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Weiler HA, Fu WH, Razaghi M, Gharibeh N, Vanstone CA. Parathyroid hormone-vitamin D dynamics vary according to the definition of vitamin D deficiency in newborn infants. Bone 2023; 175:116862. [PMID: 37524294 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is an indirect functional indicator of vitamin D status. Risk of vitamin D deficiency, assessed using circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), is defined as <30 nmol/L by the National Academy of Medicine and alternatively <25 nmol/L in the global consensus recommendation on prevention and management of nutritional rickets. OBJECTIVE To test PTH concentrations and the odds for elevated values according to vitamin D deficiency cut-points (<30 nmol/L, or <25 nmol/L) in newborn infants. METHODS Healthy term-born infants (n = 858) were recruited from Montreal, Canada (2016-2019). Obstetric data were obtained from medical records, and demographic factors surveyed. Immunoassays were used to measure newborn (24-36 h) serum PTH and 25(OH)D; 25(OH)D was standardized to National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standard reference materials. Serum PTH was log-transformed before comparing serum 25(OH)D groups (<30 vs. ≥30; or <25 vs. ≥25 nmol/L) using ANCOVA adjusted for infant sex, type of delivery, parity, race, and family income. The odds of elevated PTH (>71.48 pg/mL) were tested using logistic regression, adjusted for the same covariates. RESULTS Infants (50.2 % female) were 39.6 ± 1.0 weeks gestational age (mean ± SD), and 3.41 ± 0.38 kg. Median serum 25(OH)D was 45.4 (IQR 23.2) nmol/L; 20.5 % had serum 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L, and 12.4 % <25 nmol/L. Median serum PTH was 30.72 (IQR 33.90) pg/mL, elevated in 12.7 % overall, and higher in infants born with serum 25(OH)D < 25 vs. ≥25 nmol/L (35.96 (IQR 39.20) vs. 30.36 (IQR 32.93) pg/mL, p = 0.0158). The odds of elevated PTH were higher when serum 25(OH)D was <25 nmol/L (ORadj 2.13, 95 % CI: 1.23, 3.69). PTH concentration and the odds of being elevated did not differ according to the 30 nmol/L cut-point. CONCLUSIONS Based on this study, the definition of vitamin D deficiency relative to bone health as set by the National Academy of Medicine (<30 nmol/L) exceeds the threshold at which PTH is elevated in newborn infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope A Weiler
- Nutrition Research Division, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada; School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada.
| | - Wen Hsuan Fu
- Nutrition Research Division, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Maryam Razaghi
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Gharibeh
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada
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Gharibeh N, Razaghi M, Vanstone CA, Sotunde OF, Glenn L, Mullahoo K, Farahnak Z, Khamessan A, Wei SQ, McNally D, Rauch F, Jones G, Kaufmann M, Weiler HA. Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Bone Mass in Infants With 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations Less Than 50 nmol/L: A Prespecified Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr 2023; 177:353-362. [PMID: 36780180 PMCID: PMC9926359 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.5837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The dose of supplemental vitamin D needed in infants born with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations less than 50 nmol/L (ie, 20 ng/mL) is unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine whether a higher dose (1000 IU vs 400 IU per day) is required in infants born with 25(OH)D concentrations less than 50 nmol/L for bone mineral accretion across infancy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this prespecified secondary analysis of a double-blinded randomized clinical trial, conducted from March 2016 to March 2019 in a single center in Greater Montreal, Quebec, Canada, a consecutive sample of 139 healthy term singletons were recruited from 866 infants screened for vitamin D status at birth. Data were analyzed from June 2021 to November 2022. INTERVENTIONS Capillary blood was collected 24 to 36 hours after birth to measure serum total 25(OH)D concentrations. Infants with 25(OH)D concentrations less than 50 nmol/L were randomized to receive either 1000 IU or 400 IU per day of oral vitamin D3 supplementation from age 1 to 12 months. Infants with 25(OH)D concentrations of 50 nmol/L or greater formed a reference group. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Measures at age 1, 3, 6, and 12 months were preplanned and included whole-body bone mineral content, lumbar spine bone mineral content, and bone mineral density using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and serum 25(OH)D3 using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Of 139 included infants, 81 (58.3%) were male, and the median (IQR) gestational age at birth was 39.6 (38.9-40.6) weeks. A total of 49 infants were included in the 1000 IU per day group, 49 infants in the 400 IU per day group, and 41 in the reference group. Mean (SD) whole-body bone mineral content was not different between trial groups over time (1000 IU per day, 173.09 [2.36] g; 400 IU per day, 165.94 [66.08] g). Similarly, no differences were observed in lumbar spine bone mineral content or density. Mean (SD) serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations were significantly higher in the 1000 IU per day group from age 3 to 12 months (3 months, 115.2 [35.3] nmol/L; 6 months, 121.6 [34.4] nmol/L; 12 months, 99.6 [28.8] nmol/L) compared with the 400 IU per day trial group (3 months, 77.4 [23.3] nmol/L; 6 months, 85.1 [18.6] nmol/L; 12 months, 82.3 [14.3] nmol/L). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, a higher dose of vitamin D supplementation in infants born with 25(OH)D concentrations less than 50 nmol/L did not present advantages to bone mass in infancy. This study supports a standard dose of 400 IU per day of vitamin D supplementation for breastfed infants in Montreal. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02563015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Gharibeh
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maryam Razaghi
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine A. Vanstone
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olusola F. Sotunde
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laura Glenn
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kristina Mullahoo
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zahra Farahnak
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada,Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Ali Khamessan
- Europharm International Canada Inc, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shu Qin Wei
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dayre McNally
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frank Rauch
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Glenville Jones
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Kaufmann
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hope A. Weiler
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada,Nutrition Research Division, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Cohen TR, Mak IL, Loiselle SE, Kasvis P, Hazell TJ, Vanstone CA, Rodd C, Weiler HA. Changes in Adiposity without Impacting Bone Health in Nine- to Twelve-Year-Old Children with Overweight and Obesity after a One-Year Family-Centered Lifestyle Behavior Intervention. Child Obes 2023; 19:46-56. [PMID: 35384736 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2022.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: Few family-centered lifestyle interventions (FCLIs) for children with overweight or obesity (OW/OB) have assessed regional adiposity and bone health. This study assessed changes in adiposity in 9- to 12-year olds with OW/OB in a 1-year FCLI. Methods: Children were randomized to FCLI (six registered dietitian-led sessions) or no intervention (Control, CTRL). The FCLI focused on physical activity, nutrition education, and behavioral counseling children with families present. Assessments occurred at baseline and every 3 months for 1 year to assess changes in waist circumference (WC), body mass index for age-and-sex Z-scores (BAZ), body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), and cardiometabolic biomarkers. Mixed models were used to determine the effects of group and time or group-by-time interactions for all outcomes. Results: Sixty children (age: 11.1 ± 1.1 years, BAZ: 2.7 ± 0.6) were enrolled; 55 participants (n = 28 CTRL, n = 27 FCLI) completed the study. There were no between group differences from baseline to follow-up for any measure. The FCLI group had significant decreases in BAZ over 12 months (-0.18 ± 0.27, p = 0.03) but not CTRL (-0.05 ± 0.32, p = 0.92). WC and android fat mass did not change in FCLI (p > 0.20) but increased in CTRL (p < 0.02). Whole body bone area, content, and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) increased in both groups (p < 0.010); whole body aBMD Z-score decreased by 5.8% and 1.6% in CTRL and FCLI, respectively (p < 0.001). There were no significant within group changes in biomarkers. Conclusion: The FCLI resulted in small reductions in BAZ and a plateau in android fat mass, which suggest that FCLIs are suitable as an intervention for 9- to 12-year-old children with OW/OB. Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT01290016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara R Cohen
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, Food Nutrition and Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Healthy Starts, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Unit, Healthy Starts, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ivy L Mak
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sarah-Eve Loiselle
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Popi Kasvis
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tom J Hazell
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine A Vanstone
- School of Human Nutrition, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Celia Rodd
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hope A Weiler
- School of Human Nutrition, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
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Weiler HA, Attar A, Farahnak Z, Sotunde OF, Razaghi M, Gharibeh N, Khamessan A, Vanstone CA. Vitamin D Status of Infants of Mothers with Gestational Diabetes: Status at Birth and a Randomized Controlled Trial of Vitamin D Supplementation across Infancy. J Nutr 2022; 152:2441-2450. [PMID: 36774110 PMCID: PMC9644174 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D status and requirements of infants of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are unclear. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to assess vitamin D status in infants of mothers with GDM and compare vitamin D status in response to 400 vs. 1000 IU/d vitamin D supplementation in infants born with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] <50 nmol/L. METHODS Women with GDM delivering full-term infants (n = 98; March 2017-2019, Montreal, Canada) were surveyed for demographic and lifestyle factors. Pregnancy history was obtained from medical records. Newborn serum 25(OH)D was measured (immunoassay) and categorized as <30 (deficient) or ≥40 nmol/L (adequate). Breastfed neonates (n = 16) with serum 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L at birth were randomly assigned to 400 or 1000 IU/d of supplemental cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), and serum 25(OH)D was measured at baseline (≤1 mo) and 3, 6, and 12 mo of age. Groups were compared using a linear mixed-effects model and Tukey-Kramer post hoc tests. RESULTS Mean newborn serum 25(OH)D was 46.4 (95% CI: 43.9, 49.9) nmol/L, with 15.3% (95% CI: 8.2%, 22.4%) <30 nmol/L and 61.2% (95% CI: 51.6%, 70.9%) ≥40 nmol/L. During the trial, most infants were breastfed to 3 mo (400 IU/d: 87.5%; 1000 IU/d: 75.0%). Mean (± SEM) infant serum 25(OH)D was higher in the 1000-IU/d group at 3 mo (79.9 ± 5.9 vs. 111.5 ± 15.2 nmol/L; P = 0.0263), and although not different at 6-12 mo, was maintained at >50 nmol/L. CONCLUSIONS Most infants of women with GDM had adequate vitamin D status in this study. In those born with serum 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L, vitamin D status was corrected by 3 mo of age in response to 400 or 1000 IU/d of supplemental vitamin D. Dietary guidance should continue to recommend that all women who could become pregnant take a multivitamin supplement and that breastfed infants receive 400 IU/d of supplemental vitamin D. This study and ancillary trial were registered at clinicaltrials.gov (https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov/ct2/show/NCT02563015) as NCT02563015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope A Weiler
- Nutrition Research Division, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Atheer Attar
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada; Clinical Nutrition Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahra Farahnak
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Olusola F Sotunde
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maryam Razaghi
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Gharibeh
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ali Khamessan
- Europharm International Canada, Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine A Vanstone
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
