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Mansour R, Al-Ani A, Al-Hussaini M, Abdel-Razeq H, Al-Ibraheem A, Mansour AH. Modifiable risk factors for cancer in the middle East and North Africa: a scoping review. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:223. [PMID: 38238708 PMCID: PMC10797965 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17787-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This scoping review examines controllable predisposing factors attributable to cancer in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region's adult population, highlighting opportunities to enhance cancer prevention programs. DESIGN We systematically searched the PubMed, Science Direct, and CINAHL, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from 1997 to 2022 for articles reporting on the impact of modifiable risk factors on adult patients with cancer in the MENA region. RESULTS The review identified 42 relevant articles, revealing that tobacco consumption, obesity, physical inactivity, and diet are significant modifiable risk factors for cancer in the region. Tobacco smoking is a leading cause of lung, bladder, squamous cell carcinoma, and colorectal cancer. A shift towards a westernized, calorie-dense diet has been observed, with some evidence suggesting that a Mediterranean diet may be protective against cancer. Obesity is a known risk factor for cancer, particularly breast malignancy, but further research is needed to determine its impact in the MENA region. Physical inactivity has been linked to colorectal cancer, but more studies are required to establish this relationship conclusively. Alcohol consumption, infections, and exposure to environmental carcinogens are additional risk factors, although the literature on these topics is limited. CONCLUSION The review emphasizes the need for further research and the development of targeted cancer prevention strategies in the MENA region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razan Mansour
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, USA
| | - Abdallah Al-Ani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Maysa Al-Hussaini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hikmat Abdel-Razeq
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Akram Al-Ibraheem
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Asem H Mansour
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan.
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Jokar M, Namavari N, Moshiri SA, Jahromi HK, Rahmanian V. The incidence of oral cavity cancer in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023:e1836. [PMID: 37191384 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Oral cancer is now a top priority for non-communicable illnesses and universal health care plans, according to the WHO. There is no general estimate of the incidence of oral cavity cancer in Iran, despite multiple investigations. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) of oral cavity cancers in Iran. METHOD In accordance with the MOOSE (Meta-analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) Checklist recommendations, this systematic review was conducted. PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Embase, Scopus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar were used as the international databases for the systematic literature search, while SID (Scientific Information Database), Magiran and element were used as the Iranian databases. The heterogeneity of the research will be evaluated by means of the inverse variance and Cochran Q tests, along with random-effect models. It was determined what caused the heterogeneity using a meta-regression model. By eliminating experiments one at a time, sensitivity analysis was used. The meta-analysis was corrected utilizing the Trim-and-fill method due to the identification of noteworthy publication bias via the Egger's test and asymmetry of the funnel plot. RESULTS This research incorporated a total of 22 journal articles. The pooled ASR of oral cavity cancer for males and females was estimated at 1.96 (95% CI: 1.65-2.26) (Q statistic = 1118.09, df = 25, p < .0001, I2 = 97.8%), and 1.46 (95% CI: 1.14-1.77) (Q statistic = 2576.99, df = 26, p < .0001, I2 = 99.0%), respectively. According to the funnel plots and Egger's test, there is no evidence of publication bias in studies reporting on males (bias = 1.3220, 95% CI: -3.9571, 6.6012, p = .610), but for ASR in females, Egger's test was significant (bias = -7.6366, 95% CI: 2.2141, 13.05904, p = .008). Based on Trim-and-fill methods, overall ASR corrected in females was estimated to be 1.36 (95% CI: 1.05%-1.66%). CONCLUSION Iran's oral cavity cancer incidence was lower than the global average, but owing to variables including an aging population, a rise in life expectancy, and exposure to risk factors like smoking, we anticipate an increasing trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jokar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Negin Namavari
- School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Science, Jahrom, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Kargar Jahromi
- Research Center for Non-Communicable Disease, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Vahid Rahmanian
- Department of Public Health, Torbat Jam Faculty of Medical Sciences, Torbat Jam, Iran
