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Su F, Koeberle A. Regulation and targeting of SREBP-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:673-708. [PMID: 38036934 PMCID: PMC11156753 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an increasing burden on global public health and is associated with enhanced lipogenesis, fatty acid uptake, and lipid metabolic reprogramming. De novo lipogenesis is under the control of the transcription factor sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) and essentially contributes to HCC progression. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the regulation of SREBP-1 isoforms in HCC based on cellular, animal, and clinical data. Specifically, we (i) address the overarching mechanisms for regulating SREBP-1 transcription, proteolytic processing, nuclear stability, and transactivation and (ii) critically discuss their impact on HCC, taking into account (iii) insights from pharmacological approaches. Emphasis is placed on cross-talk with the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt)-mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) axis, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), protein kinase A (PKA), and other kinases that directly phosphorylate SREBP-1; transcription factors, such as liver X receptor (LXR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator 1 (PGC-1), signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs), and Myc; epigenetic mechanisms; post-translational modifications of SREBP-1; and SREBP-1-regulatory metabolites such as oxysterols and polyunsaturated fatty acids. By carefully scrutinizing the role of SREBP-1 in HCC development, progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance, we shed light on the potential of SREBP-1-targeting strategies in HCC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengting Su
- Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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2
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Mai Y, Meng L, Deng G, Qin Y. The Role of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-Related Risk Factors and Drugs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2024; 11:159-171. [PMID: 38268569 PMCID: PMC10806369 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s441672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
With changes in modern lifestyles, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a global epidemic metabolic disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. T2DM is a complex metabolic disorder and has been considered an independent risk factor for HCC. Growing evidence supports that T2DM-related risk factors facilitate hepatocarcinogenesis via abundant mechanisms. With the wide implementation of microbiomics, transcriptomics, and immunotherapy, the understanding of the complex mechanisms of intestinal flora and immune cell subsets have advanced tremendously in T2DM-related HCC, uncovering new findings in T2DM-related HCC patients. In addition, reports have indicated the different effects of anti-DM drugs on the progression of HCC. In this review, we summarize the effects of major T2DM-related risk factors (including hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin, chronic inflammation, obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, gut microbiota and immunomodulation), and anti-DM drugs on the carcinogensis and progression of HCC, as well as their potential molecular mechanisms. In addition, other factors (miRNAs, genes, and lifestyle) related to T2DM-related HCC are discussed. We propose a refined concept by which T2DM-related risk factors and anti-DM drugs contribute to HCC and discuss research directions prompted by such evidence worth pursuing in the coming years. Finally, we put forward novel therapeutic approaches to improve the prognosis of T2DM-related HCC, including exploiting novel diagnostic biomarkers, combination therapy with immunocheckpoint inhibitors, and enhancement of the standardized management of T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Mai
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liheng Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ganlu Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingfen Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Wang G, Zhou Y, Yi B, Long Y, Ma B, Zhang Y. Comprehensive analysis of the prognostic value and biological function of TDG in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:1478-1495. [PMID: 37224078 PMCID: PMC10281473 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2216501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics plays an important role in the malignant progression of tumors, in which DNA methylation can alter genetic performance without altering the DNA sequence. As a key regulator demethylation, thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG) has been reported to participate in malignant progression of multiple tumors. In this study, we demonstrate that TDG is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its high expression is closely related to the poor prognosis of patients. Decreasing TDG expression can significantly inhibit the malignant biological behavior of HCC cells. ABL proto-oncogene 1(ABL1) was identified as a downstream gene regulated by TDG demethylation. In addition, TDG can affect the Hippo signaling pathway through ABL1 to regulate HCC cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration. Overall, our study demonstrated that TDG reduces DNA methylation of ABL1, increases ABL1 protein expression, and affects the Hippo signaling pathway to regulate the malignant progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Organ Transplantation, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yinwen Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Organ Transplantation, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yanli Long
- Department of Pathology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Organ Transplantation, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Organ Transplantation, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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4
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Cheng Y, Chen C, Wang F, Chen Z. A highly sensitive signal-on biosensor based on restriction enzyme-mediated molecular switch for detection of TET1. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 152:108433. [PMID: 37031472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1) is a member of the TET enzyme family of dioxygenases, which plays an important role in active DNA demethylation. Therefore, the sensitive TET1 detection could help us better understand DNA methylation-demethylation in epigenetics. Here we report a detection method that consists of electrode fabrication, TET1 modification, DNA digestion, signal-on oxidoreduction, and current peak monitoring. An exquisitely designed 5'end-G-rich oligodeoxynucleotide was synthesized bearing a methylated cytosine (5-mC), which formed into hairpin dsDNA with the MspI recognition sequence (CmCGG/GGCC). Then hairpin dsDNA was fabricated onto gold nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode (DNA/AuNPs/GCE) via Au-S bond. The combination uses of restriction enzyme MspI and hemin converted fabricated-dsDNA into peroxidase-mimicking DNAzyme, thereby promoting the reduction of H2O2 with a current peak. However, the current peak was extremely decreased once TET1 and T4 β-GT were used in advance. We confirmed a delicately linear relationship matching between the current difference and TET1 activity from 0.7 to 10.5 ng μL-1 with a detection limit of 0.027 ng μL-1, which outcompeted the former methods at least one order of magnitudes. The TET1 activity evaluation in the existence of Bobcat339 was also tested as the proof of concept of inhibitors screening. Our strategy provides a novel, label-free, and sensitive electrochemical approach that enables us to complete both TET1 activity evaluation and potential TET1 inhibitors screening.
