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Cripps SM, Marshall SA, Mattiske DM, Ingham RY, Pask AJ. Estrogenic endocrine disruptor exposure directly impacts erectile function. Commun Biol 2024; 7:403. [PMID: 38565966 PMCID: PMC10987563 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is an extremely prevalent condition which significantly impacts quality of life. The rapid increase of ED in recent decades suggests the existence of unidentified environmental risk factors contributing to this condition. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) are one likely candidate, given that development and function of the erectile tissues are hormonally dependent. We use the estrogenic-EDC diethylstilbestrol (DES) to model how widespread estrogenic-EDC exposure may impact erectile function in humans. Here we show that male mice chronically exposed to DES exhibit abnormal contractility of the erectile tissue, indicative of ED. The treatment did not affect systemic testosterone production yet significantly increased estrogen receptor α (Esr1) expression in the primary erectile tissue, suggesting EDCs directly impact erectile function. In response, we isolated the erectile tissue from mice and briefly incubated them with the estrogenic-EDCs DES or genistein (a phytoestrogen). These acute-direct exposures similarly caused a significant reduction in erectile tissue contractility, again indicative of ED. Overall, these findings demonstrate a direct link between estrogenic EDCs and erectile dysfunction and show that both chronic and acute estrogenic exposures are likely risk factors for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Cripps
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah A Marshall
- The Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Deidre M Mattiske
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rachel Y Ingham
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew J Pask
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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2
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Zare R, Devrim-Lanpir A, Guazzotti S, Ali Redha A, Prokopidis K, Spadaccini D, Cannataro R, Cione E, Henselmans M, Aragon AA. Effect of Soy Protein Supplementation on Muscle Adaptations, Metabolic and Antioxidant Status, Hormonal Response, and Exercise Performance of Active Individuals and Athletes: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials. Sports Med 2023; 53:2417-2446. [PMID: 37603200 PMCID: PMC10687132 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01899-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein supplements are important to maintain optimum health and physical performance, particularly in athletes and active individuals to repair and rebuild their skeletal muscles and connective tissues. Soy protein (SP) has gained popularity in recent years as an alternative to animal proteins. OBJECTIVES This systematic review evaluates the evidence from randomised controlled clinical trials of the effects of SP supplementation in active individuals and athletes in terms of muscle adaptations, metabolic and antioxidant status, hormonal response and exercise performance. It also explores the differences in SP supplementation effects in comparison to whey protein. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science, as well as a manual search in Google Scholar and EBSCO, on 27 June 2023. Randomised controlled trials that evaluated the applications of SPs supplementation on sports and athletic-related outcomes that are linked with exercise performance, adaptations and biomarkers in athletes and physically active adolescents and young adults (14 to 39 years old) were included, otherwise, studies were excluded. The risk of bias was assessed according to Cochrane's revised risk of bias tool. RESULTS A total of 19 eligible original research articles were included that investigated the effect of SP supplementation on muscle adaptations (n = 9), metabolic and antioxidant status (n = 6), hormonal response (n = 6) and exercise performance (n = 6). Some studies investigated more than one effect. SP was found to provide identical increases in lean mass compared to whey in some studies. SP consumption promoted the reduction of exercise-induced metabolic/blood circulating biomarkers such as triglycerides, uric acid and lactate. Better antioxidant capacity against oxidative stress has been seen with respect to whey protein in long-term studies. Some studies reported testosterone and cortisol fluctuations related to SP; however, more research is required. All studies on SP and endurance performance suggested the potential beneficial effects of SP supplementation (10-53.3 g) on exercise performance by improving high-intensity and high-speed running performance, enhancing maximal cardiac output, delaying fatigue and improving isometric muscle strength, improving endurance in recreational cyclists, increasing running velocity and decreasing accumulated lactate levels; however, studies determining the efficacy of soy protein on VO2max provided conflicted results. CONCLUSION It is possible to recommend SP to athletes and active individuals in place of conventional protein supplements by assessing their dosage and effectiveness in relation to different types of training. SP may enhance lean mass compared with other protein sources, enhance the antioxidant status, and reduce oxidative stress. SP supplementation had an inconsistent effect on testosterone and cortisol levels. SP supplementation may be beneficial, especially after muscle damage, high-intensity/high-speed or repeated bouts of strenuous exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Zare
- Meshkat Sports Complex, Karaj, Alborz Province, Iran
- Arses Sports Complex, Karaj, Alborz Province, Iran
| | - Asli Devrim-Lanpir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, D09 V209, Ireland
| | - Silvia Guazzotti
- Department of Translational Medicine (DiMeT), Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases-CAAD, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Ali Ali Redha
- The Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Konstantinos Prokopidis
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
- Society of Meta-Research and Biomedical Innovation, London, UK
| | - Daniele Spadaccini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Roberto Cannataro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy
- GalaScreen Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy
| | - Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy
- GalaScreen Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy
| | - Menno Henselmans
- The International Scientific Research Foundation for Fitness and Nutrition, David Blesstraat 28HS, 1073 LC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alan A Aragon
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
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3
