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Mu J, Zhang Z, Wu X, Chen S, Geng H, Duan J. Refraction and ocular biometric parameters in 3-to 6-year-old preschool children : a large-scale population-based study in Chengdu, China. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:207. [PMID: 38711043 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03467-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand the ocular biometric parameters characteristics and refractive errors in 3-to 6-year-old preschool children in Chengdu, China, and to investigate the prevalence of refractive errors. METHOD A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Chengdu from 2020 to2022 with a total of 666 kindergartens. All children were measured by non-cycloplegic autorefraction and uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and ocular biometric parameters. Finally, univariate linear regression models were used to analyze the relationship between ocular biometric parameters and refraction. RESULTS A total of 108,578 preschool children aged 3-6 underwent examinations, revealing a myopia prevalence of 6.1%. The mean axial length (AL), keratometry (K), corneal radius (CR), axial length/corneal radius (AL/CR) Ratio, central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), and vitreous chamber depth (VCD) were 22.35 ± 0.69 mm, 43.35 ± 1.58 D, 7.80 ± 0.28 mm, 2.87 ± 0.08, 533.31 ± 32.51 μm, 2.70 ± 0.28 mm, 3.91 ± 0.27 mm, and 15.20 ± 0.68 mm, respectively. With increasing age, AL, CR, AL/CR ratio, CCT, ACD, LT, and VCD also increased. Regardless of age, males consistently exhibited longer AL, flatter corneal curvature, shallower ACD, thicker CCT, thinner LT, and longer VCD compared to females. AL, K, CR, LT, and VCD all showed significant linear relationships with SE (all P < 0.001) in univariate linear regression analysis after adjusting for gender and age. CONCLUSION The prevalence of myopia among preschool children aged 3-6 in Chengdu is relatively low. Ocular biometric parameters affecting refractive errors include AL, K, CR, LT, and VCD. The preschool period serves as a critical phase for myopia prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Mu
- Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Eye college of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Ineye Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Ophthalmopathy Prevention & Cure and Visual Function Protection with TCM Laboratory, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Retinal Image Technology and Chronic Vascular Disease Prevention & Control and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Ineye Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Ophthalmopathy Prevention & Cure and Visual Function Protection with TCM Laboratory, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Eye college of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Ineye Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Ophthalmopathy Prevention & Cure and Visual Function Protection with TCM Laboratory, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Retinal Image Technology and Chronic Vascular Disease Prevention & Control and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haoming Geng
- Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Ineye Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Ophthalmopathy Prevention & Cure and Visual Function Protection with TCM Laboratory, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junguo Duan
- Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Eye college of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Ineye Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Ophthalmopathy Prevention & Cure and Visual Function Protection with TCM Laboratory, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Retinal Image Technology and Chronic Vascular Disease Prevention & Control and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Lin HS, Zhou MT, Li JX, Zheng XL, Ding YT, Ji YT, Wang XJ, Xie YQ, Liang YB. Central anterior chamber depth correlated with white-to-white distance in normal, long, and short eyes. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:34. [PMID: 38332205 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-03014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the associations between central anterior chamber depth (CACD) and other anterior segment biometric parameters and to determine the possible determinants of CACD in short, normal, and long eyes. METHODS The biometric data of pre-operation patients aged 50-80 years with coexisting cataract and primary angle-closure disease or senile cataract were reviewed. Axial length (AL), CACD, lens thickness (LT), central corneal thickness (CCT), and white-to-white distance (WTW) were measured by Lenstar optical biometry (Lenstar 900). The data of 100 normal eyes (AL = 22 to 26 mm), 100 short eyes (AL ≤ 22 mm), and 100 long eyes (AL ≥ 26 mm) were consecutively collected for subsequent analyses. RESULTS The mean age of the subjects was 66.60 ± 7.85 years, with 25.7% of the sample being men. Both CACD and WTW were found to be smallest in short eyes and were smaller in normal eyes than in long eyes (F = 126.524, P < 0.001; F = 28.458, P < 0.001). The mean LT was significantly thicker in short eyes than in normal and long eyes (4.66 mm versus 4.49 mm versus 4.40 mm; F = 18.099, P < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in CCT between the three AL groups (F = 2.135, P = 0.120). Stepwise regression analysis highlighted AL, LT, and WTW as three independent factors associated with CACD in the normal AL group. In the short AL group and long AL group, LT and WTW were independent factors associated with CACD. CONCLUSIONS CACD increases as AL elongates and reaches a peak when AL exceeds 26 mm. Furthermore, CACD showed inverse correlation with LT and positive correlation with WTW. A relatively small WTW results in an anteriorly positioned lens, and thus, a decrease in CACD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Shuang Lin
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 3250027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng-Tian Zhou
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 3250027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin-Xin Li
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 3250027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuan-Li Zheng
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 3250027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Tong Ding
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 3250027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Ting Ji
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 3250027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 3250027, Zhejiang, China
- Glaucoma Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yan-Qian Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 3250027, Zhejiang, China
- Glaucoma Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yuan-Bo Liang
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 3250027, Zhejiang, China.
