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Liu Y, Yin Z, Wang Y, Chen H. Exploration and validation of key genes associated with early lymph node metastasis in thyroid carcinoma using weighted gene co-expression network analysis and machine learning. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1247709. [PMID: 38144565 PMCID: PMC10739373 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1247709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid carcinoma (THCA), the most common endocrine neoplasm, typically exhibits an indolent behavior. However, in some instances, lymph node metastasis (LNM) may occur in the early stages, with the underlying mechanisms not yet fully understood. Materials and methods LNM potential was defined as the tumor's capability to metastasize to lymph nodes at an early stage, even when the tumor volume is small. We performed differential expression analysis using the 'Limma' R package and conducted enrichment analyses using the Metascape tool. Co-expression networks were established using the 'WGCNA' R package, with the soft threshold power determined by the 'pickSoftThreshold' algorithm. For unsupervised clustering, we utilized the 'ConsensusCluster Plus' R package. To determine the topological features and degree centralities of each node (protein) within the Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network, we used the CytoNCA plugin integrated with the Cytoscape tool. Immune cell infiltration was assessed using the Immune Cell Abundance Identifier (ImmuCellAI) database. We applied the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF) algorithms individually, with the 'glmnet,' 'e1071,' and 'randomForest' R packages, respectively. Ridge regression was performed using the 'oncoPredict' algorithm, and all the predictions were based on data from the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database. To ascertain the protein expression levels and subcellular localization of genes, we consulted the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. Molecular docking was carried out using the mcule 1-click Docking server online. Experimental validation of gene and protein expression levels was conducted through Real-Time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays. Results Through WGCNA and PPI network analysis, we identified twelve hub genes as the most relevant to LNM potential from these two modules. These 12 hub genes displayed differential expression in THCA and exhibited significant correlations with the downregulation of neutrophil infiltration, as well as the upregulation of dendritic cell and macrophage infiltration, along with activation of the EMT pathway in THCA. We propose a novel molecular classification approach and provide an online web-based nomogram for evaluating the LNM potential of THCA (http://www.empowerstats.net/pmodel/?m=17617_LNM). Machine learning algorithms have identified ERBB3 as the most critical gene associated with LNM potential in THCA. ERBB3 exhibits high expression in patients with THCA who have experienced LNM or have advanced-stage disease. The differential methylation levels partially explain this differential expression of ERBB3. ROC analysis has identified ERBB3 as a diagnostic marker for THCA (AUC=0.89), THCA with high LNM potential (AUC=0.75), and lymph nodes with tumor metastasis (AUC=0.86). We have presented a comprehensive review of endocrine disruptor chemical (EDC) exposures, environmental toxins, and pharmacological agents that may potentially impact LNM potential. Molecular docking revealed a docking score of -10.1 kcal/mol for Lapatinib and ERBB3, indicating a strong binding affinity. Conclusion In conclusion, our study, utilizing bioinformatics analysis techniques, identified gene modules and hub genes influencing LNM potential in THCA patients. ERBB3 was identified as a key gene with therapeutic implications. We have also developed a novel molecular classification approach and a user-friendly web-based nomogram tool for assessing LNM potential. These findings pave the way for investigations into the mechanisms underlying differences in LNM potential and provide guidance for personalized clinical treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Hefei), Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhenglang Yin
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Hefei), Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Digestive Endoscopy Department, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haohao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Hefei), Hefei, Anhui, China
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2
