Razaghi M, Gharibeh N, Vanstone CA, Sotunde OF, Khamessan A, Wei SQ, McNally D, Rauch F, Jones G, Kimmins S, Weiler HA. Correction of neonatal vitamin D status using 1000 IU vitamin D/d increased lean body mass by 12 months of age compared with 400 IU/d: a randomized controlled trial.
Am J Clin Nutr 2022;
115:1612-1625. [PMID:
35441210 PMCID:
PMC9170472 DOI:
10.1093/ajcn/nqab431]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Intrauterine exposure to maternal vitamin D status <50 nmol/L of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] may adversely affect infant body composition. Whether postnatal interventions can reprogram for a leaner body phenotype is unknown.
OBJECTIVES
The primary objective was to test whether 1000 IU/d of supplemental vitamin D (compared with 400 IU/d) improves lean mass in infants born with serum 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L.
METHODS
Healthy, term, breastfed infants (Montréal, Canada, March 2016-2019) were assessed for serum 25(OH)D (immunoassay) 24-36 h postpartum. Infants with serum 25(OH)D <50nmol/L at 24-36 h were eligible for the trial and randomly assigned at baseline (1 mo postpartum) to 400 (29 males, 20 females) or 1000 IU/d (29 males, 20 females) of vitamin D until 12 mo. Infants (23 males, 18 females) with 25(OH)D ≥50 nmol/L (sufficient) formed a nonrandomized reference group provided 400 IU/d. Anthropometry, body composition (DXA), and serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured at 1, 3, 6, and 12 mo.
RESULTS
At baseline, mean ± SD serum 25(OH)D concentrations in infants allocated to the 400 and 1000 IU/d vitamin D groups were 45.8 ± 14.1 and 47.6 ± 13.4, respectively; for the reference group it was 69.2 ± 16.4 nmol/L. Serum 25(OH)D concentration increased on average to ≥50 nmol/L in the trial groups at 3-12 mo. Lean mass varied differently between groups over time; at 12 mo it was higher in the 1000 IU/d vitamin D group than in the 400 IU/d group (mean ± SD: 7013 ± 904.6 compared with 6690.4 ± 1121.7 g, P = 0.0428), but not the reference group (mean ± SD: 6715.1 ± 784.6 g, P = 0.19). Whole-body fat mass was not different between the groups over time.
CONCLUSIONS
Vitamin D supplementation (400 or 1000 IU/d) during infancy readily corrects vitamin D status, whereas 1000 IU/d modestly increases lean mass by 12 mo. The long-term implications require further research. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02563015.
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