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Olías R, Delgado-Andrade C, Padial M, Marín-Manzano MC, Clemente A. An Updated Review of Soy-Derived Beverages: Nutrition, Processing, and Bioactivity. Foods 2023; 12:2665. [PMID: 37509757 PMCID: PMC10379384 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The global market for plant-based drinks is experiencing rapid growth driven by consumer demand for more sustainable diets, including vegetarian and vegan options. Soy beverages in particular are gaining popularity among individuals with lactose intolerance and milk protein allergies. They are considered an excellent source of high-quality protein, vitamin B, unsaturated fatty acids, and beneficial phytochemicals such as phytosterols, soy lecithins, and isoflavones. This review presents a comprehensive market survey of fifty-two soy beverages available in Spain and other European countries. The predominant category among those evaluated was calcium and vitamin-fortified drinks, accounting for 60% of the market. This reflects the need to address the nutritional gap compared to cow's milk and meet essential dietary requirements. The review covers the technological aspects of industrial soy milk production, including both traditional methods and innovative processing techniques. Additionally, it analyzes multiple studies and meta-analyses, presenting compelling evidence for the positive effects of soy beverages on various aspects of health. The review specifically examines the contributions of different components found in soy beverages, such as isoflavones, proteins, fiber, and oligosaccharides. Moreover, it explores controversial aspects of soy consumption, including its potential implications for growth, puberty, fertility, feminization, and the thyroid gland.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alfonso Clemente
- Department of Nutrition and Sustainable Animal Production, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, San Miguel 101, Armilla, E-18100 Granada, Spain
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4
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Imai H, Nishikawa H, Suzuki A, Kodama E, Iida T, Mikura K, Hashizume M, Kigawa Y, Tadokoro R, Sugisawa C, Endo K, Iizaka T, Otsuka F, Nagasaka S. Secondary Hypogonadism due to Excessive Ingestion of Isoflavone in a Man. Intern Med 2022; 61:2899-2903. [PMID: 35228414 PMCID: PMC9593161 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.8578-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A 54-year-old man had been drinking approximately 1.2 L of soy milk (equivalent to approximately 310 mg of isoflavones) per day for the previous 3 years. He then developed erectile dysfunction and gynecomastia. On an examination in our department in May, blood tests showed low gonadotropin and testosterone levels, indicative of secondary hypogonadism. He stopped drinking soy milk on his own in June of that year. When he was admitted in August, blood tests showed an improved gonadal function. Secondary hypogonadism caused by the excessive intake of isoflavones in soy milk was diagnosed. In men, an excessive intake of isoflavones may cause feminization and secondary hypogonadism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Imai
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Hiroto Nishikawa
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Asami Suzuki
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Eriko Kodama
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Iida
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Kentaro Mikura
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Mai Hashizume
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Kigawa
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Rie Tadokoro
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Chiho Sugisawa
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Kei Endo
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Toru Iizaka
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Fumiko Otsuka
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Nagasaka
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Japan
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5
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Koeder C, Perez-Cueto FJA. Vegan nutrition: a preliminary guide for health professionals. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:670-707. [PMID: 35959711 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2107997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Since the beginning of the 21st century, interest in vegan diets has been rapidly increasing in most countries. Misconceptions about vegan diets are widespread among the general population and health professionals. Vegan diets can be health-promoting and may offer certain important advantages compared to typical Western (and other mainstream) eating patterns. However, adequate dietary sources/supplements of nutrients of focus specific to vegan diets should be identified and communicated. Without supplements/fortified foods, severe vitamin B12 deficiency may occur. Other potential nutrients of focus are calcium, vitamin D, iodine, omega-3 fatty acids, iron, zinc, selenium, vitamin A, and protein. Ensuring adequate nutrient status is particularly important during pregnancy, lactation, infancy, and childhood. Health professionals are often expected to be able to provide advice on the topic of vegan nutrition, but a precise and practical vegan nutrition guide for health professionals is lacking. Consequently, it is important and urgent to provide such a set of dietary recommendations. It is the aim of this article to provide vegan nutrition guidelines, based on current evidence, which can easily be communicated to vegan patients/clients, with the goal of ensuring adequate nutrient status in vegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Koeder
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hanover, Hanover, Germany
- Department of Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Münster, Münster, Germany
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6
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Messina M, Duncan A, Messina V, Lynch H, Kiel J, Erdman JW. The health effects of soy: A reference guide for health professionals. Front Nutr 2022; 9:970364. [PMID: 36034914 PMCID: PMC9410752 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.970364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Soy is a hotly debated and widely discussed topic in the field of nutrition. However, health practitioners may be ill-equipped to counsel clients and patients about the use of soyfoods because of the enormous, and often contradictory, amount of research that has been published over the past 30 years. As interest in plant-based diets increases, there will be increased pressure for practitioners to gain a working knowledge of this area. The purpose of this review is to provide concise literature summaries (400-500 words) along with a short perspective on the current state of knowledge of a wide range of topics related to soy, from the cholesterol-lowering effects of soy protein to the impact of isoflavones on breast cancer risk. In addition to the literature summaries, general background information on soyfoods, soy protein, and isoflavones is provided. This analysis can serve as a tool for health professionals to be used when discussing soyfoods with their clients and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Messina
- Soy Nutrition Institute Global, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Alison Duncan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Heidi Lynch
- Kinesiology Department, Point Loma Nazarene University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jessica Kiel
