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Li A, Han X, Liu L, Zhang G, Du P, Zhang C, Li C, Chen B. Dairy products and constituents: a review of their effects on obesity and related metabolic diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37724572 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2257782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has become a global public health problem that seriously affects the quality of life. As an important part of human diet, dairy products contain a large number of nutrients that are essential for maintaining human health, such as proteins, peptides, lipids, vitamins, and minerals. A growing number of epidemiological investigations provide strong evidence on dairy interventions for weight loss in overweight/obese populations. Therefore, this paper outlines the relationship between the consumption of different dairy products and obesity and related metabolic diseases. In addition, we dive into the mechanisms related to the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism by functional components in dairy products and the interaction with gut microbes. Lastly, the role of dairy products on obesity of children and adolescents is revisited. We conclude that whole dairy products exert more beneficial effect than single milk constituent on alleviating obesity and that dairy matrix has important implications for metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xueting Han
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Libo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Guofang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Du
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chun Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Green Food Research Institute, Harbin, China
| | - Bingcan Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
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Effects of Dietary Protein Source and Quantity on Bone Morphology and Body Composition Following a High-Protein Weight-Loss Diet in a Rat Model for Postmenopausal Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112262. [PMID: 35684064 PMCID: PMC9183012 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher protein (>30% of total energy, HP)-energy restriction (HP-ER) diets are an effective means to improve body composition and metabolic health. However, weight loss (WL) is associated with bone loss, and the impact of HP-ER diets on bone is mixed and controversial. Recent evidence suggests conflicting outcomes may stem from differences in age, hormonal status, and the predominant source of dietary protein consumed. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of four 12-week energy restriction (ER) diets varying in predominate protein source (beef, milk, soy, casein) and protein quantity (normal protein, NP 15% vs. high, 35%) on bone and body composition outcomes in 32-week-old obese, ovariectomized female rats. Overall, ER decreased body weight, bone quantity (aBMD, aBMC), bone microarchitecture, and body composition parameters. WL was greater with the NP vs. HP-beef and HP-soy diets, and muscle area decreased only with the NP diet. The HP-beef diet exacerbated WL-induced bone loss (increased trabecular separation and endocortical bone formation rates, lower bone retention and trabecular BMC, and more rod-like trabeculae) compared to the HP-soy diet. The HP-milk diet did not augment WL-induced bone loss. Results suggest that specific protein source recommendations may be needed to attenuate the adverse alterations in bone quality following an HP-ER diet in a model of postmenopausal obesity.
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Jensen VFH, Mølck AM, Dalgaard M, McGuigan FE, Akesson KE. Changes in bone mass associated with obesity and weight loss in humans: Applicability of animal models. Bone 2021; 145:115781. [PMID: 33285255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The implications of obesity and weight loss for human bone health are not well understood. Although the bone changes associated with weight loss are similar in humans and rodents, that is not the case for obesity. In humans, obesity is generally associated with increased bone mass, an outcome which is exacerbated by advanced age and menopause. In rodents, by contrast, bone mass decreases in proportion to severity and duration of obesity, and is influenced by sex, age and mechanical load. Despite these discrepancies, rodents are frequently used to model the situation in humans. In this review, we summarise the existing knowledge of the effects of obesity and weight loss on bone mass in humans and rodents, focusing on the translatability of findings from animal models. We then describe how animal models should be used to broaden the understanding of the relationship between obesity, weight loss, and skeletal health in humans. Specifically, we highlight the aspects of study design that should be considered to optimise translatability of the rodent models of obesity and weight loss. Notably, the sex, age, and nutritional status of the animals should ideally match those of interest in humans. With these caveats in mind, and depending on the research question asked, our review underscores that animal models can provide valuable information for obesity and weight-management research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivi F H Jensen
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö and Skåne University Hospital, Department of Orthopedics, Inga Marie Nilssons Gata 22, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Anne-Marie Mølck
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Department of Safety Sciences, Imaging & Data Management, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Majken Dalgaard
