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Feldman HH, Luchsinger JA, Léger GC, Taylor C, Jacobs DM, Salmon DP, Edland SD, Messer K, Revta C, Flowers SA, Jones KS, Koulman A, Yarasheski KE, Verghese PB, Venkatesh V, Zetterberg H, Durant J, Lupo JL, Gibson GE. Protocol for a seamless phase 2A-phase 2B randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of benfotiamine in patients with early Alzheimer's disease (BenfoTeam). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302998. [PMID: 38809849 PMCID: PMC11135745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benfotiamine provides an important novel therapeutic direction in Alzheimer's disease (AD) with possible additive or synergistic effects to amyloid targeting therapeutic approaches. OBJECTIVE To conduct a seamless phase 2A-2B proof of concept trial investigating tolerability, safety, and efficacy of benfotiamine, a prodrug of thiamine, as a first-in-class small molecule oral treatment for early AD. METHODS This is the protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 72-week clinical trial of benfotiamine in 406 participants with early AD. Phase 2A determines the highest safe and well-tolerated dose of benfotiamine to be carried forward to phase 2B. During phase 2A, real-time monitoring of pre-defined safety stopping criteria in the first approximately 150 enrollees will help determine which dose (600 mg or 1200 mg) will be carried forward into phase 2B. The phase 2A primary analysis will test whether the rate of tolerability events (TEs) is unacceptably high in the high-dose arm compared to placebo. The primary safety endpoint in phase 2A is the rate of TEs compared between active and placebo arms, at each dose. The completion of phase 2A will seamlessly transition to phase 2B without pausing or stopping the trial. Phase 2B will assess efficacy and longer-term safety of benfotiamine in a larger group of participants through 72 weeks of treatment, at the selected dose. The co-primary efficacy endpoints in phase 2B are CDR-Sum of Boxes and ADAS-Cog13. Secondary endpoints include safety and tolerability measures; pharmacokinetic measures of thiamine and its esters, erythrocyte transketolase activity as blood markers of efficacy of drug delivery; ADCS-ADL-MCI; and MoCA. CONCLUSION The BenfoTeam trial utilizes an innovative seamless phase 2A-2B design to achieve proof of concept. It includes an adaptive dose decision rule, thus optimizing exposure to the highest and best-tolerated dose. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06223360, registered on January 25, 2024. https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06223360.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard H. Feldman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - José A. Luchsinger
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gabriel C. Léger
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Curtis Taylor
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Diane M. Jacobs
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - David P. Salmon
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Steven D. Edland
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Karen Messer
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Carolyn Revta
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Sarah A. Flowers
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Kerry S. Jones
- Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Albert Koulman
- Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Venky Venkatesh
- C2N Diagnostics, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - January Durant
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jody-Lynn Lupo
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Gary E. Gibson
- Burke Neurological Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, New York, United States of America
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Gibson GE, Luchsinger JA, Cirio R, Chen H, Franchino-Elder J, Hirsch JA, Bettendorff L, Chen Z, Flowers SA, Gerber LM, Grandville T, Schupf N, Xu H, Stern Y, Habeck C, Jordan B, Fonzetti P. Benfotiamine and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease: Results of a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Phase IIa Clinical Trial. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:989-1010. [PMID: 33074237 PMCID: PMC7880246 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In preclinical models, benfotiamine efficiently ameliorates the clinical and biological pathologies that define Alzheimer's disease (AD) including impaired cognition, amyloid-β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, diminished glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, increased advanced glycation end products (AGE), and inflammation. OBJECTIVE To collect preliminary data on feasibility, safety, and efficacy in individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) or mild dementia due to AD in a placebo-controlled trial of benfotiamine. METHODS A twelve-month treatment with benfotiamine tested whether clinical decline would be delayed in the benfotiamine group compared to the placebo group. The primary clinical outcome was the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog). Secondary outcomes were the clinical dementia rating (CDR) score and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake, measured with brain positron emission tomography (PET). Blood AGE were examined as an exploratory outcome. RESULTS Participants were treated with benfotiamine (34) or placebo (36). Benfotiamine treatment was safe. The increase in ADAS-Cog was 43% lower in the benfotiamine group than in the placebo group, indicating less cognitive decline, and this effect was nearly statistically significant (p = 0.125). Worsening in CDR was 77% lower (p = 0.034) in the benfotiamine group compared to the placebo group, and this effect was stronger in the APOEɛ4 non-carriers. Benfotiamine significantly reduced increases in AGE (p = 0.044), and this effect was stronger in the APOEɛ4 non-carriers. Exploratory analysis derivation of an FDG PET pattern score showed a treatment effect at one year (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Oral benfotiamine is safe and potentially efficacious in improving cognitive outcomes among persons with MCI and mild AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary E. Gibson
