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Pourmontaseri H, Sepehrinia M, Kuchay MS, Farjam M, Vahid F, Dehghan A, Homayounfar R, Naghizadeh MM, Hebert JR. The association between energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index and metabolic syndrome and its mediatory role for cardiometabolic diseases: a prospective cohort study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1429883. [PMID: 39161908 PMCID: PMC11330808 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1429883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a collection of medical conditions that elevate the chance of cardiovascular disease. An unhealthy diet is a major risk factors for MetS through different mechanisms, especially systemic chronic inflammation. Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary inflammatory potential on MetS incidence and the role of MetS in the association between Energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) and cardiometabolic diseases. Methods In this prospective cohort study, 10,138 participants were recruited. All participants were divided into MetS or non-MetS groups based on the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. The E-DII was used to assess the inflammatory potential of diet. After excluding the participants with MetS at baseline, 2252 individuals were followed for 5 years (longitudinal phase), and the effect of E-DII on MetS incidence was investigated using logistic regression models (p-value <0.05). Results The cohort's mean age (45.1% men) was 48.6 ± 10.0 years. E-DII ranged from -6.5 to 5.6 (mean: -0.278 ± 2.07). Higher E-DII score had a 29% (95%CI: 1.22-1.36) increased risk for incidence of MetS and its components during five-year follow-up. Also, E-DII was significantly associated with the prevalence of MetS (OR = 1.55, 95%CI: 1.51-1.59). Among MetS components, E-DII had the strongest association with waist circumference in the cross-sectional study (OR = 2.17, 95%CI: 2.08-2.25) and triglyceride in the longitudinal study (OR = 1.19, 95%CI: 1.13-1.25). The association between E-DII and MetS was consistent in both obese (OR = 1.13, 95%CI:1.05-1.21) and non-obese (OR = 1.42, 95%CI: 1.27-1.60) individuals and stronger among non-obese participants. Additionally, MetS mediated the association between E-DII and hypertension, diabetes, and myocardial infarction. Conclusion In conclusion, a pro-inflammatory diet consumption is associated with a higher risk of MetS and its components. Furthermore, a pro-inflammatory diet increases the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. The higher E-DII had a stronger association with MetS, even among normal-weight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matin Sepehrinia
- Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | | | - Mojtaba Farjam
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Farhad Vahid
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Azizallah Dehghan
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Reza Homayounfar
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (WHO Collaborating Center), Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - James R. Hebert
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- South Carolina Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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Aljahdali AA, Cantoral A, Peterson KE, Perng W, Mercado-García A, Téllez-Rojo MM, Ramírez-Silva CI, Jansen EC. Breastfeeding Duration and Cardiometabolic Health during Adolescence: A Longitudinal Analysis. J Pediatr 2024; 265:113768. [PMID: 37802388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the longitudinal association between breastfeeding duration and cardiometabolic health, using repeated measures study design among children and adolescents. STUDY DESIGN This study included 634 offsprings aged 10 to 21 years (52% female) from the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants birth cohort followed up to four time points during adolescence. Breastfeeding duration was prospectively quantified using questionnaires during early childhood. Cardiometabolic risk factors, body composition, and weight-related biomarkers were assessed as outcomes during adolescent follow-up visits. Sex-stratified linear mixed-effects models were used to model the association between quartiles of breastfeeding duration and outcomes, adjusting for age and additional covariates. RESULTS Median breastfeeding duration was 7 months (minimum = 0, maximum = 36). Boys in the second quartile (median breastfeeding = 5 months) had lower total fat mass % (β (SE) -3.2 (1.5) P = .037), and higher lean mass % (3.1 (1.6) P = .049) and skeletal muscle mass % (1.8 (0.8) P = .031) compared with the reference group (median breastfeeding = 2 months). A positive linear trend between breastfeeding duration and trunk lean mass % (0.1 (0.04) P = .035) was found among girls. No association was found with other cardiometabolic indicators. CONCLUSION Despite sex-specific associations of breastfeeding duration with body composition, there was a lack of substantial evidence for the protective effects of breastfeeding against impaired cardiometabolic health during adolescence among Mexican youth. Further longitudinal studies with a robust assessment of breastfeeding are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer A Aljahdali
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
| | - Wei Perng
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Adriana Mercado-García