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Department of Safety Sciences, Imaging & Data Management, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Fiona E McGuigan
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö and Skåne University Hospital, Department of Orthopedics, Inga Marie Nilssons Gata 22, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kristina E Akesson
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö and Skåne University Hospital, Department of Orthopedics, Inga Marie Nilssons Gata 22, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
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Burrow K, Young W, Hammer N, Safavi S, Scholze M, McConnell M, Carne A, Barr D, Reid M, Bekhit AED. The Effect of the Supplementation of a Diet Low in Calcium and Phosphorus with Either Sheep Milk or Cow Milk on the Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Bone using A Rat Model. Foods 2020; 9:E1070. [PMID: 32784633 PMCID: PMC7466322 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the effect of cow milk (CM) and sheep milk (SM) consumption on the micro-structure, mechanical function, and mineral composition of rat femora in a male weanling rat model. Male weanling rats were fed a basal diet with a 50% reduction in calcium and phosphorus content (low Ca/P-diet) supplemented with either SM or CM. Rats were fed for 28 days, after which the femora were harvested and stored. The femora were analyzed by μ-CT, three-point bending, and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The addition of either milk to the low Ca/P-diet significantly increased (p < 0.05) trabecular bone volume, trabecular bone surface density, trabecular number, cortical bone volume, and maximum force, when compared to rats that consumed only the low Ca/P-diet. The consumption of either milk resulted in a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in trabecular pattern factor, and cortical bone surface to volume ratio when compared to rats that consumed only the low Ca/P-diet. The results were achieved with a lower consumption of SM compared to that of CM (p < 0.05). This work indicates that SM and CM can help overcome the effects on bone of a restriction in calcium and phosphorus intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keegan Burrow
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
| | - Wayne Young
- AgResearch Ltd, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Manawatu Mail Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Niels Hammer
- Department of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Fraunhofer IWU, Nöthnitzer Straße 44, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sarah Safavi
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
| | - Mario Scholze
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemnitz University of Technology, Straße der Nationen, 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany;
| | - Michelle McConnell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
| | - Alan Carne
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
| | - David Barr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (D.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Malcolm Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (D.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Alaa El-Din Bekhit
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Burrow K, Young W, Carne A, McConnell M, Hammer N, Scholze M, Bekhit AED. Consumption of sheep milk compared to cow milk can affect trabecular bone ultrastructure in a rat model. Food Funct 2019; 10:163-171. [PMID: 30516196 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01598h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cow milk has a positive effect on bone health due to the effects of its protein, fat, lipid, vitamin, and mineral components. Sheep milk contains a unique composition of all of these components. However, to the best of our knowledge the benefits of sheep milk in relation to bone development have not been studied. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of the consumption of sheep milk in comparison to cow milk on the structural and physical characteristics of growing bone in a rat model. Newly weaned male rats were fed either cow milk, sheep milk or sheep milk diluted to the same total solids content as cow milk for 28 days in addition to a basal chow. At the end of the feeding period animals were euthanized, the femora harvested and stored. The femora were analysed by μ-CT, mechanical bending tests, and ICP-MS. Rats consuming sheep milk in the trial were found to have significantly higher trabecular bone surface density and trabecular bone surface to volume ratio (p < 0.05) when compared to the rats consuming cow milk. No significant differences were observed in the mechanical properties and the mineral composition of the bones (p > 0.05). With the exception of Rb, which was found to be present in higher concentrations in rats consuming sheep milk (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that consumption of sheep milk may positively influence the structural integrity of bone, which may result in an enhancement of bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keegan Burrow
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
