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Hildebrand Budke CR, Thomaz DMC, Oliveira RJD, Guimarães RDCA, Ramires AD, Dourado DM, Santos EFD, Menezes ACG, Antoniolli-Silva ACMB. Effect of Fiber Supplementation on Systemic Inflammation and Liver Steatosis in Mice Fed with High-Carbohydrate Diets. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2022; 20:558-566. [PMID: 36318486 DOI: 10.1089/met.2022.0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: High consumption of carbohydrates can trigger metabolic and inflammatory disorders in the body. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fiber supplementation on inflammation and hepatic steatosis in mice fed high-carbohydrate diets. Methods: Swiss male mice were distributed into two control groups and two experimental groups that received isocaloric diet rich in starch (55%) or rich in fructose (55%). In the last 4 weeks of the experiment, the animals received 5% fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation via gavage, or water in the control groups. After 16 weeks, biochemical analyses, inflammatory cytokines, and histology of the liver of the animals were performed. Results: The animals that received fructose had higher weight at the end of the experiment as well as liver weight, consumed more feed, had higher levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and a higher degree of hepatic steatosis when compared with the animals that received starch. However, the animals that received starch showed a higher inflammatory process. FOS supplementation was efficient in reducing liver weight and hepatic steatosis degree in animals fed with fructose diet but showed more degeneration of liver tissue and high levels of inflammatory cytokines. FOS reduced the levels of urea and total cholesterol in the starch-fed animals. Conclusions: Diets rich in carbohydrates such as starch and fructose cause deleterious effects in animals, and fiber supplementation can bring beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Amariles Diniz Ramires
- Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul/UFMS, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Doroty Mesquita Dourado
- Histologia, Universidade para o Desenvolvimento do Estado e Região do Pantanal/Uniderp, Campo Grande, Brazil
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2
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Milenkovic D, Capel F, Combaret L, Comte B, Dardevet D, Evrard B, Guillet C, Monfoulet LE, Pinel A, Polakof S, Pujos-Guillot E, Rémond D, Wittrant Y, Savary-Auzeloux I. Targeting the gut to prevent and counteract metabolic disorders and pathologies during aging. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11185-11210. [PMID: 35730212 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2089870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Impairment of gut function is one of the explanatory mechanisms of health status decline in elderly population. These impairments involve a decline in gut digestive physiology, metabolism and immune status, and associated to that, changes in composition and function of the microbiota it harbors. Continuous deteriorations are generally associated with the development of systemic dysregulations and ultimately pathologies that can worsen the initial health status of individuals. All these alterations observed at the gut level can then constitute a wide range of potential targets for development of nutritional strategies that can impact gut tissue or associated microbiota pattern. This can be key, in a preventive manner, to limit gut functionality decline, or in a curative way to help maintaining optimum nutrients bioavailability in a context on increased requirements, as frequently observed in pathological situations. The aim of this review is to give an overview on the alterations that can occur in the gut during aging and lead to the development of altered function in other tissues and organs, ultimately leading to the development of pathologies. Subsequently is discussed how nutritional strategies that target gut tissue and gut microbiota can help to avoid or delay the occurrence of aging-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Milenkovic
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Capel
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lydie Combaret
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Blandine Comte
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dominique Dardevet
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bertrand Evrard
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christelle Guillet
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Alexandre Pinel
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sergio Polakof
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Estelle Pujos-Guillot
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Didier Rémond
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yohann Wittrant
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Successive Fermentation of Aguamiel and Molasses by Aspergillus oryzae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Obtain High Purity Fructooligosaccharides. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121786. [PMID: 35741984 PMCID: PMC9222578 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are usually synthesized with pure enzymes using highly concentrated sucrose solutions. In this work, low-cost aguamiel and molasses were explored as sucrose alternatives to produce FOS, via whole-cell fermentation, with an Aspergillus oryzae DIA-MF strain. FOS production process was optimized through a central composite experimental design, with two independent variables: initial sucrose concentration in a medium composed of aguamiel and molasses (AgMe), and inoculum concentration. The optimized process—165 g/L initial sucrose in AgMe (adjusted with concentrated molasses) and 1 × 107 spores/mL inoculum concentration—resulted in an FOS production of 119 ± 12 g/L and a yield of 0.64 ± 0.05 g FOS/g GFi. Among the FOSs produced were kestose, nystose, 1-fructofuranosyl-nystose, and potentially a novel trisaccharide produced by this strain. To reduce the content of mono- and disaccharides in the mixture, run a successive fermentation was run with two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. Fermentations run with S. cerevisiae S227 improved FOS purity in the mixture from 39 ± 3% to 61.0 ± 0.6% (w/w) after 16 h of fermentation. This study showed that agro-industrial wastes such as molasses with aguamiel are excellent alternatives as substrate sources for the production of prebiotic FOS, resulting in a lower-cost process.
