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Liao L, Yang P, Zhang W, Yu S, Jing H, Zheng X. CD98hc promotes drug resistance in extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma through tumor cell-derived small extracellular vesicles. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadf9388. [PMID: 39255338 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adf9388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL) shows a high rate of recurrence after chemoradiotherapy. Drug resistance can be mediated by the cargo of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). Here, we show that high abundance of the transmembrane glycoprotein CD98hc in tumor cells and serum sEVs was associated with ENKTL progression and drug resistance. Mechanistically, PEGylated-asparaginase (PEG-asp) treatment, a common therapy against ENKTL, promoted the translocation of the transcription factor ATF4 to the nucleus, where it was stabilized by USP1 and subsequently increased CD98hc expression. CD98hc delivered in tumor cell-derived sEVs increased tumor cell proliferation and drug resistance in a cultured human NK lymphoma cell line, animal models, and samples from patients with refractory/relapse ENKTL. Moreover, inhibiting both USP1 and EV secretion synergistically enhanced the cytotoxicity of PEG-asp. These data suggest that targeting CD98hc in the treatment of ENKTL may be beneficial in overcoming drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Weilong Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuyu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hongmei Jing
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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2
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Heidarpour M, Krockenberger M, Bennett P. Review of exosomes and their potential for veterinary medicine. Res Vet Sci 2024; 168:105141. [PMID: 38218063 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles called exosomes are released by almost all cell types and play a crucial role in both healthy and pathological circumstances. Exosomes, found in biological fluids (including plasma, urine, milk, semen, saliva, abdominal fluid and cervical vaginal fluid) and ranging in size from 50 to 150 nm, are critical for intercellular communication. Analysis of exosomal cargos, including micro RNAs (miRNAs), proteins and lipids, has been proposed as valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of disease. Exosomes can also be used as novel, cell-free, treatment strategies. In this review, we discuss the role, significance and application of exosomes and their cargos in diseases of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Heidarpour
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, PO Box 91775-1793, Mashhad, Iran; Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| | - Mark Krockenberger
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| | - Peter Bennett
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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Hu Y, Zhang Q, Wu Z, Chen K, Xu X, Ma W, Chen B, Jin L, Guan M. Exosomal miR-200c and miR-141 as cerebrospinal fluid biopsy biomarkers for the response to chemotherapy in primary central nervous system lymphoma. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:205. [PMID: 37971595 PMCID: PMC10654293 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00812-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To improve early diagnosis and chemotherapy efficacy monitoring in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exosomal microRNA (miRNA) studies were performed. METHOD Small RNA sequencing was performed to identify candidate exosomal miRNAs as CSF biopsy biomarkers from two patients with de novo PCNSL and two patients in remission after chemotherapy. miR-200c and miR-141 expression in CSF exosomes was further validated using relative quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in patients with PCNSL (n = 20), patients with other neurological diseases (n = 10), and normal subjects (n = 10). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses of miR-200c and miR-141 in the diagnosis and prediction of chemotherapy efficacy in PCNSL were performed in patients treated with methotrexate. Additionally, bioinformatics tools were utilized to predict the potential targets of miR-200c and miR-141. RESULTS Exosomal miR-200c and miR-141 levels in CSF from patients with PCNSL were significantly lower than those in control subjects. Importantly, miR-200c and miR-141 were upregulated in patients with PCNSL after chemotherapy (P = 0.002). There was a significant correlation between the levels of miR-141 and IL-10 in CSF (P = 0.04). The combination of miR-200c and miR-141 yielded an area under the ROC curve of 0.761 for distinguishing PCNSL with sensitivity and specificity of 60.0% and 96.7%, respectively. The potential target genes of miR-200c and miR-141 in PCNSL included ATP1B3, DYNC1H1, MATR3, NUCKS1, ZNF638, NUDT4, RCN2, GNPDA1, ZBTB38, and DOLK. CONCLUSION Collectively, miR-200c and miR-141 are likely to be upregulated in CSF exosomes after chemotherapy in patients with PCNSL, highlighting their potential as reliable liquid biopsy biomarkers for PCNSL diagnosis and chemotherapy efficacy monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qingyun Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Weizhe Ma
- Department of Central Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Bobin Chen
- Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China