- Scientific and Clinical Affairs, Medifast Inc., Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - John W. Erdman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences and Beckman Institute, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana/Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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7
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Ma W, Zhang P, Yiming A, Amuti S, Ruze A. iTRAQ‐based identification of differentially expressed proteins in ED rat model induced by cold stress combined with environmental oestrogen. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14382. [DOI: 10.1111/and.14382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Ma
- School of Pharmacy Central Laboratory Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830017 P.R. China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy Basic Medical College Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830017 P.R. China
| | - Adilijiang Yiming
- Department of Human Anatomy Basic Medical College Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830017 P.R. China
| | - Siyiti Amuti
- Department of Human Anatomy Basic Medical College Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830017 P.R. China
| | - Abudureyimujiang Ruze
- Department of Human Anatomy Basic Medical College Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830017 P.R. China
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8
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Aboushanab SA, Khedr SM, Gette IF, Danilova IG, Kolberg NA, Ravishankar GA, Ambati RR, Kovaleva EG. Isoflavones derived from plant raw materials: bioavailability, anti-cancer, anti-aging potentials, and microbiome modulation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:261-287. [PMID: 34251921 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1946006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Isoflavones are secondary metabolites that represent the most abundant category of plant polyphenols. Dietary soy, kudzu, and red clover contain primarily genistein, daidzein, glycitein, puerarin, formononetin, and biochanin A. The structural similarity of these compounds to β-estradiol has demonstrated protection against age-related and hormone-dependent diseases in both genders. Demonstrative shreds of evidence confirmed the fundamental health benefits of the consumption of these isoflavones. These relevant activities are complex and largely driven by the source, active ingredients, dose, and administration period of the bioactive compounds. However, the preclinical and clinical studies of these compounds are greatly variable, controversial, and still with no consensus due to the non-standardized research protocols. In addition, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion studies, and the safety profile of isoflavones have been far limited. This highlights a major gap in understanding the potentially critical role of these isoflavones as prospective replacement therapy. Our general review exclusively focuses attention on the crucial role of isoflavones derived from these plant materials and critically highlights their bioavailability, possible anticancer, antiaging potentials, and microbiome modulation. Despite their fundamental health benefits, plant isoflavones reveal prospective therapeutic effects that worth further standardized analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saied A Aboushanab
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Shaimaa M Khedr
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Center (PFIDC), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, SRTA-City, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Irina F Gette
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia.,Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Irina G Danilova
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia.,Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Natalia A Kolberg
- Integrated Laboratory Complex, Ural State University of Economics, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Gokare A Ravishankar
- C. D. Sagar Centre for Life Sciences, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Dayananda Sagar Institutions, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ranga Rao Ambati
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation of Science, Technology and Research, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Elena G Kovaleva
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia
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9
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Lindermann Peressoni Teixeira MJ, Colonetti Colombo C, Colonetti L, Rosa MID, Colonetti T. Influence of phytoestrogens on endometrial thickness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Climacteric 2021; 25:118-127. [PMID: 34036861 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2021.1921728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the influence of the use of phytoestrogens on variations in endometrial thickness in postmenopausal women. Randomized controlled trials were searched in the following electronic databases until March 2020: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and LILACS. We used the terms 'phytoestrogens' and 'endometrium' or 'endometrial hyperplasia' to search for relevant trials. The data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software. A total of 10 studies involving 1476 patients were included. The difference in endometrial thickness was evaluated in 10 studies, with a total of 805 participants in the phytoestrogen group and 761 in the control group. Such a difference was not significant between groups after 3 months (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] - 0.37 to 0.37; I2 = 63%), 6 months (SMD -0.30, 95% CI -0.79 to 0.19; I2 = 70%), 12 months (SMD -0.02, 95% CI 0.22 to -0.18; I2 = 0%) and 24 months (SMD -0.09, 95% CI -0.25, 0.08; I2 = 0%) of use. Our meta-analysis shows no changes in endometrial thickness in women using phytoestrogens. Evidence is still uncertain owing to the presence of heterogeneity among the studies currently available, whose reported outcomes cover a period between 3 and 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C Colonetti Colombo
- Department of Medicine School, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - L Colonetti
- Laboratory of Biomedicine Translational, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - M Inês da Rosa
- Department of Medicine School, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.,Laboratory of Biomedicine Translational, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - T Colonetti
- Department of Medicine School, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.,Laboratory of Biomedicine Translational, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
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10