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Martha M Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Erica C Jansen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Trejo-Reyes R, Cantoral A, Lamadrid-Figueroa H, Betanzos-Robledo L, Téllez-Rojo MM, Peterson KE, Baylin A, Jansen EC. Plasma Fatty Acid Biomarkers of Dairy Consumption Are Associated with Sex-Dependent Effects on Metabolic Syndrome Components in Mexican Adolescents. ANNALS OF NUTRITION & METABOLISM 2023; 79:343-354. [PMID: 37607502 PMCID: PMC10614258 DOI: 10.1159/000531972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During adolescence, dairy product intake has shown conflicting associations with metabolic syndrome (MetS) components, which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aims to investigate the association between plasma fatty acids (FAs) C15:0, C17:0, and t-C16:1n-7, as biomarkers of dairy intake, with MetS and its components in Mexican adolescents. METHODS A sample of 311 participants from the Early Life Exposure in Mexico City to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) cohort was included in this cross-sectional analysis. FA concentrations were measured in plasma as a percentage of total FA. We used quantile regression models stratified by sex to evaluate the association between FA quantiles and MetS components, adjusting for age, socioeconomic status (SES), sedentary behavior, BMI z-score, pubertal status, and energy intake. RESULTS We found significant associations between dairy biomarkers and the median of MetS variables. In females, t-C16:1n-7 was associated with a decrease of 2.97 cm in WC (Q4 vs. Q1; 95% CI: -5.79, -0.16). In males, C15:0 was associated with an increase of 5.84 mm/Hg in SBP (Q4 vs. Q1; CI: 1.82, 9.85). For HDL-C, we observed opposite associations by sex. C15:0 in males was associated with decreased HDL-C (Q3 vs. Q1: β = -4.23; 95% CI: -7.98, -0.48), while in females, C15:0 and t-C16:1n-7 were associated with increased HDL-C (Q3 vs. Q1: β = 4.75; 95% CI: 0.68, 8.82 and Q4 vs. Q1: β = 6.54; 95% CI: 2.01, 11.07), respectively. Additionally, in both sexes, different levels of C15:0, C17:0, and t-C16:1n-7 were associated with increased triglycerides (TG). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that adolescent dairy intake may be associated in different directions with MetS components and that associations are sex-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Trejo-Reyes
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | | | - Larissa Betanzos-Robledo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Martha María Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Karen E. Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ana Baylin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erica C. Jansen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Aljahdali AA, Goodrich JM, Dolinoy DC, Kim HM, Ruiz-Narváez EA, Baylin A, Cantoral A, Torres-Olascoaga LA, Téllez-Rojo MM, Peterson KE. DNA Methylation Is a Potential Biomarker for Cardiometabolic Health in Mexican Children and Adolescents. EPIGENOMES 2023; 7:4. [PMID: 36810558 PMCID: PMC9944859 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes7010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation (DNAm) is a plausible mechanism underlying cardiometabolic abnormalities, but evidence is limited among youth. This analysis included 410 offspring of the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) birth cohort followed up to two time points in late childhood/adolescence. At Time 1, DNAm was quantified in blood leukocytes at long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE-1), H19, and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD-2), and at Time 2 in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α). At each time point, cardiometabolic risk factors were assessed including lipid profiles, glucose, blood pressure, and anthropometry. Linear mixed effects models were used for LINE-1, H19, and 11β-HSD-2 to account for the repeated-measure outcomes. Linear regression models were conducted for the cross-sectional association between PPAR-α with the outcomes. DNAm at LINE-1 was associated with log glucose at site 1 [β = -0.029, p = 0.0006] and with log high-density lipoprotein cholesterol at site 3 [β = 0.063, p = 0.0072]. 11β-HSD-2 DNAm at site 4 was associated with log glucose (β = -0.018, p = 0.0018). DNAm at LINE-1 and 11β-HSD-2 was associated with few cardiometabolic risk factors among youth in a locus-specific manner. These findings underscore the potential for epigenetic biomarkers to increase our understanding of cardiometabolic risk earlier in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer A. Aljahdali
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jaclyn M. Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dana C. Dolinoy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hyungjin M. Kim
- Center for Computing, Analytics and Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Ana Baylin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- Department of Health, Iberoamericana University, Mexico City 01219, Mexico
| | - Libni A. Torres-Olascoaga
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico
| | - Martha M. Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico