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Ali D, Kuyunov I, Baskaradoss JK, Mikami T. Comparison of periodontal status and salivary IL-15 and -18 levels in cigarette-smokers and individuals using electronic nicotine delivery systems. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:655. [PMID: 36585711 PMCID: PMC9801525 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02700-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is hypothesized that periodontal status is compromised and whole salivary (WS) interleukin (IL)-15 and IL-18 levels are higher among cigarette-smokers and electronic-nicotine-delivery-systems (ENDS)-users than never-smokers. The aim of the present case-control study was to compare the periodontal status and WS IL-15 and -18 levels among cigarette-smokers, ENDS-users and controls (never-smokers). METHODS Participants were divided into 4 groups as follows: Group-1:Current cigarette-smokers; Group-2:ENDS-users; Group-3:Never-smokers with periodontitis; and Group-4: Never-smokers without periodontitis. Demographic data was collected and plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing-depth (PD), clinical attachment-loss (AL), and marginal bone loss (MBL) were measured. Number of missing teeth were recorded and WS IL-15 and IL-18 levels were determined. Group-comparisons were done and P < 0.01 was selected as an indicator of statistical analysis. RESULTS Nineteen, 18, 19 and 19 individuals were enrolled in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Scores of PI, clinical AL, PD, and number of missing-teeth were elevated in groups 1(P < 0.001), 2 (P < 0.001) and 3 (P < 0.001) than -4. Scores of PI, clinical AL, PD, MBL and missing teeth were comparable among patients in groups 1, 2 and 3. Levels of IL-15 and IL-18 were elevated in groups 1 (P < 0.001) and 2 (P < 0.001) than groups 3 and 4. The levels of IL-15 and -18 were higher in Group-3 than in Group-4 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Clinically, cigarette-smokers and never-smokers demonstrate similar periodontal statuses; however, WS immunoinflammatory biomarkers (IL-15 and -18) are elevated in these individuals than non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena Ali
- grid.411196.a0000 0001 1240 3921Department of General Dental Practice, Kuwait University, Safat, P. O. Box 24923, 13110 Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Isaac Kuyunov
- Specialist in Prosthodontics, Dental Prosthodontics of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14618 USA
| | - Jagan Kumar Baskaradoss
- grid.411196.a0000 0001 1240 3921Department of Developmental and Preventive Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Toshinari Mikami
- Pax Creation Medical Lab, Morioka, Japan ,grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Lab Central College of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Rai P, Ng A, Intekhab I, Sim YF, Lai CWM, Loh J. Oral Cancer in Asia - A systematic review. ADVANCES IN ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adoms.2022.100366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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de Carvalho Guimarães GL, Belo IS, Siqueira LFR, Ribeiro MTL, de Castro LL, de Oliveira GJPL, de Castro LA. Hookah Smoking among Brazilian University Students: An Exploratory Survey on the Prevalence and Perceptions of Addiction and its Harmfulness. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2022; 14:166-174. [PMID: 36544976 PMCID: PMC9743827 DOI: 10.34172/ahj.2022.1354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to determine the prevalence, beliefs, attitudes, and perceptions of hookah use in a population of undergraduate students at a large public university in Brazil. Methods The sample consisted of 1348 undergraduate students aged over 18-year-old. They completed structured questionnaires on demographic information and close-ended questions on the past and current experiences of smoking hookah. The data underwent descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression. Findings Finally, 1298 valid survey forms were obtained from printed and digital questionnaires. More than half (53.9%) of participants reported having tried hookah at least once, however, only 10.8% reported they had experienced it within the last 30 days. The majority of the studied population presented acceptable beliefs about the harmfulness and addictive capacity of hookah smoking. However, when comparing the perceptions of those who had smoked and those who had never smoked hookah, and also, the perceptions of users and non-users, significant differences were observed. Students who were users or had already tried hookah showed a tendency to underestimate the deleterious effects of this type of smoking. Conclusion It could be concluded that hookah smoking was common among Brazilian university students. In addition, preoccupying misperceptions of hookah's harmfulness and addictive capacity were found. The results showed that the epidemic of hookah smoking, especially among young people, has spread far beyond the Arab world and the Persians. Accordingly, preventive measures must be taken if this population is to be protected from addiction and other serious health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iara Silva Belo
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Luciano Alberto de Castro
- Department of Stomatological Sciences, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil,Corresponding Author: Luciano Alberto de Castro, DDS, MSc, PhD; Assistant Professor at the Department of Stomatological Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Campus 1, Sem número, Praça Universitária, Goiânia, Brazil. Postal code: 74605-020, Tel/Fax: 55 62-3209- 6230,