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Messina M, Mejia SB, Cassidy A, Duncan A, Kurzer M, Nagato C, Ronis M, Rowland I, Sievenpiper J, Barnes S. Neither soyfoods nor isoflavones warrant classification as endocrine disruptors: a technical review of the observational and clinical data. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5824-5885. [PMID: 33775173 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1895054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Soybeans are a rich source of isoflavones, which are classified as phytoestrogens. Despite numerous proposed benefits, isoflavones are often classified as endocrine disruptors, based primarily on animal studies. However, there are ample human data regarding the health effects of isoflavones. We conducted a technical review, systematically searching Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library (from inception through January 2021). We included clinical studies, observational studies, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMA) that examined the relationship between soy and/or isoflavone intake and endocrine-related endpoints. 417 reports (229 observational studies, 157 clinical studies and 32 SRMAs) met our eligibility criteria. The available evidence indicates that isoflavone intake does not adversely affect thyroid function. Adverse effects are also not seen on breast or endometrial tissue or estrogen levels in women, or testosterone or estrogen levels, or sperm or semen parameters in men. Although menstrual cycle length may be slightly increased, ovulation is not prevented. Limited insight could be gained about possible impacts of in utero isoflavone exposure, but the existing data are reassuring. Adverse effects of isoflavone intake were not identified in children, but limited research has been conducted. After extensive review, the evidence does not support classifying isoflavones as endocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Messina
- Department of Nutrition, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Aedin Cassidy
- Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Alison Duncan
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Mindy Kurzer
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Chisato Nagato
- Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Martin Ronis
- Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Baton Rouge, New Orleans, USA
| | - Ian Rowland
- Human Nutrition, University of Reading, Reading, England, UK
| | | | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama, Alabama, USA
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11
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Ostfeld RJ, Allen KE, Aspry K, Brandt EJ, Spitz A, Liberman J, Belardo D, O'Keefe JH, Aggarwal M, Miller M, Batiste C, Kopecky S, White B, Shah N, Hawamdeh H, Batts T, Blankstein R, Reddy K, Ornish D, Freeman AM. Vasculogenic Erectile Dysfunction: The Impact of Diet and Lifestyle. Am J Med 2021; 134:310-316. [PMID: 33227246 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vasculogenic erectile dysfunction has been aptly called the "canary in the coal mine" for cardiovascular disease because it almost always precedes other manifestations of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction and stroke. It is common, associated with the presence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, and impacted by diet and lifestyle choices. This concise review provides an update on the use of dietary and other lifestyle interventions to improve vasculogenic erectile dysfunction and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karen Aspry
- Lifespan Cardiovascular Institute, and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Brown University, Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI
| | - Eric J Brandt
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Aaron Spitz
- Partner, Orange County Urology Associates, Volunteer Clinical Assistant Professor, University of California, Irvine Department of Urology, Orange
| | - Joshua Liberman
- Ascension Wisconsin Cardiovascular Specialists, Milwaukee, Wis
| | - Danielle Belardo
- Division of Cardiology, Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, Penn
| | - James H O'Keefe
- Medical Director of the Charles and Barbara Duboc Cardio Health & Wellness Center, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Mo
| | | | - Michael Miller
- Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine, Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Columbus Batiste
- Division of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente Riverside and Moreno Valley, Riverside, Calif
| | - Stephen Kopecky
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minn
| | - Beth White
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV
| | - Nikhil Shah
- Division of Cardiology, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | | | - Travis Batts
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surgical Center, San Antonio, Tex
| | - Ron Blankstein
- Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Koushik Reddy
- Division of Cardiology, James A. Haley VA Medical Center, Tampa, Fla
| | - Dean Ornish
- Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Andrew M Freeman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
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12
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Reed KE, Camargo J, Hamilton-Reeves J, Kurzer M, Messina M. Neither soy nor isoflavone intake affects male reproductive hormones: An expanded and updated meta-analysis of clinical studies. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 100:60-67. [PMID: 33383165 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Concerns that the phytoestrogens (isoflavones) in soy may feminize men continue to be raised. Several studies and case-reports describing feminizing effects including lowering testosterone levels and raising estrogen levels in men have been published. For this reason, the clinical data were meta-analyzed to determine whether soy or isoflavone intake affects total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). PubMed and CAB Abstracts databases were searched between 2010 and April 2020, with use of controlled vocabulary specific to the databases. Peer-reviewed studies published in English were selected if (1) adult men consumed soyfoods, soy protein, or isoflavone extracts (from soy or red clover) and [2] circulating TT, FT, SHBG, E2 or E1 was assessed. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers. With one exception, studies included in a 2010 meta-analysis were included in the current analysis. A total of 41 studies were included in the analyses. TT and FT levels were measured in 1753 and 752 men, respectively; E2 and E1 levels were measured in 1000 and 239 men, respectively and SHBG was measured in 967 men. Regardless of the statistical model, no significant effects of soy protein or isoflavone intake on any of the outcomes measured were found. Sub-analysis of the data according to isoflavone dose and study duration also showed no effect. This updated and expanded meta-analysis indicates that regardless of dose and study duration, neither soy protein nor isoflavone exposure affects TT, FT, E2 or E1 levels in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine E Reed
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, ESA.3.11, Colchester Campus, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Juliana Camargo
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Dietetics & Nutrition, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 4013, Kansas City, KS, 66160, United States.
| | - Jill Hamilton-Reeves
- Kansas University Department of Urology and Department of Dietetics & Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 3016, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, 66160, United States.
| | - Mindy Kurzer
- Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, United States.
| | - Mark Messina
- Nutrition Matters, Inc. 26 Spadina Parkway, Pittsfield, MA, 01201, United States.