| | - Karen E. Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Aljahdali AA, Baylin A, Ruiz-Narvaez EA, Kim HM, Cantoral A, Tellez-Rojo MM, Banker M, Peterson KE. Sedentary patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors in Mexican children and adolescents: analysis of longitudinal data. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:143. [PMID: 36456985 PMCID: PMC9714228 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01375-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behavior is a modifiable risk factor for cardiometabolic health; however, the assessment of total sedentary time may not capture youth's highly active and interrupted activity patterns. This study examined the associations between sedentary activity patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors among Mexican youth, who have a disproportionate burden of metabolic diseases, using a repeated measure design out of a longitudinal data. METHODS 570 subjects in the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to ENvironmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) birth cohort, who were followed up to three-time points during adolescence, were included. Bout duration, and frequency and percentages of waking time spent in specific intensities of activity, were quantified using ActiGraph wGT3X-BT wrist accelerometers. Self-reported questionnaires were used to query the usual duration of different sedentary behaviors. Outcomes were fasting lipid profile, markers for glucose homeostasis, anthropometry, and blood pressure. Associations were modeled using linear mixed-effects models, and isotemporal substitution approach was additionally used to assess the effect of replacing objectively assessed sedentary activity with other activity intensities, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Each hour of self-reported screen-based time was positively associated with diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) [β = 0.30, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.10, 0.51], and an hour of other sedentary time was associated with log serum glucose (mg/dL) [β = 0.01, 95% CI = 0.004, 0.017]. Substitution models showed that replacing 5% of sedentary time with moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was associated with lower waist circumference (cm) [β = - 1.35, 95% CI = - 1.91, - 0.79] and log serum triglycerides (mg/dL) [β = - 0.11, 95% CI = - 0.18, - 0.03]. Substituting one uninterrupted sedentary bout with light activity was associated with lower insulin (μIU/mL) [β = - 0.06, 95% CI = - 0.10, - 0.02]. CONCLUSIONS Sedentary time was associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in Mexican youth in a context-specific manner. Replacing sedentary time with higher intensities was associated with improvements in some cardiometabolic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer A. Aljahdali
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Department of Clinical Nutrition, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Ana Baylin
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Edward A. Ruiz-Narvaez
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Hyungjin Myra Kim
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Center for Computing, Analytics and Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- grid.501731.10000 0004 0484 7567Department of Health, Iberoamerican University, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha M. Tellez-Rojo
- grid.415771.10000 0004 1773 4764Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Margaret Banker
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Karen E. Peterson
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029 USA
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Corrêa CR, da Costa BGG, Silva KS, Shivappa N, Wirth MD, Hébert JR, Nunes EA. A higher energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index is positively associated with total and visceral body fat in young male adults. J Hum Nutr Diet 2022; 35:1136-1150. [PMID: 35377488 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII™) has been associated with a high body mass index and markers of chronic diseases. Also, pro-inflammatory diets with a high E-DII have been positively associated with metabolic disturbances such as glucose intolerance and type II diabetes mellitus. However, it is unclear whether E-DII scores are positively associated with body fat percentage and visceral fat per se. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate whether the E-DII is associated with body fat content and metabolic health indicators in lean and obese young men. METHODS The present study was conducted on 59 participants, without comorbidities, not using tobacco, medication and nutritional supplements. Dietary data were obtained by 3-day food records to calculate E-DII scores based on 28 food parameters. Body composition was assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Blood samples were taken to measure fasting glucose, insulin, triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, and low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. An oral glucose tolerance test also was performed. Associations were determined by mixed-effects linear regression. RESULTS E-DII scores ranged from -3.48 to +3.10. Energy intake was similar across E-DII tertiles. After adjusting for covariates, the highest E-DII tertile was associated with increased body fat, visceral adipose tissue and waist circumference. There was no association between E-DII scores and glycaemic parameters. CONCLUSIONS In young participants, a dietary pattern with a higher E-DII (i.e., pro-inflammatory) score was associated with high body fat and markers of central adiposity assessed by DXA, regardless of body mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia R Corrêa
- Health Sciences Center, Nutrition Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Bruno G G da Costa
- Sports Center, Physical Education Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Kelly S Silva
- Sports Center, Physical Education Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Michael D Wirth
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - James R Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Everson A Nunes
