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O’Keeffe M, Oterhals Å, Vikøren LAS, Drotningsvik A, Mellgren G, Halstensen A, Gudbrandsen OA. Dietary fish intake increased the concentration of soluble ACE2 in rats: can fish consumption reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection through interception of SARS-CoV-2 by soluble ACE2? Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1712-1719. [PMID: 36946006 PMCID: PMC10587383 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523000776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters the cells after binding to the membrane-bound receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), but this may be prevented through interception by soluble ACE2 (sACE2) or by inhibition of the ACE2 receptor, thus obstructing cell entry and replication. The main objective of this study was to investigate if fish intake affected the concentration of sACE2 in rats. The secondary aim was to evaluate the in vitro ACE2-inhibiting activity of fish proteins. Rats were fed cod muscle as 25 % of dietary protein, and blood was collected after 4 weeks of intervention. Muscle, backbone, skin, head, stomach, stomach content, intestine and swim bladder from haddock, saithe, cod and redfish were hydrolysed with trypsin before ACE2-inhibiting activity was measured in vitro. In vivo data were compared using unpaired Student's t test, and in vitro data were compared using one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey HSD post hoc test. The mean sACE2 concentration was 47 % higher in rats fed cod when compared with control rats (P 0·034), whereas serum concentrations of angiotensin II and TNF-α were similar between the two experimental groups. Muscle, backbone, skin and head from all four fish species inhibited ACE2 activity in vitro, whereas the remaining fractions had no effect. To conclude, our novel data demonstrate that fish intake increased the sACE2 concentration in rats and that the hydrolysed fish proteins inhibited ACE2 activity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria O’Keeffe
- Dietary Protein Research Group, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen5021, Norway
| | | | - Linn Anja Slåke Vikøren
- Dietary Protein Research Group, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen5021, Norway
| | - Aslaug Drotningsvik
- Dietary Protein Research Group, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen5021, Norway
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen5021, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen5021, Norway
| | - Alfred Halstensen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- K. Halstensen AS, P.O. Box 103, Bekkjarvik5399, Norway
| | - Oddrun Anita Gudbrandsen
- Dietary Protein Research Group, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen5021, Norway
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Protas VV, Pogossyan GP, Li KG, Zhumina AG, Bisseneva AK, Shaikina DN. Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level and VDR Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs2228570 Influence on COVID-19 Susceptibility among the Kazakh Ethnic Group-A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:1781. [PMID: 37049620 PMCID: PMC10097393 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Low plasma levels of the vitamin D metabolite 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with the body's susceptibility to infectious diseases, including COVID-19. In this pilot retrospective study, representatives of the Kazakh population (central Kazakhstan) were divided into groups based on the test for IgM and IgG for coronavirus infection. We compared the 25(OH)D plasma levels and concluded that the COVID-19-positive group values (25.17 ng/mL ± 16.65) were statistically lower (p = 0.0114) compared to the COVID-19-negative ones (35.58 ng/mL ± 20.67). There was no association between age, gender and 25(OH)D concentration within the groups (p > 0.05). The genotyping of rs2228570 was performed using a TaqMan Real-Time PCR assay. Allele C predominated among the COVID-19-negative participants and significantly reduced the likelihood of coronavirus infection (p < 0.0001; OR = 0.0804; 95% CI 0.02357-0.2798). There were no statistically significant differences in the frequencies of the A, G and T alleles in the studied groups (p > 0.05). The GG genotype of rs2228570 was associated with a 4.131-fold increased likelihood of COVID-19 infection (p = 0.0288; χ2 = 5.364; OR = 4.131; 95% CI 1.223-13.71). Comprehensive studies are required to determine whether low 25(OH)D plasma concentrations and genetic background represent a risk factor for COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya V. Protas
- Department of Botany, Karaganda Buketov University, Karaganda 100028, Kazakhstan
| | - Gayane P. Pogossyan
- Department of Botany, Karaganda Buketov University, Karaganda 100028, Kazakhstan
| | - Konstantin G. Li
- Biotechnology and Eco-Monitoring Research Park, Karaganda Buketov University, Karaganda 100028, Kazakhstan
| | - Assel G. Zhumina
- Department of Botany, Karaganda Buketov University, Karaganda 100028, Kazakhstan
| | - Anar K. Bisseneva
- Department of Botany, Karaganda Buketov University, Karaganda 100028, Kazakhstan
| | - Dinara N. Shaikina
- Department of Biology, Non-Profit Limited Company “Manash Kozybayev North Kazakhstan University”, Petropavlovsk 150000, Kazakhstan