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Weiler HA, Hazell TJ, Majnemer A, Vanstone CA, Gallo S, Rodd CJ. Vitamin D supplementation and gross motor development: A 3-year follow-up of a randomized trial. Early Hum Dev 2022; 171:105615. [PMID: 35777122 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2022.105615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D status during pregnancy, early childhood and season-at-birth are implicated in gross motor development (GMD). AIM To test whether vitamin D intake in infancy and season-at-birth affect GMD in early childhood. STUDY DESIGN 3-year follow up study of a single-center trial. SUBJECTS Healthy infants (n = 116) were allocated to 400 (standard-of-care), 800 or 1200 IU/day of vitamin D3 supplementation from 1 to 12 months; n = 70 returned for follow-up at 3-years. OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome was GMD using the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2 which includes gross motor quotient (GMQ) and stationary, locomotion and object manipulation subtests. RESULTS GMQ scores were normal (≥85) in 94 %. An interaction between dosage group and season-at-birth (p = 0.01) was observed for GMQ and stationary standardized score; among winter/spring born children, the 1200 IU/d scored higher vs. 400 and 800 IU/d groups. Object manipulation standardized score was higher (p = 0.04) in children in the 1200 vs. 400 IU/d group, without interaction with season-at-birth. CONCLUSIONS GMD in young children who received 400 IU/d of supplemental vitamin D in infancy is not influenced by season-at-birth. This dose of vitamin D of 400 IU/d as recommended in North America adequately supports GMD. The modest enhancement in GMD with 1200 IU/d in winter/spring born children requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope A Weiler
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada; Nutrition Research Division, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Tom J Hazell
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada; Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Annette Majnemer
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Sina Gallo
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada; Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Celia J Rodd
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Razaghi M, Gharibeh N, Vanstone CA, Sotunde OF, Khamessan A, Wei SQ, McNally D, Rauch F, Jones G, Kimmins S, Weiler HA. Correction of neonatal vitamin D status using 1000 IU vitamin D/d increased lean body mass by 12 months of age compared with 400 IU/d: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 115:1612-1625. [PMID: 35441210 PMCID: PMC9170472 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine exposure to maternal vitamin D status <50 nmol/L of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] may adversely affect infant body composition. Whether postnatal interventions can reprogram for a leaner body phenotype is unknown. OBJECTIVES The primary objective was to test whether 1000 IU/d of supplemental vitamin D (compared with 400 IU/d) improves lean mass in infants born with serum 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L. METHODS Healthy, term, breastfed infants (Montréal, Canada, March 2016-2019) were assessed for serum 25(OH)D (immunoassay) 24-36 h postpartum. Infants with serum 25(OH)D <50nmol/L at 24-36 h were eligible for the trial and randomly assigned at baseline (1 mo postpartum) to 400 (29 males, 20 females) or 1000 IU/d (29 males, 20 females) of vitamin D until 12 mo. Infants (23 males, 18 females) with 25(OH)D ≥50 nmol/L (sufficient) formed a nonrandomized reference group provided 400 IU/d. Anthropometry, body composition (DXA), and serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured at 1, 3, 6, and 12 mo. RESULTS At baseline, mean ± SD serum 25(OH)D concentrations in infants allocated to the 400 and 1000 IU/d vitamin D groups were 45.8 ± 14.1 and 47.6 ± 13.4, respectively; for the reference group it was 69.2 ± 16.4 nmol/L. Serum 25(OH)D concentration increased on average to ≥50 nmol/L in the trial groups at 3-12 mo. Lean mass varied differently between groups over time; at 12 mo it was higher in the 1000 IU/d vitamin D group than in the 400 IU/d group (mean ± SD: 7013 ± 904.6 compared with 6690.4 ± 1121.7 g, P = 0.0428), but not the reference group (mean ± SD: 6715.1 ± 784.6 g, P = 0.19). Whole-body fat mass was not different between the groups over time. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D supplementation (400 or 1000 IU/d) during infancy readily corrects vitamin D status, whereas 1000 IU/d modestly increases lean mass by 12 mo. The long-term implications require further research. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02563015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Razaghi
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Gharibeh
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Catherine A Vanstone
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Olusola F Sotunde
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Ali Khamessan
- Quality & Regulatory Affairs, Europharm International Canada Inc., Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Shu Q Wei
- Quebec National Institute of Public Health (INSPQ), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Dayre McNally
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frank Rauch
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Glenville Jones
- School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Kimmins
- Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Hope A Weiler
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
- Nutrition Research Division, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Razaghi M, Gharibeh N, Vanstone CA, Sotunde OF, Wei SQ, McNally D, Rauch F, Jones G, Weiler HA. Maternal excess adiposity and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 50 nmol/L are associated with elevated whole body fat mass in healthy breastfed neonates. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:83. [PMID: 35093026 PMCID: PMC8801116 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04403-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D status of pregnant women is associated with body composition of the offspring. The objective of this study was to assess whether the association between maternal vitamin D status and neonatal adiposity is modified by maternal adiposity preconception. METHODS Healthy mothers and their term appropriate weight for gestational age (AGA) infants (n = 142; 59% male, Greater Montreal, March 2016-2019) were studied at birth and 1 month postpartum (2-6 weeks). Newborn (24-36 h) serum was collected to measure total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] (immunoassay); maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was obtained from the medical record. Anthropometry, body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and serum 25(OH)D were measured at 2-6 weeks postpartum in mothers and infants. Mothers were grouped into 4 categories based on their vitamin D status (sufficient 25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L vs. at risk of being insufficient < 50 nmol/L) and pre-pregnancy BMI (< 25 vs. ≥25 kg/m2): insufficient-recommended weight (I-RW, n = 24); insufficient-overweight/obese (I-OW/O, n = 21); sufficient-recommended weight (S-RW, n = 69); and sufficient-overweight/obese (S-OW/O, n = 28). Partial correlation and linear fixed effects model were used while adjusting for covariates. RESULTS At birth, infant serum 25(OH)D mean concentrations were below 50 nmol/L, the cut-point for sufficiency, for both maternal pre-pregnancy BMI categories; 47.8 [95%CI: 43.8, 51.9] nmol/L if BMI < 25 kg/m2 and 38.1 [95%CI: 33.5, 42.7] nmol/L if BMI ≥25 kg/m2. Infant serum 25(OH)D concentrations at birth (r = 0.77; P < 0.0001) and 1 month (r = 0.59, P < 0.0001) were positively correlated with maternal postpartum serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Maternal serum 25(OH)D concentration was weakly correlated with maternal percent whole body fat mass (r = - 0.26, P = 0.002). Infants of mothers in I-OW/O had higher fat mass versus those of mothers in S-OW/O (914.0 [95%CI: 766.4, 1061.6] vs. 780.7 [95%CI: 659.3, 902.0] g; effect size [Hedges' g: 0.42]; P = 0.04 adjusting for covariates) with magnitude of difference of 220.4 g or ~ 28% difference. CONCLUSIONS Maternal and neonatal vitamin D status are positively correlated. In this study, maternal adiposity and serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L are dual exposures for neonatal adiposity. These findings reinforce the importance of vitamin D supplementation early in infancy irrespective of vitamin D stores acquired in utero and maternal weight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Razaghi
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Gharibeh
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Catherine A Vanstone
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Olusola F Sotunde
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Shu Qin Wei
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Dayre McNally
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frank Rauch
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Glenville Jones
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hope A Weiler
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada.
- Nutrition Research Division, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Room E338, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada.
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Slim M, Vanstone CA, Morin SN, Rahme E, Bacon SL, Weiler HA. Evaluation of Increasing Dairy Intake on Bone Density in Post-pubertal Youth: A Randomized Controlled Trial Using Motivational Interviewing. J Nutr 2022; 152:1031-1041. [PMID: 36967160 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adequate nutrition is important for bone health, especially for bone mineral accretion. OBJECTIVE The primary objective tested whether increasing dairy intake using the motivational interviewing technique (MInt) improves lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral density (BMD) after 2 years in post-pubertal adolescents with habitual dairy intake of < 2 dairy servings/day. DESIGN Participants (14-18.9 y) were randomized to: Group 1 (control), group 2 (target of 3 dairy servings/d), or group 3 (target of ≥ 4 dairy servings/d) for 12 months with groups 2 and 3 using MInt, with an additional 12-month non-intervention follow-up. The primay outcome was LS BMD, and secondary outcomes: whole body (WB), total hip (TH), and 33% distal radius BMD using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, bone geometry using peripheral quantitative computed tomography, and bone biomarkers. RESULTS Ninety-four adolescents (16.6 ± 1.5 y) were recruited. Seventy-six (80.9%) completed the 12-month assessments. From baseline to 12 months, dairy intake in female groups 2 and 3 increased by 107% and 208%, respectively; and by 48% and 153% in males of group 2 and 3, respectively. In females, group 3 had greater increases in THBMD (4.3 to 7.5%) compared to control (3.7 to 4.9%, P = 0.04) and group 2 (0.0 to 1.7%, P = 0.04) at 12 and 24 months. No effects due to dairy intake were observed for DXA outcomes in males or radial and tibial volumetric BMD in both sexes. None of the bone biomarkers were different among the dairy groups in females or males. CONCLUSION MInt effectively increased dairy intake with benefits to bone health only in female adolescents with previously low calcium intake who consumed 4 dairy serving or more/day for 12 months. Larger studies are required to explain the lack of intervention effect in males.This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as. NCT02236871.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Slim
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC
| | | | - Suzanne N Morin
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC
| | - Elham Rahme
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC
| | - Simon L Bacon
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC.,Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, CIUSSS-NIM, Montreal, QC
| | - Hope A Weiler
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC
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Gharibeh N, Gallo S, Sotunde OF, Vanstone CA, Rodd CJ, Weiler HA. Patterns of Bone Mineral Accretion and Sex Differences in Healthy Term Vitamin D Replete and Breastfed Infants From Montreal, Canada: Bone Mass Reference Data. J Clin Densitom 2022; 25:43-53. [PMID: 34479797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Infancy is a period of rapid bone growth and mineral accretion; nonetheless, reference data remain scarce for this age group. The purpose of this report is to generate reference data for bone mass in breastfed vitamin D replete infants and investigate patterns of bone mineral accretion and sex differences. This is a secondary analysis from a double-blinded randomized controlled trial (NCT00381914). Healthy term breastfed (exclusively or mixed) infants were randomized to different doses of oral vitamin D supplementation (400-1600 IU/d) and followed prospectively from 1 to 12 mo. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (LC-MS/MS), bone mineral content (BMC; whole body (WB) and lumbar spine (LS)) and bone mineral density (BMD; LS) were measured at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 mo by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (Hologic Discovery 4500A) with no effect of supplementation on bone outcomes. For the purpose of this analysis, 63 infants with adequate plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D ≥ 50 nmol/L at baseline, were included. Differences over time and between sexes were tested using mixed model repeated measures ANOVA. Infants (31 males, 32 females) were 39.5 ± 1.1 wk gestational age at birth and appropriate for gestational age. WB BMC, LS BMC, and LS BMD increased by 143.2%, 116.8%, and 31.1% respectively across infancy. WB BMC was higher (4.2% - 9.4%; p = 0.03) in males than in females across the study. After adjusting WB BMC for weight, length or head BMC, sex differences were not evident. LS BMC and LS BMD did not vary by sex. LS BMD growth charts for both sexes combined, were generated using LMS chartmaker. WB BMC more than doubles during the first year of life confirming the importance of skeletal growth and the need for age-specific reference data in infancy. Sex differences in BMC, if any, are mostly driven by differences in body size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Gharibeh
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Sina Gallo
- Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Olusola F Sotunde
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Catherine A Vanstone
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Celia J Rodd
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hope A Weiler
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada; Nutrition Research Division, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada..