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Wang Y, Wang H. Lymph node targeting for immunotherapy. IMMUNO-ONCOLOGY TECHNOLOGY 2023; 20:100395. [PMID: 37719676 PMCID: PMC10504489 DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2023.100395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy that aims to boost the body's immune responses against pathogens or diseased cells has achieved significant progress for treating different diseases over the past several decades, especially with the success of checkpoint blockades, chimeric antigen receptor T therapy, and cancer vaccines in clinical cancer treatment. Effective immunotherapy necessitates the generation of potent and persistent humoral and T-cell responses, which lies in the ability of modulating and guiding antigen-presenting cells to prime antigen-specific T and B cells in the lymphoid tissues, notably in the lymph nodes proximal to the disease site. To this end, various types of strategies have been developed to facilitate the delivery of immunomodulatory agents to immune cells (e.g. dendritic cells and T cells) in the lymph nodes. Among them, intranodal injection enables the direct exposure of immunomodulators to immune cells in lymph nodes, but is limited by the technical challenge and intrinsic invasiveness. To address, multiple passive and active lymph node-targeting technologies have been developed. In this review, we will provide an overview of different lymph node-targeting technologies developed to date, as well as the mechanism and merits of each approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - H Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois (CCIL), Urbana, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
- Carle College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
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3
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Peng JM, Su YL. Lymph node metastasis and tumor-educated immune tolerance: Potential therapeutic targets against distant metastasis. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115731. [PMID: 37541450 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis has been shown to positively associated with the prognosis of many cancers. However, in clinical treatment, lymphadenectomy is not always successful, suggesting that immune cells in the tumor and sentinel lymph nodes still play a pivotal role in tumor immunosuppression. Recent studies had shown that tumors can tolerate immune cells through multiple strategies, including tumor-induced macrophage reprogramming, T cells inactivation, production of B cells pathogenic antibodies and activation of regulatory T cells to promote tumor colonization, growth, and metastasis in lymph nodes. We reviewed the bidirectional effect of immune cells on anti-tumor or promotion of cancer cell metastasis during lymph node metastasis, and the mechanisms by which malignant cancer cells modify immune cells to create a more favorable environment for the growth and survival of cancer cells. Research and treatment strategies focusing on the immune system in lymph nodes and potential immune targets in lymph node metastasis were also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jei-Ming Peng
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Li Su
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, No. 123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan.
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4
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Virgilio T, Bordini J, Cascione L, Sartori G, Latino I, Molina Romero D, Leoni C, Akhmedov M, Rinaldi A, Arribas AJ, Morone D, Seyed Jafari SM, Bersudsky M, Ottolenghi A, Kwee I, Chiaravalli AM, Sessa F, Hunger RE, Bruno A, Mortara L, Voronov E, Monticelli S, Apte RN, Bertoni F, Gonzalez SF. Subcapsular Sinus Macrophages Promote Melanoma Metastasis to the Sentinel Lymph Nodes via an IL1α-STAT3 Axis. Cancer Immunol Res 2022; 10:1525-1541. [PMID: 36206577 PMCID: PMC9716256 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
During melanoma metastasis, tumor cells originating in the skin migrate via lymphatic vessels to the sentinel lymph node (sLN). This process facilitates tumor cell spread across the body. Here, we characterized the innate inflammatory response to melanoma in the metastatic microenvironment of the sLN. We found that macrophages located in the subcapsular sinus (SS) produced protumoral IL1α after recognition of tumoral antigens. Moreover, we confirmed that the elimination of LN macrophages or the administration of an IL1α-specific blocking antibody reduced metastatic spread. To understand the mechanism of action of IL1α in the context of the sLN microenvironment, we applied single-cell RNA sequencing to microdissected metastases obtained from animals treated with the IL1α-specific blocking antibody. Among the different pathways affected, we identified STAT3 as one of the main targets of IL1α signaling in metastatic tumor cells. Moreover, we found that the antitumoral effect of the anti-IL1α was not mediated by lymphocytes because Il1r1 knockout mice did not show significant differences in metastasis growth. Finally, we found a synergistic antimetastatic effect of the combination of IL1α blockade and STAT3 inhibition with stattic, highlighting a new immunotherapy approach to preventing melanoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Virgilio
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joy Bordini
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,GenomSys SA, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Luciano Cascione
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Sartori
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Irene Latino