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weil Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - José A. Luchsinger
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Joseph A. Hirsch
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, USA
- Burke Rehabilitation Hospital, White Plains, NY, USA
- Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lucien Bettendorff
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah A. Flowers
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Linda M. Gerber
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Nicole Schupf
- Mailman School of Public Health, The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hui Xu
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, GH Sergievsky Center, the Taub Institute for the Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christian Habeck
- Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barry Jordan
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pasquale Fonzetti
- Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY; Westmed Medical Group White Plains NY
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Balk L, Hägerroth PÅ, Gustavsson H, Sigg L, Åkerman G, Ruiz Muñoz Y, Honeyfield DC, Tjärnlund U, Oliveira K, Ström K, McCormick SD, Karlsson S, Ström M, van Manen M, Berg AL, Halldórsson HP, Strömquist J, Collier TK, Börjeson H, Mörner T, Hansson T. Widespread episodic thiamine deficiency in Northern Hemisphere wildlife. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38821. [PMID: 27958327 PMCID: PMC5153840 DOI: 10.1038/srep38821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Many wildlife populations are declining at rates higher than can be explained by known threats to biodiversity. Recently, thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency has emerged as a possible contributing cause. Here, thiamine status was systematically investigated in three animal classes: bivalves, ray-finned fishes, and birds. Thiamine diphosphate is required as a cofactor in at least five life-sustaining enzymes that are required for basic cellular metabolism. Analysis of different phosphorylated forms of thiamine, as well as of activities and amount of holoenzyme and apoenzyme forms of thiamine-dependent enzymes, revealed episodically occurring thiamine deficiency in all three animal classes. These biochemical effects were also linked to secondary effects on growth, condition, liver size, blood chemistry and composition, histopathology, swimming behaviour and endurance, parasite infestation, and reproduction. It is unlikely that the thiamine deficiency is caused by impaired phosphorylation within the cells. Rather, the results point towards insufficient amounts of thiamine in the food. By investigating a large geographic area, by extending the focus from lethal to sublethal thiamine deficiency, and by linking biochemical alterations to secondary effects, we demonstrate that the problem of thiamine deficiency is considerably more widespread and severe than previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Balk
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Åke Hägerroth
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna Gustavsson
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa Sigg
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gun Åkerman
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yolanda Ruiz Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, ES-36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Dale C. Honeyfield
- Leetown Science Center, Northern Appalachian Research Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Wellsboro, Pennsylvania 16901, USA
| | - Ulla Tjärnlund
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Oliveira
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747, USA
| | - Karin Ström
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen D. McCormick
- Leetown Science Center, Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Turners Falls, Massachusetts 01376, USA
| | - Simon Karlsson
- River Ecology and Management, Karlstad University, SE-65188 Karlstad, Sweden
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Freshwater Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-17893 Drottningholm, Sweden
| | - Marika Ström
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathijs van Manen
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anna-Lena Berg
- Medical Products Agency, Box 26, SE-75103 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Jennie Strömquist
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Freshwater Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-17893 Drottningholm, Sweden
| | - Tracy K. Collier
- NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington 98112, USA
| | - Hans Börjeson
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Fisheries Research Station, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Brobacken, SE-81494 Älvkarleby, Sweden
| | - Torsten Mörner
- Department of Disease Control and Epidemiology, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), SE-75189 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas Hansson