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5
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Lee BB, Kim D, Kim Y, Han J, Shim YM, Kim DH. Metformin regulates expression of DNA methyltransferases through the miR-148/-152 family in non-small lung cancer cells. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:48. [PMID: 36959680 PMCID: PMC10037810 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01466-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To understand the molecular mechanisms involved in regulation of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) by metformin in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. METHODS Expression levels of DNMTs in response to metformin were analyzed in NSCLC cells. MicroRNAs regulating expression of DNMTs at the post-transcriptional level were searched using miRNA-target databases (miRDB and miRTarBase), TCGA RNASeqV2 lung cancer data, and miRNA-seq. RESULTS Metformin dose-dependently downregulated expression of DNMT1 and DNMT3a at the post-transcriptional level and expression of DNMT3b at the transcriptional level in A549 lung cancer cells. Activity of DNMTs was reduced by about 2.6-fold in A549 cells treated with 10 mM metformin for 72 h. miR-148/-152 family members (miR-148a, miR-148b, and miR-152) targeting the 3'UTR of DNMTs were associated with post-transcriptional regulation of DNMTs by metformin. Metformin upregulated expression of miR-148a, miR-148b, and miR-152 in A549 and H1650 cells. Transfection with an miR-148b plasmid or a mimic suppressed expression of DNMT1 and DNMT3b in A549 cells. Transfection with the miR-148a mimic in A549 and H1650 cells decreased the luciferase activity of DNMT1 3'UTR. A combination of metformin and cisplatin synergistically increased expression levels of miR-148/-152 family members but decreased expression of DNMTs in A549 cells. Low expression of miR-148b was associated with poor overall survival (HR = 2.56, 95% CI 1.09-6.47; P = 0.04) but not with recurrence-free survival. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that metformin inhibits expression of DNMTs by upregulating miR-148/-152 family members in NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Bin Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Dongho Kim
- Yonsei New I1 Han Institute for Integrative Lung Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03772, Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Joungho Han
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Young Mog Shim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Duk-Hwan Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
- Samsung Comprehensive Cancer CenterResearch Institute for Future Medicine S139-7, #50 Ilwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
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6
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Novel Anti-Cancer Products Targeting AMPK: Natural Herbal Medicine against Breast Cancer. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020740. [PMID: 36677797 PMCID: PMC9863744 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a common cancer in women worldwide. The existing clinical treatment strategies have been able to limit the progression of breast cancer and cancer metastasis, but abnormal metabolism, immunosuppression, and multidrug resistance involving multiple regulators remain the major challenges for the treatment of breast cancer. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) can regulate metabolic reprogramming and reverse the "Warburg effect" via multiple metabolic signaling pathways in breast cancer. Previous studies suggest that the activation of AMPK suppresses the growth and metastasis of breast cancer cells, as well as stimulating the responses of immune cells. However, some other reports claim that the development and poor prognosis of breast cancer are related to the overexpression and aberrant activation of AMPK. Thus, the role of AMPK in the progression of breast cancer is still controversial. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of AMPK, particularly the comprehensive bidirectional functions of AMPK in cancer progression; discuss the pharmacological activators of AMPK and some specific molecules, including the natural products (including berberine, curcumin, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, ginsenosides, and paclitaxel) that influence the efficacy of these activators in cancer therapy; and elaborate the role of AMPK as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer.