- Glaucoma Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
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Tanaka T, Nishitsuka K, Obata H. Correlation of Ocular Biometry with Axial Length in Elderly Japanese. Clin Ophthalmol 2024; 18:351-360. [PMID: 38332905 PMCID: PMC10850987 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s446031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ocular parameters are not only useful for diagnosing diseases but also for guiding treatment approaches. A lot of previous studies have reported ocular parameters and its relations before cataract surgery. However, despite ethnic differences in ocular biometry, few reports have dealt with Japanese. Hence, this retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to measure parameters of preoperative cataract patients and examines the correlations between each parameter in Japanese elderly people. Patients and Methods The 210 subjects had their ocular axial lengths measured with OA-2000. The endpoints were ocular axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), average anterior corneal radius of curvature (CR), white-to-white (WTW), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and lens thickness (LT). Our analyses utilized the eye with the longer AL in each person. Each parameter was analyzed for correlations in a round-robin manner. Regression analyses were performed on parameters correlated with AL. Results The parameters correlated with AL were CR (r = 0.33, P < 0.0001), WTW (r = 0.29, P < 0.0001), ACD (r = 0.59, P < 0.0001), and LT (r = -0.30, P < 0.0001). These parameters related to AL in all simple regression equations (CR (P < 0.0001), WTW (P = 0.0002), ACD (P < 0.0001), LT (P = 0.0001)). In multiple regression analyses, CR, ACD, and LT might relate to AL (CR (P = 0.0002), ACD (P < 0.0001), LT (P = 0.018)). LT tended to be thinner as AL increased, while CR, WTW, and ACD tended to increase. Conclusion This information may be useful in developing strategies for ophthalmic surgery, as it provides information on the location of intraocular tissues. Various parameters have been used in intraocular lens (IOL) power calculations in recent years and knowledge of the interrelationship among parameters may be useful in determining IOL power according to ethnicity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Tanaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Koichi Nishitsuka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroto Obata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama, Japan
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Iqbal S, Khan TM, Naveed K, Naqvi SS, Nawaz SJ. Recent trends and advances in fundus image analysis: A review. Comput Biol Med 2022; 151:106277. [PMID: 36370579 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Automated retinal image analysis holds prime significance in the accurate diagnosis of various critical eye diseases that include diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), atherosclerosis, and glaucoma. Manual diagnosis of retinal diseases by ophthalmologists takes time, effort, and financial resources, and is prone to error, in comparison to computer-aided diagnosis systems. In this context, robust classification and segmentation of retinal images are primary operations that aid clinicians in the early screening of patients to ensure the prevention and/or treatment of these diseases. This paper conducts an extensive review of the state-of-the-art methods for the detection and segmentation of retinal image features. Existing notable techniques for the detection of retinal features are categorized into essential groups and compared in depth. Additionally, a summary of quantifiable performance measures for various important stages of retinal image analysis, such as image acquisition and preprocessing, is provided. Finally, the widely used in the literature datasets for analyzing retinal images are described and their significance is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzaib Iqbal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tariq M Khan
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Khuram Naveed
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Syed S Naqvi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Junaid Nawaz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
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Yang S, Jiang Y, Cui G, Li Y. Age- and gender-related characteristics of astigmatism in a myopic population. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1011743. [PMID: 36313989 PMCID: PMC9606395 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1011743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore age- and gender-related differences of refractive and corneal astigmatism in myopic patients looking for refractive surgery. Design A retrospective cross-sectional study. Materials and methods The medical files of candidates looking for corneal refractive surgery between 2019 and 2021 were reviewed, demographic and refractive parameters including age, gender, refractive status, and corneal parameters were analyzed. Results A total of 1,417 eyes of 1,417 patients (453 males and 964 females) were included. Males had thicker cornea than females, while females had steeper cornea than males, there was no gender-related difference in refractive and corneal astigmatism depending on patients’ age. There was no difference in refractive astigmatism among different age group from 18 to 50 years, while corneal astigmatism had a shift from with-the rule (WTR) to against-the-rule (ATR) with increasing age. Age, central corneal thickness (CCT), sphere, refractive astigmatism (RA), and corneal curvature (Km) were correlated with corneal astigmatism (CA) (standardized coefficients of are 0.006, p = 0.011 for age, −0.001, p = 0.004 for CCT, and −0.027, p < 0.001 for sphere, 0.61, p < 0.001 for RA, −0.05, p < 0.001 for corneal curvature). Conclusion Refractive astigmatism is stable until the age of 50 years in myopic patients looking for refractive surgery, while corneal astigmatism showed a shift from WTR to ATR with advancing age. Age, CCT, sphere, refractive astigmatism and corneal curvature (Km) were correlated with corneal astigmatism.