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Muszyński S, Tomaszewska E, Dobrowolski P, Kwiecień M, Wiącek D, Świetlicka I, Skibińska M, Szymańska-Chargot M, Orzeł J, Świetlicki M, Arczewska M, Szymanek M, Zhyla M, Hułas-Stasiak M, Rudyk H, Tomczyk-Warunek A. Analysis of bone osteometry, mineralization, mechanical and histomorphometrical properties of tibiotarsus in broiler chickens demonstrates a influence of dietary chickpea seeds (Cicer arietinum L.) inclusion as a primary protein source. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208921. [PMID: 30533027 PMCID: PMC6289425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was focused on analyzing the effects of dietary inclusion of raw chickpea seed as a replacement of soybean meal as a primary protein source on bone structure in broiler chickens. Broiler chickens (n = 160) received in their diet either soybean meal (SBM) or raw chickpea seeds (CPS) as a primary protein source throughout the whole rearing period (n = 80 in each group). On the 42th day randomly selected chickens from each group (n = 8) were slaughtered. Collected tibiotarsus were subjected to examination of the biomechanical characteristics of bone mid-diaphysis, microstructure of the growth plate and articular cartilages; the analysis of mineral content and crystallinity of mineral phase, and the measurements of thermal stability of collagen in hyaline cartilage were also carried out. The inclusion of chickpea seeds resulted in increase of bone osteometric parameters (weight, length and mid-diaphysis cross-sectional area) and mechanical endurance (yield load, ultimate load, stiffness, Young modulus). However, when loads were adjusted to bone shape (yield and ultimate stress) both groups did not differ. Mineral density determined by means of densitometric measurements did not differ between groups, however the detailed analysis revealed the differences in the macro- and microelements composition. The results of FT-IR and XRD analyses showed no effect of diet type on mineral phase crystallinity and hydroxyapatite nanocrystallites size. In trabecular bone, the increase of real bone volume (BV/TV) and number of trabeculae was observed in the CPS group. Total thickness of articular cartilage was the same in both groups, save the transitional zone, which was thicker in the SBM group. The total thickness of the growth plate cartilage was significantly increased in the CPS group. The area of the most intense presence of proteoglycans was wider in the SBM group. The structural analysis of fibrous components of bone revealed the increase of fraction of thin, immature collagen content in articular cartilage, trabeculae and compact bone in the CPS group. The dietary inclusion of CPS affected the thermal stability of collagen, as decrease of net denaturation enthalpy was observed. This study showed a beneficial effect of CPS on the skeletal development, improving the overall bone development and the microarchitecture of cancellous bone. It suggests that CPS can be a promising replacement for SBM in broilers feeding in the aspect of animal welfare related to the development of the skeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siemowit Muszyński
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
- * E-mail: (SM); (ET)
| | - Ewa Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- * E-mail: (SM); (ET)
| | - Piotr Dobrowolski
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kwiecień
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromathology, Faculty of Biology, Animal Science and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Wiącek
- Bohdan Dobrzański Institute of Agrophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Izabela Świetlicka
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Skibińska
- Department of Crystallography, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Jolanta Orzeł
- Department of Radiochemistry and Colloid Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Świetlicki
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Arczewska
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Szymanek
- Department of Agricultural, Horticultural and Forest Machinery, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mykola Zhyla
- Laboratory of Clinical Biological Research, State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medicinal Products and Feed Additives, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Monika Hułas-Stasiak
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Halyna Rudyk
- Laboratory of Clinical Biological Research, State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medicinal Products and Feed Additives, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Agnieszka Tomczyk-Warunek
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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BMI and BMD: The Potential Interplay between Obesity and Bone Fragility. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13060544. [PMID: 27240395 PMCID: PMC4924001 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13060544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence demonstrating an increased fracture risk among obese individuals suggests that adipose tissue may negatively impact bone health, challenging the traditional paradigm of fat mass playing a protective role towards bone health. White adipose tissue, far from being a mere energy depot, is a dynamic tissue actively implicated in metabolic reactions, and in fact secretes several hormones called adipokines and inflammatory factors that may in turn promote bone resorption. More specifically, Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT) may potentially prove detrimental. It is widely acknowledged that obesity is positively associated to many chronic disorders such as metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes, conditions that could themselves affect bone health. Although aging is largely known to decrease bone strength, little is yet known on the mechanisms via which obesity and its comorbidities may contribute to such damage. Given the exponentially growing obesity rate in recent years and the increased life expectancy of western countries it appears of utmost importance to timely focus on this topic.