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7
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Aminzadeh-Gohari S, Kofler B, Herzog C. Dietary restriction in senolysis and prevention and treatment of disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5242-5268. [PMID: 36484738 PMCID: PMC7616065 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2153355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging represents a key risk factor for a plethora of diseases. Targeting detrimental processes which occur during aging, especially before onset of age-related disease, could provide drastic improvements in healthspan. There is increasing evidence that dietary restriction (DR), including caloric restriction, fasting, or fasting-mimicking diets, extend both lifespan and healthspan. This has sparked interest in the use of dietary regimens as a non-pharmacological means to slow aging and prevent disease. Here, we review the current evidence on the molecular mechanisms underlying DR-induced health improvements, including removal of senescent cells, metabolic reprogramming, and epigenetic rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Aminzadeh-Gohari
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabollism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Research Institute for Biomedical Ageing, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabollism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Chiara Herzog
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Research Institute for Biomedical Ageing, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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8
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Wang J, Jin J, Liang Y, Zhang Y, Wu N, Fan M, Zeng F, Deng F. miR-21-5p/PRKCE axis implicated in immune infiltration and poor prognosis of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:978840. [PMID: 36186442 PMCID: PMC9516396 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.978840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC or ccRCC) is the most notorious subtype of renal cell carcinoma for its poor prognosis. Mounting evidence has highlighted the key role of PRKCE in the initiation and development of several types of human cancer, including kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). However, the mechanism of PRKCE aberrant expression and the specific clinical correlation of PRKCE expression with immune cell infiltration in KIRC remains elusive. Therefore, we analyzed the relationship between PRKCE and KIRC using many databases, including Oncomine, TCGA, GTEx, TIMER, and GEO. We found that PRKCE decreased in KIRC tumor tissue compared to normal tissue. The Kaplan-Meier Plotter analysis and Univariate and Multivariate Cox analyses were used to evaluate the association between PRKCE and clinicopathological variables and prognosis. Low PRKCE expression was associated with poor survival and histologic grade, T stage, pathologic stage, and M stage. Besides, the C-indexes and calibration plots of the nomogram based on multivariate analysis showed an effective predictive performance for KIRC patients. In addition, PRKCE may be positively correlated with inflammation and negatively correlated with proliferation, metastasis, and invasion as identified by CancerSEA. Moreover, overexpression of PRKCE suppressed ACHN and Caki-1 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Additionally, methylation level data acquired from UALCAN, DiseaseMeth, CCLE, LinkedOmics, and MEXPRESS was used to investigate the relationship between PRKCE expression and PRKCE methylation level. Furthermore, upstream potential miRNA predictions were further performed to explore the mechanism of PRKCE decreased expression in KIRC using multiple online databases available on publicly assessable bioinformatics platforms. High PRKCE methylation levels and hsa-miR-21-5p may contribute to PRKCE low expression in KIRC. Finally, an analysis of immune infiltration indicated that PRKCE was associated with immune cell infiltration. Importantly, PRKCE may affect prognosis partially by regulating immune infiltration in KIRC. In summary, PRKCE may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker reflecting immune infiltration level and a novel therapeutic target in KIRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiang Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanling Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihe Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nisha Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingming Fan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangyin Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fangyin Zeng, ; Fan Deng,
| | - Fan Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fangyin Zeng, ; Fan Deng,
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9
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Metformin Mitigated Obesity-Driven Cancer Aggressiveness in Tumor-Bearing Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169134. [PMID: 36012397 PMCID: PMC9408975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin may offer benefits to certain cancer populations experiencing metabolic abnormalities. To extend the anticancer studies of metformin, a tumor model was established through the implantation of murine Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) cells to Normal Diet (ND)-fed and High-Fat Diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6 mice. The HFD-fed mice displayed metabolic and pro-inflammatory alterations together with accompanying aggressive tumor growth. Metformin mitigated tumor growth in HFD-fed mice, paralleled by reductions in circulating glucose, insulin, soluble P-selectin, TGF-β1 and High Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB1), as well as tumor expression of cell proliferation, aerobic glycolysis, glutaminolysis, platelets and neutrophils molecules. The suppressive effects of metformin on cell proliferation, migration and oncogenic signaling molecules were confirmed in cell study. Moreover, tumor-bearing HFD-fed mice had higher contents of circulating and tumor immunopositivity of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs)-associated molecules, with a suppressive effect from metformin. Data taken from neutrophil studies confirmed the inhibitory effect that metformin has on NET formation induced by HMGB1. Furthermore, HMGB1 was identified as a promoting molecule to boost the transition process towards NETs. The current study shows that metabolic, pro-inflammatory and NET alterations appear to play roles in the obesity-driven aggressiveness of cancer, while also representing candidate targets for anticancer potential of metformin.