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13
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Palacios OM, Cortes HN, Jenks BH, Maki KC. Naturally occurring hormones in foods and potential health effects. TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2397847320936281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormones and hormone-like substances, for example, phytoestrogens, are food components that can be endogenously produced by a food source or occur secondary to farming practices. The hormone content of foods has been studied for decades, and safety evaluations in the United States and Europe indicate that naturally occurring hormones found in foods are safe for human consumption. More recent studies have focused on the role of certain hormones found in specific foods (e.g. dairy or soy) and their potential health effects. However, limited summaries exist on food content of hormones and hormone-like phytoestrogens in the context of a comprehensive US diet and implications, if any, of their daily consumption for overall health. This review provides an outline of hormone biosynthesis and functions in the body; discusses the more commonly studied, naturally occurring hormones in food and their biological role within food; estimates relative dietary contribution and when available, bioavailability, of naturally occurring food hormones; and summarizes the potential health associations of their intake in food. Based on the review of the scientific literature, the hormone content of typical serving sizes of commonly consumed foods is undetectable or in quantities that fall well within safety guidelines without any evidence for adverse effects on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya M Palacios
- Midwest Biomedical Research/Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Health, Addison, IL, USA
| | | | - Belinda H Jenks
- Belinda H. Jenks Consulting, Sunshine Terrace, Studio City, CA, USA
| | - Kevin C Maki
- Midwest Biomedical Research/Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Health, Addison, IL, USA
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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14
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Leroy F, Cofnas N. Should dietary guidelines recommend low red meat intake? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2763-2772. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1657063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Leroy
- Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium
| | - Nathan Cofnas
- Balliol College, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3BJ, UK
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15
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Kobayashi E, Nishijima C, Sato Y, Chiba T. [Evaluation of Safety Information of the Foods with Function Claims Based on Adverse Event Reports in Information System on Safety and Effectiveness for Health Foods Database]. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 2019; 60:119-125. [PMID: 31474653 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.60.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Foods with Function Claims are allowed to label health claims based on scientific evidence evaluated by the manufacturers. To prevent health problems caused by inadequate use, the manufacturers should label proper safety information. To evaluate whether safety information is sufficiently provided, we conducted the adverse event review focused on popular functional ingredients using the database; Information system on safety and effectiveness for health food. The data suggested that causal factor of adverse events related to products containing soy isoflavone, ginkgo biloba extract and docosahexaenoic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid were overdose intake, concomitant use with certain medicines, and use by whom with an allergic predisposition. However, the safety information on the label was insufficient to prevent adverse events on each products' label. It is important not only to encourage food manufacturers to provide sufficient information based on safety review, but also to inform consumers about adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuko Kobayashi
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Chiharu Nishijima
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Yoko Sato
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Tsuyoshi Chiba
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
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16
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Caceres S, Silván G, Illera MJ, Millan P, Moyano G, Illera JC. Effects of soya milk on reproductive hormones during puberty in male Wistar rats. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 54:855-863. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.13434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Caceres
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Gema Silván
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Maria J. Illera
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Pilar Millan
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Gabriel Moyano
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Juan C. Illera
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
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17
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Mark R, Huri HZ, Razack AHA. Demographic, clinical and lifestyle predictors for severity of erectile dysfunction and biomarkers level in Malaysian patients. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902018000317552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hasniza Zaman Huri
- University of Malaya, Malaysia; University Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia
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18
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Dick B, Reddy A, T. Gabrielson A, Hellstrom WJ. Organic and Psychogenic Causes of Sexual Dysfunction in Young Men. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/ijmr-040404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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19
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Defeudis G, Mazzilli R, Gianfrilli D, Lenzi A, Isidori AM. The CATCH checklist to investigate adult-onset hypogonadism. Andrology 2018; 6:665-679. [PMID: 29888533 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adult-onset hypogonadism is a syndrome often underdiagnosed, undertreated, or incompletely explored. There are various reasons for this: firstly, undefined age range of men in whom testosterone levels should be investigated and then no definitive serum cutoff point for the diagnosis of hypogonadism; and finally, variable and non-specific signs and symptoms; men and physicians do not pay adequate attention to sexual health. All these factors make the diagnostic criteria for hypogonadism controversial. The evaluation of the clinical features and causes of this syndrome, its link with age, the role of testosterone and other hormone levels, and the presence of any comorbidities are all useful factors in the investigation of this population. The purpose of this manuscript, after an accurate analysis of current literature, is to facilitate the diagnosis of hypogonadism in men through the use of the CATCH acronym and a checklist to offer a practical diagnostic tool for daily clinical practice. A narrative review of the relevant literature regarding the diagnosis of late-onset hypogonadism or adult-onset hypogonadism was performed. PubMed database was used to retrieve articles published on this topic. A useful new acronym CATCH (Clinical features [symptoms] and Causes, Age, Testosterone level, Comorbidities, and Hormones) and a practical checklist to facilitate the evaluation of hypogonadism in aging men were used. The evaluation of the clinical features and causes of hypogonadism, the link with age, the role of Testosterone and other hormones, and the evaluation of comorbidities are important in investigating adult-onset hypogonadism. The CATCH checklist could be helpful for clinicians for an early diagnosis of both hypogonadism and associated comorbidities. We suggest the use of this acronym to advocate the investigation of declining testosterone in aging men.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Defeudis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - R Mazzilli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - D Gianfrilli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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20
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Rizzo G, Baroni L. Soy, Soy Foods and Their Role in Vegetarian Diets. Nutrients 2018; 10:E43. [PMID: 29304010 PMCID: PMC5793271 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Soy is a basic food ingredient of traditional Asian cuisine used for thousands of years. In Western countries, soybeans have been introduced about a hundred years ago and recently they are mainly used for surrogate foods production. Soy and soy foods are common nutritional solutions for vegetarians, due to their high protein content and versatility in the production of meat analogues and milk substitutes. However, there are some doubts about the potential effects on health, such as the effectiveness on cardiovascular risk reduction or, conversely, on the possible disruption of thyroid function and sexual hormones. The soy components that have stimulated the most research interest are isoflavones, which are polyphenols with estrogenic properties highly contained in soybeans. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of soy and soy foods, focusing on their nutrient content, including phytoestrogens and other bioactive substances that are noteworthy for vegetarians, the largest soy consumers in the Western countries. The safety of use will also be discussed, given the growing trend in adoption of vegetarian styles and the new soy-based foods availability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana Baroni
- Primary Care Unit, Northern District, Local Health Unit 2, 31100 Treviso, Italy.
