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Polyphenols: Major regulators of key components of DNA damage response in cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 82:102679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.102679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ganaie MA, Al Saeedan A, Madhkali H, Jan BL, Khatlani T, Sheikh IA, Rehman MU, Wani K. Chemopreventive efficacy zingerone (4-[4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl] butan-2-one) in experimental colon carcinogenesis in Wistar rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:610-625. [PMID: 30720227 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Development of naturally occurring inexpensive and safe alternatives can be effective in suppressing colon related proliferations. Zingerone (4-[4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl] butan-2-one), a polyphenolic alkanone of ginger, has massive pharmacological properties and thus can be used as promising candidate against various ailments. In the current study, we aimed at demonstrating the protective effect of zingerone against experimental colon carcinogenesis and elucidating its possible mechanism by studying inflammatory and Nrf-2 signaling cascade. Four groups of animals (I-IV) were made with six animals each. Group I (control) was given normal saline orally. Group II was given 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) at the dose rate of 20 mg/kg body weight. Group III and IV were treated with DMH at the dose rate of 20 mg/kg body weight and also received oral treatment of zingerone at a dose rate of 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight, respectively, for first 5 weeks and animals were euthanized after 16 weeks. Our results reveal that DMH treated rats exhibited elevated ROS and MDA levels, increased activity of cytochrome P450 2E1 and serum marker enzyme carcinoembreyonic antigen (CEA), increased no of aberrant crypts of foci (ACF), and elevated expression of inflammatory and proliferative proteins. Nrf-2 was downregulated by DMH treatment. Treatment with zingerone to DMH treated rats, resulted in alterations in the activity of the cytochrome P450 2E1 and CEA. In addition, immunostaining of NF-kB-p65, COX-2, iNOS, and PCNA, Ki-67 was suppressed by zingerone. Furthermore, zingerone administration also attenuated the level of IL-6 and TNF-α and it also helps in preserving mucous layer. Thus, zingerone could be considered as a good chemopreventive agent in experimental model of colon carcinogenesis. Further studies are required to study other pathways involved in colon carcinogenesis and their modulation buy zingerone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ahmad Ganaie
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattan Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Al Saeedan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattan Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Madhkali
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattan Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basit Lateef Jan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanvir Khatlani
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishfaq Ahmad Sheikh
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muneeb U Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry, Govt. Medical College (GMC-Srinagar), Srinagar J&K, India
| | - Khalida Wani
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Mariyappan P, Kalaiyarasu T, Manju V. Effect of eriodictyol on preneoplastic lesions, oxidative stress and bacterial enzymes in 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2017; 6:678-692. [PMID: 30090535 PMCID: PMC6061826 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00074j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eriodictyol, one of the strong flavonoids extracted from Eriodictyon californicum, is known for its antioxidant and anticarcinogenic properties. We estimated the chemopreventive effect of eriodictyol on 1,2 dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced experimental colon carcinogenesis in male albino Wistar rats. The rats were randomized into six groups. Our results evaluated the effect of eriodictyol supplementation (200 μg per kg b.w.) on DMH (20 mg per kg b.w)-induced rats (Groups 4-6). The incidence of polyps, aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and the lipid peroxidation levels were significantly decreased as compared to those in the DMH-alone treated rats (Group 2). In eriodictyol-supplemented DMH-treated rats, we observed increased activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in the circulatory system, liver, and colon. The bacterial enzymes activities of mucosa and faecal were significantly decreased in the group with treatment of eriodictyol on DMH-induced rats. Moreover, in the eriodictyol-supplemented DMH-exposed rats, we observed reduced malignant glands of a histopathological appearance in both liver and colon tissue. Furthermore, we also observed reduced AgNORs counts of eriodictyol supplemented to the DMH-exposed rats. Therefore, we can conclude that eriodictyol can be used as an effective chemopreventive agent against DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis in experimental animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mariyappan
- Department of Biochemistry , Periyar University , Salem , Tamil Nadu 636011 , India .
| | - T Kalaiyarasu
- Department of Biochemistry , Periyar University , Salem , Tamil Nadu 636011 , India .
| | - V Manju
- Department of Biochemistry , Periyar University , Salem , Tamil Nadu 636011 , India .