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Molina Romero
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Graduate School Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Leoni
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Murodzhon Akhmedov
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,BigOmics Analytics, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alberto J. Arribas
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Diego Morone
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - S. Morteza Seyed Jafari
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marina Bersudsky
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Aner Ottolenghi
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ivo Kwee
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,BigOmics Analytics, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Anna Maria Chiaravalli
- Unit of Pathology, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Fausto Sessa
- Unit of Pathology, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Robert E. Hunger
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Antonino Bruno
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Elena Voronov
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Silvia Monticelli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Ron N. Apte
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Santiago F. Gonzalez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Corresponding Author: Santiago F. Gonzalez, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, via Francesco Chiesa 5. CH-6500 Bellinzona. Switzerland. Phone: +41 58 666 7226; E-mail:
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5
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Kim T, Suh J, Kim J, Kim WJ. Lymph-Directed Self-Immolative Nitric Oxide Prodrug for Inhibition of Intractable Metastatic Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:2101935. [PMID: 35317221 PMCID: PMC8922110 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
There has been a significant clinical demand for lymph-directed anti-metastatic therapy as tumor-draining lymph nodes play pivotal roles in cancer metastasis which accounts for more than 90% of tumor-related deaths. Despite the high potential of nitric oxide (NO) in anti-cancer therapy owing to its biocompatibility and tumor cell-specific cytotoxicity, the poor stability and lack of target specificity of present NO donors and delivery systems have limited its clinical applications. Herein, a redox-triggered self-immolative NO prodrug that can be readily conjugated to various materials containing free thiol groups such as albumin, is reported. The prodrug and its conjugates demonstrate smart release of NO donor via intramolecular cyclization under reductive conditions, followed by spontaneously generating NO in physiological conditions. The albumin-prodrug conjugate inhibits tumor metastasis by inducing cytotoxicity preferentially on tumor cells after efficiently draining into lymph nodes. This novel prodrug can contribute to the development of on-demand NO delivery systems for anti-metastatic therapy and other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejeong Kim
- Department of ChemistryPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)77 Cheongam‐ro, Nam‐guPohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeyeon Suh
- Department of ChemistryPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)77 Cheongam‐ro, Nam‐guPohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and BioscienceGeorgia Institute of Technology315 Ferst Dr NWAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Won Jong Kim
- Department of ChemistryPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)77 Cheongam‐ro, Nam‐guPohang37673Republic of Korea
- OmniaMed Co. LtdPohang37666Republic of Korea
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6
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Reis-Sobreiro M, Teixeira da Mota A, Jardim C, Serre K. Bringing Macrophages to the Frontline against Cancer: Current Immunotherapies Targeting Macrophages. Cells 2021; 10:2364. [PMID: 34572013 PMCID: PMC8464913 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are found in all tissues and display outstanding functional diversity. From embryo to birth and throughout adult life, they play critical roles in development, homeostasis, tissue repair, immunity, and, importantly, in the control of cancer growth. In this review, we will briefly detail the multi-functional, protumoral, and antitumoral roles of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Our objective is to focus on the ever-growing therapeutic opportunities, with promising preclinical and clinical results developed in recent years, to modulate the contribution of macrophages in oncologic diseases. While the majority of cancer immunotherapies target T cells, we believe that macrophages have a promising therapeutic potential as tumoricidal effectors and in mobilizing their surroundings towards antitumor immunity to efficiently limit cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Karine Serre
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.R.-S.); (A.T.d.M.); (C.J.)