| | - Limin Jin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jiaxing, 314001, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ming Guan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Vu HM, Mohammad HB, Nguyen TNC, Lee JH, Do Y, Sung JY, Lee SH, Kim MS. Quantitative proteomic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from patients with small cell lung cancers. Proteomics Clin Appl 2023; 17:e2300011. [PMID: 36807835 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202300011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the malignant cancers with aggressive progression and poor prognosis. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) has been arising recently as a potential source of biomarkers for lung cancers. In this study, we performed quantitative BALF proteomic analysis to identify potential biomarkers for SCLC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN BALF were collected from tumor-bearing lungs and non-tumor lungs of five SCLC patients. Then, BALF proteomes were prepared for a TMT-based quantitative mass spectrometry analysis. Differentially expressed proteins (DEP) were identified when considering individual variation. Potential SCLC biomarker candidates were validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). A public database of multiple SCLC cell lines was used to evaluate the correlation of these markers with SCLC subtypes and chemo-drug responses. RESULTS We identified 460 BALF proteins in SCLC patients and observed considerable individual variation among the patients. Immunohistochemical analysis and bioinformatics resulted in the identification of CNDP2 and RNPEP as potential subtype markers for ASCL1 and NEUROD1, respectively. In addition, CNDP2 was found to be positively correlated with responses to etoposide, carboplatin, and irinotecan. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE BALF is an emerging source of biomarkers, making it useful for the diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancers. We characterized the proteomes of paired BALF samples collected from tumor-bearing and non-tumor lungs of SCLC patients. Several proteins were found elevated in tumor-bearing BALF, and especially CNDP2 and RNPEP appeared to be potential indicators for ASLC1-high and NEUROD1-high subtypes of SCLC, respectively. The positive correlation of CNDP2 with chemo-drug responses would help to make decisions for treatment of SCLC patients. These putative biomarkers could be comprehensively investigated for a clinical use towards precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung M Vu
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hazara Begum Mohammad
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Thy N C Nguyen
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyung Lee
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeji Do
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Sung
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyeun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sik Kim
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- New Biology Research Center, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Center for Cell Fate Reprogramming and Control, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Jalaludin I, Lubman DM, Kim J. A guide to mass spectrometric analysis of extracellular vesicle proteins for biomarker discovery. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:844-872. [PMID: 34747512 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes (small extracellular vesicles) in living organisms play an important role in processes such as cell proliferation or intercellular communication. Recently, exosomes have been extensively investigated for biomarker discoveries for various diseases. An important aspect of exosome analysis involves the development of enrichment methods that have been introduced for successful isolation of exosomes. These methods include ultracentrifugation, size exclusion chromatography, polyethylene glycol-based precipitation, immunoaffinity-based enrichment, ultrafiltration, and asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation among others. To confirm the presence of exosomes, various characterization methods have been utilized such as Western blot analysis, atomic force microscopy, electron microscopy, optical methods, zeta potential, visual inspection, and mass spectrometry. Recent advances in high-resolution separations, high-performance mass spectrometry and comprehensive proteome databases have all contributed to the successful analysis of exosomes from patient samples. Herein we review various exosome enrichment methods, characterization methods, and recent trends of exosome investigations using mass spectrometry-based approaches for biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Jalaludin
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - David M Lubman
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeongkwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Meta-Analysis of MS-Based Proteomics Studies Indicates Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 and Nucleobindin1 as Potential Prognostic and Drug Resistance Biomarkers in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma. Cells 2023; 12:cells12010196. [PMID: 36611989 PMCID: PMC9818977 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is inaccurately predicted using clinical features and immunohistochemistry (IHC) algorithms. Nomination of a panel of molecules as the target for therapy and predicting prognosis in DLBCL is challenging because of the divergences in the results of molecular studies. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics in the clinic represents an analytical tool with the potential to improve DLBCL diagnosis and prognosis. Previous proteomics studies using MS-based proteomics identified a wide range of proteins. To achieve a consensus, we reviewed MS-based proteomics studies and extracted the most consistently significantly dysregulated proteins. These proteins were then further explored by analyzing data from other omics fields. Among all significantly regulated proteins, interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) was identified as a potential target by proteomics, genomics, and IHC. Moreover, annexinA5 (ANXA5) and nucleobindin1 (NUCB1) were two of the most up-regulated proteins identified in MS studies. Functional enrichment analysis identified the light zone reactions of the germinal center (LZ-GC) together with cytoskeleton locomotion functions as enriched based on consistent, significantly dysregulated proteins. In this study, we suggest IRF4 and NUCB1 proteins as potential biomarkers that deserve further investigation in the field of DLBCL sub-classification and prognosis.