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Gharibeh N, Razaghi M, Vanstone CA, Wei S, McNally D, Rauch F, Jones G, Kaufmann M, Weiler HA. Maternal Vitamin D Status and Gestational Weight Gain as Correlates of Neonatal Bone Mass in Healthy Term Breastfed Young Infants from Montreal, Canada. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124189. [PMID: 34959742 PMCID: PMC8708298 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The implications of maternal gestational weight gain (GWG) and vitamin D status to neonatal bone health are unclear. We tested whether maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and GWG relate to neonatal bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD). Healthy term appropriate for gestational age breastfed neonates (n = 142) and their mothers were recruited 24–36 h after delivery and followed at 1.0 ± 0.5 month. At birth, obstetric data were collected and newborn serum 25(OH)D was measured. At 1 month, neonatal whole-body (WB) BMC, WB BMC relative to body weight (WB BMC/kg), lumbar spine BMC and BMD, maternal and neonatal 25(OH)D concentrations, and anthropometry were measured. Infant BMC and BMD between maternal 25(OH)D (<50, ≥50 nmol/L) and GWG (insufficient, adequate, and excessive) categories were compared. Maternal 25(OH)D was not related to infant whole-body BMC, BMC/kg, lumbar spine BMC, and BMD. Infants in the excessive maternal GWG category had greater (p = 0.0003) whole-body BMC and BMC/kg and lumbar spine BMC and BMD than inadequate GWG, and greater (p = 0.0063) whole-body BMC/kg and lumbar spine BMC and BMD than adequate GWG. These results suggest that maternal GWG, but not vitamin D status, modestly relates to bone mass in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Gharibeh
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (N.G.); (M.R.); (C.A.V.)
| | - Maryam Razaghi
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (N.G.); (M.R.); (C.A.V.)
| | - Catherine A. Vanstone
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (N.G.); (M.R.); (C.A.V.)
| | - ShuQin Wei
- Institut National de santé Publique du Québec, Montréal, QC G1V 5B3, Canada;
| | - Dayre McNally
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada;
| | - Frank Rauch
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Montréal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada;
| | - Glenville Jones
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (G.J.); (M.K.)
| | - Martin Kaufmann
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (G.J.); (M.K.)
| | - Hope A. Weiler
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (N.G.); (M.R.); (C.A.V.)
- Nutrition Research Division, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-613-297-6158
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11
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Weiler HA, Vanstone CA, Razaghi M, Gharibeh N, Patel S, Wei SQ, McNally D. Disparities in Vitamin D Status of Newborn Infants from a Diverse Sociodemographic Population in Montreal, Canada. J Nutr 2021; 152:255-268. [PMID: 34612495 PMCID: PMC8754562 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D status at birth is reliant on maternal-fetal transfer of vitamin D during gestation. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the vitamin D status of newborn infants in a diverse population and to subsequently identify the modifiable correlates of vitamin D status. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, healthy mother-infant dyads (n = 1035) were recruited within 36 h after term delivery (March 2016-March 2019). Demographic and lifestyle factors were surveyed. Newborn serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured (standardized chemiluminescence immunoassay) and categorized as deficient [serum 25(OH)D <30 nmol/L] or adequate (≥40 nmol/L). Serum 25(OH)D was compared among categories of maternal characteristics using ANOVA; each characteristic was tested in a separate model. Subgroups (use of multivitamins preconception and continued in pregnancy compared with during pregnancy only) were matched (n = 352/group) for maternal factors (ancestry, age, income, education, parity, and prepregnancy BMI) using propensity scores; logistic regression models were generated for odds of deficiency or adequacy. RESULTS Infants' mean serum 25(OH)D was 45.9 nmol/L (95% CI: 44.7, 47.0 nmol/L) (n = 1035), with 20.8% (95% CI: 18.3%, 23.2%) deficient and 60.7% (95% CI: 55.2%, 66.2%) adequate. Deficiency prevalence ranged from 14.6% of white infants to 41.7% of black infants. Serum 25(OH)D was higher (P < 0.0001) in infants of mothers with higher income, BMI < 25 kg/m2, exercise and sun exposure in pregnancy, and use of multivitamins preconception. In the matched-subgroup analysis, multivitamin supplementation preconception plus during pregnancy relative to only during pregnancy was associated with lower odds for vitamin D deficiency (ORadj: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.86) and higher odds for adequate vitamin D status (ORadj: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.07). CONCLUSIONS In this study most newborn infants had adequate vitamin D status, yet one-fifth were vitamin D deficient with disparities between population groups. Guidelines for a healthy pregnancy recommend maternal use of multivitamins preconception and continuing in pregnancy. An emphasis on preconception use may help to achieve adequate neonatal vitamin D status.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02563015.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine A Vanstone
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Maryam Razaghi
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Gharibeh
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Sharina Patel
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Shu Q Wei
- Québec National Institute of Public Health, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Dayre McNally
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Gharibeh N, Gallo S, Sotunde OF, Vanstone CA, Rodd CJ, Weiler HA. No Sex Differences in Bone Mineral Accretion From 1 to 12 Months of Age Among a Sample of Healthy Term Breastfed Infants From Montreal, Canada. Curr Dev Nutr 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab046_046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
To investigate sex differences in bone mass including whole body (WB) bone mineral content (BMC), lumbar spine (LS) BMC and LS bone mineral density (BMD) during infancy.
Methods
This is a secondary analysis of data from a double-blinded randomized clinical trial (NCT00381914), in which healthy term breastfed infants were randomized to 1 of 4 doses of oral vitamin D supplementation (400−1600 IU/d) at 1 mo of age (+/− 2 wk). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and BMC and BMD using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (Hologic) were measured at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 mo of age (+/- 2 wk). No effect of supplementation on BMC (WB and LS) and BMD (LS) was reported in the primary study. Infants (32 males (M), 31 females (F)) with baseline serum 25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L, based on the Institute of Medicine's cutoff in support of bone health, were included in this secondary analysis. Differences between sexes over time in BMC and BMD were tested using mixed model repeated measures ANOVA accounting for the fixed effects of sex, time, and sex*time and the random effect of infant ID, with Tukey multiple comparison test.
Results
Infants were on average 39.5 ± 1.1 wk gestational age, with weight for age z-score of 0.40 ± 0.97 at birth. There were no differences between sexes in mineral accretion rates of the WB (M: 12.94 ± 8.83, F: 12.20 ± 7.71 g/mo; p = 0.36) and at the LS (M: 0.26 ± 0.28, F: 0.22 ± 0.31 g/mo; p = 0.33) between 1 to 12 mo of age, but M had higher overall WB BMC than F (166.16 ± 57.30 vs. 153.34 ± 50.06 g, p = 0.03). When adjusted for weight or length, no sex differences were observed over time in WB BMC per weight (M: 22.02 ± 2.29, F: 22.20 ± 2.27 g/kg; p = 0.58) and WB BMC per length (M: 2.47 ± 0.60, F: 2.34 ± 0.53 g/cm, p = 0.06). Similarly, when using the WB less head BMC measurement, no sex differences were observed (M: 84.80 ± 30.24, F: 78.41 ± 7.57 g; p = 0.07). In addition, LS BMC (M: 3.77 ± 1.34, F: 3.75 ± 0.22 g; p = 0.93) and LS BMD (M: 0.273 ± 0.051, F: 0.284 ± 0.054 g/m2; p = 0.10) did not vary by sex.
Conclusions
Sex differences in BMC in infancy, if any, are mostly driven by infant size. Based on BMC and accretion rates, sex-specific normative data do not appear required during infancy.
Funding Sources
Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Nutricia Research Foundation, and the Canadian Foundation for Innovation.
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13
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Razaghi M, Vanstone CA, Gharibeh N, Sotunde OF, Wei S, McNally D, Rauch F, Jones G, Kimmins S, Weiler HA. Insufficient Vitamin D Status at Birth Is Corrected by Vitamin D Supplementation (1000 IU/Day) With Increases in Lean Mass Evident at 12 Months of Age in Healthy Term Infants. Curr Dev Nutr 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab046_101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The primary objective was to test whether rapid correction of insufficient vitamin D status initiated in the neonatal period improves whole-body lean mass across infancy.
Methods
This was a double-blinded, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial (NCT02563015). Healthy term breastfed infants of appropriate weight for gestational age (AGA) were recruited from Montreal (March 2016–2019). Capillary blood was collected (24–36 h) for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] measurement (Liaison, Diasorin Inc.). Infants with serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L were randomized to receive 400 (group 1, n = 49) or 1000 IU/d (group 2, n = 49) until 12 mo of age. Those with 25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L were recruited to form a reference group, receiving 400 IU/d (group 3, n = 41). Anthropometry, body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), and 25(OH)D concentrations were assessed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 mo. Differences between trial and reference groups were tested using mixed model repeated measures ANOVA adjusting for maternal pregnancy weight gain, infant sex, skin color, actual age at assessment, and breastfeeding status. Data are mean ± SD.
Results
Infants (81 males, 58 females) were 39.6 ± 1.0 wk GA and 3388 ± 372 g at birth. By design, infants in group 1 and 2 had lower serum 25(OH)D concentrations at birth compared to group 3 (31.1 ± 9.3, 34.4 ± 12.0 vs. 68.0 ± 13.2 nmol/L, respectively, P < 0.0001). On average, both trial groups achieved and maintained vitamin D sufficiency (25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L) from 3 to 12 mo. Lean mass was not different among groups at baseline, but at 12 mo was higher in group 2 compared to group 1 (7012.5 ± 904.6 vs. 6690.4 ± 1121.7 g, P = 0.0075; 4.8% difference), and not different from the reference group (7012.5 ± 904.6 vs. 6715.1 ± 784.6 g, P = 0.2882). Weight, length, and whole-body fat mass were not different among groups at any time-point.