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Sharma C, Kaur A, Thind SS, Singh B, Raina S. Advanced glycation End-products (AGEs): an emerging concern for processed food industries. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2015; 52:7561-76. [PMID: 26604334 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-1851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The global food industry is expected to increase more than US $ 7 trillion by 2014. This rise in processed food sector shows that more and more people are diverging towards modern processed foods. As modern diets are largely heat processed, they are more prone to contain high levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs are a group of complex and heterogeneous compounds which are known as brown and fluorescent cross-linking substances such as pentosidine, non-fluorescent cross-linking products such as methylglyoxal-lysine dimers (MOLD), or non-fluorescent, non-cross linking adducts such as carboxymethyllysine (CML) and pyrraline (a pyrrole aldehyde). The chemistry of the AGEs formation, absorption and bioavailability and their patho-biochemistry particularly in relation to different complications like diabetes and ageing discussed. The concept of AGEs receptor - RAGE is mentioned. AGEs contribute to a variety of microvascular and macrovascular complications through the formation of cross-links between molecules in the basement membrane of the extracellular matrix and by engaging the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Different methods of detection and quantification along with types of agents used for the treatment of AGEs are reviewed. Generally, ELISA or LC-MS methods are used for analysis of foods and body fluids, however lack of universally established method highlighted. The inhibitory effect of bioactive components on AGEs by trapping variety of chemical moieties discussed. The emerging evidence about the adverse effects of AGEs makes it necessary to investigate the different therapies to inhibit AGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Sharma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Amarjeet Kaur
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - S S Thind
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Baljit Singh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Shiveta Raina
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
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Tan H, Li Q, Zhou Z, Ma C, Song Y, Xu F, Wang L. A sensitive fluorescent assay for thiamine based on metal-organic frameworks with intrinsic peroxidase-like activity. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 856:90-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Poulsen MW, Hedegaard RV, Andersen JM, de Courten B, Bügel S, Nielsen J, Skibsted LH, Dragsted LO. Advanced glycation endproducts in food and their effects on health. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 60:10-37. [PMID: 23867544 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) form by Maillard-reactions after initial binding of aldehydes with amines or amides in heated foods or in living organisms. The mechanisms of formation may include ionic as well as oxidative and radical pathways. The reactions may proceed within proteins to form high-molecular weight (HMW) AGEs or among small molecules to form low-molecular weight (LMW) AGEs. All free amino acids form AGEs, but lysine or arginine side chains dominate AGE formation within proteins. The analysis of AGEs in foods and body fluids is most often performed by ELISA or LC-MS; however, none of the methodologies cover all HMW and LMW AGEs. Most research is, therefore, carried out using 'representative' AGE compounds, most often N(ε)-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML). Only LMW AGEs, including peptide-bound forms, and carbonyls may be absorbed from the gut and contribute to the body burden of AGEs. Some AGEs interact with specific pro- or anti-inflammatory receptors. Most studies on the biological effects of AGEs have been carried out by administering heated foods. The pro-inflammatory and deteriorating biological effects of AGEs in these studies, therefore, need further confirmation. The current review points out several research needs in order to address important questions on AGEs in foods and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malene W Poulsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Gibson GE, Hirsch JA, Cirio RT, Jordan BD, Fonzetti P, Elder J. Abnormal thiamine-dependent processes in Alzheimer's Disease. Lessons from diabetes. Mol Cell Neurosci 2012; 55:17-25. [PMID: 22982063 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced glucose metabolism is an invariant feature of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and an outstanding biomarker of disease progression. Glucose metabolism may be an attractive therapeutic target, whether the decline initiates AD pathophysiology or is a critical component of a cascade. The cause of cerebral regional glucose hypometabolism remains unclear. Thiamine-dependent processes are critical in glucose metabolism and are diminished in brains of AD patients at autopsy. Further, the reductions in thiamine-dependent processes are highly correlated to the decline in clinical dementia rating scales. In animal models, thiamine deficiency exacerbates plaque formation, promotes phosphorylation of tau and impairs memory. In contrast, treatment of mouse models of AD with the thiamine derivative benfotiamine diminishes plaques, decreases phosphorylation of tau and reverses memory deficits. Diabetes predisposes to AD, which suggests they may share some common mechanisms. Benfotiamine diminishes peripheral neuropathy in diabetic humans and animals. In diabetes, benfotiamine induces key thiamine-dependent enzymes of the pentose shunt to reduce accumulation of toxic metabolites including advanced glycation end products (AGE). Related mechanisms may lead to reversal of plaque formation by benfotiamine in animals. If so, the use of benfotiamine could provide a safe intervention to reverse biological and clinical processes of AD progression. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Mitochondrial function and dysfunction in neurodegeneration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary E Gibson
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College, Burke Medical Research Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Avenue, White Plains, NY 10605, USA.
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Khan MA, Jin SO, Lee SH, Chung HY. Spectrofluorimetric determination of vitamin B1using horseradish peroxidase as catalyst in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. LUMINESCENCE 2009; 24:73-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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