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Hadjigol S, Shah BA, O’Brien-Simpson NM. The ‘Danse Macabre’—Neutrophils the Interactive Partner Affecting Oral Cancer Outcomes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:894021. [PMID: 35784290 PMCID: PMC9243430 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.894021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, tremendous advances in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer have taken place. However for head and neck cancers, including oral cancer, the overall survival rate is below 50% and they remain the seventh most common malignancy worldwide. These cancers are, commonly, aggressive, genetically complex, and difficult to treat and the delay, which often occurs between early recognition of symptoms and diagnosis, and the start of treatment of these cancers, is associated with poor prognosis. Cancer development and progression occurs in concert with alterations in the surrounding stroma, with the immune system being an essential element in this process. Despite neutrophils having major roles in the pathology of many diseases, they were thought to have little impact on cancer development and progression. Recent studies are now challenging this notion and placing neutrophils as central interactive players with other immune and tumor cells in affecting cancer pathology. This review focuses on how neutrophils and their sub-phenotypes, N1, N2, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, both directly and indirectly affect the anti-tumor and pro-tumor immune responses. Emphasis is placed on what is currently known about the interaction of neutrophils with myeloid innate immune cells (such as dendritic cells and macrophages), innate lymphoid cells, natural killer cells, and fibroblasts to affect the tumor microenvironment and progression of oral cancer. A better understanding of this dialog will allow for improved therapeutics that concurrently target several components of the tumor microenvironment, increasing the possibility of constructive and positive outcomes for oral cancer patients. For this review, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for manuscripts using keywords and combinations thereof of “oral cancer, OSCC, neutrophils, TANs, MDSC, immune cells, head and neck cancer, and tumor microenvironment” with a focus on publications from 2018 to 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hadjigol
- *Correspondence: Neil M. O’Brien-Simpson, ; Sara Hadjigol,
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Alves MGO, Carvalho BFDC, Marques SS, Lopes MA, Almeida JD. Waterpipe tobacco smoking and oral health: what is important to know? Addiction 2022; 117:1493-1494. [PMID: 34873767 DOI: 10.1111/add.15776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mônica Ghislaine Oliveira Alves
- Technology Research Center (NPT), Universidade Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Anhembi Morumbi University, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Fernandes do Carmo Carvalho
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Silva Marques
- São Paulo State Reference Center on Alcohol, Tobacco and other Drugs- Secretary of Health, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcio Ajudarte Lopes
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janete Dias Almeida
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Early-onset oral cancer as a clinical entity: aetiology and pathogenesis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022; 51:1497-1509. [PMID: 35487818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most important medical and socio-economic problems in many of the developed countries worldwide, due to the high mortality. The incidence of OSCC among individuals under 45 years of age is growing every year; however, the aetiological factors and pathogenetic mechanisms are poorly understood. This review summarizes the available information regarding clinicopathological features, extrinsic and intrinsic aetiological factors, and the molecular and immune landscape of early-onset OSCC. This cancer shows high recurrence rates and is not associated with the aetiological factors specific to adult-onset OSCC. Young adults with OSCC are not infected with human papillomavirus and rarely consume alcohol or tobacco, but more frequently use smokeless tobacco. Data from single studies indicate the hereditary nature of early-onset OSCC: the KIR2DL1+-HLA-C2+ genotype and MMP-1 2 G allele are frequently detected in young patients. Early-onset OSCC shows specific genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic changes. The tumour microenvironment in early-onset OSCC is tolerogenic rather than immunogenic. All of the data suggest that OSCC in young patients is a separate clinical entity with a specific aetiology and pathogenesis. Further studies are needed to reveal the causes and molecular targets of early-onset OSCC for the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Al Suwyed AS, Al Zoman KH, Robert AA, Al-Nowaiser AM, Alabdely MH, Al Mubarak S. The silent epidemic of common oral diseases among the Arab population: An emerging health problem. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:2768-2774. [PMID: 34660403 PMCID: PMC8483081 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_323_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral diseases are often ignored in public health policy within the Arab world, despite being a prevalent public health problem exerting a significant continuous increasing socioeconomic cost. This review paper explored the current status of the common oral diseases (dental caries, periodontal disease, oral cancer, and oro-facial trauma) in the Arab world through a literature search of the PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Google databases between 1998 and 2021. The literature available revealed sufficient evidence to support that oral diseases are highly prevalent in Arab nations. Collective, multi-sectorial action to reduce and eliminate oral diseases among the Arab population has become an urgent need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz S Al Suwyed