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21
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Nguyen HMT, Gabrielson AT, Hellstrom WJG. Erectile Dysfunction in Young Men-A Review of the Prevalence and Risk Factors. Sex Med Rev 2017. [PMID: 28642047 DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Erectile dysfunction (ED) is an important health concern that can significantly affect a man's psychosocial well-being. ED has traditionally been considered a disease of old age; however, contemporary evidence suggests a growing incidence of ED in men younger than 40 years. The process of achieving an erection is multifaceted; there are many potential mechanisms that can be disrupted. It is critical to identify the specific causes of ED before proceeding with potentially costly and invasive therapeutic options. Advances in diagnostic and treatment modalities offer opportunities to identify and manage young men with ED. AIM To provide an update on the prevalence and risk factors of ED in young men and to provide a framework to guide clinicians in identifying and managing the affected young man. METHODS Comprehensive review of the literature pertaining to ED in young men. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ED in young men was assessed by outlining the prevalence according to recent epidemiologic studies. The pathophysiology, diagnostic considerations, risk factors, and etiologies were reviewed. RESULTS Large multinational studies have estimated the prevalence of ED in young men to be as high as 30%. Several studies have stratified the etiologies of ED into psychogenic and organic causes. Psychogenic etiologies of ED include depression, anxiety, and partner-related difficulties. These patients tend to experience sudden onset of symptoms, with decreased libido and good quality of spontaneous or self-stimulated erections. Organic etiologies include vasculogenic, endocrinologic, neurogenic, iatrogenic, and structural components. These patients usually experience gradual onset of symptoms and a low to normal libido. Conservative treatments such as phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors continue to be the mainstay treatment. CONCLUSIONS ED in young men is an increasingly common condition. A careful diagnostic evaluation should focus on the identification of any underlying etiology to ensure appropriate management of patients. Nguyen HMT, Gabrielson AT, Hellstrom WJG. Erectile Dysfunction in Young Men-A Review of the Prevalence and Risk Factors. Sex Med Rev 2017;5:508-520.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew T Gabrielson
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Wayne J G Hellstrom
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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22
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Zaheer K, Humayoun Akhtar M. An updated review of dietary isoflavones: Nutrition, processing, bioavailability and impacts on human health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:1280-1293. [PMID: 26565435 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.989958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, and glycitein) are bioactive compounds with mildly estrogenic properties and often referred to as phytoestrogen. These are present in significant quantities (up to 4-5 mg·g-1 on dry basis) in legumes mainly soybeans, green beans, mung beans. In grains (raw materials) they are present mostly as glycosides, which are poorly absorbed on consumption. Thus, soybeans are processed into various food products for digestibility, taste and bioavailability of nutrients and bioactives. Main processing steps include steaming, cooking, roasting, microbial fermentation that destroy protease inhibitors and also cleaves the glycoside bond to yield absorbable aglycone in the processed soy products, such as miso, natto, soy milk, tofu; and increase shelf lives. Processed soy food products have been an integral part of regular diets in many Asia-Pacific countries for centuries, e.g. China, Japan and Korea. However, in the last two decades, there have been concerted efforts to introduce soy products in western diets for their health benefits with some success. Isoflavones were hailed as magical natural component that attribute to prevent some major prevailing health concerns. Consumption of soy products have been linked to reduction in incidence or severity of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular, breast and prostate cancers, menopausal symptoms, bone loss, etc. Overall, consuming moderate amounts of traditionally prepared and minimally processed soy foods may offer modest health benefits while minimizing potential for any adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Humayoun Akhtar
- b Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Guelph , Ontario , Canada
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23
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Messina M. Soy and Health Update: Evaluation of the Clinical and Epidemiologic Literature. Nutrients 2016; 8:E754. [PMID: 27886135 PMCID: PMC5188409 DOI: 10.3390/nu8120754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Soyfoods have long been recognized as sources of high-quality protein and healthful fat, but over the past 25 years these foods have been rigorously investigated for their role in chronic disease prevention and treatment. There is evidence, for example, that they reduce risk of coronary heart disease and breast and prostate cancer. In addition, soy alleviates hot flashes and may favorably affect renal function, alleviate depressive symptoms and improve skin health. Much of the focus on soyfoods is because they are uniquely-rich sources of isoflavones. Isoflavones are classified as both phytoestrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators. Despite the many proposed benefits, the presence of isoflavones has led to concerns that soy may exert untoward effects in some individuals. However, these concerns are based primarily on animal studies, whereas the human research supports the safety and benefits of soyfoods. In support of safety is the recent conclusion of the European Food Safety Authority that isoflavones do not adversely affect the breast, thyroid or uterus of postmenopausal women. This review covers each of the major research areas involving soy focusing primarily on the clinical and epidemiologic research. Background information on Asian soy intake, isoflavones, and nutrient content is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Messina
- Nutrition Matters, Inc., 26 Spadina Parkway, Pittsfield, MA 01201, USA.