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Zhang Q, Zhao W, Zhao Y, Duan S, Liu WH, Zhang C, Sun S, Wang T, Wang X, Hung WL, Wang R. In vitro Study of Bifidobacterium lactis BL-99 With Fructooligosaccharide Synbiotics Effected on the Intestinal Microbiota. Front Nutr 2022; 9:890316. [PMID: 35571919 PMCID: PMC9096902 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.890316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics and prebiotics relieve constipation by altering the composition of the intestinal microbiota. However, their synergistic mechanism of action remains unclear. Herein, an in vitro fermentation model was constructed to examine the synergistic effects of Bifidobacterium lactis BL-99 and fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on the regulation of intestinal microbiota from a population with constipation. The utilization of FOS was promoted by BL-99, and the increase rate being 22.33%. Relative to the BL-99 and the FOS groups, the BL-99_FOS group showed a highly significant increase in acetic acid content (P < 0.01) and a marked decrease in CO2 and H2S contents (P < 0.01) in the fermentation broth. In addition, the BL-99_FOS combination significantly changed the structure of the intestinal microbiota, enhanced the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria that relieved constipation, including Bifidobacterium, Fecalibacterium, Lactobacillus, Subdoligranulum, and Blautia, and decreased those of the harmful bacteria, including Bilophila and Escherichia-Shigella. These findings suggested that BL-99 and FOS synergistically regulated the composition and structure of the intestinal microbiota from the population with constipation and increased acetic acid and decreased CO2 and H2S levels, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the application of synbiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyang Zhao
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sufang Duan
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China.,Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Wei-Hsien Liu
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China.,Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Hangzhou Hailu Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Lian Hung
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China.,Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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5
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Zhang Q, Zhao W, Zhao Y, Duan S, Liu WH, Zhang C, Sun S, Wang T, Wang X, Hung WL, Wang R. In vitro Study of Bifidobacterium lactis BL-99 With Fructooligosaccharide Synbiotics Effected on the Intestinal Microbiota. Front Nutr 2022; 9:890316. [PMID: 35571919 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.890316if:] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 07/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics and prebiotics relieve constipation by altering the composition of the intestinal microbiota. However, their synergistic mechanism of action remains unclear. Herein, an in vitro fermentation model was constructed to examine the synergistic effects of Bifidobacterium lactis BL-99 and fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on the regulation of intestinal microbiota from a population with constipation. The utilization of FOS was promoted by BL-99, and the increase rate being 22.33%. Relative to the BL-99 and the FOS groups, the BL-99_FOS group showed a highly significant increase in acetic acid content (P < 0.01) and a marked decrease in CO2 and H2S contents (P < 0.01) in the fermentation broth. In addition, the BL-99_FOS combination significantly changed the structure of the intestinal microbiota, enhanced the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria that relieved constipation, including Bifidobacterium, Fecalibacterium, Lactobacillus, Subdoligranulum, and Blautia, and decreased those of the harmful bacteria, including Bilophila and Escherichia-Shigella. These findings suggested that BL-99 and FOS synergistically regulated the composition and structure of the intestinal microbiota from the population with constipation and increased acetic acid and decreased CO2 and H2S levels, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the application of synbiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyang Zhao
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sufang Duan
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Wei-Hsien Liu
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Hangzhou Hailu Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Lian Hung
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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6
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Costa GT, Vasconcelos QDJS, Aragão GF. Fructooligosaccharides on inflammation, immunomodulation, oxidative stress, and gut immune response: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:709-722. [PMID: 34966938 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Evidence shows that fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) can modulate inflammatory, oxidative, and immune activity in the gut, possibly leading to a systemic response, improving human health. OBJECTIVE To assess the present knowledge of the effects of FOSs on inflammation, immunomodulation, oxidative stress, and gut immune response. DATA SOURCES Studies published between December 2000 and January 2020 were systematically searched in four databases: MEDLINE, LILACS, Web of Science, and Scopus. After the screening of 1316 articles, 8 human studies and 20 animal models were included. DATA EXTRACTION Data were extracted separately by 2 reviewers. For each study, the design, population, exposures, main results, and conclusion were extracted. The research questions and the risk-of-bias information were also extracted. Additionally, the risk-of-bias were analyzed to guarantee the reliability of this review. DATA ANALYSIS A qualitative analysis revealed that FOSs can increase bifidobacteria counts and short-chain fatty acids in the gut, stimulate IgA secretion in the colon, and decrease proinflammatory cytokines, thus influencing metabolic diseases. CONCLUSION Studies suggest that FOS supplementation is positively associated with an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect, thus enhancing the gut immune system, which may be beneficial for the host's health. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration nos 42020209865 and 42020220369.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciana T Costa
- G.T. Costa is with the Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Q.D.J.S. Vasconcelos and G.F. Aragão are with the Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. G.F. Aragão is with the Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Quezia D J S Vasconcelos
- G.T. Costa is with the Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Q.D.J.S. Vasconcelos and G.F. Aragão are with the Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. G.F. Aragão is with the Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Gislei F Aragão
- G.T. Costa is with the Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Q.D.J.S. Vasconcelos and G.F. Aragão are with the Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. G.F. Aragão is with the Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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7
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Ren Z, Huo Y, Zhang Q, Chen S, Lv H, Peng L, Wei H, Wan C. Protective Effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 1201 Combined with Galactooligosaccharide on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124441. [PMID: 34959993 PMCID: PMC8706614 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute liver injury (ALI) has a high mortality rate of approximately 20–40%, and it is imperative to find complementary and alternative drugs for treating ALI. A carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced ALI mouse model was established to explore whether dietary intervention can alleviate ALI in mice. Intestinal flora, intestinal integrity, biomarkers of hepatic function, systemic inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis signals were detected through a real-time PCR, hematoxylin-eosin staining, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and so on. The results showed that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 1201 had a strongly antioxidant ability, and galactooligosaccharide (GOS) could boost its growth. Based on these findings, the combination of L. plantarum 1201 and GOS, the synbiotic, was applied to prevent CCl4-induced ALI in mice. The current research proved that GOS promoted the intestinal colonization of L. plantarum 1201, and the synbiotic improved the antioxidant capacity of the host, regulated the intestinal flora, repaired the intestinal barrier, inhibited the activation of the MAPK/NF-κB pathway, and then inhibited the apoptosis and autophagy pathways, relieving inflammation and liver oxidation; thereby, the ALI of mice was alleviated. These results suggest that synbiotics may become a new research direction for liver-protecting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyue Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Z.R.); (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (L.P.); (H.W.)
| | - Yalan Huo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 W Stadium Ave, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Qimeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Z.R.); (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (L.P.); (H.W.)
| | - Shufang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Z.R.); (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (L.P.); (H.W.)
| | - Huihui Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Z.R.); (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (L.P.); (H.W.)
| | - Lingling Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Z.R.); (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (L.P.); (H.W.)
| | - Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Z.R.); (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (L.P.); (H.W.)