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10
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Zhao Q, Lin X, Wang G. Targeting SREBP-1-Mediated Lipogenesis as Potential Strategies for Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:952371. [PMID: 35912181 PMCID: PMC9330218 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.952371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), a transcription factor with a basic helix–loop–helix leucine zipper, has two isoforms, SREBP-1a and SREBP-1c, derived from the same gene for regulating the genes of lipogenesis, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase. Importantly, SREBP-1 participates in metabolic reprogramming of various cancers and has been a biomarker for the prognosis or drug efficacy for the patients with cancer. In this review, we first introduced the structure, activation, and key upstream signaling pathway of SREBP-1. Then, the potential targets and molecular mechanisms of SREBP-1-regulated lipogenesis in various types of cancer, such as colorectal, prostate, breast, and hepatocellular cancer, were summarized. We also discussed potential therapies targeting the SREBP-1-regulated pathway by small molecules, natural products, or the extracts of herbs against tumor progression. This review could provide new insights in understanding advanced findings about SREBP-1-mediated lipogenesis in cancer and its potential as a target for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xingyu Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xingyu Lin, ; Guan Wang,
| | - Guan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xingyu Lin, ; Guan Wang,
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11
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Yan N, Li Y, Xing Y, Wu J, Li J, Liang Y, Tang Y, Wang Z, Song H, Wang H, Xiao S, Lu M. Developmental arsenic exposure impairs cognition, directly targets DNMT3A, and reduces DNA methylation. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54147. [PMID: 35373418 PMCID: PMC9171692 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental arsenic exposure has been associated with cognitive deficits in epidemiological studies, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we establish a mouse model of developmental arsenic exposure exhibiting deficits of recognition and spatial memory in the offspring. These deficits are associated with genome-wide DNA hypomethylation and abnormal expression of cognition-related genes in the hippocampus. Arsenic atoms directly bind to the cysteine-rich ADD domain of DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A), triggering ubiquitin- and proteasome-mediated degradation of DNMT3A in different cellular contexts. DNMT3A degradation leads to genome-wide DNA hypomethylation in mouse embryonic fibroblasts but not in non-embryonic cell lines. Treatment with metformin, a first-line antidiabetic agent reported to increase DNA methylation, ameliorates the behavioral deficits and normalizes the aberrant expression of cognition-related genes and DNA methylation in the hippocampus of arsenic-exposed offspring. Our study establishes a DNA hypomethylation effect of developmental arsenic exposure and proposes a potential treatment against cognitive deficits in the offspring of pregnant women in arsenic-contaminated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Yan
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuntong Li
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangfei Xing
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiale Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiabing Li
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yigang Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengyuan Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaxin Song
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shujun Xiao
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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12
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Wang L, Song K, Yu J, Da LT. Computational investigations on target-site searching and recognition mechanisms by thymine DNA glycosylase during DNA repair process. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:796-806. [PMID: 35593467 PMCID: PMC9828053 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA glycosylase, as one member of DNA repair machineries, plays an essential role in correcting mismatched/damaged DNA nucleotides by cleaving the N-glycosidic bond between the sugar and target nucleobase through the base excision repair (BER) pathways. Efficient corrections of these DNA lesions are critical for maintaining genome integrity and preventing premature aging and cancers. The target-site searching/recognition mechanisms and the subsequent conformational dynamics of DNA glycosylase, however, remain challenging to be characterized using experimental techniques. In this review, we summarize our recent studies of sequential structural changes of thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) during the DNA repair process, achieved mostly by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Computational simulations allow us to reveal atomic-level structural dynamics of TDG as it approaches the target-site, and pinpoint the key structural elements responsible for regulating the translocation of TDG along DNA. Subsequently, upon locating the lesions, TDG adopts a base-flipping mechanism to extrude the mispaired nucleobase into the enzyme active-site. The constructed kinetic network model elucidates six metastable states during the base-extrusion process and suggests an active role of TDG in flipping the intrahelical nucleobase. Finally, the molecular mechanism of product release dynamics after catalysis is also summarized. Taken together, we highlight to what extent the computational simulations advance our knowledge and understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the conformational dynamics of TDG, as well as the limitations of current theoretical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education)Shanghai Center for Systems BiomedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Kaiyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education)Shanghai Center for Systems BiomedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Physics and AstronomyDepartment of ChemistryNSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate ResearchUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCA92697USA
| | - Lin-Tai Da
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education)Shanghai Center for Systems BiomedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China,Correspondence address. Tel: +86-21-34207348; E-mail:
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13
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Wang Y, Wang Z, Yang H, Chen S, Zheng D, Liu X, Jiang Q, Chen Y. Metformin Ameliorates Chronic Colitis-Related Intestinal Fibrosis via Inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad3 Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:887497. [PMID: 35645830 PMCID: PMC9136141 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.887497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is considered to be a chronic complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and seriously threatening human health. Effective medical therapies or preventive measures are desirable but currently unavailable. Metformin has been proved to have a satisfactory anti-inflammatory effects in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Whether metformin can ameliorate chronic colitis-related intestinal fibrosis and the possible mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we established colitis-related intestinal fibrosis in mice by repetitive administration of TNBS or DSS. Preventive and therapeutic administration of metformin to chronic TNBS or DSS colitis mice indicated that metformin significantly attenuated intestinal fibrosis by suppressing Smad3 phosphorylation. In vitro studies with human colon fibroblast cell line (CCD-18Co) and primary human intestinal fibroblast treated with TGF-β1 confirmed the anti-fibrotic function of metformin for fibroblast activation, proliferation and collagen production. Mechanistically, metformin particularly inhibited phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad3 by blocking the interaction of Smad3 with TβRI. These findings suggest that metformin will be an attractive anti-fibrotic drug for intestinal fibrosis in future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiping Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuze Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dekai Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuying Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinrui Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Ye Chen,
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Stability and context of intercalated motifs (i-motifs) for biological applications. Biochimie 2022; 198:33-47. [PMID: 35259471 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
DNA is naturally dynamic and can self-assemble into alternative secondary structures including the intercalated motif (i-motif), a four-stranded structure formed in cytosine-rich DNA sequences. Until recently, i-motifs were thought to be unstable in physiological cellular environments. Studies demonstrating their existence in the human genome and role in gene regulation are now shining light on their biological relevance. Herein, we review the effects of epigenetic modifications on i-motif structure and stability, and biological factors that affect i-motif formation within cells. Furthermore, we highlight recent progress in targeting i-motifs with structure-specific ligands for biotechnology and therapeutic purposes.