- Health Sciences Center, Nutrition Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Wang Y, Armijos RX, Weigel MM. Dietary Inflammatory Index and Cardiometabolic Risk in Ecuadorian School-Age Children. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2022:1-10. [PMID: 35980812 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2022.2113177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiometabolic diseases and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are becoming increasingly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Cardiometabolic diseases and MetS are closely associated with low-grade systemic inflammation, which may be modified by diet. Previous studies have focused on the association of dietary inflammation with MetS and cardiometabolic risk in adult populations, but few studies have examined this issue in children, especially in LMICs. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study to explore the association of dietary inflammation with cardiometabolic risk components and MetS in urban Ecuadorian children aged 6-12 years old (n = 276). A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to collect data on child dietary intake. Dietary inflammation was evaluated using an energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), divided into quartiles. Data were also collected on cardiometabolic risk indicators including blood lipids, blood pressure (BP), blood glucose, body mass index, and waist circumference. Data were analyzed using multivariable linear and logistic regression. RESULTS Child DII scores ranged from -4.87 (most anti-inflammatory) to 4.75 (most pro-inflammatory). We transformed the continuous scores into quartiles (Q): Q1 was the most anti-inflammatory (-4.87 to -3.35), Q2 was anti-inflammatory (-3.34 to -1.45), Q3 was pro-inflammatory (-1.44 to 1.08), and Q4 was the most pro-inflammatory (1.09 to 4.75). In the covariate-adjusted model, DII scores were positively associated with total blood cholesterol (p = 0.027), triglycerides (p = 0.034), and diastolic BP (p = 0.013). In addition, for every one-unit increase in DII score, MetS increased by 1.20 in the covariate-adjusted model (95% CI = 1.01,1.43). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that more pro-inflammatory diets may contribute to poorer cardiometabolic health in school-age children. This is important because even small increases in child blood pressure, blood cholesterol, and glucose levels over time can damage health and lead to earlier progression to conditions such as hypertension and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankun Wang
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, Indiana University-Bloomington School of Public Health, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Global Environmental Health Research Lab, Indiana University-Bloomington School of Public Health, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Rodrigo X Armijos
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, Indiana University-Bloomington School of Public Health, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Global Environmental Health Research Lab, Indiana University-Bloomington School of Public Health, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Mary-Margaret Weigel
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, Indiana University-Bloomington School of Public Health, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Global Environmental Health Research Lab, Indiana University-Bloomington School of Public Health, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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Çağiran Yilmaz F, Açık M. Children-Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DII), cardiometabolic risk, and inflammation in adolescents: a cross-sectional study. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022; 35:155-162. [PMID: 34529909 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2021-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is limited evidence about the inflammatory potential of diet and cardiometabolic risk in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the Children's Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DII) with cardiometabolic risk factors in Turkish adolescents from 10 to 17 years. METHODS Participants aged 10-17 years, who completed a 24-h dietary recall, from which C-DII scores were calculated, were include in this cross-sectional study. Lipid profile, glycemic parameters, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), liver enzymes, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and uric acid were analyzed in blood samples. Sociodemographic characteristics and sedentary behavior were assessed using a semi-structured questionnaire. We compared the distributions of anthropometric, biochemical, and blood pressure measurement levels associated with cardiometabolic risk factors by the median of C-DII with linear regression. RESULTS The mean sample C-DII was -0.16 ± 2.31 and ranged from -3.22 to +4.09. Higher median C-DII scores, indicating a more pro-inflammatory diet among children, were associated with higher blood pressure and body mass index (BMI). However, the C-DII was modestly directly associated with fasting insulin, fasting blood glucose, and waist circumference. The area under the receiver operating curve of C-DII in predicting hs-CRP was found to be quite high (0.864, 95% CI: 0.795-0.933). CONCLUSIONS Consuming a pro-inflammatory diet in adolescence was associated with alterations in cardiometabolic risk factors, especially with systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feray Çağiran Yilmaz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Fırat University Faculty of Health Sciences, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Murat Açık