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7
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Callmann C, Kusmierz CD, Dittmar JW, Broger L, Mirkin CA. Impact of Liposomal Spherical Nucleic Acid Structure on Immunotherapeutic Function. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:892-899. [PMID: 34079904 PMCID: PMC8161491 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Liposomal spherical nucleic acids (L-SNAs) show significant promise as cancer immunotherapeutics. L-SNAs are highly modular nanoscale assemblies defined by a dense, upright radial arrangement of oligonucleotides around a liposomal core. Herein, we establish a set of L-SNA design rules by studying the biological and immunological properties of L-SNAs as a function of liposome composition. To achieve this, we synthesized liposomes where the lipid phosphatidylcholine headgroup was held constant, while the diacyl lipid tail chain length and degree of saturation were varied, using either 1,2-dioleylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC), 1,2-dimyristoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC), 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), or 1,2-distearoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DSPC). These studies show that the identity of the constituent lipid dictates the DNA loading, cellular uptake, serum stability, in vitro immunostimulatory activity, and in vivo lymph node accumulation of the L-SNA. Furthermore, in the 4T1 mouse model of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the subcutaneous administration of immunostimulatory L-SNAs synthesized with DPPC significantly decreases the production of lung metastases and delays tumor growth as compared to L-SNAs synthesized using DOPC, due to the enhanced stability of L-SNAs synthesized with DPPC over those synthesized with DOPC. Moreover, the inclusion of cell lysates derived from Py8119 TNBC cells as antigen sources in L-SNAs leads to a significant increase in antitumor efficacy in the Py8119 model when lysates are encapsulated in the cores of L-SNAs synthesized with DPPC rather than DOPC, presumably due to increased codelivery of adjuvant and antigen to dendritic cells in vivo. This difference is further amplified when using lysates from oxidized Py8119 cells as a more potent antigen source, revealing synergy between the lysate preparation method and liposome composition in synthesizing immunotherapeutic L-SNAs. Together, this work shows that the biological properties and immunomodulatory activity of L-SNAs can be modulated by exchanging liposome components, providing another handle for the rational design of nanoscale immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra
E. Callmann
- Department
of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Caroline D. Kusmierz
- Department
of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jasper W. Dittmar
- Department
of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Leah Broger
- Department
of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chad A. Mirkin
- Department
of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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8
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Jana S, Muscarella RA, Jones D. The Multifaceted Effects of Breast Cancer on Tumor-Draining Lymph Nodes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:1353-1363. [PMID: 34043978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) accounts for significant morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. About one in three patients with breast cancer present with lymph node (LN) metastasis and LN status is one of the most important prognostic predictors in patients with BC. In addition to their prognostic value, LNs initiate adaptive immunity against BC. Yet, BC cells often avoid immune-mediated destruction in LNs. This review provides an overview of the ways by which BC cells modulate LN stromal and hematopoietic cells to promote metastasis and immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Jana
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ronald A Muscarella
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dennis Jones
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
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9
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Progression of Metastasis through Lymphatic System. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030627. [PMID: 33808959 PMCID: PMC7999434 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymph nodes are the most common sites of metastasis in cancer patients. Nodal disease status provides great prognostic power, but how lymph node metastases should be treated is under debate. Thus, it is important to understand the mechanisms by which lymph node metastases progress and how they can be targeted to provide therapeutic benefits. In this review, we focus on delineating the process of cancer cell migration to and through lymphatic vessels, survival in draining lymph nodes and further spread to other distant organs. In addition, emerging molecular targets and potential strategies to inhibit lymph node metastasis are discussed.