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Yang Q, Xu J, Gu J, Shi H, Zhang J, Zhang J, Chen Z, Fang X, Zhu T, Zhang X. Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Drug Resistance: Roles, Mechanisms, and Implications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201609. [PMID: 36253096 PMCID: PMC9731723 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanosized vesicles that mediate cell-to-cell communication via transporting bioactive molecules and thus are critically involved in various physiological and pathological conditions. EVs contribute to different aspects of cancer progression, such as cancer growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, immune evasion, and drug resistance. EVs induce the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, antiangiogenesis therapy, and immunotherapy by transferring specific cargos that affect drug efflux and regulate signaling pathways associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition, autophagy, metabolism, and cancer stemness. In addition, EVs modulate the reciprocal interaction between cancer cells and noncancer cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to develop therapy resistance. EVs are detectable in many biofluids of cancer patients, and thus are regarded as novel biomarkers for monitoring therapy response and predicting prognosis. Moreover, EVs are suggested as promising targets and engineered as nanovehicles to deliver drugs for overcoming drug resistance in cancer therapy. In this review, the biological roles of EVs and their mechanisms of action in cancer drug resistance are summarized. The preclinical studies on using EVs in monitoring and overcoming cancer drug resistance are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiurong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory MedicineSchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
| | - Jing Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory MedicineSchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
| | - Jianmei Gu
- Departmemt of Clinical Laboratory MedicineNantong Tumor HospitalNantongJiangsu226361China
| | - Hui Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory MedicineSchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
| | - Jiayin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory MedicineSchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
| | - Jianye Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong511436China
| | - Zhe‐Sheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesSt. John's UniversityQueensNY11439USA
| | - Xinjian Fang
- Department of OncologyLianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu UniversityLianyungangJiangsu222000China
| | - Taofeng Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineYixing Hospital affiliated to Jiangsu UniversityYixingJiangsu214200China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory MedicineSchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
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Salavaty A, Shehni SA, Ramialison M, Currie PD. Systematic molecular profiling of acute leukemia cancer stem cells allows identification of druggable targets. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11093. [PMID: 36281397 PMCID: PMC9586918 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most prevalent and acute blood cancers with a poor prognosis and low overall survival rate, especially in the elderly. Although several new AML markers and drug targets have been recently identified, the rate of long-term cancer eradication has not improved significantly due to the presence and drug resistance of AML cancer stem cells (CSCs). Here we develop a novel computational pipeline to analyze the transcriptomic profiles of AML cancer (stem) cells and identify novel candidate AML CSC markers and drug targets. In our novel pipeline we apply a top-down meta-analysis strategy to integrate The Cancer Genome Atlas data with CSC datasets to infer cell stemness features. As a result, a set of genes termed the "AML key CSC genes" along with all the available drugs/compounds that could target them were identified. Overall, our novel computational pipeline could retrieve known cancer drugs (Carfilzomib) and predicted novel drugs such as Zonisamide, Amitriptyline, and their targets amongst the top ranked drugs and drug targets for targeting AML. Additionally, the pipeline applied in this study could be used for the identification of CSC-specific markers, drivers and their respective targeting drugs in other cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Salavaty
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Systems Biology Institute Australia, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Sara Alaei Shehni
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Mirana Ramialison
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Systems Biology Institute Australia, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, The Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Peter D. Currie
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- EMBL Australia, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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Computational gene expression analysis reveals distinct molecular subgroups of T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274463. [PMID: 36129940 PMCID: PMC9491575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a rare blood cancer with poor prognosis. Overexpression of the proto-oncogene TCL1A and missense mutations of the tumor suppressor ATM are putative main drivers of T-PLL development, but so far only little is known about the existence of T-PLL gene expression subtypes. We performed an in-depth computational reanalysis of 68 gene expression profiles of one of the largest currently existing T-PLL patient cohorts. Hierarchical clustering combined with bootstrapping revealed three robust T-PLL gene expression subgroups. Additional comparative analyses revealed similarities and differences of these subgroups at the level of individual genes, signaling and metabolic pathways, and associated gene regulatory networks. Differences were mainly reflected at the transcriptomic level, whereas gene copy number profiles of the three subgroups were much more similar to each other, except for few characteristic differences like duplications of parts of the chromosomes 7, 8, 14, and 22. At the network level, most of the 41 predicted potential major regulators showed subgroup-specific expression levels that differed at least in comparison to one other subgroup. Functional annotations suggest that these regulators contribute to differences between the subgroups by altering processes like immune responses, angiogenesis, cellular respiration, cell proliferation, apoptosis, or migration. Most of these regulators are known from other cancers and several of them have been reported in relation to leukemia (e.g. AHSP, CXCL8, CXCR2, ELANE, FFAR2, G0S2, GIMAP2, IL1RN, LCN2, MBTD1, PPP1R15A). The existence of the three revealed T-PLL subgroups was further validated by a classification of T-PLL patients from two other smaller cohorts. Overall, our study contributes to an improved stratification of T-PLL and the observed subgroup-specific molecular characteristics could help to develop urgently needed targeted treatment strategies.