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24
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Terrier JE, Isidori AM. How Food Intakes Modify Testosterone Level. J Sex Med 2016; 13:1292-1296. [PMID: 27555502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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25
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Di Lorenzo C, Ceschi A, Kupferschmidt H, Lüde S, De Souza Nascimento E, Dos Santos A, Colombo F, Frigerio G, Nørby K, Plumb J, Finglas P, Restani P. Adverse effects of plant food supplements and botanical preparations: a systematic review with critical evaluation of causality. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 79:578-92. [PMID: 25251944 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The objective of this review was to collect available data on the following: (i) adverse effects observed in humans from the intake of plant food supplements or botanical preparations; (ii) the misidentification of poisonous plants; and (iii) interactions between plant food supplements/botanicals and conventional drugs or nutrients. METHODS PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase were searched from database inception to June 2014, using the terms 'adverse effect/s', 'poisoning/s', 'plant food supplement/s', 'misidentification/s' and 'interaction/s' in combination with the relevant plant name. All papers were critically evaluated according to the World Health Organization Guidelines for causality assessment. RESULTS Data were obtained for 66 plants that are common ingredients of plant food supplements; of the 492 papers selected, 402 (81.7%) dealt with adverse effects directly associated with the botanical and 89 (18.1%) concerned interactions with conventional drugs. Only one case was associated with misidentification. Adverse effects were reported for 39 of the 66 botanical substances searched. Of the total references, 86.6% were associated with 14 plants, including Glycine max/soybean (19.3%), Glycyrrhiza glabra/liquorice (12.2%), Camellia sinensis/green tea ( 8.7%) and Ginkgo biloba/gingko (8.5%). CONCLUSIONS Considering the length of time examined and the number of plants included in the review, it is remarkable that: (i) the adverse effects due to botanical ingredients were relatively infrequent, if assessed for causality; and (ii) the number of severe clinical reactions was very limited, but some fatal cases have been described. Data presented in this review were assessed for quality in order to make the results maximally useful for clinicians in identifying or excluding deleterious effects of botanicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Di Lorenzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milano, Italy
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26
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Caceres S, Peña L, Moyano G, Martinez-Fernandez L, Monsalve B, Illera MJ, Millan P, Illera JC, Silvan G. Isoflavones and their effects on the onset of puberty in male Wistar rats. Andrologia 2015; 47:1139-46. [PMID: 25581096 DOI: 10.1111/and.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to determine how two of the most important isoflavones, genistein and daidzein, affect the gonadal axis in male prepuberal rats. One hundred and seventy-five prepuberal male Wistar rats were allocated into seven groups: one control group and six experimental groups that were orally administered a high or low dose of genistein, daidzein or a mixture of both. Testosterone determination was assayed by EIA. The testes and body weights were measured, and the histology of the epididymis with the sperm content and epididymal sperm count were evaluated. In the control group, we observed an increase in the serum testosterone levels (>2.5 ng ml(-1) ) at the third week (52 days), which corresponded to the onset of puberty in these rats. The same increase in serum testosterone levels was observed at the fourth week in rats that received low doses of isoflavones; therefore, we concluded that the onset of puberty was delayed. At high doses, there was no significant increase in testosterone levels, which could be related to the fact that these male rats did not reach puberty. These findings were supported by the results obtained from the analysis of the epididymal content as well as the testes/body weight ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Caceres
- Dpto. Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Peña
- Dpto. Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - G Moyano
- Dpto. Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Martinez-Fernandez
- Dpto. Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Monsalve
- Dpto. Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M J Illera
- Dpto. Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Millan
- Dpto. Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J C Illera
- Dpto. Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - G Silvan
- Dpto. Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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27
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Park S, Yang MJ, Ha SN, Lee JS. Effective Anti-aging Strategies in an Era of Super-aging. J Menopausal Med 2014; 20:85-9. [PMID: 25580418 PMCID: PMC4286659 DOI: 10.6118/jmm.2014.20.3.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The societies of the world in the 21st century have faced challenges arising from an aging population as the fertility rate has dropped dramatically and medical advances have extended the average human life span. The elderly aged 65 years or older make up at least 20% of the population in Korea, making the country a super-aging society as defined by the United Nations. The number of elderly women is higher than that of elderly men and women live longer than men. Based on the analysis of recent trends in previous studies, this study aimed to suggest practical strategies to utilize isoflavones, substances chemically similar to the female hormone estrogen, and to search for effective anti-aging strategies using this substance for women to be prepared to reach the elderly stage in good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saerom Park
- Department of Health and Functional Food, College of Medical Science, Korea
| | - Min-Ji Yang
- Department of Health and Functional Food, College of Medical Science, Korea
| | - So-Nyeong Ha
- Department of Health and Functional Food, College of Medical Science, Korea
| | - Jeong-Sang Lee