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Monroe-Lord L, Harrison E, Ardakani A, Duan X, Spechler L, Jeffery TD, Jackson P. Changes in Food Consumption Trends among American Adults since the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients 2023; 15:1769. [PMID: 37049609 PMCID: PMC10096875 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality and quantity of food consumption have changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we examined how the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the consumption of different food groups in order to close the research gap by providing current evidence that reflects a later stage of the pandemic compared to other circulating research conducted at earlier stages. Data collection for this cross-sectional study was performed via an online Qualtrics survey from 10,050 adults aged 40-100 years. Nutritional status was measured using the 24-item short-form Dietary Screening Tool (DST) twice: before and since the COVID-19 pandemic. The DST questions were categorized based on MyPlate items, along with fat, sugar, and sweet items, as well as nutritional supplement intake. In addition, the total DST score was calculated for each participant, which categorized them into one of three groups: "at risk", "possible risk", and "not at risk". The results revealed that the consumption of grains, fruit, lean protein, and dairy decreased significantly, while the consumption of fat, sugar, and sweet items increased significantly due to COVID-19. The biggest decreases in consumption of food subcategories were related to whole grain bread and cereal, followed by fruit as a snack, in comparison with other types of grain and fruit. No changes in the consumption of vegetables, processed meat, or supplement intake were seen. The total DST score showed that, before and since COVID-19, the overall nutrition status of adult Americans has been at risk. In addition, of those participants who were not at risk before COVID-19, 28.5% were either at risk or at possible risk since COVID-19; moreover, of those participants who were at possible risk before COVID-19, 21% were at risk since COVID-19. As a good nutritional status can reduce the risk of severe illness or even mortality rate in times of crisis, the findings of this study can help policymakers and health educators to develop heath-protecting behavior sessions against future pandemics to manage crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillie Monroe-Lord
- College of Agriculture, Urban Sustainability and Environmental Sciences, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC 20008, USA
| | | | - Azam Ardakani
- College of Agriculture, Urban Sustainability and Environmental Sciences, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC 20008, USA
| | - Xuejling Duan
- Data Analytics, McDaniel College, 2 College Hill, Westminster, MD 21157, USA
| | - Lily Spechler
- College of Agriculture, Urban Sustainability and Environmental Sciences, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC 20008, USA
| | - Tia D. Jeffery
- College of Agriculture, Urban Sustainability and Environmental Sciences, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC 20008, USA
| | - Phronie Jackson
- College of Agriculture, Urban Sustainability and Environmental Sciences, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC 20008, USA
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Zaazouee MS, Eleisawy M, Abdalalaziz AM, Elhady MM, Ali OA, Abdelbari TM, Hasan SM, Almadhoon HW, Ahmed AY, Fassad AS, Elgendy R, Abdel-Baset EA, Elsayed HA, Elsnhory AB, Abdraboh AB, Faragalla HM, Elshanbary AA, Kensara OA, Abdel-Daim MM. Hospital and laboratory outcomes of patients with COVID-19 who received vitamin D supplementation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:607-620. [PMID: 36508011 PMCID: PMC9743115 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02360-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a wide-ranging spectrum of clinical symptoms, from asymptomatic/mild to severe. Recent research indicates that, among several factors, a low vitamin D level is a modifiable risk factor for COVID-19 patients. This study aims to evaluate the effect of vitamin D on hospital and laboratory outcomes of patients with COVID-19.Five databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) and clinicaltrials.gov were searched until July 2022, using relevant keywords/Mesh terms. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that addressed the topic were included. The Cochrane tool was used to assess the studies' risk of bias, and the data were analyzed using the review manager (RevMan 5.4).We included nine RCTs with 1586 confirmed COVID-19 patients. Vitamin D group showed a significant reduction of intensive care unit (ICU) admission (risk ratio = 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.41, 0.84], P = 0.003), and higher change in vitamin D level (standardized mean difference = 2.27, 95% CI [2.08, 2.47], P < 0.00001) compared to the control group. Other studied hospital and laboratory outcomes showed non-significant difference between vitamin D and the control group (P ≥ 0.05).In conclusion, vitamin D reduced the risk of ICU admission and showed superiority in changing vitamin D level compared to the control group. However, other outcomes showed no difference between the two groups. More RCTs are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Omar Adel Ali