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Huang Z, Liu X, Wu C, Lu S, Antony S, Zhou W, Zhang J, Wu Z, Tan Y, Fan X, You L, Jing Z, Wu J. A New Strategy to Identify ceRNA-Based CCDC144NL-AS1/SERPINE1 Regulatory Axis as a Novel Prognostic Biomarker for Stomach Adenocarcinoma via High Throughput Transcriptome Data Mining and Computational Verification. Front Oncol 2022; 11:802727. [PMID: 35155200 PMCID: PMC8828946 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.802727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is one of the most malignant cancers that endanger human health. There is growing evidence that competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks play an important role in various human tumors. However, the complexity and behavioral characteristics of the ceRNA network in STAD are still unclear. In this study, we constructed a ceRNA regulatory network to identify the potential prognostic biomarkers associated with STAD. The expression profile of lncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). After performing bioinformatics analysis, the CCDC144NL-AS1/hsa-miR-145-5p/SERPINE1 ceRNA network associated to STAD prognosis of STAD was obtained. The CCDC144NL-AS1/SERPINE1 axis in the ceRNA network was identified by correlation analysis and considered as a clinical prognosis model by Cox regression analysis. In addition, methylation analysis indicated that the abnormal upregulation of CCDC144NL-AS1/SERPINE1 axis might be related to the aberrant methylation of some sites, and immune infiltration analysis suggested that CCDC144NL-AS1/SERPINE1 axis probably influences the alteration of tumor immune microenvironment and the occurrence and development of STAD. In particular, the CCDC144NL-AS1/SERPINE1 axis based on the ceRNA network constructed in the present study might be an important novel factor correlating with the diagnosis and prognosis of STAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinkui Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Stalin Antony
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Pharmacy Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhishan Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Tan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotian Fan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Leiming You
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Jing
- Institute of Clinical Basic Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Li W, Liu JB, Hou LK, Yu F, Zhang J, Wu W, Tang XM, Sun F, Lu HM, Deng J, Bai J, Li J, Wu CY, Lin QL, Lv ZW, Wang GR, Jiang GX, Ma YS, Fu D. Liquid biopsy in lung cancer: significance in diagnostics, prediction, and treatment monitoring. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:25. [PMID: 35057806 PMCID: PMC8772097 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01505-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in China. Approximately 60% of lung cancer patients have distant metastasis at the initial diagnosis, so it is necessary to find new tumor markers for early diagnosis and individualized treatment. Tumor markers contribute to the early diagnosis of lung cancer and play important roles in early detection and treatment, as well as in precision medicine, efficacy monitoring, and prognosis prediction. The pathological diagnosis of lung cancer in small biopsy specimens determines whether there are tumor cells in the biopsy and tumor type. Because biopsy is traumatic and the compliance of patients with multiple biopsies is poor, liquid biopsy has become a hot research direction. Liquid biopsies are advantageous because they are nontraumatic, easy to obtain, reflect the overall state of the tumor, and allow for real-time monitoring. At present, liquid biopsies mainly include circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, exosomes, microRNA, circulating RNA, tumor platelets, and tumor endothelial cells. This review introduces the research progress and clinical application prospect of liquid biopsy technology for lung cancer.
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Guo F, Estévez-Vázquez O, Benedé-Ubieto R, Maya-Miles D, Zheng K, Gallego-Durán R, Rojas Á, Ampuero J, Romero-Gómez M, Philip K, Egbuniwe IU, Chen C, Simon J, Delgado TC, Martínez-Chantar ML, Sun J, Reissing J, Bruns T, Lamas-Paz A, del Moral MG, Woitok MM, Vaquero J, Regueiro JR, Liedtke C, Trautwein C, Bañares R, Cubero FJ, Nevzorova YA. A Shortcut from Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) to Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): c-MYC a Promising Target for Preventative Strategies and Individualized Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010192. [PMID: 35008356 PMCID: PMC8750626 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a chronic liver disease associated with obesity, diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2), and hyperlipidemia. It can also progress to end-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); the underlying mechanisms are still unknown, but endogenous (i.e., genetic) factors such as oncogenes have been suggested to play a role. We found that c-MYC transgenic mice with ageing are prone to develop obesity, metabolic syndrome (MS), and abnormal accumulation of lipids in the liver compared to control mice. A short-term application of the Western diet (WD) significantly worsened the phenotype and accelerate HCC development. Importantly, we found that metformin as therapeutic approach significantly attenuated MAFLD phenotype in transgenic mice. We also observed that c-MYC is up-regulated in human patients with MAFLD and MAFLD-related HCC. Altogether the current study suggests an important role of the oncogene c-MYC during the progression from MAFLD to HCC and makes c-MYC a possible target for preventative strategies and individualized therapy. Abstract Background: Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has risen as one of the leading etiologies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Oncogenes have been suggested to be responsible for the high risk of MAFLD-related HCC. We analyzed the impact of the proto-oncogene c-MYC in the development of human and murine MAFLD and MAFLD-associated HCC. Methods: alb-myctg mice were studied at baseline conditions and after administration of Western diet (WD) in comparison to WT littermates. c-MYC expression was analyzed in biopsies of patients with MAFLD and MAFLD-associated HCC by immunohistochemistry. Results: Mild obesity, spontaneous hyperlipidaemia, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance were characteristic of 36-week-old alb-myctg mice. Middle-aged alb-myctg exhibited liver steatosis and increased triglyceride content. Liver injury and inflammation were associated with elevated ALT, an upregulation of ER-stress response and increased ROS production, collagen deposition and compensatory proliferation. At 52 weeks, 20% of transgenic mice developed HCC. WD feeding exacerbated metabolic abnormalities, steatohepatitis, fibrogenesis and tumor prevalence. Therapeutic use of metformin partly attenuated the spontaneous MAFLD phenotype of alb-myctg mice. Importantly, upregulation and nuclear localization of c-MYC were characteristic of patients with MAFLD and MAFLD-related HCC. Conclusions: A novel function of c-MYC in MAFLD progression was identified opening new avenues for preventative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Guo
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 12 de Octubre (imas12) Health Research Institute, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.); (O.E.-V.); (R.B.-U.); (K.Z.); (C.C.); (A.L.-P.); (J.R.R.); (R.B.); (F.J.C.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Olga Estévez-Vázquez
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 12 de Octubre (imas12) Health Research Institute, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.); (O.E.-V.); (R.B.-U.); (K.Z.); (C.C.); (A.L.-P.); (J.R.R.); (R.B.); (F.J.C.)