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Macedo AP, Shimano RC, Ferrari DT, Issa JPM, Jordão AA, Shimano AC. Influence of treadmill training on bone structure under osteometabolic alteration in rats subjected to high-fat diet. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2016; 27:167-176. [PMID: 26923426 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition and physical training have important roles in the accumulation and maintenance of bone mass. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in ovariectomized rats (OVX), the effects of treadmill training (T) with high-fat diet (F) on weight gain and bone tissue properties with eight groups (n = 10) for 12 weeks: OVX SC (OVX, sedentary lifestyle, diet control); OVX SF; OVX TC; OVX TF; SH SC (SHAM, sedentary lifestyle, diet control); SH SF; SH TC; and SH TF. Weekly weight gain and final body composition were assessed. After euthanasia, tibiae were analyzed. The trained animals had higher body weight (P = 0.001), bone mineral density (P < 0.001), and trabecular bone (P < 0.001). The animals with a high-fat diet showed higher global fat (P < 0.001), percentage of global fat (P < 0.001) and deformation at impact (P = 0.031) and reduced tibial bone mineral content (P = 0.036). Physical training improves bone microarchitecture, without presenting an increase in impact resistance, and a high-fat diet increases body fat and impairs bone mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Macedo
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor System, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R C Shimano
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor System, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D T Ferrari
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor System, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J P M Issa
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A A Jordão
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A C Shimano
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor System, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Oh TW, Igawa S, Naka T. Effects of skim milk powder intake and treadmill training exercise on renal, bone and metabolic parameters in aged obese rats. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2015; 19:247-54. [PMID: 26525333 PMCID: PMC4624126 DOI: 10.5717/jenb.2015.15090711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE we aim to examine whether adding exercise has impact on obesity prevention and bone metabolism in senior rats, to which dietary obesity was induced through skim milk intake. METHODS We used 47, 14-week old Sprague -Dawley (SD) female rats (CLEA Japan, Inc.). The Rats were separated into four random groups: 1) a Non-Ex group with a normal diet (n = 12), 2) an Ex group with a normal diet (n = 12), 3) a Non-Ex group with a skim milk diet (n = 11), and 4) an Ex group with a skim milk diet (n = 12). As the exercise for each Ex group, rats ran on a treadmill starting at 27-week old (TREADMILL CONTROL LE8710 and TREADMILL CONTROL LE8700, Harvard Bioscience). Training protocol stipulated a frequency of five times a week for 12 weeks. RESULTS The leptin concentration differed with dietary content: compared to the Ex group with a skim milk diet, Non-Ex and Ex groups with a normal diet showed significantly higher values (p < 0.05). The Ex group had significantly lower values in both the normal diet and skim milk diet groups with or without exercise (p < 0.05). Compared to the Non-Ex group with a normal diet, BS/BV (mm(2)/mm(3)), BV/TV (%), Tb.Th (μm), TBPf (/mm) and Tb.N (/mm) had significantly lower in the Ex group, the Ex and Non-Ex groups with a whey protein diet, and the Ex group with a skim milk protein diet (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that senior female rats fed SMP would have higher bone structural and strength parameters than rats fed a normal diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Woong Oh
- Graduate School of Health Science, Matsumoto University, Nagano,
Japan
| | - Shoji Igawa
- Department of Sports Nutrition, Nippon Sport Science University, Kanagawa,
Japan
| | - Tatsuki Naka
- Faculty of Wellness, Shigakkan University, Aichi,
Japan
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10
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Milk basic protein supplementation enhances fracture healing in mice. Nutrition 2015; 31:399-405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Jobara K, Kaido T, Hori T, Iwaisako K, Endo K, Uchida Y, Uemoto S. Whey-hydrolyzed peptide-enriched immunomodulating diet prevents progression of liver cirrhosis in rats. Nutrition 2014; 30:1195-207. [PMID: 24976428 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Liver fibrosis and subsequent cirrhosis is a major cause of death worldwide, but few effective antifibrotic therapies are reported. Whey-hydrolyzed peptide (WHP), a major peptide component of bovine milk, exerts anti-inflammatory effects in experimental models. A WHP-enriched diet is widely used for immunomodulating diets (IMD) in clinical fields. However, the effects of WHP on liver fibrosis remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the antifibrotic effects of WHP in a rat cirrhosis model. METHODS Progressive liver fibrosis was induced by repeated intraperitoneal administration of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) for 3 wk. Rats were fed either a WHP-enriched IMD (WHP group) or a control enteral diet (control group). The degree of liver fibrosis was compared between groups. Hepatocyte-protective effects were examined using hepatocytes isolated from rats fed a WHP diet. Reactive oxygen species and glutathione in liver tissue were investigated in the DMN cirrhosis model. RESULTS Macroscopic and microscopic progression of liver fibrosis was remarkably suppressed in the WHP group. Elevated serum levels of liver enzymes and hyaluronic acid, and liver tissue hydroxyproline content were significantly attenuated in the WHP group. Necrotic hepatocyte rates with DMN challenge, isolated from rats fed a WHP-enriched IMD, were significantly lower. In the DMN cirrhosis model, reactive oxygen species were significantly lower, and glutathione was significantly higher in the WHP group's whole liver tissue. CONCLUSION A WHP-enriched IMD effectively prevented progression of DMN-induced liver fibrosis in rats via a direct hepatocyte-protective effect and an antioxidant effect through glutathione synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanta Jobara
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshimi Kaido
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Tomohide Hori
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiko Iwaisako
- Department of Target Therapy Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kosuke Endo
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Uchida
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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