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Hossam Waleed Almadhoon
- Institute of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Rewan Elgendy
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Osama A Kensara
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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5
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Gholamalizadeh M, Rabbani F, Ahmadzadeh M, Hajipour A, Musavi H, Mobarakeh KA, Salimi Z, Bahar B, Mahmoodi Z, Gholami S, Mirzaei Dahka S, Doaei S, Akbari ME. The association between vitamin D intake with inflammatory and biochemical indices and mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19: A case-control study. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e844. [PMID: 37102656 PMCID: PMC10132183 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has become a worldwide health issue with widespread hospitalization and dependence on the intensive care unit (ICU). Vitamin D has a key role in modulating immune cells and modulating the inflammatory responses. This study aimed to investigate the association of vitamin D supplementation with inflammatory, biochemical, and mortality indices in critically ill patients with COVID-19. METHODS This case-control study was conducted on critically ill COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the ICU including the survived >30 day patients as the case group and dead patients as the control group. The status of vitamin D supplementation and inflammatory and biochemical indices of the patients were retrieved from the medical records. Logistic regression method was used to assess the association between 30 days survival and vitamin D supplement intake. RESULTS Compared to the group of COVID-19 patients who died in <30 day, the survived patients had a lower eosinophile level (2.2 ± 0.5 vs. 6 ± 0.0, p < .001) and higher vitamin D supplementation duration (9 ± 4.4 vs. 3.3 ± 1.9 day, p = .001). Vitamin D supplementation had a positive association with survival in COVID-19 patients (OR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.15-3.40, p < .05). The association remained significant after adjustments fot age, sex, underlying diseases, and smoking. CONCLUSION Vitamin D supplementation in critically ill patients with COVID-19 has the potential to increase survivability within the first 30 days of hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faezeh Rabbani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research CenterShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
| | - Mina Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition and Food TechnologyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Azadeh Hajipour
- School of HealthQazvin University of Medical SciencesQazvinIran
| | | | - Khadijeh Abbasi Mobarakeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food ScienceIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Zahra Salimi
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research CenterAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Bojlul Bahar
- Nutrition Sciences and Applied Food Safety Studies, Research Centre for Global Development, School of Sport & Health SciencesUniversity of Central LancashirePrestonUK
| | - Zahra Mahmoodi
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Somayeh Gholami
- Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
| | | | - Saeid Doaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food TechnologyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Al-Gharrawi ANR, Anvari E, Fateh A. Association of ApaI rs7975232 and BsmI rs1544410 in clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients according to different SARS-CoV-2 variants. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3612. [PMID: 36869206 PMCID: PMC9983525 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30859-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of research has shown how important vitamin D is in the prognosis of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). The vitamin D receptor is necessary for vitamin D to perform its effects, and its polymorphisms can help in this regard. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate whether the association of ApaI rs7975232 and BsmI rs1544410 polymorphisms in different severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants were influential in the outcomes of COVID-19. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method was utilized to determine the different genotypes of ApaI rs7975232 and BsmI rs1544410 in 1734 and 1450 patients who had recovered and deceased, respectively. Our finding revealed that the ApaI rs7975232 AA genotype in the Delta and Omicron BA.5 and the CA genotype in the Delta and Alpha variants were associated with higher mortality rate. Also, the BsmI rs1544410 GG genotype in the Delta and Omicron BA.5 and the GA genotype in the Delta and Alpha variants were related to a higher mortality rate. The A-G haplotype was linked with COVID-19 mortality in both the Alpha and Delta variants. The A-A haplotype for the Omicron BA.5 variants was statistically significant. In conclusion, our research revealed a connection between SARS-CoV-2 variants and the impacts of ApaI rs7975232 and BsmI rs1544410 polymorphisms. However, more research is still needed to substantiate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enayat Anvari
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Iran.