| | - Raquel Benedé-Ubieto
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 12 de Octubre (imas12) Health Research Institute, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.); (O.E.-V.); (R.B.-U.); (K.Z.); (C.C.); (A.L.-P.); (J.R.R.); (R.B.); (F.J.C.)
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Douglas Maya-Miles
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), SeLiver Group, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain; (D.M.-M.); (R.G.-D.); (Á.R.); (J.A.); (M.R.-G.)
- UCM Digestive Diseases, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.); (M.L.M.-C.); (J.V.)
| | - Kang Zheng
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 12 de Octubre (imas12) Health Research Institute, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.); (O.E.-V.); (R.B.-U.); (K.Z.); (C.C.); (A.L.-P.); (J.R.R.); (R.B.); (F.J.C.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China;
| | - Rocío Gallego-Durán
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), SeLiver Group, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain; (D.M.-M.); (R.G.-D.); (Á.R.); (J.A.); (M.R.-G.)
- UCM Digestive Diseases, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.); (M.L.M.-C.); (J.V.)
| | - Ángela Rojas
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), SeLiver Group, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain; (D.M.-M.); (R.G.-D.); (Á.R.); (J.A.); (M.R.-G.)
- UCM Digestive Diseases, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.); (M.L.M.-C.); (J.V.)
| | - Javier Ampuero
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), SeLiver Group, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain; (D.M.-M.); (R.G.-D.); (Á.R.); (J.A.); (M.R.-G.)
- UCM Digestive Diseases, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.); (M.L.M.-C.); (J.V.)
| | - Manuel Romero-Gómez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), SeLiver Group, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain; (D.M.-M.); (R.G.-D.); (Á.R.); (J.A.); (M.R.-G.)
- UCM Digestive Diseases, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.); (M.L.M.-C.); (J.V.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Kaye Philip
- Department of Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen’s Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (K.P.); (I.U.E.)
| | - Isioma U. Egbuniwe
- Department of Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen’s Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (K.P.); (I.U.E.)
| | - Chaobo Chen
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 12 de Octubre (imas12) Health Research Institute, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.); (O.E.-V.); (R.B.-U.); (K.Z.); (C.C.); (A.L.-P.); (J.R.R.); (R.B.); (F.J.C.)
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Xishan People’s Hospital, Wuxi 214000, China
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jorge Simon
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.); (M.L.M.-C.); (J.V.)
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain;
| | - Teresa C. Delgado
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain;
| | - María Luz Martínez-Chantar
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.); (M.L.M.-C.); (J.V.)
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain;
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China;
| | - Johanna Reissing
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.R.); (T.B.); (M.M.W.); (C.L.); (C.T.)
| | - Tony Bruns
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.R.); (T.B.); (M.M.W.); (C.L.); (C.T.)
| | - Arantza Lamas-Paz
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 12 de Octubre (imas12) Health Research Institute, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.); (O.E.-V.); (R.B.-U.); (K.Z.); (C.C.); (A.L.-P.); (J.R.R.); (R.B.); (F.J.C.)
| | - Manuel Gómez del Moral
- Department of Cell Biology, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marius Maximilian Woitok
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.R.); (T.B.); (M.M.W.); (C.L.); (C.T.)
| | - Javier Vaquero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.); (M.L.M.-C.); (J.V.)
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - José R. Regueiro
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 12 de Octubre (imas12) Health Research Institute, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.); (O.E.-V.); (R.B.-U.); (K.Z.); (C.C.); (A.L.-P.); (J.R.R.); (R.B.); (F.J.C.)
| | - Christian Liedtke
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.R.); (T.B.); (M.M.W.); (C.L.); (C.T.)