Conclusions
Vitamin D supplementation (400 and 1000 IU/d) corrects insufficient stores, whereas the higher dosage of 1000 IU/d, modestly increases lean mass of otherwise healthy AGA term born infants by 12 mo of age without altering weight or length. These data concur with observations in weanling rats where increased vitamin D intakes elevated lean mass. The long-term benefits require further research.
Funding Sources
Funded by Canadian Institutes of Health Research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shuqin Wei
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec
| | - Dayre McNally
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario
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14
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Mak IL, Cohen TR, Vanstone CA, Weiler HA. Increased adiposity in children with obesity is associated with low red blood cell omega-3 fatty acid status and inadequate polyunsaturated fatty acid dietary intake. Pediatr Obes 2020; 15:e12689. [PMID: 32662950 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The association between total dietary fat intake and measures of body fatness in children with obesity remains inconsistent. This study aimed to determine whether dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) and LCPUFA status relate to body composition in children with obesity. Children (n = 63, 9.0 ± 0.2 year, BMI Z-score 3.1 ± 0.2) were divided into tertiles of percentage body fat assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Diet was assessed 3-days food diaries. Fatty acid proportions in red blood cells (RBC) were measured by gas chromatography. Data stratified by sex and Tanner stages were compared with a MIXED model ANOVA. Associations between RBC fatty acid status and dietary intakes were examined with Spearman correlation. Moderate correlations were observed between RBC eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) proportions, dietary EPA and DHA (r = 0.39, P < .05) as well as fish servings (r = 0.33, P < .05). Dietary LCPUFA did not differ among tertiles. Children in tertile 3 had lower RBC α-linolenic acid (-40%) and EPA + DHA (-15%) proportions adjusted for age, Tanner stages and race compared with tertile 1. The lower omega-3 LCPUFA status in children with greater adiposity is consistent with suboptimal intakes of omega-3 LCPUFA and fish in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy L Mak
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tamara R Cohen
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Hope A Weiler
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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15
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Sotunde OF, Gallo S, Vanstone CA, Weiler HA. Normative Data for Lean Mass and Fat Mass in Healthy Predominantly Breast-Fed Term Infants From 1 Month to 1 Year of Age. J Clin Densitom 2020; 23:264-270. [PMID: 30196053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A leaner body phenotype in infancy plays an important role in the early life prevention of obesity. However, there is a dearth of reference data for body composition in infancy. This study aimed to create a normative reference dataset for lean (LM) and fat (FM) mass and accretion rates in healthy infants. METHODS Healthy term-born infants (35 boys; 35 girls) were studied at ≤ 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 mo of age for growth and compared to World Health Organization standards. LM (g) and FM (g) were measured using DXA (APEX version 13.3:3, Hologic 4500A) in infant whole-body mode. Sex specific reference curves were generated using the LMS method (LMSchartmaker, Medical Research Council, UK). RESULTS Infants were predominantly white (82.9%), breastfed (98.4% ≥ 3 mo), and grew in length and weight within World Health Organization Z-score ranges for normal growth across infancy. LM accretion was 327.4 ± 12.5 g/mo representing 95% increment in LM. Boys had more LM compared to girls at 12 mo (7807.4 ± 1114.0 vs 6817.4 ± 1016.1 g; p = 0.008). FM accretion was 114.3 ± 12.0 g/mo representing 114% increment in FM with no difference between the sexes. CONCLUSIONS This data, which is based on a healthy sample of infants, characterizes LM and FM accretion during the first year of life and will aid in the interpretation of body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusola F Sotunde
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Sina Gallo
- Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University Fairfax, VA, USA
| | | | - Hope A Weiler
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada;.
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16
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Mak IL, Cohen TR, Vanstone CA, Weiler HA. Arachidonic acid status negatively associates with forearm bone outcomes and glucose homeostasis in children with an overweight condition or obesity. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:146-154. [PMID: 31269410 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are implicated in musculoskeletal health in adults. This study examined whether fatty acid status relates to bone health outcomes in children with overweight condition or obesity (body mass index z score, 3.1 ± 0.1; age, 9.0 ± 0.2 years; n = 108). Nondominant forearm bone density (distal one-third), geometry (4% site), and soft tissue composition (66%) were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Red blood cell (RBC) fatty acid profile and indices of glucose homeostasis were measured. Differences in outcomes among RBC arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4n-6) tertiles were tested using mixed-model ANOVA. Ultra-, mid-, and total-distal forearm bone mineral content, adjusted for sex, age, percentage body fat, race, and forearm length, were 10% to 13% greater in children in the first AA tertile relative to the third. Children in the second tertile had the highest bone cross-sectional area and estimated strength at the 66% radius. Muscle cross-sectional area was 15% lower in the third tertile compared with the first, along with higher fasting insulin concentrations (27%) and homeostasis model of assessment estimate of insulin resistance (31%). Higher RBC AA status aligns with deficits in forearm bone mass, geometry, and muscle mass in children with excess adiposity and early signs of insulin resistance. Novelty Higher arachidonic acid status is associated with lower forearm bone mass in children with overweight condition or obesity. Children with higher arachidonic acid status had increased fasting insulin concentrations and indices of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy L Mak
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Tamara R Cohen
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Catherine A Vanstone
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Hope A Weiler
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
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17
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Slim M, Ha C, Vanstone CA, Morin SN, Rahme E, Weiler HA. Evaluation of plasma and erythrocyte fatty acids C15:0, t-C16:1n-7 and C17:0 as biomarkers of dairy fat consumption in adolescents. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 149:24-29. [PMID: 31421524 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pentadecanoic (C15:0), heptadecanoic (C17:0) and trans-palmitoleic (t-C16:1n-7) fatty acids (FAs) are often used as biomarkers for dairy fat in adults. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dairy product intake and these FAs in adolescents. MATERIAL AND METHODS Healthy adolescents were randomized to one of three groups (Group 1: control; Group 2: consume 3 dairy servings/day; and Group 3: consume ≥ 4 servings/d). C15:0, C17:0 and t-C16:1n-7 were quantified using gas chromatography. Dietary intakes were assessed by 24 h diet recalls. RESULTS No difference was observed in FAs at baseline or 6 months (mo), however, at 12 mo, erythrocyte C15:0 increased in group 3 (+0.37 µg/ml, p = 0.01). Dairy intake increased in both intervention groups (Group 2: +1.4 servings/d; Group 3: +2.4 servings/d, p < 0.0001) and positively correlated with erythrocyte C15:0 at 12 mo. CONCLUSION Erythrocyte FAs appear to be associated with increasing dairy intakes during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Slim
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - C Ha
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - C A Vanstone
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - S N Morin
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - E Rahme
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - H A Weiler
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
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Farahnak Z, Yuan Y, Vanstone CA, Weiler HA. Maternal and neonatal red blood cell n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids inversely associate with infant whole-body fat mass assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 45:318-326. [PMID: 31437414 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Research regarding polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) status and body composition in neonates is limited. This study tested the relationship between newborn docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) status and body composition. Healthy mothers and their term-born infants (n = 100) were studied within 1 month postpartum for anthropometry and whole-body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Maternal and infant red blood cell (RBC) membrane PUFA profiles were measured using gas chromatography (expressed as percentage of total fatty acids). Data were grouped according to infant RBC DHA quartiles and tested for differences in n-3 status and infant body composition using mixed-model ANOVA, Spearman correlations, and regression analyses (P < 0.05). Mothers were 32.2 ± 4.6 years (mean ± SD) of age, infants (54% males) were 0.68 ± 0.23 month of age, and 80% exclusively breastfed. Infant RBC DHA (ranged 3.96% to 7.75% of total fatty acids) inversely associated with infant fat mass (r = -0.22, P = 0.03). Infant and maternal RBC n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (r2 = 0.28, P = 0.043; r2 = 0.28, P = 0.041 respectively) were positively associated with fat mass. These results demonstrate that both maternal and infant long-chain PUFA status are associated with neonatal body composition. Novelty Our findings support an early window to further explore the relationship between infant n-3 PUFA status and body composition. Maternal and infant n-3 PUFA status is inversely related to neonatal whole-body fat mass. DHA appears to be the best candidate to test in the development of a lean body phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Farahnak
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.,School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Ye Yuan
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.,School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Catherine A Vanstone
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.,School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Hope A Weiler
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.,School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
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19
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Brett NR, Lavery P, Agellon S, Vanstone CA, Goruk S, Field CJ, Weiler HA. Vitamin D Status and Immune Health Outcomes in a Cross-Sectional Study and a Randomized Trial of Healthy Young Children. Nutrients 2018; 10:E680. [PMID: 29861487 PMCID: PMC6024793 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In young children, the relationship between vitamin D and biomarkers of immune function is not well elucidated. The objective was to investigate relationships between vitamin D and immune function in young children. Data were from a cross-sectional study (study 1) of healthy children 1.8⁻5.9 years (n = 457) and a 12 weeks trial using vitamin D fortified foods (study 2) in healthy 1.8⁻8.7 years old (n = 77) in Montreal, Canada. Vitamin D status and ex vivo immune function were assessed. In study 1 (male: n = 242; 53%), plasma IL-6, TNFα and CRP were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in children with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) ≥ 75 nmol/L compared to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil R Brett
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Rd, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Paula Lavery
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Rd, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Sherry Agellon
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Rd, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Catherine A Vanstone
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Rd, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Susan Goruk
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-126a Li Ka Shing Center for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-126a Li Ka Shing Center for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