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Gunasekaran S, Venkatachalam K, Jeyavel K, Namasivayam N. Protective effect of p-methoxycinnamic acid, an active phenolic acid against 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis: modulating biotransforming bacterial enzymes and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 394:187-98. [PMID: 24908112 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective of the study is to evaluate the modifying potential of p-methoxycinnamic acid (p-MCA), an active rice bran phenolic acid on biotransforming bacterial enzymes and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colon carcinogenesis. 48 male albino wistar rats were divided into six groups. Group1 (control) received modified pellet diet and 0.1 % carboxymethylcellulose; group2 received modified pellet diet along with p-MCA (80 mg/kg b.wt. p.o.) everyday for 16 weeks; groups 3-6 received 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) (20 mg/kg b.wt.) subcutaneous injection once a week for the first 4 weeks, while groups 4-6 received p-MCA at three different doses of 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg b.wt. p.o. everyday for 16 weeks. A significant increase in carcinogen-activating enzymes (cytochrome P450, cytochrome b5, cytochrome P4502E1, NADH-cytochrome-b5-reductase and NADPH-cytochrome-P450 reductase) with concomitant decrease in phaseII enzymes, DT-Diaphorase, glutathione S-transferase, UDP-glucuronyl-transferase and gamma glutamyltransferase were observed in group3 compared to control. DMH treatment significantly increased the activities of feacal and colonic bacterial enzymes (β-glucosidase, β-galactosidase, β-glucuronidase, nitroreductase, sulphatase and mucinase). p-MCA supplementation (40 mg/kg b.wt) to carcinogen exposed rats inhibited these enzymes, which were near those of control rats. The formation of dysplastic aberrant crypt foci in the colon and the histopathological observations of the liver also supports our biochemical findings. p-MCA (40 mg/kg b.wt.) offers remarkable modulating efficacy of biotransforming bacterial and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivagami Gunasekaran
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002, Tamilnadu, India
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Pandey S, Singh A, Kumar P, Chaudhari A, Nareshkumar G. Probiotic Escherichia coli CFR 16 producing pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) ameliorates 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced oxidative damage in colon and liver of rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 173:775-86. [PMID: 24718737 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-0897-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) genesis. Alleviation of oxidative stress is achieved by using antioxidants and probiotics. Present study investigates a synergistic effect of the probiotic Escherichia coli CFR 16 containing Vitreoscilla haemoglobin gene (vgb), green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene and pyrroloquinoline quinone (pqq) gene cluster on oxidative stress induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Adult virgin Charles foster male rats (3-4 months) weighing 200-250 g were administered with DMH (25 mg/kg body weight, s.c.) twice a week for eight consecutive weeks. Rats receiving only DMH dose showed increased lipid peroxidation in liver and intestinal tissues with reduced activity of antioxidant enzymes, i.e. superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Oral dose of E. coli CFR 16::vgb-gfp harbouring pqq gene cluster increased rat faecal PQQ concentration by twofold, reduced lipid peroxidation and retained SOD, CAT and GPx activities close to normal levels in liver and colonic tissues following DMH treatment. In addition, significant protection was found in colonic histological sections of these rat groups. This study demonstrates a protective efficacy in the following order: E. coli CFR 16 < E. coli CFR 16::vgb-gfp < vitamin C = PQQ < E. coli CFR 16::vgb-gfp (pqq).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002, India
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Vinothkumar R, Vinoth Kumar R, Karthikkumar V, Viswanathan P, Kabalimoorthy J, Nalini N. Oral supplementation with troxerutin (trihydroxyethylrutin), modulates lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colon carcinogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:174-184. [PMID: 24355798 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the chemopreventive potential of troxerutin on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induced rat colon carcinogenesis by evaluating the antioxidant and lipid peroxidation (LPO) status. Rats were randomly divided into six groups. Group I rats served as control. Group II rats received troxerutin (50 mg/kgb.w., p.o.) for 16 weeks. Groups III-VI rats received subcutaneous injections of DMH (20 mg/kgb.w., s.c.) once a week, for the first 4 weeks. In addition to DMH, groups IV-VI rats received troxerutin at the doses of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kgb.w., respectively. In DMH treated rats, our results showed decreased activities of antioxidants and increased levels of LPO in the liver. Moreover, LPO and antioxidants in the colon were found to be significantly diminished in DMH the treated rats. Furthermore, enhanced activity of colonic vitamin C and vitamin E levels were observed in DMH alone treated rats (group III), which was significantly reversed on troxerutin supplementation. Troxerutin at the dose of 25 mg/kgb.w. had shown profound beneficial effects by exhibiting near normal biochemical profile and well-preserved colon histology as compared to the other two tested doses (12.5 and 50 mg/kgb.w.). These findings suggest that troxerutin could serve as a novel agent for colon cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vinothkumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Vinoth Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Karthikkumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Viswanathan