- College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid H Al Zoman
- Dental Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asirvatham Alwin Robert
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Sultan Al Mubarak
- Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Algudaibi LY, AlMeaigel S, AlQahtani N, Shaheen NA, Aboalela A. Oral and oropharyngeal cancer: Knowledge, attitude and practices among medical and dental practitioners. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021; 4:e1349. [PMID: 33660423 PMCID: PMC8388168 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral and oropharyngeal cancer are significant health problems. They are both life‐threatening conditions usually diagnosed at an advanced stage causing survival rates to decline. Aim To assess and compare practices, knowledge and attitude regarding oral and oropharyngeal cancer between dental and medical practitioners. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted to assess knowledge, attitude and practices of oral and oropharyngeal cancer among dental and medical practitioners at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 360 participants were included in the study using a convenient sampling technique. Participants were approached in their clinics and printed self‐administered questionnaire were handed over to them after signing a written consent form. Frequency distribution and Chi‐Square test were used for the statistical analysis and the level of significance was set at P value of .05 or less. Results A total of 174 participants responded. Assessment of oral and oropharyngeal cancer knowledge between dental practitioners and medical practitioners showed comparable results. Regarding practices, a significant difference was seen between medical practitioners and dental practitioners in determining the duration of intra‐oral ulcer to consider urgent referral (P = .006) and in number of referrals made in relation to suspicious oral lesions (P = .002). Moreover, a significant difference (P = .006) was seen between medical practitioners and dental practitioners in determining the duration of intra‐oral ulcer to consider urgent referral. Conclusion Medical and dental practitioners showed areas of differences in practice, attitude and knowledge of oral and oropharyngeal cancer that when addressed would lead to improved survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Yousef Algudaibi
- College of DentistryKing Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health SciencesRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research CenterRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
- National Guard Health AffairsRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahad AlMeaigel
- College of DentistryKing Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health SciencesRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research CenterRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
- National Guard Health AffairsRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf AlQahtani
- College of DentistryKing Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health SciencesRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research CenterRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
- National Guard Health AffairsRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Naila A. Shaheen
- King Abdullah International Medical Research CenterRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
- National Guard Health AffairsRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin‐Abdulaziz University for Health SciencesRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Aboalela
- College of DentistryKing Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health SciencesRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research CenterRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
- National Guard Health AffairsRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Varoni EM, Lombardi N, Franchini R, D'Amore F, Noviello V, Cassani B, Moneghini L, Sardella A, Lodi G. Oral Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and sexual behaviors in a young cohort of oral cancer survivors. Oral Dis 2020; 27:919-923. [PMID: 32871033 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena M Varoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Niccolò Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Franchini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fiorella D'Amore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Noviello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Cassani
- UOC Anatomia Patologica, Citogenetica e Patologia Molecolare, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo - Presidio Ospedaliero San Paolo di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Moneghini