| | - Abolfazl Fateh
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Abroug H, Maatouk A, Bennasrallah C, Dhouib W, Ben Fredj M, Zemni I, Kacem M, Mhalla S, Nouira S, Ben Belgacem M, Nasri A, Klii R, Loussaief C, Ben Alya N, Bouanene I, Belguith Sriha A. Effect of vitamin D supplementation versus placebo on recovery delay among COVID-19 Tunisian patients: a randomized-controlled clinical trial. Trials 2023; 24:123. [PMID: 36803273 PMCID: PMC9940050 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study aimed to determine the impact of vitamin D supplementation (VDs) on recovery delay among COVID-19 patients. METHODS We performed a randomized controlled clinical trial at the national COVID-19 containment center in Monastir (Tunisia), from May to August 2020. Simple randomization was done in a 1:1 allocation ratio. We included patients aged more than 18 years who had confirmed reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and who remained positive on the 14th day. The intervention group received VDs (200,000 IU/1 ml of cholecalciferol); the control group received a placebo treatment (physiological saline (1 ml)). We measured the recovery delay and the cycle threshold (Ct) values in RT-PCR for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The log-rank test and hazard ratios (HR) were calculated. RESULTS A total of 117 patients were enrolled. The mean age was 42.7 years (SD 14). Males represented 55.6%. The median duration of viral RNA conversion was 37 days (95% confidence interval (CI): 29-45.50) in the intervention group and 28 days (95% CI: 23-39) in the placebo group (p=0.010). HR was 1.58 (95% CI: 1.09-2.29, p=0.015). Ct values revealed a stable trend over time in both groups. CONCLUSION VDs was not associated with a shortened recovery delay when given to patients for whom the RT-PCR remained positive on the 14th day. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was approved by the Human Subjects Protection Tunisia center (TN2020-NAT-INS-40) on April 28, 2020, and by ClinicalTrial.gov on May 12, 2021 with approval number ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04883203 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Hela Abroug
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia. .,Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia. .,Research LaboratoryTechnology and Medical Imaging - LTIM - LR12ES06, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Amani Maatouk
- grid.420157.5Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Cyrine Bennasrallah
- grid.420157.5Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Dhouib
- grid.420157.5Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Manel Ben Fredj
- grid.420157.5Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia ,grid.411838.70000 0004 0593 5040Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia ,grid.411838.70000 0004 0593 5040Research LaboratoryTechnology and Medical Imaging - LTIM - LR12ES06, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Imen Zemni
- grid.420157.5Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia ,grid.411838.70000 0004 0593 5040Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia ,grid.411838.70000 0004 0593 5040Research LaboratoryTechnology and Medical Imaging - LTIM - LR12ES06, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Meriem Kacem
- grid.420157.5Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia ,grid.411838.70000 0004 0593 5040Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Salma Mhalla
- grid.411838.70000 0004 0593 5040Laboratory of Microbiology, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sarra Nouira
- grid.411838.70000 0004 0593 5040Laboratory of Microbiology, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Manel Ben Belgacem
- grid.411838.70000 0004 0593 5040Department of Family Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Aymen Nasri
- grid.411838.70000 0004 0593 5040Department of Family Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Rim Klii
- grid.411838.70000 0004 0593 5040Department of Internal Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Chawki Loussaief
- grid.411838.70000 0004 0593 5040Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | | | - Ines Bouanene
- grid.420157.5Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia ,grid.411838.70000 0004 0593 5040Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Asma Belguith Sriha
- grid.420157.5Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia ,grid.411838.70000 0004 0593 5040Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia ,grid.411838.70000 0004 0593 5040Research LaboratoryTechnology and Medical Imaging - LTIM - LR12ES06, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Ahmed S, Hossain M, Chakrabortty D, Arafat KI, Hosen MJ, Khan MMR. Impacts of vitamin C and D supplement on COVID-19 treatment: possible patho-mechanisms and evidence from different countries. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF BRONCHOLOGY 2023. [PMCID: PMC9940675 DOI: 10.1186/s43168-023-00186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
A balanced diet and nutrition greatly influence our immune system’s ability and regulate the risk and severity of infections. This review presented the possible patho-mechanisms of vitamins C and D in COVID-19 immunity.
Main body
Deregulation of the immune system including the decreased level of immune boosters is invariably reported in COVID-19. Vitamin C and vitamin D are among the immune boosters; homeostasis of those was found essential for fighting against the viruses, and COVID-19 is no exception. Statistical data strengthens the statements put forth on the effects of these vitamins regarding the complications, symptoms, and mortality.
Short conclusion
A comprehensive literature review revealed that vitamin C helps to reduce and in some cases eradicate the particular symptoms that pose major risks of COVID-19 while balanced vitamin D content in COVID-19 patients has been proved to possess a negative correlation with mortality.