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Cuixiang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Z.R.); (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (L.P.); (H.W.)
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-791-8833-4578; Fax: +86-791-8833-3708
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Vieira TF, Corrêa RCG, Peralta RA, Peralta-Muniz-Moreira RF, Bracht A, Peralta RM. An Overview of Structural Aspects and Health Beneficial Effects of Antioxidant Oligosaccharides. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1759-1777. [PMID: 32039673 DOI: 10.2174/1381612824666180517120642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-digestible oligosaccharides are versatile sources of chemical diversity, well known for their prebiotic actions, found naturally in plants or produced by chemical or enzymatic synthesis or by hydrolysis of polysaccharides. Compared to polyphenols or even polysaccharides, the antioxidant potential of oligosaccharides is still unexplored. The aim of the present work was to provide an up-to-date, broad and critical contribution on the topic of antioxidant oligosaccharides. METHODS The search was performed by crossing the words oligosaccharides and antioxidant. Whenever possible, attempts at establishing correlations between chemical structure and antioxidant activity were undertaken. RESULTS The most representative in vitro and in vivo studies were compiled in two tables. Chitooligosaccharides and xylooligosaccharides and their derivatives were the most studied up to now. The antioxidant activities of oligosaccharides depend on the degree of polymerization and the method used for depolymerization. Other factors influencing the antioxidant strength are solubility, monosaccharide composition, the type of glycosidic linkages of the side chains, molecular weight, reducing sugar content, the presence of phenolic groups such as ferulic acid, and the presence of uronic acid, among others. Modification of the antioxidant capacity of oligosaccharides has been achieved by adding diverse organic groups to their structures, thus increasing also the spectrum of potentially useful molecules. CONCLUSION A great amount of high-quality evidence has been accumulating during the last decade in support of a meaningful antioxidant activity of oligosaccharides and derivatives. Ingestion of antioxidant oligosaccharides can be visualized as beneficial to human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane F Vieira
- Program Post-graduated of Food Science, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Maringa, PR, Brazil
| | - Rúbia C G Corrêa
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.,Program of Master in Science, Technology and Food Safety, Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation (ICETI), Centro Universitário de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rosely A Peralta
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Adelar Bracht
- Program Post-graduated of Food Science, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Maringa, PR, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Rosane M Peralta
- Program Post-graduated of Food Science, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Maringa, PR, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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9
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de la Rosa O, Múñiz-Marquez DB, Contreras-Esquivel JC, Wong-Paz JE, Rodríguez-Herrera R, Aguilar CN. Improving the fructooligosaccharides production by solid-state fermentation. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Chu H, Tao X, Sun Z, Hao W, Wei X. Galactooligosaccharides protects against DSS-induced murine colitis through regulating intestinal flora and inhibiting NF-κB pathway. Life Sci 2020; 242:117220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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11
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Ma H, Xiong H, Zhu X, Ji C, Xue J, Li R, Ge B, Cui H. Polysaccharide from Spirulina platensis ameliorates diphenoxylate-induced constipation symptoms in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 133:1090-1101. [PMID: 31054300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to probe new functions of a polysaccharide from Spirulina platensis (PSP) on constipation and intestinal microbiota in mice. Diphenoxylate-induced constipation in mice was treated with different doses of PSP, followed by examining the defecation patterns, levels of acetyl cholinesterase (AchE), nitric oxide (NO), and tissue section histopathology. The composition of intestinal microbiota was determined by genome sequencing analysis of the 16S rDNA. This study found that the average molecular weight of PSP was 29, 600 Da, and mainly monosaccharides of PSP were rhamnose (24.7%), glucose (16.15%) and galactose (13.32%). The beneficial effects of PSP treatment include defecation improvement, increase of AchE activity, reduction of NO concentration, renovation of the damaged intestinal villus and affection on the expression of some related genes in the constipated mice. In addition, PSP had significant effects on the gut microbiota, showing the enhancement in abundance of beneficial bacteria including Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, Butyricimonas, Candidatus Arthromitus and Prevotella, and the reduction in abundance of harmful bacteria such as Clostridium and Dorea. The present s uncovered a new function of PSP, indicating that PSP could be used in constipation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Ma
- Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Huaye Xiong
- College of Resources and Environment, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Chunli Ji
- Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Jinai Xue
- Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Runzhi Li
- Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China.
| | - Baosheng Ge
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China.
| | - Hongli Cui
- Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; Functional Food Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China.
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12
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Food Supplements to Mitigate Detrimental Effects of Pelvic Radiotherapy. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7040097. [PMID: 30987157 PMCID: PMC6518429 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7040097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelvic radiotherapy has been frequently reported to cause acute and late onset gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although the underlying mechanisms of pelvic radiation-induced GI toxicity are poorly understood, they are known to involve a complex interplay between all cell types comprising the intestinal wall. Furthermore, increasing evidence states that the human gut microbiome plays a role in the development of radiation-induced health damaging effects. Gut microbial dysbiosis leads to diarrhea and fatigue in half of the patients. As a result, reinforcement of the microbiome has become a hot topic in various medical disciplines. To counteract GI radiotoxicities, apart from traditional pharmacological compounds, adjuvant therapies are being developed including food supplements like vitamins, prebiotics, and probiotics. Despite the easy, cheap, safe, and feasible approach to protect patients against acute radiation-induced toxicity, clinical trials have yielded contradictory results. In this review, a detailed overview is given of the various clinical, intestinal manifestations after pelvic irradiation as well as the role of the gut microbiome herein. Furthermore, whilst discussing possible strategies to prevent these symptoms, food supplements are presented as auspicious, prophylactic, and therapeutic options to mitigate acute pelvic radiation-induced GI injury by exploring their molecular mechanisms of action.