- UOC Anatomia Patologica, Citogenetica e Patologia Molecolare, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo - Presidio Ospedaliero San Paolo di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Sardella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lodi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Bugshan A, Farooq I. Oral squamous cell carcinoma: metastasis, potentially associated malignant disorders, etiology and recent advancements in diagnosis. F1000Res 2020; 9:229. [PMID: 32399208 PMCID: PMC7194458 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.22941.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a commonly occurring head and neck cancer. It has a high prevalence in certain parts of the world, and is associated with a high mortality rate. In this review, we describe metastasis related to OSCC, and disorders that could lead to OSCC with common etiological factors. In addition, a brief account of the diagnosis of OSCC and role of salivary biomarkers in its early detection has also been highlighted. Google Scholar and PubMed search engines were searched with keywords including “oral squamous cell carcinoma”, “OSCC”, “oral cancer”, “potentially malignant disorders in oral cavity”, “etiological factors of OSCC”, “diagnosis of OSCC”, and “salivary biomarkers and OSCC” to gather the literature for this review. The review concludes that OSCC has the potential for regional as well as distant metastasis, and many potentially malignant diseases can transform into OSCC with the help of various etiological factors. Diagnosis of OSCC involves traditional biopsy, but salivary biomarkers could also be utilized for early recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Bugshan
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Farooq
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
The oral cavities of tobacco smokers and users of smokeless tobacco products are exposed to high concentrations of nicotine. A limited number of animal studies have assessed the effect of nicotine on osseointegration. Results from experimental studies have reported a statistically significant decrease, at 4 weeks of follow-up, in bone-to-implant contact among rats exposed to nicotine compared with unexposed rats. Nicotine increases the production of inflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) by osteoblasts. Waterpipe, pipe, and cigarette smokers are at increased risk of developing oral cancer, periodontal disease, and alveolar bone loss. One explanation for this is that smokers (regardless of the type of tobacco product) are exposed to similar chemicals, such as nicotine, tar, oxidants, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide. Moreover, raised levels of proinflammatory cytokines have been identified in the gingival crevicular fluid of cigarette smokers with peri-implant diseases. Therefore, it is hypothesized that nicotine and chemicals in tobacco smoke induce a state of oxidative stress in peri-implant tissues (gingiva and alveolar bone), thereby increasing the likelihood of peri-implant disease development via an inflammatory response, which if left uncontrolled, will result in implant failure/loss. In this regard, tobacco smoking (including cigarettes, waterpipe, and pipe) is a significant risk factor for peri-implant diseases. The impact of vaping electronic cigarettes using nicotine-containing e-juices remains unknown. Habitual use of smokeless tobacco products is associated with oral inflammatory conditions, such as oral precancer, cancer, and periodontal disease. However, the effect of habitual use of smokeless tobacco products on the success and survival of dental implants remains undocumented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawad Javed
- Eastman Institute of Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Georgios E Romanos
- Eastman Institute of Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, Dental School, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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Chronic shisha exposure alters phosphoproteome of oral keratinocytes. J Cell Commun Signal 2019; 13:281-289. [PMID: 31321732 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-019-00528-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Shisha smoking has been epidemiologically linked to oral cancer. However, few studies have investigated the pathobiology of shisha-induced cellular transformation. We studied the effects of chronic shisha exposure (8 months) in an in vitro model using immortalized, non-neoplastic oral keratinocytes (OKF6/TERT1). Quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses were performed on OKF6/TERT1 cells treated with shisha extract for a period of 8 months. Pathway analysis was carried out to identify significantly enriched biological processes in shisha-treated cells. Chronic shisha exposure resulted in increased cell scattering phenomenon in OKF6/TERT1 cells. Data analysis revealed differential phosphorylation of 164 peptides (fold change ≥1.5, p ≤ 0.0.5) corresponding to 136 proteins. Proteins associated with mTORC1 and EIF4F complexes involved in initiating protein translation were seen to be enriched upon shisha treatment. Network analysis also highlighted downregulation of proteins involved in Type I interferon signaling in shisha-treated cells. Quantitative phosphoproteomic approach elucidated global perturbations to the molecular milieu of oral keratinocytes upon shisha exposure. Further studies are needed to validate putative targets in oral cancer patients with shisha smoking history.