| | - Hope A Weiler
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Rd, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
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20
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Brett NR, Parks CA, Lavery P, Agellon S, Vanstone CA, Kaufmann M, Jones G, Maguire JL, Rauch F, Weiler HA. Vitamin D status and functional health outcomes in children aged 2-8 y: a 6-mo vitamin D randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 107:355-364. [PMID: 29566192 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqx062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most Canadian children do not meet the recommended dietary intake for vitamin D. Objectives The aims were to test how much vitamin D from food is needed to maintain a healthy serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] status from fall to spring in young children and to examine musculoskeletal outcomes. Design Healthy children aged 2-8 y (n = 51) living in Montreal, Canada, were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 dietary vitamin D groups (control or intervention to reach 400 IU/d by using vitamin D-fortified foods) for 6 mo, starting October 2014. At baseline and at 3 and 6 mo, anthropometric characteristics, vitamin D metabolites (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry), and bone biomarkers (IDS-iSYS, Immunodiagnositc Systems; Liaison; Diasorin) were measured and physical activity and food intakes surveyed. At baseline and at 6 mo, bone outcomes and body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were measured. Cross-sectional images of distal tibia geometry and muscle density were conducted with the use of peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans at 6 mo. Results At baseline, participants were aged 5.2 ± 1.9 (mean ± SD) y and had a body mass index z score of 0.65 ± 0.12; 53% of participants were boys. There were no differences between groups in baseline serum 25(OH)D3 (66.4 ± 13.6 nmol/L) or vitamin D intake (225 ± 74 IU/d). Median (IQR) compliance was 96% (89-99%) for yogurt and 84% (71-97%) for cheese. At 3 mo, serum 25(OH)D3 was higher in the intervention group (P < 0.05) but was not different between groups by 6 mo. Although lean mass accretion was higher in the intervention group (P < 0.05), no differences in muscle density or bone outcomes were observed. Conclusions The consumption of 400 IU vitamin D/d from fall to spring did not maintain serum 25(OH)D3 concentration or improve bone outcomes. Further work with lean mass accretion as the primary outcome is needed to confirm if vitamin D enhances lean accretion in healthy young children. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02387892.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil R Brett
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Colleen A Parks
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paula Lavery
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sherry Agellon
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine A Vanstone
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martin Kaufmann
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Glenville Jones
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathon L Maguire
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frank Rauch
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hope A Weiler
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
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21
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Cohen TR, Hazell TJ, Vanstone CA, Rodd C, Weiler HA. Bone Health is Maintained, While Fat Mass is Reduced in Pre-pubertal Children with Obesity Participating in a 1-Year Family-Centered Lifestyle Intervention. Calcif Tissue Int 2017; 101:612-622. [PMID: 28866763 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0318-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diet and physical activity (PA) influence bone health in children. This study tested whether increasing milk and milk products and weight-bearing types of PA favorably changed bone outcomes assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bone biomarkers in children with obesity participating in a 1-year family-centered lifestyle intervention. Children were randomized to one of three groups: Control (Ctrl; no intervention), Standard treatment (StnTx: two servings milk and milk products/day; meet PA guidelines plus weight-bearing PA three times/week), or Modified treatment (ModTx: four servings milk and milk products/day; meet PA guidelines plus daily weight-bearing PA). Baseline and 12-month measurements included DXA scans for whole body (WB), lumbar spine (LS), lumbar lateral spine (LLS), and ultra-distal (UD) ulna + radius for bone mineral content (BMC), areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and BMD z-scores. Fat mass index (FMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI), and biomarkers of bone metabolism were assessed. Seventy-eight children 6-8 years old were recruited (mean body mass index for-age z-score: 3.3 ± 1.2). Compared to baseline, all groups increased BMC of WB, LS, and LLS (p < 0.001), whereas only StnTx increased UD ulna + radius BMC at 12 months (p < 0.05). At 12 months, WB-BMD z-scores were significantly lower in Ctrl (p < 0.05), whereas WB and LLS aBMD increased in StnTx and ModTx (p < 0.001) but not in Ctrl. All groups increased FFMI (p < 0.001), while only Ctrl increased FMI (p < 0.001). Bone biomarkers did not change over time. Participating in a family-centered lifestyle intervention based on Canadian diet and PA guidelines maintained bone health in obese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara R Cohen
- School of Human Nutrition, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Rd, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Tom J Hazell
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Catherine A Vanstone
- School of Human Nutrition, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Rd, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Celia Rodd
- Children's Hospital, University of Manitoba, FW302-685 William Ave, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0Z2, Canada
| | - Hope A Weiler
- School of Human Nutrition, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Rd, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
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22
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Parks CA, Brett NR, Agellon S, Lavery P, Vanstone CA, Maguire JL, Rauch F, Weiler HA. DHA and EPA in red blood cell membranes are associated with dietary intakes of omega-3-rich fish in healthy children. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 124:11-16. [PMID: 28870372 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) are important in child development. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the associations between dietary intakes of n-3 LCPUFA and red blood cell (RBC) n-3 LCPUFA in young children. Healthy children, (2-8y) underwent RBC fatty acid profiling. Dietary intakes were parent-reported over 6 mo using three 24h dietary intake assessments and three 30 d food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). Participants (n = 49, 5.6 ± 1.9y), were 59% male, and had a body mass index (BMI) z-score of 0.65 ± 0.84. Dietary n-3 LCPUFA intakes were not different over time. RBC docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) positively correlated with average DHA from the 24h recalls. RBC DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) positively correlated with average n-3 LCPUFA-rich fish intake from the FFQ. RBC appear to reflect long-term stable intakes of n-3 LCPUFA during growth in healthy young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen A Parks
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Neil R Brett
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Sherry Agellon
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Paula Lavery
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | | | - Jonathon L Maguire
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Frank Rauch
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hope A Weiler
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada.
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23
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Hazell TJ, Gallo S, Vanstone CA, Agellon S, Rodd C, Weiler HA. Vitamin D supplementation trial in infancy: body composition effects at 3 years of age in a prospective follow-up study from Montréal. Pediatr Obes 2017; 12:38-47. [PMID: 26843140 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of vitamin D status on body composition is not well understood. OBJECTIVES Evaluate how vitamin D supplementation in infancy affects body composition at 3 years of age. METHODS Double-blind randomized trial of 132, 1-month-old healthy, breastfed infants randomly assigned to receive oral vitamin D3 supplements of 400, 800, 1200 or 1600 IU d-1 for 11 months. In the present analysis, 87 (66%) returned at 3 years of age. Body composition was measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Anthropometry, body composition, diet, activity and demographics were similar across dosage groups at 3 years. Mean 25(OH)D concentration from 1 month to 3 years was higher (P < 0.001) in the 1200 IU group than 800 and 400 IU groups. Children with 25(OH)D concentrations above 75 nmol L-1 had lower fat mass (~450 g; P = 0.049). In multiple linear regression, mean 25(OH)D was associated with lean mass percent (β = 0.06; CI: 0.00, 0.12; P = 0.042), fat mass (β = -11.29; CI: -22.06, -0.52; P = 0.048) and body fat percent (β = -0.06; CI: -0.12, -0.01; P = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS Higher vitamin D status from infancy through to 3 years of age associates with leaner body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Hazell
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - S Gallo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VI, USA
| | - C A Vanstone
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - S Agellon
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - C Rodd
- Winnipeg Children's Hospital, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - H A Weiler
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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24
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Cohen TR, Hazell TJ, Vanstone CA, Rodd C, Weiler HA. A family-centered lifestyle intervention for obese six- to eight-year-old children: Results from a one-year randomized controlled trial conducted in Montreal, Canada. Can J Public Health 2016; 107:e453-e460. [PMID: 28026713 DOI: 10.17269/cjph.107.5470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Childhood obesity interventions should be family-centered and focused on lifestyle behaviours that achieve sustainable reductions in adiposity. The primary objective of this randomized controlled trial was to test a family-centered lifestyle intervention using Canada's Food and Physical Activity (PA) Guidelines to reduce body mass index-for-age z-scores (BAZ) in overweight and obese (OW/OB) children. METHODS Children (n = 78; ages 6-8.5 years) were randomized to standard (StnTx) or modified (ModTx) interventions or control (Ctrl). Measurements at baseline and every three months for one year included: anthropometry, BAZ, waist circumference (WC), and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans for percent body fat (%BF), fat mass (FM) and trunk fat mass. Fatty acids measured by gas chromatography were used to assess compliance to the milk and alternatives interventions during the first six months. Six intervention sessions were based on Canada's Food and PA Guidelines and individualized to meet the needs of the family. ModTx were advised to consume four milk and alternatives/day versus the recommended two (StnTx) and to preferentially engage in daily weight-bearing PA. Ctrl were provided the guidelines. RESULTS Baseline anthropometry did not differ among groups. At 12 months (n = 73), all groups increased height (p < 0.001) and lean mass (p < 0.001). ModTx decreased BAZ (p < 0.001); %BF decreased in ModTx (p = 0.018), but not in StnTx (p = 0.997) or Ctrl (p = 0.998). FM, WC and trunk fat mass all significantly increased in Ctrl (p < 0.001). At baseline and three months, fatty acids did not differ among groups, however they did decrease in ModTx at six months [C14:0 (-0.07%, p = 0.053), C15:0 (-0.04%, p = 0.049), C17:0 (-0.09%, p = 0.036)]. CONCLUSION Participating in a family centered-lifestyle intervention that focused on Canadian dietary and PA Guidelines and emphasized increasing milk and alternatives and weight-bearing PA had positive effects on reducing adiposity in OW/OB children. Guidelines are appropriate for the obese pediatric population but need to be individualized to meet the needs of the family. Additional studies are warranted to test the use of biochemical indices to assess compliance to milk and alternative intakes in OW/OB children participating in lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara R Cohen
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Macdonald Campus, McGill University.