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Varikasuvu SR, Thangappazham B, Vykunta A, Duggina P, Manne M, Raj H, Aloori S. COVID-19 and Vitamin D (Co-VIVID Study): a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2022; 20:907-913. [PMID: 35086394 PMCID: PMC8862170 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2022.2035217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Vitamin D levels have been reported to be associated with COVID-19 susceptibility, severity, and mortality events. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the use of vitamin D intervention on COVID-19 outcomes. Areas covered Literature search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane library, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. We included RCTs reporting the use of vitamin D intervention to control/placebo group in COVID-19. The study was registered at PROSPERO: CRD42021271461. Expert opinion A total of 6 RCTs with 551 COVID-19 patients were included. The overall collective evidence pooling all the outcomes across all RCTs indicated the beneficial use of vitamin D intervention in COVID-19 (relative risk, RR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.92, Z = 2.33, p = 0.02, I2 = 48%). The rates of RT-CR positivity were significantly decreased in the intervention group as compared to the non-vitamin D groups (RR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.89, Z = 2.31, p = 0.02, I2 = 0%). Conclusively, COVID-19 patients supplemented with vitamin D are more likely to demonstrate fewer rates of ICU admission, mortality events, and RT-PCR positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seshadri Reddy Varikasuvu
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| | | | - Alekya Vykunta
- Heath Centre, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pragathi Duggina
- SSIIE-TBI, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Munikumar Manne
- Nutrition Information, Communication & Health Education (NICHE), ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana India
| | - Hemanth Raj
- Department of Medicine, Mount Medical Centre, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sowjanya Aloori
- Health Education, Telangana State Residential School & College, Telangana, India
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10
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Galani YJH, Ligowe IS, Kieffer M, Kamalongo D, Kambwiri AM, Kuwali P, Thierfelder C, Dougill AJ, Gong YY, Orfila C. Conservation Agriculture Affects Grain and Nutrient Yields of Maize (Zea Mays L.) and Can Impact Food and Nutrition Security in Sub-Saharan Africa. Front Nutr 2022; 8:804663. [PMID: 35155522 PMCID: PMC8826957 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.804663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize is a major staple and plays an essential role in food and nutrition security in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Conservation agriculture (CA), a climate-smart agriculture practise based on minimum soil disturbance, crop residue retention, and crop diversification, has been widely advocated but without extensive research on the impact it may have on maize nutrient composition, and food and nutrition security. This study assessed the grain yield, macro- and micronutrient mineral content, and nutrient yield of eight maize varieties grown in Malawi, and how these are affected by CA practises over two seasons. The minerals were analysed by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) coupled to optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and to mass spectroscopy (MS). Grain yield and Se content differed among the varieties, while C, N, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, and Zn were similar. The local variety Kanjerenjere showed lowest grain and nutrient yields. The open-pollinated varieties (OPVs) concentrated more minerals than the F1 hybrids, but the latter showed higher yields for both grain and nutrients. Typical consumption of the eight maize varieties could fully meet the protein and Mg dietary reference intake (DRIs) of Malawian children (1–3 years), as well as Mg and Mn needs of adult women (19–50 years), but their contribution to dietary requirements was low for Fe (39–41%) and K (13–21%). The trials showed that CA increased grain yield (1.2- to 1.8-fold) and Se content (1.1- to 1.7-fold), but that it had no effect on C, K, Mg, P, and Zn, and that N (1.1- to 1.2-fold), Mn (1.1- to 1.8-fold), and Fe (1.3- to 3.4-fold) were reduced. The high increase in grain yield under CA treatments resulted in increased yields of protein and Se, no effect on the yields of K, Mg, Mn, P, Zn, and reduced Fe yield. Conservation agriculture could contribute in reducing the risk of Se deficiency in Malawian women and children but exacerbates the risk of Fe deficiency. A combination of strategies will be needed to mitigate some of the foreseen effects of climate change on agriculture, and food and nutrition security, and improve nutrient intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamdeu Joseph Hubert Galani
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Yamdeu Joseph Hubert Galani
| | - Ivy S. Ligowe
- Chitedze Agricultural Research Station, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Martin Kieffer
- Centre for Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alfred Mexon Kambwiri
- Centre for Environmental Policy and Advocacy, Blantyre, Malawi
- Civil Society Agriculture Network, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | | | - Andrew J. Dougill
- School of Earth and Environment, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Yun Yun Gong
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Orfila