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de Vries J, Le Bourgot C, Calame W, Respondek F. Effects of β-Fructans Fiber on Bowel Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2019; 11:E91. [PMID: 30621208 PMCID: PMC6356805 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effects of β-fructan supplementation on bowel function in healthy volunteers and patients. The search process was based on the selection of publications listed in the Pubmed and EUPMC database until December 2017, plus two unpublished studies, to identify studies evaluating the impact of β-fructans on bowel movement and stool parameters. Forty-seven publications were selected for inclusion. Primary parameter was frequency of bowel movements, evaluated by the number of defecations per day during the study period. Secondary outcomes were stool consistency, stool dry and wet weights, and transit time. Short-chain (DP < 10) β-fructans contributed to increased stool frequency (0.36 defecation +/- 0.06 per day; p < 0.001), while no significant effect was reported with long-chain (DP ≥ 10) β-fructans (-0.03 +/- 0.11, p = 0.82). A minimal increase in stool wet weight was also statistically demonstrated with short-chain β-fructans. Moreover, the meta-analysis highlighted significant differences in stool consistency in contrast to fecal dry weight after β-fructan supplementation. This systematic review and meta-analysis indicates that short-chain β-fructan supplementation has a positive effect on bowel function by significantly increasing the frequency of bowel movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan de Vries
- De Vries Nutrition Solutions Inc., 7213 CE Gorssel, The Netherlands.
| | - Cindy Le Bourgot
- R & D Department, Tereos, Rue de Senlis, 77230 Moussy-Le-Vieux, France.
| | - Wim Calame
- StatistiCal BV, 2241 MN Wassenaar, The Netherlands.
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Moore AM. Coprophagy in nineteenth-century psychiatry. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2018; 29:1535737. [PMID: 30425610 PMCID: PMC6225515 DOI: 10.1080/16512235.2018.1535737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper shows how Austrian psychiatrists of the 1870s developed the first pathological accounts of institutional coprophagia, examining how they related the behaviour to mental illness and dementia. These ideas about coprophagia contrasted dramatically to the long European pharmacological tradition of using excrement for the treatment of a wide range of health conditions. Recent medical scholarship on institutional coprophagia is also reviewed here, with a novel hypothesis proposed about why some patients in long-term care resort to the behaviour in institutions where there is little opportunity for healthy human–microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Moore
- School of Humanities and Communication Arts, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
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15
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Pretreatment and treatment with fructo-oligosaccharides attenuate intestinal mucositis induced by 5-FU in mice. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Duan W, Ji W, Wei Y, Zhao R, Chen Z, Geng Y, Jing F, Wang X. Separation and Purification of Fructo-Oligosaccharide by High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography Coupled with Precolumn Derivatization. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020381. [PMID: 29439422 PMCID: PMC6017542 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) coupled with precolumn derivatization was developed for isolating and purifying fructo-oligosaccharides (FOSs). Firstly, the total FOSs were precolumn derivatized and then separated by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) with two-phase solvent system petroleum ether–n-butanol–methanol–water (3:2:1:4, v/v). Secondly, the obtained compounds were deacetylated and the fructo-oligosaccharides (FOSs) with high purity were obtained. Their structures were identified by mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). This research successfully established a novel strategy for separation and purification of FOS. There is no doubt that the application of the research will be beneficial for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of products containing FOSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Duan
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, 19 Keyuan Street, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Wenhua Ji
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, 19 Keyuan Street, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Yuanan Wei
- Quantum Hi-Tech (China) Biological Co., Ltd., 133 Gaoxin Road West, Hi-tech Zone, Jiangmen 529081, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ruixuan Zhao
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, 19 Keyuan Street, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Zijian Chen
- Quantum Hi-Tech (China) Biological Co., Ltd., 133 Gaoxin Road West, Hi-tech Zone, Jiangmen 529081, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yanling Geng
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, 19 Keyuan Street, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Feng Jing
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, 19 Keyuan Street, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiao Wang
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, 19 Keyuan Street, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China.