- Department of Pathology, Rajah Muthiah Medical College, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Kabalimoorthy
- Department of Surgery, Rajah Muthiah Medical College, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Nalini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Synergistic and individual effects of umbelliferone with 5-flurouracil on the status of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense against 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine induced rat colon carcinogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Preventive effects of rice bran oil on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine/dextran sodium sulphate-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Li SC, Chou TC, Shih CK. Effects of brown rice, rice bran, and polished rice on colon carcinogenesis in rats. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Ghafar SAA, Yazan LS, Tahir PM, Ismail M. Kenaf seed supercritical fluid extract reduces aberrant crypt foci formation in azoxymethane-induced rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 64:247-51. [PMID: 20869858 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2010.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) a plant of the family Malvaceae, is a valuable fiber plant native to India and Africa. Kenaf seeds contain alpha-linolenic acid, phytosterol such as β-sitosterol, vitamin E and other antioxidants with chemopreventive properties. In the present study we examined the hypothesis that kenaf seed 'supercritical fluid extract' (SFE) extract could suppress the early colon carcinogenesis in vivo by virtue of its bioactive compounds. To accomplish this goal, 60 male rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups which were (1) negative control group [not induced with azoxymethane (AOM)]; (2) positive control group (induced with AOM but received no treatment); (3) group treated with 500 mg/kg kenaf seed SFE extract; (4) group treated with 1000 mg/kg kenaf seed SFE extract; (5) group treated with 1500 mg/kg kenaf seed SFE extract. At 7 weeks of age, all rats except the negative control group received 15 mg/kg of AOM injection subcutaneously once a week for 2 weeks. Rats were euthanized at 13 weeks of the experiment. Number of ACF (mean±SD) ranged from 84.4±4.43 to 179.5±12.78 in group 2, 3, 4, 5. ACF reductions compared with the untreated group were 45.3, 51.4 and 53.1% in rats fed with 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg body weight, respectively. There were no significant differences in weight gain among groups. Our finding indicates that kenaf seed SFE extract reduced AOM-induced ACF in Sprague-Dawley male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Aisyah Abd Ghafar
- Nutraceutical and Nutrigenomic Programme, Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Du G, Lin H, Yang Y, Zhang S, Wu X, Wang M, Ji L, Lu L, Yu L, Han G. Dietary quercetin combining intratumoral doxorubicin injection synergistically induces rejection of established breast cancer in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 10:819-26. [PMID: 20447470 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Revised: 04/10/2010] [Accepted: 04/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dietary ingredients can decrease the risk of a variety of human cancers. Quercetin (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) has a long history of consumption as part of the normal human diet and is able to induce growth inhibition in multiple cancer cells. In an attempt to generate more potent therapeutic effect for breast cancer, we have designed a combinative regimen of dietary quercetin with intratumoral doxorubicin injection and evaluated their anti-tumor activity in established breast cancer mouse model. Interestingly, dietary quercetin combining intratumoral doxorubicin injection synergistically induced potent rejection of 4T1 breast cancer and led to long-term, tumor-free survival in mice bearing established breast tumor, whereas quercetin or doxorubicin alone failed to cure tumor-bearing mice. Treatment with quercetin promoted lymphocyte proliferation and regulated Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance. Combination of quercetin and intratumoral doxorubicin injection further induced a persistent T-cell tumor-specific responses. Based on these results, the combination of quercetin as a food supplement adjunctive with intratumoral doxorubicin chemotherapy may represent a novel and highly effective strategy for inducing immune responses against tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangjun Du
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, 475001, Kaifeng, Henan, China; Kaifeng Institute of Oncology, 475001 Kaifeng, Henan, China.