- Department of Health and Functional Food, College of Medical Science, Korea. ; Food Industry Research Institute, Korea. ; The Health and Science Research Institute, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Korea
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28
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Ludwig W, Phillips M. Organic causes of erectile dysfunction in men under 40. Urol Int 2013; 92:1-6. [PMID: 24281298 DOI: 10.1159/000354931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There are a significant number of men under 40 who experience erectile dysfunction (ED). In the past, the vast majority of cases were thought to be psychogenic in nature. Studies have identified organic etiologies in 15-72% of men with ED under 40. Organic etiologies include vascular, neurogenic, Peyronie's disease (PD), medication side effects and endocrinologic sources. Vascular causes are commonly due to focal arterial occlusive disease. Young men with multiple sclerosis, epilepsy and trauma in close proximity to the spinal cord are at increased risk of ED. It is estimated that 8% of men with PD are under 40, with 21% of these individuals experiencing ED. Medications causing ED include antidepressants, NSAIDs and finasteride (Propecia), antiepileptics and neuroleptics. Hormonal sources are uncommon in the young population, however possible etiologies include Klinefelter's syndrome, congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and acquired hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. The workup of young men with ED should include a thorough history and physical examination. The significant prevalence of vascular etiologies of ED in young men should prompt consideration of nocturnal penile tumescence testing and penile Doppler ultrasound. Treatment options that may improve ED include exercise and oral PDE-5 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Ludwig
- Department of Urology, Center for Sexual Health, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA
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Prostate cancer chemoprevention in men of African descent: current state of the art and opportunities for future research. Cancer Causes Control 2013; 24:1465-80. [PMID: 23737026 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-013-0241-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in men. However, African American/Black men are 60 % more likely to be diagnosed with and 2.4 times more likely to die from prostate cancer, compared to Non-Hispanic White men. Despite the increased burden of this malignancy, no evidence-based recommendation regarding prostate cancer screening exists for the high-risk population. Moreover, in addition to screening and detection, African American men may constitute a prime population for chemoprevention. Early detection and chemoprevention may thus represent an integral part of prostate cancer control in this population. Importantly, recent research has elucidated biological differences in the prostate tumors of African American compared to European American men. The latter may enable a more favorable response in African American men to specific chemopreventive agents that target relevant signal transduction pathways. Based on this evolving evidence, the aims of this review are threefold. First, we aim to summarize the biological differences that were reported in the prostate tumors of African American and European American men. Second, we will review the single- and multi-target chemopreventive agents placing specific emphasis on the pathways implicated in prostate carcinogenesis. And lastly, we will discuss the most promising nutraceutical chemopreventive compounds. Our review underscores the promise of chemoprevention in prostate cancer control, as well as provides justification for further investment in this filed to ultimately reduce prostate cancer morbidity and mortality in this high-risk population of African American men.
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Wocławek-Potocka I, Mannelli C, Boruszewska D, Kowalczyk-Zieba I, Waśniewski T, Skarżyński DJ. Diverse effects of phytoestrogens on the reproductive performance: cow as a model. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013:650984. [PMID: 23710176 PMCID: PMC3655573 DOI: 10.1155/2013/650984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens, polyphenolic compounds derived from plants, are more and more common constituents of human and animal diets. In most of the cases, these chemicals are much less potent than endogenous estrogens but exert their biological effects via similar mechanisms of action. The most common source of phytoestrogen exposure to humans as well as ruminants is soybean-derived foods that are rich in the isoflavones genistein and daidzein being metabolized in the digestive tract to even more potent metabolites-para-ethyl-phenol and equol. Phytoestrogens have recently come into considerable interest due to the increasing information on their adverse effects in human and animal reproduction, increasing the number of people substituting animal proteins with plant-derived proteins. Finally, the soybean becomes the main source of protein in animal fodder because of an absolute prohibition of bone meal use for animal feeding in 1995 in Europe. The review describes how exposure of soybean-derived phytoestrogens can have adverse effects on reproductive performance in female adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Wocławek-Potocka
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Street, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Chiara Mannelli
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Street, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland
- Department of Life Sciences, Doctoral School in Life Sciences, University of Siena, Miniato via A. Moro 2 St., 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Dorota Boruszewska
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Street, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ilona Kowalczyk-Zieba
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Street, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Tomasz Waśniewski
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Masuria, Zolnierska 14 C St., 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dariusz J. Skarżyński
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Street, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland
- *Dariusz J. Skarżyński:
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