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Dahl WJ, Mendoza DR. Is Fibre an Effective Strategy to Improve Laxation in Long-Term Care Residents? CAN J DIET PRACT RES 2017; 79:35-41. [PMID: 28971691 DOI: 10.3148/cjdpr-2017-028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The high prevalence of constipation in long-term care (LTC) residents has been a long-standing issue for caregivers, attending health professionals, and the residents themselves. The traditional medical response has been to utilize pharmaceutical laxatives, enemas, and suppositories for treatment. The purpose of this review was to determine if fibre supplementation (including fibre added to foods) is effective in increasing stool frequency, improving stool consistency, and decreasing laxative use in LTC residents. A systematic search was conducted using PubMed and CINAHL databases, inclusive to March 2017. Search terms included: "long-term care" or "nursing home" AND "fiber (fibre)," "bran," "psyllium," "inulin," or "prebiotic." Intervention trials of fibre supplementation with ≥5 LTC residents were included. The search generated 456 articles following removal of duplicates; 8 studies met the inclusion criteria. Three additional trials were identified through a hand search of references of pertinent articles. Current evidence suggests that added fibre may be effective in increasing stool frequency and/or decreasing laxative use in LTC residents and, thus, may lessen the burden of constipation. However, randomized controlled trials are needed to clearly demonstrate the effects of adding fibre to foods, particularly insoluble and less fermentable sources, on constipation in LTC residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy J Dahl
- a Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Li T, Lu X, Yang X. Evaluation of clinical safety and beneficial effects of stachyose-enriched α-galacto-oligosaccharides on gut microbiota and bowel function in humans. Food Funct 2017; 8:262-269. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01290f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This is the first study providing clinical bases for developing DSG as a novel and safe agent against functional constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- China
| | - Xinshan Lu
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- China
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19
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Wang D, Li FL, Wang SA. A one-step bioprocess for production of high-content fructo-oligosaccharides from inulin by yeast. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 151:1220-1226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bali V, Panesar PS, Bera MB, Panesar R. Fructo-oligosaccharides: Production, Purification and Potential Applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 55:1475-90. [PMID: 24915337 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.694084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The nutritional and therapeutic benefits of prebiotics have attracted the keen interest of consumers and food processing industry for their use as food ingredients. Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), new alternative sweeteners, constitute 1-kestose, nystose, and 1-beta-fructofuranosyl nystose produced from sucrose by the action of fructosyltransferase from plants, bacteria, yeast, and fungi. FOS has low caloric values, non-cariogenic properties, and help gut absorption of ions, decrease levels of lipids and cholesterol and bifidus-stimulating functionality. The purified linear fructose oligomers are added to various food products like cookies, yoghurt, infant milk products, desserts, and beverages due to their potential health benefits. This review is focused on the various aspects of biotechnological production, purification and potential applications of fructo-oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Bali
- a Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology , Longowal 148106 , Punjab , India
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21
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Yen CH, Wang CH, Wu WT, Chen HL. Fructo-oligosaccharide improved brain β-amyloid, β-secretase, cognitive function, and plasma antioxidant levels in D-galactose-treated Balb/cJ mice. Nutr Neurosci 2015; 20:228-237. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2015.1110952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hua Yen
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Education and Research on Geriatrics and Gerontology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsin Wang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tzu Wu
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ling Chen
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Bunesova V, Vlkova E, Rada V, Killer J, Musilova S. Bifidobacteria from the gastrointestinal tract of animals: differences and similarities. Benef Microbes 2015; 5:377-88. [PMID: 24889892 DOI: 10.3920/bm2013.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
At present, the genus Bifidobacterium includes 48 species and subspecies, and this number is expected to increase. Bifidobacteria are found in different ecological niches. However, most were originally isolated from animals, mainly mammals, especially during the milk feeding period of life. Their presence in high numbers is associated with good health of the host. Moreover, bifidobacteria are often found in poultry and insects that exhibit a social mode of life (honeybees and bumblebees). This review is designed as a summary of currently known species of the genus Bifidobacterium, especially focused on their difference and similarities. The primary focus is on their occurrence in the digestive tract of animals, as well as the specificities of animal strains, with regard to their potential use as probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bunesova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16521 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - E Vlkova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16521 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - V Rada
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16521 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - J Killer
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16521 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14200 Prague 4-Krč, Czech Republic
| | - S Musilova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16521 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic
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de Souza Lima Sant'Anna M, Rodrigues VC, Araújo TF, de Oliveira TT, do Carmo Gouveia Peluzio M, de Luces Fortes Ferreira CL. Yacon-Based Product in the Modulation of Intestinal Constipation. J Med Food 2015; 18:980-6. [PMID: 25692980 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effects of a yacon-based product (YBP) on constipation in adults, including the elderly. Forty-eight individuals were recruited and divided into equal intervention groups named the test and control groups. The YBP (test) and the control (maltodextrin) were dissolved in commercial orange juice. The volunteers for the YBP/test group consumed, on a daily basis, orange juice containing 10 g fructooligosaccharide (FOS)/inulin per day. The control group consumed, on a daily basis, orange juice containing 25 g of maltodextrin. The study had a span of 30 days. We evaluated the participants' frequency of evacuation, consistency of the feces, constipation score, abdominal symptoms (flatulence, pain, and abdominal strain), and effects upon the microbiota, pH, lactate, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) of the feces. The study showed an increased number of evacuations after the consumption of the YBP as well as an improvement in the consistency of the feces and a reduction in the constipation score. After 30 days of intervention, the group that consumed the YBP showed higher counts of Bifidobacterium, lower Clostridium and enterobacteria counts, and lower fecal pH. In relation to SCFAs, no significant change was found after the intervention. However, the lactate concentration was higher in the test group when compared to the post-treatment control group. The YBP was effective in improving constipation symptoms; not only was its functional characteristic in reducing constipation symptoms evident but it also demonstrated usefulness as a potential therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tatiane Ferreira Araújo
- 2 Department of Food Technology, Federal University of Viçosa/UFV , Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tânia Toledo de Oliveira