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10
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Permana AD, Nainu F, Moffatt K, Larrañeta E, Donnelly RF. Recent advances in combination of microneedles and nanomedicines for lymphatic targeted drug delivery. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1690. [PMID: 33401339 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Numerous diseases have been reported to affect the lymphatic system. As such, several strategies have been developed to deliver chemotherapeutics to this specific network of tissues and associated organs. Nanotechnology has been exploited as one of the main approaches to improve the lymphatic uptake of drugs. Different nanoparticle approaches utilized for both active and passive targeting of the lymphatic system are discussed here. Specifically, due to the rich abundance of lymphatic capillaries in the dermis, particular attention is given to this route of administration, as intradermal administration could potentially result in higher lymphatic uptake compared to other routes of administration. Recently, progress in microneedle research has attracted particular attention as an alternative for the use of conventional hypodermic injections. The benefits of microneedles, when compared to intradermal injection, are subsequently highlighted. Importantly, microneedles exhibit particular benefit in relation to therapeutic targeting of the lymphatic system, especially when combined with nanoparticles, which are further discussed. However, despite the apparent benefits provided by this combination approach, further comprehensive preclinical and clinical studies are now necessary to realize the potential extent of this dual-delivery platform, further taking into consideration eventual usability and acceptability in the intended patient end-users. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Kurtis Moffatt
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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11
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Tan YQ, Li YT, Yan TF, Xu Y, Liu BH, Yang JA, Yang X, Chen QX, Zhang HB. Six Immune Associated Genes Construct Prognostic Model Evaluate Low-Grade Glioma. Front Immunol 2020; 11:606164. [PMID: 33408717 PMCID: PMC7779629 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.606164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The immunotherapy of Glioma has always been a research hotspot. Although tumor associated microglia/macrophages (TAMs) proves to be important in glioma progression and drug resistance, our knowledge about how TAMs influence glioma remains unclear. The relationship between glioma and TAMs still needs further study. Methods We collected the data of TAMs in glioma from NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) that included 20 glioma samples and 15 control samples from four datasets. Six genes were screened from the Differential Expression Gene through Gene ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and single-cell sequencing analysis. A risk score was then constructed based on the six genes and patients' overall survival rates of 669 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The efficacy of the risk score in prognosis and prediction was verified in Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA). Results Six genes, including CD163, FPR3, LPAR5, P2ry12, PLAUR, SIGLEC1, that participate in signal transduction and plasma membrane were selected. Half of them, like CD163, FPR3, SIGLEC1, were mainly expression in M2 macrophages. FPR3 and SIGLEC1 were high expression genes in glioma associated with grades and IDH status. The overall survival rates of the high risk score group was significantly lower than that of the low risk score group, especially in LGG. Conclusion Joint usage of the 6 candidate genes may be an effective method to diagnose and evaluate the prognosis of glioma, especially in Low-grade glioma (LGG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Qiu Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Tao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Teng Feng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bao Hui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji An Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Xue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
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Liu CG, Wang Y, Liu P, Yao QL, Zhou YY, Li CF, Zhao Q, Liu GH, Zhang XL. Aptamer-T Cell Targeted Therapy for Tumor Treatment Using Sugar Metabolism and Click Chemistry. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1554-1565. [PMID: 32401486 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of a tumor-targeted immunotherapy is highly required. The most advanced application is the use of CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)T (CAR-T) cells to B cell malignancies, but there are still side effects including potential carcinogenicity of lentiviral or retroviral insertion into the host cell genome. Here, we developed a nonviral aptamer-T cell targeted strategy for tumor therapy. Tumor cells surface-specific ssDNA aptamers were conjugated to CD3+T cells (aptamer-T cells) using N-azidomannosamine (ManNAz) sugar metabolic cell labeling and click chemistry. We found that the aptamer-T cells could specifically target and bind to tumor cells (such as SGC-7901 gastric cancer cell and CT26 colon carcinoma cell) in vitro and in mice after adoptively transfer in. Aptamer-T cells led to significant regression in tumor volume due to being enriched at tumor microenvironment and producing strong cytotoxicity activities of CD3+T cells with enhanced perforin, granzyme B, CD107a, CD69, and FasL expression. Moreover, aptamer-T displayed even stronger antitumor effects than an anti-PD1 immune-checkpoint monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment in mice and combination with anti-PD1 yielded synergic antitumor effects. This study uncovers the strong potential of the adoptive nonviral aptamer-T cell strategy as a feasible and efficacious approach for tumor-targeted immunotherapy application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qi-Li Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chao-Fan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Research Center for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-related Diseases, Allergy Department of Zhongnan Hospital Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiao-Lian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-related Diseases, Allergy Department of Zhongnan Hospital Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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