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25
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Hazell TJ, Ellery CVL, Cohen TR, Vanstone CA, Rodd CJ, Weiler HA. Assessment of pedometer accuracy in capturing habitual types of physical activities in overweight and obese children. Pediatr Res 2016; 80:686-692. [PMID: 27486704 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there is a limited amount of research exploring physical activity measurement tools in overweight and obese (OW/OB) children using pedometers. Thus, our objective was to determine the accuracy of one spring-levered (SC-T2) and two piezoelectric pedometers (NL-1000 and Piezo) in OW/OB children. METHODS A total of 26 boys and 34 girls (n = 60) participated. Pedometer step-counts were compared to observed step counts for walking (walking, stair ascent and decent) and hopping tests. Pedometer accuracies were compared with Friedman tests while Bland-Altman plots were used to establish the accuracy of each pedometer against direct observations. RESULTS Boys (n = 26) and females (n = 34) were 96 and 91% OB, respectively. The two piezoelectric pedometers (NL-1000 and Piezo) were accurate for walking and stair climbing tasks, however all pedometers were inaccurate for hopping tests. Averaged over all three walking activities, the NL-1000 was the most accurate with 6.7% median error (interquartile range (IQR): 0.0-13.3); followed by the Piezo with 10.0% median error (IQR: 3.3-18.1); SC-T2 was the least accurate with -14.7% median error (IQR: -54.8-3.5). CONCLUSION These results support the use of the piezoelectric pedometers for walking and stair climbing types of activities, which are typical for OW/OB children in a nonlaboratory setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom J Hazell
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Caitlin V L Ellery
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Tamara R Cohen
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Catherine A Vanstone
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Celia J Rodd
- Children's Hospital, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hope A Weiler
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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26
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Gallo S, Hazell T, Vanstone CA, Agellon S, Jones G, L'Abbé M, Rodd C, Weiler HA. Vitamin D supplementation in breastfed infants from Montréal, Canada: 25-hydroxyvitamin D and bone health effects from a follow-up study at 3 years of age. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:2459-66. [PMID: 26968165 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3549-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Whether infant vitamin D supplementation may have long-term bone benefits is unclear. In this study, breastfed infants who received vitamin dosages greater than 400 IU/day did not have higher bone mineralization at 3 years. This study provides important data to inform pediatric public health recommendations for vitamin D. INTRODUCTION North American health agencies recommend breastfed infants should be supplemented with 400 IU of vitamin D/day to support bone health. Few studies examined the long-term benefits of early life vitamin D supplementation on bone mineralization. The objective of this study was to determine if a dose-response relationship exists between infant vitamin D supplementation, vitamin D status, and bone outcomes at 3 years of age. METHODS This was a double-blind randomized trial of 132, 1-month-old healthy, breastfed infants from Montréal, Canada, between 2007 and 2010. In this longitudinal analysis, 87 infants (66 %) returned for follow-up at 3 years of age, between 2010 and 2013. At 1 month of age, participants were randomly assigned to receive oral cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) supplements of 400, 800, 1200, or 1600 IU/day until 12 months of age. Lumbar spine vertebrae 1-4 (LS) bone mineral density (BMD), LS and whole body bone mineral content (BMC), and mineral accretion were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at 3 years. RESULTS At follow-up, the treatment groups were similar in terms of diet, sun exposure, and demographics. There were no significant differences among the groups in LS or whole body BMC, BMD, or accretion. Although, 25(OH)D concentrations were not different among the groups, higher doses (1200 and 1600 IU/day) achieved higher 25(OH)D area under the curve from 1 to 36 months vs. 400 IU/day. CONCLUSIONS This is the first longitudinal follow-up of an infant vitamin D dose-response study which examines bone mineralization at 3 years of age. Dosages higher than 400 IU/day do not appear to provide additional benefits to the bone at follow-up. Larger studies with more ethnically diverse groups are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gallo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
| | - T Hazell
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - C A Vanstone
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - S Agellon
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - G Jones
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences in the School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - M L'Abbé
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C Rodd
- Winnipeg Children's Hospital, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - H A Weiler
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada.
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Sharma AK, Gallo S, Vanstone CA, Agellon S, L'Abbé M, Khamessan A, Comeau K, Weiler HA, Rodd C. Parathyroid hormone-ionized calcium dynamics over the first year of life. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2016; 29:709-14. [PMID: 26812861 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2015-0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ionized calcium (iCa) is believed to be the principle determinant of parathyroid hormone concentration (PTH). However, previous studies contained few infants. METHODS This ancillary study from our vitamin D3 dose-response trial in healthy, breastfed infants measured calcium, phosphorus, PTH and 25(OH)D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) at 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age. The relationship between iCa and PTH was assessed by Pearson correlation and a mixed effects regression model to account for repeated measures. RESULTS No significant correlations were observed between iCa and PTH at individual visits (p>0.2). After accounting for repeated measures, PTH decreased with increasing iCa (slope -5.25; 95% confidence intervals (CI) -8.78 to -1.73), decreased with increasing 25(OH)D (slope -0.006; 95% CI -0.009 to -0.002, and increased with later visits (6-12 months, p<0.001), CONCLUSIONS: We observed a weak negative relationship between iCa and PTH and an increase with age consistent with physiologic maturation.
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Brett NR, Lavery P, Agellon S, Vanstone CA, Maguire JL, Rauch F, Weiler HA. Dietary vitamin D dose-response in healthy children 2 to 8 y of age: a 12-wk randomized controlled trial using fortified foods. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:144-52. [PMID: 26675772 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.115956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D is fundamental for bone health. A high proportion of Canadian 2- to 8-y-olds do not meet the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) of 400 IU/d. OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine whether vitamin D intakes consistent with the EAR or Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), through fortification of additional dairy products, would result in higher vitamin D status in young children. DESIGN Participants aged 2-8 y (n = 77; Montreal, Canada) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary vitamin D targets (control; EAR: 400 IU/d; or RDA: 600 IU/d) for 12 wk (January to April 2014). Anthropometric measurements, demographic characteristics, dietary intakes, fasting serum parathyroid hormone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], and ionized calcium were compared by using mixed-model ANOVA. RESULTS Participants' mean ± SD age was 5.1 ± 1.9 y; 54.5% were boys with body mass index z scores of 0.50 ± 0.85. Compliance was 85% overall. No differences were observed in baseline dietary vitamin D intakes or serum 25(OH)D. At 12 wk, the EAR and RDA groups had significantly higher vitamin D intakes [median (IQR): control, 227 (184-305) IU/d; EAR, 410 (363-516) IU/d; and RDA, 554 (493-653) IU/d; P < 0.05] and serum 25(OH)D concentrations (control: 55.8 ± 12.3 nmol/L; EAR: 64.1 ± 10.0 nmol/L; and RDA: 63.7 ± 12.4 nmol/L; P < 0.05) than the control group. Ninety-six percent of children in the EAR and RDA groups and 67% of the control group had 25(OH)D concentrations ≥50 nmol/L. CONCLUSION Increasing the vitamin D intakes of young children through fortification of alternative dairy products results in significantly higher serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and a significantly greater proportion of children with serum 25(OH)D ≥50 nmol/L during periods of minimal ultraviolet B radiation exposure. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02097160 and had Health Canada Temporary Marketing Authorization Letters for both products (TM-13-0432 and TM-13-0433).
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil R Brett
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paula Lavery
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sherry Agellon
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine A Vanstone
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathon L Maguire
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; and
| | - Frank Rauch
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hope A Weiler
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada;
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Weiler HA, Jean-Philippe S, Cohen TR, Vanstone CA, Agellon S. Depleted iron stores and iron deficiency anemia associated with reduced ferritin and hepcidin and elevated soluble transferrin receptors in a multiethnic group of preschool-age children. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2015; 40:887-94. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Iron deficiency anemia is prevalent in subgroups of the Canadian population. The objective of this study was to examine iron status and anemia in preschool-age children. Healthy children (n = 430, 2–5 years old, Montreal, Quebec, Canada) were sampled from randomly selected daycares. Anthropometry, demographics, and diet were assessed. Biochemistry included hemoglobin, ferritin, soluble transferrin receptors (sTfR), ferritin index, markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)), and hepcidin. Iron deficiency and anemia cutoffs conformed to the World Health Organization criteria. Differences among categories were tested using mixed-model ANOVA or χ2tests. Children were 3.8 ± 1.0 years of age, with a body mass index z score of 0.48 ± 0.97, and 51% were white. Adjusted intakes of iron indicated <1% were at risk for deficiency. Hemoglobin was higher in white children, whereas ferritin was higher with greater age and female sex. Inflammatory markers and hepcidin did not vary with any demographic variable. The prevalence of iron deficiency was 16.5% (95% confidence interval (CI), 13.0–20.0). Three percent (95% CI, 1.4–4.6) of children had iron deficiency anemia and 12.8% (95% CI, 9.6–16.0) had unexplained anemia. Children with iron deficiency, with and without anemia, had lower plasma ferritin and hepcidin but higher sTfR, ferritin index, and IL-6, whereas those with unexplained anemia had elevated TNFα. We conclude that iron deficiency anemia is not very common in young children in Montreal. While iron deficiency without anemia is more common than iron deficiency with anemia, the correspondingly reduced circulating hepcidin would have enabled heightened absorption of dietary iron in support of erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope A. Weiler
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Sonia Jean-Philippe
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Tamara R. Cohen
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Catherine A. Vanstone
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Sherry Agellon
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
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Hazell TJ, Pham TT, Jean-Philippe S, Finch SL, El Hayek J, Vanstone CA, Agellon S, Rodd CJ, Weiler HA. Vitamin D status is associated with bone mineral density and bone mineral content in preschool-aged children. J Clin Densitom 2015; 18:60-7. [PMID: 24880497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2014.04.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the associations between vitamin D status, bone mineral content (BMC), areal bone mineral density (aBMD), and markers of calcium homeostasis in preschool-aged children. Children (n=488; age range: 1.8-6.0 y) were randomly recruited from Montreal. The distal forearm was scanned using a peripheral dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner (Lunar PIXI; GE Healthcare, Fairfield, CT). A subset (n=81) had clinical dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (cDXA) scans (Hologic 4500A Discovery Series) of lumbar spine (LS) 1-4, whole body, and ultradistal forearm. All were assessed for plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and parathyroid hormone concentrations (Liaison; Diasorin), ionized calcium (ABL80 FLEX; Radiometer Medical A/S), and dietary vitamin D and calcium intakes by survey. Age (p<0.001) and weight-for-age Z-score (p<0.001) were positively associated with BMC and aBMD in all regression models, whereas male sex contributed positively to forearm BMC and aBMD. Having a 25(OH)D concentration of >75 nmol/L positively associated with forearm and whole body BMC and aBMD (p<0.036). Sun index related to (p<0.029) cDXA forearm and LS 1-4 BMC and whole-body aBMD. Nutrient intakes did not relate to BMC or aBMD. In conclusion, higher vitamin D status is linked to higher BMC and aBMD of forearm and whole body in preschool-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom J Hazell
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Lethbridge, Lethrbidge, AB, Canada; Mary Emily Clinical Nutrition Research Unit, School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Thu Trang Pham
- Mary Emily Clinical Nutrition Research Unit, School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Sonia Jean-Philippe
- Mary Emily Clinical Nutrition Research Unit, School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah L Finch
- Mary Emily Clinical Nutrition Research Unit, School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Jessy El Hayek
- Mary Emily Clinical Nutrition Research Unit, School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada; Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Notre Dame University, Zouk Mikael, Lebanon
| | - Catherine A Vanstone
- Mary Emily Clinical Nutrition Research Unit, School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Sherry Agellon
- Mary Emily Clinical Nutrition Research Unit, School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Celia J Rodd
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; The Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hope A Weiler
- Mary Emily Clinical Nutrition Research Unit, School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada.