- 3 Department of Agricultural Biochemistry, Federal University of Viçosa/UFV , Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Meksawan K, Chaotrakul C, Leeaphorn N, Gonlchanvit S, Eiam-Ong S, Kanjanabuch T. Effects of Fructo-Oligosaccharide Supplementation on Constipation in Elderly Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients. Perit Dial Int 2014; 36:60-6. [PMID: 25292404 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2014.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED ♦ BACKGROUND Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) exhibit soluble-fiber properties that beneficially affect bowel function and relieve constipation. The effects of FOS supplementation on constipation and biochemical parameters were examined in elderly continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. ♦ METHODS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study was performed in elderly CAPD patients (5 males and 4 females) with chronic constipation. All subjects were randomly assigned to receive either 20 g FOS or placebo daily for 30 days. After a 14-day washout period, the patients were switched to the other substance for 1 more month. Before and after each treatment period, frequency of defecation, characteristics of feces, and colonic transit were evaluated. Biochemical parameters were also assessed. ♦ RESULTS Fructo-oligosaccharides significantly increased the frequency of defecation (10.5 ± 2.0 vs 6.2 ± 1.4 times per week, p < 0.005) and changed the feces' appearance from type 1 (nut-like) to type 4 (sausage-like). The colonic transit determined by geometric center (GC) was augmented after FOS supplementation (3.9 ± 0.3 vs 3.2 ± 0.4, p < 0.05). Fructo-oligosaccharides had no effects on biochemical parameters. Fructo-oligosaccharides caused mild discomforts which were well tolerated after dose adjustment. ♦ CONCLUSIONS Fructo-oligosaccharide supplementation is effective, well tolerated, and can be an alternative to other laxatives in CAPD patients with constipation. Further studies are needed to better assess the biochemical effects of FOS in the chronic kidney disease population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulwara Meksawan
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Cell-based Drug and Health Product Development Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chorsakon Chaotrakul
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Napat Leeaphorn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bassett Medical Center and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Cooperstown, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Talerngsak Kanjanabuch
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine Kidney and Metabolic Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Kellow NJ, Coughlan MT, Savige GS, Reid CM. Effect of dietary prebiotic supplementation on advanced glycation, insulin resistance and inflammatory biomarkers in adults with pre-diabetes: a study protocol for a double-blind placebo-controlled randomised crossover clinical trial. BMC Endocr Disord 2014; 14:55. [PMID: 25011647 PMCID: PMC4099169 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6823-14-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) contribute to the development of vascular complications of diabetes and have been recently implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Since AGEs are generated within foodstuffs upon food processing, it is increasingly recognised that the modern diet is replete with AGEs. AGEs are thought to stimulate chronic low-grade inflammation and promote oxidative stress and have been linked to the development of insulin resistance. Simple therapeutic strategies targeted at attenuating the progression of chronic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance are urgently required to prevent or slow the development of type 2 diabetes in susceptible individuals. Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota has been shown to confer a number of health benefits to the host, but its effect on advanced glycation is unknown. The aim of this article is to describe the methodology of a double-blind placebo-controlled randomised crossover trial designed to determine the effect of 12 week consumption of a prebiotic dietary supplement on the advanced glycation pathway, insulin sensitivity and chronic low-grade inflammation in adults with pre-diabetes. METHODS/DESIGN Thirty adults with pre-diabetes (Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Impaired Fasting Glucose) aged between 40-60 years will be randomly assigned to receive either 10 grams of prebiotic (inulin/oligofructose) daily or 10 grams placebo (maltodextrin) daily for 12 weeks. After a 2-week washout period, study subjects will crossover to receive the alternative dietary treatment for 12 weeks. The primary outcome is the difference in markers of the advanced glycation pathway carboxymethyllysine (CML) and methylglyoxal (MG) between experimental and control treatments. Secondary outcomes include HbA1c, insulin sensitivity, lipid levels, blood pressure, serum glutathione, adiponectin, IL-6, E-selectin, myeloperoxidase, C-reactive protein, Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4), soluble receptor for AGE (sRAGE), urinary 8-isoprostanes, faecal bacterial composition and short chain fatty acid profile. Anthropometric measures including BMI and waist circumference will be collected in addition to comprehensive dietary and lifestyle data. DISCUSSION Prebiotics which selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria in the human colon might offer protection against AGE-related pathology in people at risk of developing type 2 diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register (ANZCTR): ACTRN12613000130763.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J Kellow
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Melinda T Coughlan
- Glycation, Nutrition & Metabolism Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 8008, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research & Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Gayle S Savige
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Christopher M Reid
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
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Cuervo A, Valdés L, Salazar N, de los Reyes-Gavilán CG, Ruas-Madiedo P, Gueimonde M, González S. Pilot study of diet and microbiota: interactive associations of fibers and polyphenols with human intestinal bacteria. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:5330-5336. [PMID: 24877654 DOI: 10.1021/jf501546a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have addressed the use of dietary fibers in the modulation of intestinal microbiota; however, information about other highly correlated components in foods, such as polyphenols, is scarce. The aim of this work was to explore the association between the intake of fibers and polyphenols from a regular diet and fecal microbiota composition in 38 healthy adults. Food intake was recorded using an annual food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Quantification of microbial populations in feces was performed by quantitative PCR. A negative association was found between the intake of pectins and flavanones from oranges and the levels of Blautia coccoides and Clostridium leptum. By contrast, white bread, providing hemicellulose and resistant starch, was directly associated with Lactobacillus. Because some effects on intestinal microbiota attributed to isolated fibers or polyphenols might be modified by other components present in the same food, future research should be focused on diet rather than individual compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Cuervo
- Department of Functional Biology, Facultad de Medicina, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Claverı́a s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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'The way to a man's heart is through his gut microbiota'--dietary pro- and prebiotics for the management of cardiovascular risk. Proc Nutr Soc 2014; 73:172-85. [PMID: 24495527 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665113003911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota has been identified as a possible novel CVD risk factor. This review aims to summarise recent insights connecting human gut microbiome activities with CVD and how such activities may be modulated by diet. Aberrant gut microbiota profiles have been associated with obesity, type 1 and type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Transfer of microbiota from obese animals induces metabolic disease and obesity in germ-free animals. Conversely, transfer of pathogen-free microbiota from lean healthy human donors to patients with metabolic disease can increase insulin sensitivity. Not only are aberrant microbiota profiles associated with metabolic disease, but the flux of metabolites derived from gut microbial metabolism of choline, phosphatidylcholine and l-carnitine has been shown to contribute directly to CVD pathology, providing one explanation for increased disease risk of eating too much red meat. Diet, especially high intake of fermentable fibres and plant polyphenols, appears to regulate microbial activities within the gut, supporting regulatory guidelines encouraging increased consumption of whole-plant foods (fruit, vegetables and whole-grain cereals), and providing the scientific rationale for the design of efficacious prebiotics. Similarly, recent human studies with carefully selected probiotic strains show that ingestion of viable microorganisms with the ability to hydrolyse bile salts can lower blood cholesterol, a recognised risk factor in CVD. Taken together such observations raise the intriguing possibility that gut microbiome modulation by whole-plant foods, probiotics and prebiotics may be at the base of healthy eating pyramids advised by regulatory agencies across the globe. In conclusion, dietary strategies which modulate the gut microbiota or their metabolic activities are emerging as efficacious tools for reducing CVD risk and indicate that indeed, the way to a healthy heart may be through a healthy gut microbiota.