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Regalia A, Benedetti M, Malvica S, Alfieri C, Campise M, Cresseri D, Gandolfo MT, Tripodi F, Castellano G, Messa P. Vitamin D Status and SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Cohort of Kidney Transplanted Patients. Nutrients 2022; 14:317. [PMID: 35057498 PMCID: PMC8779121 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently the protective role of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) against viral infections has been hypothesized. We evaluated the association between vitamin D status and SARS-CoV-2 infection susceptibility and severity in a cohort of kidney transplanted patients (KTxp). METHODS A total of 61 KTxp with SARS-CoV-2 infection (COV+) were matched with 122 healthy KTxp controls (COV-). Main biochemical parameters at 1, 6, and 12 months before SARS-CoV-2 infection were recorded. Vitamin D status was considered as the mean of two 25(OH)D measures obtained 6 ± 2 months apart during the last year. The severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection was based on the need for hospitalization (HOSP+) and death (D+). RESULTS 25(OH)D levels were lower in COV+ than in controls [19(12-26) vs. 23(17-31) ng/mL, p = 0.01]. No differences among the other biochemical parameters were found. The SARS-CoV-2 infection discriminative power of 25(OH)D was evaluated by ROC-curve (AUC 0.61, 95% CI 0.5-0.7, p = 0.01). 25(OH)D was not significantly different between HOSP+ and HOSP- [17(8-25) vs. 20(15-26) ng/mL, p = 0.19] and between D+ and D- [14(6-23) vs. 20(14-26) ng/mL, p = 0.22] and had no significant correlation with disease length. CONCLUSIONS During the year preceding the infection, 25(OH)D levels were lower in COV+ KTxp in comparison with controls matched for demographic features and comorbidities. No significant association between vitamin D status and SARS-CoV-2 infection related outcomes was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Regalia
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Renal Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (S.M.); (C.A.); (M.C.); (D.C.); (M.T.G.); (F.T.); (G.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Matteo Benedetti
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Renal Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (S.M.); (C.A.); (M.C.); (D.C.); (M.T.G.); (F.T.); (G.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Silvia Malvica
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Renal Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (S.M.); (C.A.); (M.C.); (D.C.); (M.T.G.); (F.T.); (G.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Carlo Alfieri
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Renal Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (S.M.); (C.A.); (M.C.); (D.C.); (M.T.G.); (F.T.); (G.C.); (P.M.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Campise
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Renal Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (S.M.); (C.A.); (M.C.); (D.C.); (M.T.G.); (F.T.); (G.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Donata Cresseri
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Renal Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (S.M.); (C.A.); (M.C.); (D.C.); (M.T.G.); (F.T.); (G.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Maria Teresa Gandolfo
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Renal Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (S.M.); (C.A.); (M.C.); (D.C.); (M.T.G.); (F.T.); (G.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Federica Tripodi
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Renal Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (S.M.); (C.A.); (M.C.); (D.C.); (M.T.G.); (F.T.); (G.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Renal Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (S.M.); (C.A.); (M.C.); (D.C.); (M.T.G.); (F.T.); (G.C.); (P.M.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Messa
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Renal Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (S.M.); (C.A.); (M.C.); (D.C.); (M.T.G.); (F.T.); (G.C.); (P.M.)
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Vassalle C, Parlanti A, Pingitore A, Berti S, Iervasi G, Sabatino L. Vitamin D, Thyroid Hormones and Cardiovascular Risk: Exploring the Components of This Novel Disease Triangle. Front Physiol 2021; 12:722912. [PMID: 34603080 PMCID: PMC8481379 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.722912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of thyroid hormones (THs) in the cardiovascular (CV) system, through several direct and indirect effects is recognized. Even very small modification in TH levels (as those observed in subclinical hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, and low triiodothyronine syndrome) may adversely affect the CV system, whereas thyroid hormones benefit the CV system and improve the prognosis. There is also evidence of vitamin D effects on cardiometabolic disease (e.g., through modulation of endothelial and smooth muscle cell activity, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, nitric oxide, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response), as well as an association between vitamin D [25(OH)D] deficiency and autoimmune thyroid diseases or cancer, and a relationship between vitamin D concentration and titers of antibodies and thyroid autoimmunity replacement. Interestingly, experimental data indicate a direct effect of vitamin D on Type 2 deiodinase expression causing subsequential peripheral conversion of T4 into T3. However, the functional links among THs, vitamin D and the cardiovascular system, and clinical effects of coexisting abnormalities in this new troublesome triad, have not yet been reviewed. The main aim of this review is to discuss pathophysiology of this relationship, proposing new mechanistic insights involving vitamin D in the modulation of cardiometabolic disease and thyroid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sergio Berti
- Fondazione CNR-Regione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
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