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.R.); (T.B.); (M.M.W.); (C.L.); (C.T.)
| | - Rafael Bañares
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 12 de Octubre (imas12) Health Research Institute, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.); (O.E.-V.); (R.B.-U.); (K.Z.); (C.C.); (A.L.-P.); (J.R.R.); (R.B.); (F.J.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.); (M.L.M.-C.); (J.V.)
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Cubero
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 12 de Octubre (imas12) Health Research Institute, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.); (O.E.-V.); (R.B.-U.); (K.Z.); (C.C.); (A.L.-P.); (J.R.R.); (R.B.); (F.J.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.); (M.L.M.-C.); (J.V.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yulia A. Nevzorova
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 12 de Octubre (imas12) Health Research Institute, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.); (O.E.-V.); (R.B.-U.); (K.Z.); (C.C.); (A.L.-P.); (J.R.R.); (R.B.); (F.J.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.); (M.L.M.-C.); (J.V.)
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.R.); (T.B.); (M.M.W.); (C.L.); (C.T.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)241-80-80662; Fax: +49-(0)241-80-82455
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Hindi NN, Elsakrmy N, Ramotar D. The base excision repair process: comparison between higher and lower eukaryotes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7943-7965. [PMID: 34734296 PMCID: PMC11071731 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03990-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The base excision repair (BER) pathway is essential for maintaining the stability of DNA in all organisms and defects in this process are associated with life-threatening diseases. It is involved in removing specific types of DNA lesions that are induced by both exogenous and endogenous genotoxic substances. BER is a multi-step mechanism that is often initiated by the removal of a damaged base leading to a genotoxic intermediate that is further processed before the reinsertion of the correct nucleotide and the restoration of the genome to a stable structure. Studies in human and yeast cells, as well as fruit fly and nematode worms, have played important roles in identifying the components of this conserved DNA repair pathway that maintains the integrity of the eukaryotic genome. This review will focus on the components of base excision repair, namely, the DNA glycosylases, the apurinic/apyrimidinic endonucleases, the DNA polymerase, and the ligases, as well as other protein cofactors. Functional insights into these conserved proteins will be provided from humans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Drosophila melanogaster, and Caenorhabditis elegans, and the implications of genetic polymorphisms and knockouts of the corresponding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagham Nafiz Hindi
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Noha Elsakrmy
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dindial Ramotar
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Doha, Qatar.
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19
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Shi Y, Liu JB, Deng J, Zou DZ, Wu JJ, Cao YH, Yin J, Ma YS, Da F, Li W. The role of ceRNA-mediated diagnosis and therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hereditas 2021; 158:44. [PMID: 34758879 PMCID: PMC8582193 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-021-00208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide due to its high degree of malignancy, high incidence, and low survival rate. However, the underlying mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis remain unclear. Long non coding RNA (lncRNA) has been shown as a novel type of RNA. lncRNA by acting as ceRNA can participate in various biological processes of HCC cells, such as tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and drug resistance by regulating downstream target gene expression and cancer-related signaling pathways. Meanwhile, lncRNA can predict the efficacy of treatment strategies for HCC and serve as a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC. Therefore, lncRNA serving as ceRNA may become a vital candidate biomarker for clinical diagnosis and treatment. In this review, the epidemiology of HCC, including morbidity, mortality, regional distribution, risk factors, and current treatment advances, was briefly discussed, and some biological functions of lncRNA in HCC were summarized with emphasis on the molecular mechanism and clinical application of lncRNA-mediated ceRNA regulatory network in HCC. This paper can contribute to the better understanding of the mechanism of the influence of lncRNA-mediated ceRNA networks (ceRNETs) on HCC and provide directions and strategies for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shi
- College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, Hunan, China.,Cancer Institute, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226631, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Ji-Bin Liu
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226631, China
| | - Jing Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Da-Zhi Zou
- Department of Spine Surgery, Longhui County People's Hospital, Longhui, 422200, Hunan, China
| | - Jian-Jun Wu
- Nantong Haimen Yuelai Health Centre, Haimen, 226100, China
| | - Ya-Hong Cao
- Department of Respiratory, Nantong Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Haian people's Hospital, Haian, 226600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Shui Ma
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226631, China.
| | - Fu Da
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226631, China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China.
| | - Wen Li
- College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, Hunan, China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China.