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Ventrella-Lucente LF, Unnikrishnan A, Pilling AB, Patel HV, Kushwaha D, Dombkowski AA, Schmelz EM, Cabelof DC, Heydari AR. Folate deficiency provides protection against colon carcinogenesis in DNA polymerase beta haploinsufficient mice. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:19246-58. [PMID: 20404327 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.069807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and DNA polymerase beta deficiency (beta-pol(+/-)) interact to accelerate the development of malignant lymphomas and adenocarcinoma and increase tumor bearing load in mice. Folate deficiency (FD) has been shown to induce DNA damage repaired via the base excision repair (BER) pathway. We anticipated that FD and BER deficiency would interact to accelerate aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formation and tumor development in beta-pol haploinsufficient animals. FD resulted in a significant increase in ACF formation in wild type (WT) animals exposed to 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, a known colon and liver carcinogen; however, FD reduced development of ACF in beta-pol haploinsufficient mice. Prolonged feeding of the FD diet resulted in advanced ACF formation and liver tumors in wild type mice. However, FD attenuated onset and progression of ACF and prevented liver tumorigenesis in beta-pol haploinsufficient mice, i.e. FD provided protection against tumorigenesis in a BER-deficient environment in all tissues where 1,2-dimethylhydrazine exerts its damage. Here we show a distinct down-regulation in DNA repair pathways, e.g. BER, nucleotide excision repair, and mismatch repair, and decline in cell proliferation, as well as an up-regulation in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, proapoptotic genes, and apoptosis in colons of FD beta-pol haploinsufficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa F Ventrella-Lucente
- Department of Nutrition and Food, Science College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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Aranganathan S, Nalini N. Efficacy of the potential chemopreventive agent, hesperetin (citrus flavanone), on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine induced colon carcinogenesis. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:2594-600. [PMID: 19632289 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Revised: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Our current study is an effort to identify a potent chemopreventive agent against colon cancer. Here we have investigated the efficacy of hesperetin on tissue lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defense system and colonic histoarchitecture in male Wistar rats in colon carcinogenesis. Rats in groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 were treated with DMH (20 mg kg body weight s.c.) once a week for 15 weeks. Group 1 rats received modified pellet diet and served as control; group 2 received modified pellet diet along with hesperetin (20mg/kg body weight, p.o., every day); and hesperetin was given to the rats as in-group 2 during the initiation, post-initiation and entire period stages of colon carcinogenesis. Lipid peroxidation was studied by measuring the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) and conjugated dienes (CD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), reduced glutathione (GSH), in the liver and colonic tissues of DMH administered rats. (1) Decreased levels of lipid peroxidation in the colonic tissues; (2) decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, GPX, GR and GSH levels in the tissues on DMH treatment. Hesperetin supplementation during the initiation, post-initiation and entire period stages of carcinogenesis significantly reversed these activities. These results indicate that hesperetin may be a potential chemopreventive agent against DMH-induced colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aranganathan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002 Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
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