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Elkashty OA, Ashry R, Tran SD. Head and neck cancer management and cancer stem cells implication. Saudi Dent J 2019; 31:395-416. [PMID: 31700218 PMCID: PMC6823822 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) arise in the mucosal linings of the upper aerodigestive tract and are heterogeneous in nature. Risk factors for HNSCCs are smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and the human papilloma virus. Conventional treatments are surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combined modality; however, no international standard mode of therapy exists. In contrast to the conventional model of clonal evolution in tumor development, there is a newly proposed theory based on the activity of cancer stem cells (CSCs) as the model for carcinogenesis. This “CSC hypothesis” may explain the high mortality rate, low response to treatments, and tendency to develop multiple tumors for HNSCC patients. We review current knowledge on HNSCC etiology and treatment, with a focus on CSCs, including their origins, identifications, and effects on therapeutic options.
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Key Words
- ABC, ATP-binding cassette transporters
- ATC, amplifying transitory cell
- Antineoplastic agents
- BMI-1, B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1
- Cancer stem cells
- Cancer treatment
- Carcinoma
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- HIFs, hypoxia-inducible factors
- Head and neck cancer
- MDR1, Multidrug Resistance Protein 1
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase
- Squamous cell
- TKIs, tyrosine kinase inhibitors
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A Elkashty
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ramy Ashry
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Simon D Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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16
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Pratiti R, Mukherjee D. Epidemiology and Adverse Consequences of Hookah/Waterpipe Use: A Systematic Review. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 2019; 17:82-93. [PMID: 31483237 DOI: 10.2174/1871525717666190904151856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hookah smoking is becoming a popular trend globally. Waterpipe smoking is the second most prevalent form of alternate tobacco products. The rapid increase in hookah use is because of the misconception prevalent in society that hookah smoking is less harmful than cigarette smoking. Smoking ban policies had given impetus of switching from cigarette smoking to alternate tobacco products like waterpipe. Hookah users regard hookah to be more socially acceptable, less stigmatizing with flavors and to alleviate cigarette craving symptoms. Newer basic science research on animal models and human cells has shown consistently mutagenic, oxidative, and inflammatory changes that could cause possible health effects of premalignant oral lesion and chronic diseases like atherosclerosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Studies on the chemistry of waterpipe smoke had shown alarming results with the smoke containing seven carcinogens, 39 central nervous system depressants, and 31 respiratory irritants. Enormous data exist showing waterpipe smoking causing various health effects. Hookah smoking effects on cardiovascular disease is additive with hookah containing a significant amount of nicotine, tar, and heavy metals causing both acute and chronic effects on the cardiovascular system. These effects include increased heart rate, blood pressure, prevalence of coronary heart disease, heart failure, ST-segment elevation myocardial ischemia, recurrent ischemia, and worse outcomes including mortality related to these diseases. The objectives of the review are to assess the factor associated with the increasing use of hookah, its health effects, options for hookah smoking cessation, and public health policy initiatives to mitigate waterpipe use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Pratiti
- McLaren HealthCare, G-3245 Beecher Rd, Flint, MA 48532, United States
| | - Debabrata Mukherjee
- Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Department of Internal Medicine, El Paso, TX 79905, United States
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17
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Szyfter K, Napierala M, Florek E, Braakhuis BJM, Takes RP, Rodrigo JP, Rinaldo A, Silver CE, Ferlito A. Molecular and health effects in the upper respiratory tract associated with tobacco smoking other than cigarettes. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:2635-2643. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Napierala
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of ToxicologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences Poznan Poland
| | - Ewa Florek
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of ToxicologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences Poznan Poland
| | | | - Robert P. Takes