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Sant’Anna MDSL, Ferreira CLDLF. Can Intestinal Constipation Be Modulated by Prebiotics, Probiotics and Symbiotics? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2014.512120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Li T, Lu X, Yang X. Stachyose-enriched α-galacto-oligosaccharides regulate gut microbiota and relieve constipation in mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:11825-11831. [PMID: 24245736 DOI: 10.1021/jf404160e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study probed the effects of Deshipu stachyose granules (DSG), a novel oligosaccharide preparation (55.3% stachyose, 25.8% raffinose, and 9.7% verbascose), on gut microbiota and constipation in mice. Mice were administered intragastrically without or with DSG (0.42, 0.83, and 2.49 g/kg bw), and feces were collected after 14 days of treatment and subjected to classical microbiological assays. Selective index (SI) and prebiotic index (PI) were incorporated to evaluate the prebiotic effect. DSG at 0.83 g/kg bw scored the highest SI and PI scores, thus supporting a strong prebiotic role. In addition, the impact of DSG (0.42, 0.83, and 1.68 g/kg bw) on defecation function of constipated mice was determined. Ink propulsion rate in the small intestine was significantly improved by DSG treatment. DSG supplementation also distinctly increased the weight and number of black feces within 5 h and evidently shortened the defecating time of first black feces, as compared with the constipation control mice. All of these findings indicate that DSG may promote the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria and inhibit pathogenic bacteria and also facilitate intestinal peristalsis and fecal excretion, thereby enhancing intestinal health and relieving constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062, China
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Nobre C, Teixeira JA, Rodrigues LR. New Trends and Technological Challenges in the Industrial Production and Purification of Fructo-oligosaccharides. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2013; 55:1444-55. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.697082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Revanna R, Turnbull MH, Shaw ML, Wright KM, Butler RC, Jameson PE, McCallum JA. Measurement of the distribution of non-structural carbohydrate composition in onion populations by a high-throughput microplate enzymatic assay. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:2470-2477. [PMID: 23494930 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-structural carbohydrate (NSC; glucose, fructose, sucrose and fructan) composition of onions (Allium cepa L.) varies widely and is a key determinant of market usage. To analyse the physiology and genetics of onion carbohydrate metabolism and to enable selective breeding, an inexpensive, reliable and practicable sugar assay is required to phenotype large numbers of samples. RESULTS A rapid, reliable and cost-effective microplate-based assay was developed for NSC analysis in onions and used to characterise variation in tissue hexose, sucrose and fructan content in open-pollinated breeding populations and in mapping populations developed from a wide onion cross. Sucrose measured in microplates employing maltase as a hydrolytic enzyme was in agreement with HPLC-PAD results. The method revealed significant variation in bulb fructan content within open-pollinated 'Pukekohe Longkeeper' breeding populations over a threefold range. Very wide segregation from 80 to 600 g kg(-1) in fructan content was observed in bulbs of F2 genetic mapping populations from the wide onion cross 'Nasik Red × CUDH2150'. CONCLUSION The microplate enzymatic assay is a reliable and practicable method for onion sugar analysis for genetics, breeding and food technology. Open-pollinated onion populations may harbour extensive within-population variability in carbohydrate content, which may be quantified and exploited using this method. The phenotypic data obtained from genetic mapping populations show that the method is well suited to detailed genetic and physiological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopashree Revanna
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Fructo-oligosaccharide attenuates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the activation of JNK/Jun pathway in the lungs of d-galactose-treated Balb/cJ mice. Eur J Nutr 2013; 53:449-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0545-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Waitzberg DL, Logullo LC, Bittencourt AF, Torrinhas RS, Shiroma GM, Paulino NP, Teixeira-da-Silva ML. Effect of synbiotic in constipated adult women - a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of clinical response. Clin Nutr 2012; 32:27-33. [PMID: 22959620 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Synbiotic intake may selectively change microbiota composition, restore microbial balance in the gut and improve gastrointestinal functions. We have assessed the clinical response of chronically constipated women to a commercially available synbiotic, combining fructooligosaccharides with Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains (LACTOFOS®). METHODS Following 1 week of non-interventional clinical observation, 100 constipated adult women, diagnosed by ROME III criteria, were randomized to receive two daily doses (6 g) of synbiotic or maltodextrin (placebo group), for 30 days. Treatment response was evaluated by patient's daily record of evacuation (stool frequency, consistency and shape, according to Bristol scale), abdominal symptoms (abdominal pain, bloating and flatulence) and constipation intensity (Constipation Scoring System AGACHAN). RESULTS Patients treated with synbiotic had increased frequency of evacuation, as well as stool consistency and shape nearer normal parameters than the placebo group, with significant benefits starting during the second and third weeks, respectively (interaction group/time, P<0.0001). There were no significant differences in abdominal symptoms, but AGACHAN score was better in the synbiotic than in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS Dietary supplementation with a synbiotic composed of fructooligosaccharides with Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium improved evacuation parameters and constipation intensity of chronically constipated women, without influencing abdominal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan L Waitzberg