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Fırat University Faculty of Health Sciences, Elazığ, Turkey
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Aljahdali AA, Peterson KE, Cantoral A, Ruiz-Narvaez E, Tellez-Rojo MM, Kim HM, Hébert JR, Wirth MD, Torres-Olascoaga LA, Shivappa N, Baylin A. Diet Quality Scores and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Mexican Children and Adolescents: A Longitudinal Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040896. [PMID: 35215546 PMCID: PMC8878155 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There is limited evidence for the effects of diet on cardiometabolic profiles during the pubertal transition. We collected repeated measures of diet quality and cardiometabolic risk factors among Mexican youth. This analysis included 574 offspring of the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) birth cohort followed up to three time points. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMedDiet), and Children’s Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DIITM) scores were computed from food frequency questionnaires. Higher DASH and aMedDiet scores reflect a higher diet quality, and lower C-DII scores reflect an anti-inflammatory diet. Cardiometabolic risk factors were lipid profile, glucose homeostasis, blood pressure, and waist circumference. Linear mixed models were used between quartiles of each diet score and outcomes. Compared to the first quartile, the fourth DASH quartile was inversely associated with log serum insulin (μIU/mL) [β = −0.19, p = 0.0034] and log-Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance [β = −0.25, p = 0.0008]. Additionally, log serum triglycerides (mg/dL) was linearly associated with aMedDiet score [β = −0.03, p = 0.0022]. Boys in the highest aMedDiet quartile had higher serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) [β = 4.13, p = 0.0034] compared to the reference quartile. Higher diet quality was associated with a better cardiometabolic profile among Mexican youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Ali Aljahdali
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (E.R.-N.); (A.B.)
| | - Karen E. Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (E.R.-N.); (A.B.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(734) 647-1923
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- Department of Health, Iberoamericana University, Mexico City 01219, Mexico;
| | - Edward Ruiz-Narvaez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (E.R.-N.); (A.B.)
| | - Martha M. Tellez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (M.M.T.-R.); (L.A.T.-O.)
| | - Hyungjin Myra Kim
- Center for Computing, Analytics and Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - James R. Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (J.R.H.); (M.D.W.); (N.S.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Michael D. Wirth
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (J.R.H.); (M.D.W.); (N.S.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Libni A. Torres-Olascoaga
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (M.M.T.-R.); (L.A.T.-O.)
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (J.R.H.); (M.D.W.); (N.S.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Ana Baylin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (E.R.-N.); (A.B.)
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Buckland G, Northstone K, Emmett PM, Taylor CM. The inflammatory potential of the diet in childhood is associated with cardiometabolic risk in adolescence/young adulthood in the ALSPAC birth cohort. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:3471-3486. [PMID: 35596006 PMCID: PMC9464173 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02860-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the association between a Dietary Inflammatory Score adapted for children (cDIS) and Cardiometabolic Risk (CMR) score in adolescence/early adulthood in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). METHODS The cDIS was calculated at 7, 10 and 13 years using diet diary data. Anthropometric and biochemical data at 17 (N = 1937) and 24 (N = 1957) years were used to calculate CMR scores at each age [mean sex-specific z-scores from triacylglycerol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and fat-mass index (FMI)]. Multivariable linear regression models examined associations between cDIS at 7, 10 and 13 years and a continuous CMR z-score and individual CMR markers at 17 and 24 years. RESULTS In fully adjusted models, a higher cDIS (more pro-inflammatory diet) at 7 years was associated with an increase in CMR z-score at 17 years (β 0.19; 95% CI 0.03-0.35 for third versus first cDIS tertile) and at 24 years (β 0.28; 95% CI 0.11,0.44 for third versus first cDIS tertile). There was a weak association between a higher cDIS at 10 years and an increase in CMR z-score at 17 years (β 0.16; 95% CI - 0.003, 0.32 for third versus first cDIS tertile). No other clear associations were evident. FMI, MAP and HOMA-IR were the main CMR factors contributing to these associations. CONCLUSION A more pro-inflammatory diet during childhood was associated with a worse cardiometabolic profile in late adolescence/early adulthood. A childhood diet abundant in nutrients with anti-inflammatory properties could help reduce development of CMR factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Buckland
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
| | - Kate Northstone
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Pauline M. Emmett
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS UK
| | - Caroline M. Taylor
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS UK
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