- International Head & Neck Scientific Group Padua Italy
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medical CentreRadboud Institute for Health Sciences Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - Juan P. Rodrigo
- International Head & Neck Scientific Group Padua Italy
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, IUOPAUniversity of Oviedo, CIBERONC Oviedo Spain
| | - Alessandra Rinaldo
- International Head & Neck Scientific Group Padua Italy
- Department of OtolaryngologyUniversity of Udine School of Medicine Udine Italy
| | - Carl E. Silver
- International Head & Neck Scientific Group Padua Italy
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix AZ
| | - Alfio Ferlito
- Coordinator of the International Head & Neck Scientific Group Padua Italy
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18
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Raj AT, Patil S, Sarode S, Sarode G. Oral Health Hazards of Water Pipe Smoking: Current Evidence. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017; 18:539-540. [PMID: 28713104 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Water pipe smoking (WPS) has been a traditional habit in the Middle Eastern Society for hundreds of years. The WPS users have a false sense of safety due to its casual use in social gatherings. It was estimated that about 70% of WPS users believe it to be a safe alternative to cigarette smoking.1 Further, the use of flavored tobacco has led to its growing popularity, especially among youngsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, e-mail:
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sachin Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune Maharashtra, India
| | - Gargi Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune Maharashtra, India
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19
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Ramôa CP, Eissenberg T, Sahingur SE. Increasing popularity of waterpipe tobacco smoking and electronic cigarette use: Implications for oral healthcare. J Periodontal Res 2017; 52:813-823. [PMID: 28393367 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking increases the risk of developing several systemic conditions including cancer, cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. Cigarette smoking is also detrimental to oral health as it increases the incidence and severity of oral cancer, periodontal diseases and peri-implantitis, as well as impacting negatively on the dental patients' response to therapy. Therefore, consideration of smoking behavior and recommendation of smoking cessation are important parts of dental treatment planning. However, cigarettes are no longer the most popular form of tobacco use among adolescents in the United States and globally. In recent years, tobacco smoking using a waterpipe ("hookah," "shisha") and use of electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) has increased significantly. Thus, dental clinicians likely will treat more patients who are waterpipe and/or ECIG users. Yet, the literature on the health effects of waterpipe and ECIGs use is sparse. Both waterpipe and ECIGs deliver the dependence-producing drug nicotine. Waterpipe tobacco smoking has been associated with periodontitis, dry socket, premalignant lesions, and oral and esophageal cancer. The health effects of long-term ECIG use are unknown. The purpose of this review is to inform healthcare professionals about waterpipes and ECIGs, highlight emerging evidence on the biological effects of these increasingly popular tobacco products, and introduce perspectives for dental patient management and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Ramôa
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - T Eissenberg
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - S E Sahingur
- Department of Periodontics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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20
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Kujan O, Farah CS, Johnson NW. Oral and oropharyngeal cancer in the Middle East and North Africa. TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN ORAL ONCOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2057178x17698480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Kujan
- School of Dentistry, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hama University, Hama, Syria
| | - Camile S Farah
- School of Dentistry, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research and Education, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Newell W Johnson
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
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Abstract