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10
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Console L, Scalise M. Extracellular Vesicles and Cell Pathways Involved in Cancer Chemoresistance. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050618. [PMID: 35629286 PMCID: PMC9143651 DOI: 10.3390/life12050618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a pharmacological condition that allows transformed cells to maintain their proliferative phenotype in the presence of administered anticancer drugs. Recently, extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, have been identified as additional players responsible for the chemoresistance of cancer cells. These are nanovesicles that are released by almost all cell types in both physiological and pathological conditions and contain proteins and nucleic acids as molecular cargo. Extracellular vesicles released in the bloodstream reach recipient cells and confer them novel metabolic properties. Exosomes can foster chemoresistance by promoting prosurvival and antiapoptotic pathways, affecting cancer stem cells and immunotherapies, and stimulating drug efflux. In this context, a crucial role is played by membrane transporters belonging to ABC, SLC, and P-type pump families. These proteins are fundamental in cell metabolism and drug transport in either physiological or pathological conditions. In this review, different roles of extracellular vesicles in drug resistance of cancer cells will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Console
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (M.S.); Tel.: +39-0984-492919 (L.C.); +39-0984-492938 (M.S.)
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11
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Li J, Chen Y, Guo X, Bai X, Xu X, Han T, Tan A, Liu N, Xia Y, Sun Q, Guo X, Chen J, Kang J. lncNBAT1/APOBEC3A is a mediator of HBX-induced chemoresistance in diffuse large B cell lymphoma cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 27:1064-1077. [PMID: 35228900 PMCID: PMC8850662 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) have worse chemotherapy efficacy and poorer outcomes. It is still unclear whether long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve as prognostic and therapeutic targets in the chemotherapy resistance of individuals with DLBCL and HBV infection. Here we found that the core component of HBV (HBX) directly upregulated the expression of lncNBAT1, which was closely associated with the chemotherapy outcomes of HBV-infected individuals with DLBCL. Upregulation of lncNBAT1 reduced the sensitivity of DLBCL cells to chemotherapeutic agents (methotrexate [MTX] or cytarabine [Ara-C]) that induced S phase arrest, whereas knockdown of lncNBAT1 significantly relieved the chemoresistance of HBX-expressing DLBCLs. Mechanistically, lncNBAT1 could interact with the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) to prevent its enrichment at the promoter region of the functional target gene apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3A (APOBEC3A), inhibiting expression of APOBEC3A and inducing resistance to MTX in DLBCL cells. Furthermore, clinical data analysis showed that lncNBAT1 and APOBEC3A expression was closely related to the poor prognosis and short survival of individuals with DLBCL. Our findings suggest a potential prognostic marker and a candidate lncRNA target for treating HBV-infected individuals with DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Li
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yaqi Chen
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuecong Guo
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaofei Bai
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xu Xu
- Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tong Han
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ailing Tan
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Nana Liu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuchen Xia
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qiaoyi Sun
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xudong Guo
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiuhong Kang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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12
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Li MY, Zhao C, Chen L, Yao FY, Zhong FM, Chen Y, Xu S, Jiang JY, Yang YL, Min QH, Lin J, Zhang HB, Liu J, Wang XZ, Huang B. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Plasma Exosomes to Identify the Candidate Biomarker of Imatinib Resistance in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients. Front Oncol 2022; 11:779567. [PMID: 34993140 PMCID: PMC8724304 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.779567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Imatinib (IM), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has markedly improved the survival and life quality of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. However, the lack of specific biomarkers for IM resistance remains a serious clinical challenge. Recently, growing evidence has suggested that exosome-harbored proteins were involved in tumor drug resistance and could be novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and drug sensitivity prediction of cancer. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the proteomic profile of plasma exosomes derived from CML patients to identify ideal biomarkers for IM resistance. Methods We extracted exosomes from pooled plasma samples of 9 imatinib-resistant CML patients and 9 imatinib-sensitive CML patients by ultracentrifugation. Then, we identified the expression levels of exosomal proteins by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) based label free quantification. Bioinformatics analyses were used to analyze the proteomic data. Finally, the western blot (WB) and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) analyses were applied to validate the candidate proteins. Results A total of 2812 proteins were identified in plasma exosomes from imatinib-resistant and imatinib-sensitive CML patients, including 279 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) with restricted criteria (fold change≥1.5 or ≤0.667, p<0.05). Compared with imatinib-sensitive CML patients, 151 proteins were up-regulated and 128 proteins were down-regulated. