucose and TAG levels and lower TAG in liver. The elevated plasma BA concentration was associated with induction of genes involved in energy metabolism and uncoupling, Dio2, Pgc-1α, and Ucp1, in interscapular brown adipose tissue. Interestingly, the same transcriptional pattern was found in white adipose tissue depots of both abdominal and subcutaneous origin. Accordingly, rats fed SPH-based diet exhibited increased whole body energy expenditure and heat dissipation. In skeletal muscle, expressions of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ target genes (Cpt-1b, Angptl4, Adrp, and Ucp3) were induced. Pharmacological removal of BAs by inclusion of 0.5 weight % cholestyramine to the high fat SPH diet attenuated the reduction in abdominal obesity, the reduction in liver TAG, and the decrease in nonfasted plasma TAG and glucose levels. Induction of Ucp3 gene expression in muscle by SPH treatment was completely abolished by cholestyramine inclusion. Taken together, our data provide evidence that bile acid metabolism can be modulated by diet and that such modulation may prevent/ameliorate the characteristic features of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn Liaset
- From the National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Qin Hao
- the Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henry Jørgensen
- the Department of Animal Health, Welfare, and Nutrition, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Philip Hallenborg
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense Denmark
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- From the National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Tao Ma
- the Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanns-Ulrich Marschall
- the Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Ruiqiang Li
- the Beijing Genomic Institute, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Qibin Li
- the Beijing Genomic Institute, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Christian Clement Yde
- the Department of Animal Health, Welfare, and Nutrition, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Gabriel Criales
- From the National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Hanne C. Bertram
- the Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, 5792 Aarslev, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- the Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- the Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway, and
| | | | - Erik-Jan Lock
- From the National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Marit Espe
- From the National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Livar Frøyland
- From the National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Lise Madsen
- From the National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway
- the Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- the Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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