Objectives: To review the oral cancer (OC) studies that were conducted in Arab countries with regard to epidemiology, risk factors, and prognosis. Methods: A computer-based PubMed literature search was performed to retrieve studies conducted in the Arab world on epidemiology of OC. After screening for exclusion criteria, cross-referencing, and searching local journals, a total of 19 articles were included. Results: Eight prevalence studies found an OC prevalence ranging from 1.8 to 2.13 per 100,000 persons. Oral cancer patients were mostly in their fifth to sixth decade of life, and the incidence in younger age was reported in some Arab countries. Yemenis have an alarming high prevalence of OC among people younger than 45 years. Eleven studies explored determinants or prognosis of OC. Behavioral determinants such as smokeless tobacco (Shamma and Qat), and cigarette smoking were strongly associated with OC. Alcohol drinking and solar radiation exposures were cited as possible risk factors. The most affected sites were tongue, floor of the mouth, and lower lip variations in the affected site were attributed to the socio-cultural behavior of the populations under study. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequently detected cancer, and usually patients were in late stages (III and IV) at the time of diagnosis. Conclusion: No solid evidence exists regarding the true OC prevalence/incidence in most Arab countries due to the lack of national cancer registries and population-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Al-Jaber
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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22
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Die Wasserpfeife (Shisha) – Innenraumluftqualität, Human-Biomonitoring und Gesundheitseffekte. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2016; 59:1593-1604. [DOI: 10.1007/s00103-016-2462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Javed F, Al-Kheraif AA, Rahman I, Millan-Luongo LT, Feng C, Yunker M, Malmstrom H, Romanos GE. Comparison of Clinical and Radiographic Periodontal Status Between Habitual Water-Pipe Smokers and Cigarette Smokers. J Periodontol 2016; 87:142-7. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.150235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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24
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Javed F, Al-Kheraif AA, Salazar-Lazo K, Yanez-Fontenla V, Aldosary KM, Alshehri M, Malmstrom H, Romanos GE. Periodontal Inflammatory Conditions Among Smokers and Never-Smokers With and Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Periodontol 2015; 86:839-46. [PMID: 25879874 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.150120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a dearth of studies regarding the influence of cigarette smoking on periodontal inflammatory conditions among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of the present study is to assess periodontal inflammatory conditions among smokers and never-smokers with and without T2DM. METHODS One hundred individuals (50 patients with T2DM [25 smokers and 25 never-smokers] and 50 controls [25 smokers and 25 never-smokers]) were included. Information regarding age, sex, duration and daily frequency of smoking, duration and treatment of diabetes, and oral hygiene was recorded using a questionnaire. Periodontal parameters (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], probing depth [PD], clinical attachment loss [AL], and marginal bone loss [MBL]) were measured. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were also recorded. RESULTS Mean age, monthly income status, and education levels were comparable among smokers and never-smokers with and without T2DM. Mean HbA1c levels were significantly higher among patients with T2DM (8.2% ± 0.1%) compared with controls (4.4% ± 0.3%) (P <0.05). Smokers in the control group were smoking significantly greater numbers of cigarettes (15.5 ± 2.5 cigarettes daily) compared with smokers with T2DM (6.2 ± 2.1 cigarettes daily) (P <0.05). Periodontal parameters were comparable among smokers and never-smokers with T2DM. Among controls, periodontal parameters (PI [P <0.05], AL [P <0.05], PD ≥4 mm [P <0.05], and MBL [P <0.05]) were significantly higher in smokers than never-smokers. Never-smokers with T2DM had worse periodontal status than smokers and never-smokers in the control group (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Periodontal inflammatory conditions are comparable among smokers and never-smokers with T2DM. Among controls, periodontal inflammation is worse among smokers than never-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawad Javed
- Division of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Abdulaziz A Al-Kheraif
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karem Salazar-Lazo
- Division of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Virginia Yanez-Fontenla
- Division of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Khalid M Aldosary
- Dental Department, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University
| | - Mohammed Alshehri
- Dental Department, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University
| | - Hans Malmstrom
- Division of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Georgios E Romanos
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
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