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that the main function of the upregulated proteins was regulation of protein synthesis, while the downregulated proteins were mainly involved in lipid metabolism. The top 20 hub genes were obtained using STRING and Cytoscape, most of which were components of ribosomes. Moreover, we found that RPL13 and RPL14 exhibited exceptional upregulation in imatinib-resistant CML patients, which were further confirmed by PRM and WB. Conclusion Proteomic analysis of plasma exosomes provides new ideas and important information for the study of IM resistance in CML. Especially the exosomal proteins (RPL13 and RPL14), which may have great potential as biomarkers of IM resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yong Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Cui Zhao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Huanggang Central Hospital Affiliated to Changjiang University, Huanggang, China
| | - Lian Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fang-Yi Yao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fang-Min Zhong
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shuai Xu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun-Yao Jiang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu-Lin Yang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qing-Hua Min
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jin Lin
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hai-Bin Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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13
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Li J, Gao N, Gao Z, Liu W, Pang B, Dong X, Li Y, Fan T. The Emerging Role of Exosomes in Cancer Chemoresistance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:737962. [PMID: 34778252 PMCID: PMC8581179 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.737962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is an impending challenge in cancer treatment. In recent years, exosomes, a subtype of extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 40-150 nm in bloodstream and other bio-fluids, have attracted increasing interest. Exosomes contain proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, which act as important signaling molecules. Many reports indicate that exosomes play critical roles in chemoresistance through intercellular interactions, including drug removal from cells, transfer of drug resistance phenotypes to other cancer cells, and the increase in plastic stem cell subsets. Exosomes can reflect the physiological and pathological state of parent cells. Owing to their elevated stability, specificity, and sensitivity, exosomes are served as biomarkers in liquid biopsies to monitor cancer chemoresistance, progression, and recurrence. This review summarizes the exosome-mediated mechanisms of cancer chemoresistance, as well as its role in reversing and monitoring chemoresistance. The scientific and technological challenges and future applications of exosomes are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Na Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhengfan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bairen Pang
- St George Hospital, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Xingli Dong
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,St George Hospital, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Tianli Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Proteomic Landscape of Extracellular Vesicles for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Subtyping. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011004. [PMID: 34681663 PMCID: PMC8536203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) proteome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) pathology, subclassification, and patient screening is unexplored. We analyzed by state-of-the-art mass spectrometry the whole cell and secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) proteomes of different molecular subtypes of DLBCL, germinal center B cell (GCB subtype), and activated B cell (ABC subtype). After quality control assessment, we compared whole-cell and secreted EVs proteomes of the two cell-of-origin (COO) categories, GCB and ABC subtypes, resulting in 288/1115 significantly differential expressed proteins from the whole-cell proteome and 228/608 proteins from EVs (adjust p-value < 0.05/p-value < 0.05). In our preclinical model system, we demonstrated that the EV proteome and the whole-cell proteome possess the capacity to separate cell lines into ABC and GCB subtypes. KEGG functional analysis and GO enrichment analysis for cellular component, molecular function, and biological process of differential expressed proteins (DEP) between ABC and GCB EVs showed a significant enrichment of pathways involved in immune response function. Other enriched functional categories for DEPs constitute cellular signaling and intracellular trafficking such as B-cell receptor (BCR), Fc_gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, ErbB signaling, and endocytosis. Our results suggest EVs can be explored as a tool for patient diagnosis, follow-up, and disease monitoring. Finally, this study proposes novel drug targets based on highly expressed proteins, for which antitumor drugs are available suggesting potential combinatorial therapies for aggressive forms of DLBCL. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD028267.