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20
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Jhu JW, Yan JB, Lin ZH, Lin SC, Peng IC. SREBP1-Induced Glutamine Synthetase Triggers a Feedforward Loop to Upregulate SREBP1 through Sp1 O-GlcNAcylation and Augments Lipid Droplet Formation in Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9814. [PMID: 34575972 PMCID: PMC8469118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamine and lipids are two important components of proliferating cancer cells. Studies have demonstrated that glutamine synthetase (GS) boosts glutamine-dependent anabolic processes for nucleotide and protein synthesis, but the role of GS in regulating lipogenesis remains unclear. This study identified that insulin and glutamine deprivation activated the lipogenic transcription factor sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) that bound to the GS promoter and increased its transcription. Notably, GS enhanced the O-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) of the specificity protein 1 (Sp1) that induced SREBP1/acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) expression resulting in lipid droplet (LD) accumulation upon insulin treatment. Moreover, glutamine deprivation induced LD formation through GS-mediated O-GlcNAc-Sp1/SREBP1/ACC1 signaling and supported cell survival. These findings demonstrate that insulin and glutamine deprivation induces SREBP1 that transcriptionally activates GS, resulting in Sp1 O-GlcNAcylation. Subsequently, O-GlcNAc-Sp1 transcriptionally upregulates the expression of SREBP1, resulting in a feedforward loop that increases lipogenesis and LD formation in liver and breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wei Jhu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan; (J.-W.J.); (J.-B.Y.); (Z.-H.L.)
| | - Jia-Bao Yan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan; (J.-W.J.); (J.-B.Y.); (Z.-H.L.)
| | - Zou-Han Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan; (J.-W.J.); (J.-B.Y.); (Z.-H.L.)
| | - Shih-Chieh Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan;
| | - I-Chen Peng
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan; (J.-W.J.); (J.-B.Y.); (Z.-H.L.)
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21
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Tian J, Wang L, Da LT. Atomic resolution of short-range sliding dynamics of thymine DNA glycosylase along DNA minor-groove for lesion recognition. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:1278-1293. [PMID: 33469643 PMCID: PMC7897493 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG), as a repair enzyme, plays essential roles in maintaining the genome integrity by correcting several mismatched/damaged nucleobases. TDG acquires an efficient strategy to search for the lesions among a vast number of cognate base pairs. Currently, atomic-level details of how TDG translocates along DNA as it approaches the lesion site and the molecular mechanisms of the interplay between TDG and DNA are still elusive. Here, by constructing the Markov state model based on hundreds of molecular dynamics simulations with an integrated simulation time of ∼25 μs, we reveal the rotation-coupled sliding dynamics of TDG along a 9 bp DNA segment containing one G·T mispair. We find that TDG translocates along DNA at a relatively faster rate when distant from the lesion site, but slows down as it approaches the target, accompanied by deeply penetrating into the minor-groove, opening up the mismatched base pair and significantly sculpturing the DNA shape. Moreover, the electrostatic interactions between TDG and DNA are found to be critical for mediating the TDG translocation. Notably, several uncharacterized TDG residues are identified to take part in regulating the conformational switches of TDG occurred in the site-transfer process, which warrants further experimental validations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lingyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lin-Tai Da
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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22
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Shi Y, Zhang DD, Liu JB, Yang XL, Xin R, Jia CY, Wang HM, Lu GX, Wang PY, Liu Y, Li ZJ, Deng J, Lin QL, Ma L, Feng SS, Chen XQ, Zheng XM, Zhou YF, Hu YJ, Yin HQ, Tian LL, Gu LP, Lv ZW, Yu F, Li W, Ma YS, Da F. Comprehensive analysis to identify DLEU2L/TAOK1 axis as a prognostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 23:702-718. [PMID: 33575116 PMCID: PMC7851426 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest malignant tumors that are harmful to human health. Increasing evidence has underscored the critical role of the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks among various human cancers. However, the complexity and behavior characteristics of the ceRNA network in HCC were still unclear. In this study, we aimed to clarify a phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-related ceRNA regulatory network and identify potential prognostic markers associated with HCC. The expression profiles of three RNAs (long non-coding RNAs [lncRNAs], microRNAs [miRNAs], and mRNAs) were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The DLEU2L-hsa-miR-100-5p/ hsa-miR-99a-5p-TAOK1 ceRNA network related to the prognosis of HCC was obtained by performing bioinformatics analysis. Importantly, we identified the DLEU2L/TAOK1 axis in the ceRNA by using correlation analysis, and it appeared to become a clinical prognostic model by Cox regression analysis. Furthermore, methylation analyses suggested that the abnormal upregulation of the DLEU2L/TAOK1 axis likely resulted from hypomethylation, and immune infiltration analysis showed that the DLEU2L/TAOK1 axis may have an impact on the changes in the tumor immune microenvironment and the development of HCC. In summary, the current study constructing a ceRNA-based DLEU2L/TAOK1 axis might be a novel important prognostic factor associated with the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.,Cancer Institute, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong 226631, China.,College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, Hunan, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China.,Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ji-Bin Liu
- Cancer Institute, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong 226631, China
| | - Xiao-Li Yang
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Rui Xin
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Cheng-You Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Hui-Min Wang
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Gai-Xia Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Pei-Yao Wang
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yu Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.,College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, Hunan, China
| | - Zi-Jin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Qin-Lu Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Liang Ma
- College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, Hunan, China
| | - Shan-Shan Feng
- College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang-Min Zheng
- College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-Fu Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Yong-Jun Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Hua-Qun Yin
- School of Resource Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Lin-Lin Tian
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Li-Peng Gu
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Wen Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.,College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Shui Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.,Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fu Da
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.,Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
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