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Hazell TJ, Sharma AK, Vanstone CA, Gagnon I, Pham TT, Finch SL, Weiler HA, Rodd CJ. Normative Data and Predictors of Leg Muscle Function and Postural Control in Children. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014; 46:2184-90. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hazell TJ, Gallo S, Berzina L, Vanstone CA, Rodd C, Weiler HA. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D, more so than its epimer, has a linear relationship to leaner body composition across infancy in healthy term infants. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2014; 39:1137-43. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2013-0586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D status positively associates with skeletal muscle mass and function in adolescents. The C-3 alpha epimer of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (3-epi-25(OH)D3) is high in infants, yet the potential impacts of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) and 3-epi-25(OH)D3 on skeletal muscle development are largely unexplored. The objective of this study was (i) to explore how the concentrations of 25(OH)D3 and 3-epi-25(OH)D3 track with body composition (lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM)) and (ii) to determine the association between 25(OH)D3 and 3-epi-25(OH)D3 in infancy. Healthy breastfed infants (n = 132) were followed from 1 to 12 months of age as part of a vitamin D dose–response study (NCT00381914). Anthropometry and diet were assessed. Body composition was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Plasma 25(OH)D3 and 3-epi-25(OH)D3 concentrations were evaluated using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma 25(OH)D3 and 3-epi-25(OH)D3 increased from 1 to 3 months of age and decreased thereafter (p < 0.05). Infants with 25(OH)D3 concentrations above 75 nmol/L did not have a higher LM (g or %; p > 0.273) than those below this cutoff. LM was not associated with 25(OH)D3, whereas LM% was positively associated with 25(OH)D3 (β = 0.03; CI: 0.01 to 0.06; p = 0.006), while accounting for sex, weight-for-age Z-score, protein and fat intake, and age. For FM, the variables accounting for a significant amount of the variation were plasma 25(OH)D3 concentration (β = −2.38; CI: −4.35, −0.41; p = 0.019), weight-for-age Z-score, protein and fat intake, and time. In healthy infants, higher vitamin D status associates with leaner body composition, though the effect is smaller in magnitude relative to growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom J. Hazell
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Sina Gallo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - llze Berzina
- Mary Emily Clinical Nutrition Research Unit, School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 2E3, Canada
| | - Catherine A. Vanstone
- Mary Emily Clinical Nutrition Research Unit, School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 2E3, Canada
| | - Celia Rodd
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1Y1, Canada
- Montreal Children’s Hospital, Montréal, QC H3H 1P3, Canada
| | - Hope A. Weiler
- Mary Emily Clinical Nutrition Research Unit, School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 2E3, Canada
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Gallo S, Comeau K, Sharma A, Vanstone CA, Agellon S, Mitchell J, Weiler HA, Rodd C. Redefining normal bone and mineral clinical biochemistry reference intervals for healthy infants in Canada. Clin Biochem 2014; 47:27-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Kasvis P, Cohen TR, Loiselle S, Kim N, Hazell TJ, Vanstone CA, Agellon S, Rodd C, Plourde H, Weiler HA. 104: Regional Adiposity Is Not Associated with Vitamin D Status in Overweight and Obese School-Aged Children. Paediatr Child Health 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/19.6.e35-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Cohen TR, Hazell TJ, Loiselle S, Kasvis P, Vanstone CA, Kim N, Rodd C, Weiler HA. 103: A Family-Centered Lifestyle Intervention Focused On Milk and Alternatives Reduces Adiposity in Six to Eight Y Old Overweight and Obese Children Compared to Control: Results at Six Months From a RCT. Paediatr Child Health 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/19.6.e35-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hazell TJ, Vanstone CA, Rodd CJ, Rauch F, Weiler HA. Bone mineral density measured by a portable X-ray device agrees with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at forearm in preschool aged children. J Clin Densitom 2013; 16:302-307. [PMID: 22898084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measures of bone mineral density (BMD) are generally not feasible in fieldwork. The present study determined the agreement between BMD measured by DXA and portable peripheral DXA in preschool aged children. Fifty-seven children (4.2 ± 1.0 yr) had their nondominant distal forearm scanned using a peripheral DXA scanner (PIXI; GE Medical Systems Lunar, Madison, WI) at their daycare and a DXA (4500A Discovery Series; Hologic Inc., Bedford, MA) at our research clinic. Correlation analysis, one-way analysis of variance, and Bland-Altman plots were performed to examine the agreement between measurements. Data were also divided into tertiles for cross-classification analysis and calculation of kappa coefficients. Distal forearm BMD measured by PIXI was significantly correlated with DXA measures of total forearm BMD (r > 0.51; p < 0.001), proximal 1/3 BMD (r > 0.41; p < 0.001), mid-BMD (r > 0.37; p < 0.001), and ultradistal (UD) BMD (r > 0.57; p < 0.001). Cross-classification in the same or adjacent tertile between measures (UD forearm: 96.5%; UD radius: 94.4%; total forearm: 87.7%; total radius: 84.2%) resulted in weighted kappa coefficients of 0.46, 0.58, 0.42, and 0.43, respectively. Bland-Altman plots further clarified these agreements as all had low bias (UD forearm: bias = 0.003 ± 0.002; UD radius: -0.015 ± 0.021; total forearm: -0.062 ± 0.027; total radius: -0.077 ± 0.026). These results demonstrate that portable DXA measures of forearm BMD agree moderately with DXA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom J Hazell
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine A Vanstone
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Celia J Rodd
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; The Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frank Rauch
- Shriner's Hospital for Children, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hope A Weiler
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada.
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Cohen TR, Hazell TJ, Vanstone CA, Plourde H, Rodd CJ, Weiler HA. A family-centered lifestyle intervention to improve body composition and bone mass in overweight and obese children 6 through 8 years: a randomized controlled trial study protocol. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:383. [PMID: 23617621 PMCID: PMC3648398 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity gives rise to health complications including impaired musculoskeletal development that associates with increased risk of fractures. Prevention and treatment programs should focus on nutrition education, increasing physical activity (PA), reducing sedentary behaviours, and should monitor bone mass as a component of body composition. To ensure lifestyle changes are sustained in the home environment, programs need to be family-centered. To date, no study has reported on a family-centered lifestyle intervention for obese children that aims to not only ameliorate adiposity, but also support increases in bone and lean muscle mass. Furthermore, it is unknown if programs of such nature can also favorably change eating and activity behaviors. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of a 1 y family-centered lifestyle intervention, focused on both nutrient dense foods including increased intakes of milk and alternatives, plus total and weight-bearing PA, on body composition and bone mass in overweight or obese children. METHODS/DESIGN The study design is a randomized controlled trial for overweight or obese children (6-8 y). Participants are randomized to control, standard treatment (StTx) or modified treatment (ModTx). This study is family-centred and includes individualized counselling sessions on nutrition, PA and sedentary behaviors occurring 4 weeks after baseline for 5 months, then at the end of month 8. The control group receives counselling at the end of the study. All groups are measured at baseline and every 3 months for the primary outcome of changes in body mass index Z-scores. At each visit blood is drawn and children complete a researcher-administered behavior questionnaire and muscle function testing. Changes from baseline to 12 months in body fat (% and mass), waist circumference, lean body mass, bone (mineral content, mineral density, size and volumetric density), dietary intake, self-reported PA and sedentary behaviour are examined. DISCUSSION This family-centered theory-based study permits for biochemical and physiological assessments. This trial will assess the effectiveness of the intervention at changing lifestyle behaviours by decreasing adiposity while enhancing lean and bone mass. If successful, the intervention proposed offers new insights for the management or treatment of childhood obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01290016.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hope A Weiler
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
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Cohen TR, Hazell TJ, Jean‐Philippe S, Pham T, Vanstone CA, Rodd CR, Weiler HA. The effects of dairy intake among preschool aged girls and boys on their weight status. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.1063.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara R Cohen
- School of Dietetics and Human NutritionMcGill UniversitySteanne‐ de‐BellevueQCCanada
| | - Tom J Hazell
- Department of Kinesiology & Physical EducationUniversity of LethbridgeLethbirdgeABCanada
| | | | - Thu Pham
- School of Dietetics and Human NutritionMcGill UniversitySteanne‐ de‐BellevueQCCanada
| | - Catherine A. Vanstone
- School of Dietetics and Human NutritionMcGill UniversitySteanne‐ de‐BellevueQCCanada
| | - Celia R Rodd
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology & MetabolismMontreal Children's HospitalMontrealQCCanada
| | - Hope A. Weiler
- School of Dietetics and Human NutritionMcGill UniversitySteanne‐ de‐BellevueQCCanada
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Gallo S, Phan A, Vanstone CA, Rodd C, Weiler HA. The change in plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D did not differ between breast-fed infants that received a daily supplement of ergocalciferol or cholecalciferol for 3 months. J Nutr 2013; 143:148-53. [PMID: 23256143 PMCID: PMC3969107 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.167858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological equivalency of ergocalciferol (D2) and cholecalciferol (D3) has been debated; several comparisons have appeared in the adult literature but are scarce in pediatrics. The objective of this study was to compare increases in plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and attainment of 50 and 75 mol/L status cutoffs following 3 mo of daily supplementation with D2 compared with D3. Healthy, breast-fed, 1-mo-old infants (n = 52) received 10 μg (400 ic) of either D2 or D3 daily. At 1 and 4 mo of age, plasma 25-hydroxyergocalciferol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) and total 25(OH)D by chemiluminescent immunoassay (DiaSorin Liaison). Data were analyzed using t tests and χ² by intent to treat. A total of 23% of infants were deficient (≤24.9 nmol/L) at baseline and 2% at follow-up on the basis of LC-MS/MS. At 4 mo, 96% were breastfed and there were no differences in compliance, breastfeeding rates, or sun exposure among groups. The change in total 25(OH)D measured by LC-MS/MS did not differ between the D2 (17.6 ± 26.7 nmol/L) and D3 (22.2 ± 20.2 nmol/L) groups. In the combined groups, the baseline plasma 25(OH)D concentration was inversely related to the change in total 25(OH)D (r = -0.52; P < 0.001). Overall, 86% of infants met the 50 nmol/L cutoff at follow-up; however, fewer infants in the D2 group (75%) met this level compared with the D3 group (96%) (P < 0.05). Similar results were obtained by immunoassay. In conclusion, the increase in the 25(OH)D concentration among the D2 and D3 groups did not differ, suggesting daily intake of either isoform is acceptable for infants <4 mo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Gallo
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Anna Phan
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Catherine A. Vanstone
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Celia Rodd
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; and,Montréal Children’s Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hope A. Weiler
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; and,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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40