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Lv L, Liu Y. Clinical Application of Liquid Biopsy in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:658234. [PMID: 33816315 PMCID: PMC8013700 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.658234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a common type of hematological malignant tumor, composed of multiple subtypes that originate from B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and natural killer cells. A diagnosis of NHL depends on the results of a pathology examination, which requires an invasive tissue biopsy. However, due to their invasive nature, tissue biopsies have many limitations in clinical applications, especially in terms of evaluating the therapeutic response and monitoring tumor progression. To overcome these limitations of traditional tissue biopsies, a technique known as "liquid biopsies" (LBs) was proposed. LBs refer to noninvasive examinations that can provide biological tumor data for analysis. Many studies have shown that LBs can be broadly applied to the diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and monitoring of NHL. This article will briefly review various LB methods that aim to improve NHL management, including the evaluation of cell-free DNA/circulating tumor DNA, microRNA, and tumor-derived exosomes extracted from peripheral blood in NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Lv
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanbo Liu
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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16
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Han C, Zhang C, Wang H, Zhao L. Exosome-mediated communication between tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages: implications for tumor microenvironment. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1887552. [PMID: 33680573 PMCID: PMC7901554 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1887552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released from numerous types of cells that are involved in multiple tumors development. Exosomes contribute to the modulation of tumor microenvironment (TME) through intercellular communication. As essential immune stromal cells in the TME, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) participate in tumor development by mediating angiogenesis, metastasis, chemoresistance, and immune escape. Due to communication with multiple cells in the TME, they exhibit plasticity and heterogeneity during the progress of polarization from monocytes to macrophages. Previous studies suggest that targeting TAMs is a promising therapeutic strategy; however, the detailed mechanism by which TAMs regulate tumor development still remains unclear. In this review, we provide an overview of the roles of exosomes as messengers in the communication between tumor cells and polarization of TAMs; we also describe the effects of their interaction on tumor development. Finally, we comprehensively discussed the potential application of exosomes as the promising tumor immunotherapy strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Han
- Research Center, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Research Center, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hengxiao Wang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lianmei Zhao
- Research Center, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Coronary Endothelium No-Reflow Injury Is Associated with ROS-Modified Mitochondrial Fission through the JNK-Drp1 Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6699516. [PMID: 33613824 PMCID: PMC7878075 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6699516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery no-reflow is a complex problem in the area of reperfusion therapy, and the molecular mechanisms underlying coronary artery no-reflow injury have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we explored whether oxidative stress caused damage to coronary endothelial cells by inducing mitochondrial fission and activating the JNK pathway. The hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model was induced in vitro to mimic coronary endothelial no-reflow injury, and mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial function, and endothelial cell viability were analyzed using western blotting, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunofluorescence. Our data indicated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) were significantly induced upon H/R injury, and this was followed by decreased endothelial cell viability. Mitochondrial fission was induced and mitochondrial bioenergetics were impaired in cardiac endothelial cells after H/R injury. Neutralization of ROS reduced mitochondrial fission and protected mitochondrial function against H/R injury. Our results also demonstrated that ROS stimulated mitochondrial fission via JNK-mediated Drp1 phosphorylation. These findings indicate that the ROS-JNK-Drp1 signaling pathway may be one of the molecular mechanisms underlying endothelial cell damage during H/R injury. Novel treatments for coronary no-reflow injury may involve targeting mitochondrial fission and the JNK-Drp1 signaling pathway.
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18
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Ma YS, Yang XL, Xin R, Liu JB, Fu D. Power and promise of exosomes as clinical biomarkers and therapeutic vectors for liquid biopsy and cancer control. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188497. [PMID: 33370570 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, microvesicles derived from the nuclear endosome and plasma membrane, can be released into the extracellular environment to act as mediators between the cell membrane and cytoplasmic proteins, lipids, or RNA. Exosomes are considered effective carriers of intercellular signals in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, because of their ability to efficiently transfer proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids between cellular compartments. Since the 2007 discovery that exosomes carry bioactive substances, exosomes have been intensively researched. In various physiological and pathological processes, exosomes play important biological roles by specifically combining with receptor cells and transmitting information. Their stable biological characteristics, diversity of contents, non-invasiveness path for introducing signaling molecules, and ability for rapid detection make exosomes a promising clinical diagnostic marker for potentially many pathological conditions, including cancers. Exosomes are not only considered biomarkers and prognostic disease factors, but also have potential as gene carriers and drug delivery vectors, and have important clinical significance and application potential in the fields of cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shui Ma
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Cancer Institute, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong 226631, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xiao-Li Yang
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Rui Xin
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ji-Bin Liu
- Cancer Institute, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong 226631, China
| | - Da Fu
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
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