- University of São Paulo Scholl of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Surgical Gastroenterology Discipline (LIM 35), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Vitetta L, Briskey D, Hayes E, Shing C, Peake J. A review of the pharmacobiotic regulation of gastrointestinal inflammation by probiotics, commensal bacteria and prebiotics. Inflammopharmacology 2012; 20:251-66. [PMID: 22427210 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-012-0126-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The idea that microbes induce disease has steered medical research toward the discovery of antibacterial products for the prevention and treatment of microbial infections. The twentieth century saw increasing dependency on antimicrobials as mainline therapy accentuating the notion that bacterial interactions with humans were to be avoided or desirably controlled. The last two decades, though, have seen a refocusing of thinking and research effort directed towards elucidating the critical inter-relationships between the gut microbiome and its host that control health/wellness or disease. This research has redefined the interactions between gut microbes and vertebrates, now recognizing that the microbial active cohort and its mammalian host have shared co-evolutionary metabolic interactions that span millennia. Microbial interactions in the gastrointestinal tract provide the necessary cues for the development of regulated pro- and anti-inflammatory signals that promotes immunological tolerance, metabolic regulation and other factors which may then control local and extra-intestinal inflammation. Pharmacobiotics, using nutritional and functional food additives to regulate the gut microbiome, will be an exciting growth area of therapeutics, developing alongside an increased scientific understanding of gut-microbiome symbiosis in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Vitetta
- School of Medicine, Centre for Integrative Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, The University of Queensland, Lvl 2, R Wing, 199 Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
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Oligosaccharides might contribute to the antidiabetic effect of honey: a review of the literature. Molecules 2011; 17:248-66. [PMID: 22205091 PMCID: PMC6268503 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17010248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence shows that honey improves glycemic control in diabetes mellitus. Besides its hypoglycemic effect, studies indicate that honey ameliorates lipid abnormalities in rats and humans with diabetes. The majority of these studies do not examine the mechanisms by which honey ameliorates glycemic and/or lipid derangements. The gut microbiota is now recognized for its ability to increase energy harvest from the diet and alter lipid metabolism of the host. Recently available data implicate a causal role of these gut microbes in the pathophysiology of obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus. In this review, we present some of the latest findings linking gut microbiota to pathogenesis of obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus. The review also underlines data that demonstrate the beneficial effects of oligosaccharides on various abnormalities commonly associated with these disorders. Based on the similarities of some of these findings with those of honey, together with the evidence that honey contains oligosaccharides, we hypothesize that oligosaccharides present in honey might contribute to the antidiabetic and other health-related beneficial effects of honey. We anticipate that the possibility of oligosaccharides in honey contributing to the antidiabetic and other health-related effects of honey will stimulate a renewed research interest in this field.
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Fructo-oligosaccharide systemically diminishedd-galactose-induced oxidative molecule damages in BALB/cJ mice. Br J Nutr 2011; 107:1787-92. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511005150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Subcutaneous (s.c.)d-galactose (DG) treatment has been shown to facilitate the development of biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease in C57BL/6J mice. The aim of the present study was to determine whether this treatment in young BALB/cJ mice, another mouse strain, enhanced oxidative stress to similar extents shown in older mice, and to further determine the effects of fructo-oligosaccharide (FO), a prebiotic fibre and vitamin E (antioxidant control) on the DG-induced oxidative damage of lipids, proteins and mitochondrial DNA, and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities. Mice (12 weeks of age,n40) were divided into four groups: vehicle (s.c. saline)+control (modified rodent chow); DG (s.c. 1·2 g/kg body weight)+control; DG+FO (5 %, w/w); DG+vitamin E (α-tocopherol, 0·2 %). Then, the animals were killed after 52 d of treatment. Another natural ageing (NA) group without any injection was killed at 47 weeks of age, which served as an aged control. The results indicated that the DG treatment enhanced malonaldehyde dimethyl acetal (MDA) levels in the plasma, liver and cerebral cortex, and protein carbonyl levels in the liver and hippocampus to similar levels shown in the NA group. FO, similar to α-tocopherol, systemically normalised DG-induced elevations in the levels of MDA in the plasma, liver and cerebral cortex, protein carbonyls in the liver and hippocampus, hepatic mitochondrial 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity. In conclusion, the s.c. DG treatment in younger BALB/cJ mice resembled the oxidative status in older mice. FO supplementation systemically prevented DG-induced oxidative stress, probably through its fermentation products and prebiotic effect.
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Wu WT, Chen HL. Konjac glucomannan and inulin systematically modulate antioxidant defense in rats fed a high-fat fiber-free diet. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:9194-9200. [PMID: 21800874 DOI: 10.1021/jf202060p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of konjac glucomannan (KGM) and inulin on the balance between pro-oxidative status and antioxidative defense systems in the colon, liver, and plasma of rats fed a high-fat fiber-free diet. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 8 animals per group) were fed a high-fat (25% corn oil, w/w) fiber-free diet or that supplemented with KGM or inulin fiber (5%, w/w) for 4 weeks. The index of pro-oxidative status, malondialdehyde (MDA), and blood lymphocyte DNA damage; the antioxidative defense, that is, antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase) in the colonic mucosa and liver; and the plasma antioxidant levels were determined. The fermentation of fiber was shown in fecal short-chain fatty acids. Incorporation of KGM and inulin into the high-fat fiber-free diet beneficially reduced the MDA levels of the colon and liver and DNA damage in blood lymphocytes. On the other hand, both fibers enhanced the antioxidative defense systems by up-regulating the gene expressions of glutathione peroxidase and catalase in the colonic mucosa and of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the liver. Furthermore, KGM and inulin promoted antioxidative status in the blood by elevating the α-tocopherol level. KGM and inulin were well-fermented in rats and increased the concentration and daily excretion of fecal short-chain fatty acids, especially acetate and butyrate. These results suggest that in vivo utilization of KGM and inulin stimulated both local and systemic antioxidative defense systems in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tzu Wu
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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