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El Hayek J, Pham TT, Finch S, Hazell TJ, Jean-Philippe S, Vanstone CA, Agellon S, Rodd C, Rauch F, Weiler HA. Vitamin D status in Montréal preschoolers is satisfactory despite low vitamin D intake. J Nutr 2013; 143:154-60. [PMID: 23256141 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.169144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2007 to 2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey reported vitamin D status in a representative sample of Canadians (6-79 y); however, children <6 y were not assessed. Our objective was to measure vitamin D intake from food and supplements, sun exposure, and biological vitamin D status of children ages 2 through 5 y in Montréal (latitude 45°N). Preschoolers (n = 508) were recruited between June 2010 and 2011 in a random sample of licensed daycares in the regions of greater Montréal, Canada in a cross-sectional study. The total plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration was measured using a chemiluminescence assay (Liaison, Diasorin). Dietary intake was assessed during one 24-h period plus a 30-d FFQ. Socioeconomic, demographic, anthropometry, and sun exposure data were collected. Plasma 25(OH)D was ≥50 nmol/L in 88% of children, whereas 49.4% had concentrations ≥75 nmol/L during the 1-y study. Almost 95% of preschoolers had vitamin D intakes less than the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), and 4.8% of preschoolers ≤3.9 y and 25.9% of preschoolers ≥4 y had calcium intakes less than the EAR. Plasma 25(OH)D was different across age, income, sun index, milk intake, and dietary and supplemental vitamin D intake tertiles. Despite vitamin D intakes less than the EAR, the vitamin D status of Montréal preschoolers attending daycare is mostly satisfactory even in winter, suggesting that the EAR value is too high in the context of typical exogenous intakes of vitamin D in North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy El Hayek
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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41
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Deguire JR, Makarem N, Vanstone CA, Morin S, Duque G, Weiler HA. Conjugated linoleic acid is related to bone mineral density but does not affect parathyroid hormone in men. Nutr Res 2012; 32:911-20. [PMID: 23244536 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The relationships between conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) status, bone, body composition, and the effect of CLA on calciotropic hormones are unclear. A cross-sectional study was designed to examine the association between c9, t11 CLA status in erythrocyte membranes (RBC) and body composition. This preceded a dose-response trial investigating if c9, t11 CLA affected parathyroid hormone (PTH). It was hypothesized that (1) higher c9, t11 CLA status in RBC will be associated with a lower fat and higher bone mass and that (2) PTH will be reduced by 30% after supplementation of c9, t11 CLA. Fifty-four men (age, 19-53 years) were included in the cross-sectional analysis, of which 31 were studied in the dose-response trial and randomized to 1 of 3 groups: placebo (n = 10), 1.5 g/d (n = 11), or 3.0 g/d (n = 10) of c9, t11 CLA for 16 weeks. Men with RBC c9, t11 CLA status above the median had higher whole body bone mineral density (BMD) (1.359 ± 0.024 vs 1.287 ± 0.023 g/cm(2); P = .04) and whole body lean mass (WBL) percentage (78.8% ± 0.9% vs 75.3% ± 1.0%; P = .01), whereas body mass index (24.8 ± 0.5 kg/m(2) vs 27.3 ± 0.9 kg/m(2); P = .01) and whole body fat mass percentage (17.3% ± 0.9% vs 21.3% ± 1.1%; P = .007) were lower. In regression analysis, RBC c9, t11 CLA status accounted for a significant proportion (r(2) = 0.10) of the variation in whole body BMD (P = .03). There were no time or treatment differences among any bone or biomarkers of bone metabolism including PTH. These findings indicate that RBC c9, t11 CLA status, a reflection of long-term (~4 months) dietary CLA intake, positively relates to BMD. However, c9, t11 CLA supplementation does not appear to affect PTH in healthy men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Deguire
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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42
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Rudkowska I, Roynette CE, Demonty I, Vanstone CA, Jew S, Jones PJH. Diacylglycerol: Efficacy and Mechanism of Action of an Anti-Obesity Agent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 13:1864-76. [PMID: 16339116 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2005.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is at the forefront of global health issues and directly contributes to many chronic illnesses. Several dietary components show promise in the treatment of obesity, one of which is oil rich in diacylglycerols (DAGs). Present objectives are to examine scientific knowledge concerning DAG to assess evidence supporting the effects on substrate oxidation rates, body weight and fat mass, and blood lipids, and to assess safety, as well as elucidate potential mechanisms of action. DAG can be synthesized by an enzymatic process to produce mainly 1,3-isoform DAG. This 1,3-DAG oil is believed to have the ability to increase beta-oxidation, to enhance body weight loss, to suppress body fat accumulation, and to lower serum triacylglycerol levels postprandially. While certain animal and human studies indicate that consumption of 1,3-DAG has positive physiological effects, others report no effect. The mechanisms of action of DAG are suggested to decrease the resynthesis of chylomicrons as well as shunting them directly to the liver through the portal vein, where they are oxidized. This increased fat oxidation may influence control of food intake by increasing satiety. Further study into the precise mechanism is required to understand its effects. Safety studies show no risks in consuming a diet rich in DAG oil. Overall, consumption of oils with higher amounts of DAG, specifically 1,3-DAG, may be useful in the battle against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Rudkowska
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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43
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Hazell TJ, Vanstone CA, Pham TT, Jean-Philippe S, Rodd CJ, Weiler HA. Total forearm bone mineral density measured by a portable peripheral x‐ray agrees with dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.369.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom J Hazell
- Dietetics and Human NutritionMcGill UniversitySte-Anne-de-BellevueQCCanada
| | | | - Thu Trang Pham
- Dietetics and Human NutritionMcGill UniversitySte-Anne-de-BellevueQCCanada
| | | | - Celia J Rodd
- EndocrinologyMontreal Children's HospitalMontrealQCCanada
| | - Hope A Weiler
- Dietetics and Human NutritionMcGill UniversitySte-Anne-de-BellevueQCCanada
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44
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Cohen TR, Hazell T, Vanstone CA, Moore M, Plourde H, Rodd C, Weiler HA. Body composition of 6 to 8.5 year old overweight and obese children: 12‐week follow‐up from an eating and exercise behaviour family‐centered lifestyle intervention in Quebec (Canada). FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.811.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Rebecca Cohen
- School of Dietetics and Human NutritionMcGill UniversitySteanne- de-BellevueQCCanada
| | - Tom Hazell
- McGill UniversitySte-anne-de-BellevueQCCanada
| | | | | | | | - Celia Rodd
- Montreal Children's HospitalMontrealQCCanada
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45
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Hazell TJ, Gallo S, Vanstone CA, Rodd C, Weiler HA. Whole body lean mass at birth significantly tracks to 12 and 36 months of age. FASEB J 2011. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.lb213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom J Hazell
- Dietetics and Human NutritionMcGill UniversitySte‐Anne‐de‐BellevueQCCanada
| | - Sina Gallo
- Dietetics and Human NutritionMcGill UniversitySte‐Anne‐de‐BellevueQCCanada
| | | | - Celia Rodd
- Dietetics and Human NutritionMcGill UniversitySte‐Anne‐de‐BellevueQCCanada
| | - Hope A Weiler
- Dietetics and Human NutritionMcGill UniversitySte‐Anne‐de‐BellevueQCCanada
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46
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Zhao HL, Houweling AH, Vanstone CA, Jew S, Trautwein EA, Duchateau GS, Jones PJ. Action of Plant Sterol Intervention on Sterol Kinetics in Hypercholesterolemic Men with High versus Low Basal Circulatory Plant Sterol Concentrations. J Am Coll Nutr 2011; 30:155-65. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2011.10719955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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47
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Gallo S, Vanstone CA, Comeau K, Agellon S, Rodd C, Sharma A, Weiler HA. Vitamin D dose response study in Canadian infants: 25‐hydroxy‐vitamin D status during a 20 week intervention. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.537.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Gallo
- Dietetics and Human NutritionMcGill UniversitySte. Anne de BellevueQCCanada
| | | | - Kathryn Comeau
- Dietetics and Human NutritionMcGill UniversitySte. Anne de BellevueQCCanada
| | - Sherry Agellon
- Dietetics and Human NutritionMcGill UniversitySte. Anne de BellevueQCCanada
| | - Celia Rodd
- Montreal Children's HospitalMontrealQCCanada
| | - Atul Sharma
- Montreal Children's HospitalMontrealQCCanada
| | - Hope A Weiler
- Dietetics and Human NutritionMcGill UniversitySte. Anne de BellevueQCCanada
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48
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Gallo S, Agellon S, Vanstone CA, Weiler HA, Rodd C. Methodological issues in assessing 25‐hydroxy‐vitamin D levels in newborns. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.537.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Gallo
- Dietetics and Human NutritionMcGill UniversitySte. Anne de BellevueQCCanada
| | - Sherry Agellon
- Dietetics and Human NutritionMcGill UniversitySte. Anne de BellevueQCCanada
| | | | - Hope A Weiler
- Dietetics and Human NutritionMcGill UniversitySte. Anne de BellevueQCCanada
| | - Celia Rodd
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology & MetabolismMontreal Children’ HospitalMcGill University Health CentreMontrealQCCanada
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49
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Gallo S, Rodd C, Vanstone CA, Shehab-EI-Deen A, Weiler HA. Body Fat is a Predictor of 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin D Levels in Breast Fed Newborns. Paediatr Child Health 2009. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/14.suppl_a.38ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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50
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Zhao HL, Houweling AH, Vanstone CA, Jew S, Trautwein EA, Duchateau GSMJE, Jones PJH. Genetic variation in ABC G5/G8 and NPC1L1 impact cholesterol response to plant sterols in hypercholesterolemic men. Lipids 2008; 43:1155-64. [PMID: 18850127 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-008-3241-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette hetero-dimeric transporters G5 and G8 (ABCG5/G8) have been postulated to mediate intestinal cholesterol efflux, whereas Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1 (NPC1L1) protein is believed to be essential for intestinal cholesterol influx. The individual or combined genetic markers, such as single nuclear polymorphisms (SNPs), of these two transporter genes may explain inter-individual variations in plasma cholesterol response following plant sterol (PS) intervention. The present study was aimed at investigating the association between ABCG5/G8 and NPC1L1 genotype SNPs with sterol absorption and corresponding plasma concentrations. The study used a 4-week crossover design with 82 hypercholesterolemic men characterized by high vs. low basal plasma PS concentrations consuming spreads with or without 2 g/day of PS. For the ABCG8 1289 C > A (T400 K) polymorphism, the A allele carriers with high basal plasma PS concentrations demonstrated a 3.9-fold greater reduction (p < 0.05) in serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) than their low basal plasma PS counterparts. For the NPC1L1 haplotype of 872 C > G (L272L) and 3929 G > A (Y1291Y), individuals carrying mutant alleles showed a 2.4-fold greater (p < 0.05) reduction in LDL-C levels, compared to wild type counterparts. Results suggest that genetic and metabolic biomarkers together may predict inter-individual lipid level responsiveness to PS-intervention, and thus could be useful in devising individualized cholesterol lowering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai L Zhao
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, 196 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 6C5, Canada
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