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Kako NA, Abdulazeez AM. Peripapillary Atrophy Segmentation and Classification Methodologies for Glaucoma Image Detection: A Review. Curr Med Imaging 2022; 18:1140-1159. [PMID: 35260060 DOI: 10.2174/1573405618666220308112732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Information-based image processing and computer vision methods are utilized in several healthcare organizations to diagnose diseases. The irregularities in the visual system are identified over fundus images shaped over a fundus camera. Among ophthalmology diseases, glaucoma is measured as the most common case that can lead to neurodegenerative illness. The unsuitable fluid pressure inside the eye within the visual system is described as the major cause of those diseases. Glaucoma has no symptoms in the early stages, and if it is not treated, it may result in total blindness. Diagnosing glaucoma at an early stage may prevent permanent blindness. Manual inspection of the human eye may be a solution, but it depends on the skills of the individuals involved. The auto diagnosis of glaucoma by applying a consolidation of computer vision, artificial intelligence, and image processing can aid in the ban and detection of those diseases. In this review article, we aim to introduce a review of the numerous approaches based on peripapillary atrophy segmentation and classification that can detect these diseases, as well as details about the publicly available image benchmarks, datasets, and measurement of performance. The review article introduces the demonstrated research of numerous available study models that objectively diagnose glaucoma via peripapillary atrophy from the lowest level of feature extraction to the current direction based on deep learning. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are addressed in detail, and tabular descriptions are included to highlight the results of each category. Moreover, the frameworks of each approach and fundus image datasets are provided. The improved reporting of our study would help in providing possible future work directions to diagnose glaucoma in conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najdavan A Kako
- Duhok Polytechnic University, Technical Institute of Administration, MIS, Duhok, Iraq
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Gour N, Tanveer M, Khanna P. Challenges for ocular disease identification in the era of artificial intelligence. Neural Comput Appl 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-021-06770-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Prediction of effective Lens position using anterior segment optical coherence tomography in Chinese subjects with angle closure. BMC Ophthalmol 2021; 21:454. [PMID: 34961542 PMCID: PMC8711180 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-02213-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the accuracy of biometric parameters measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and partial coherence interferometry (PCI) in prediction of effective lens position (ELP) compared with previous formulas in PACG patients. Methods 121 PACG eyes were randomly divided into training set (85 eyes) and validation set (36 eyes) with same procedure including AS-OCT, PCI, phacoemulsification and IOL implantation surgery. Preoperative anterior chamber depth (pre-ACD), scleral spur depth (SSD), scleral spur width (SSW), lens vault (LV) and cornea thickness (CT) were measured from AS-OCT image. Axial length (AL) and corneal power (K) were measured by PCI. All the 7 parameters were analyzed by multiple linear regression in training set and a statistic regression formula was developed. In validation set, one-way ANOVA was applied to compare the new regression formula with Sanders-Retzlaff-Kraff theoretic (SRK/T), Holladay 1, Haigis, and a regression formula developed in previous study. Results The coefficient of determination (R2) of different parameter combinations are 0.19 (pre-ACD, AL), 0.25 (AL, K) and 0.49 (SSD, AL, SSW) in training set. In validation set, the correlation between predicted and measured ELP are: new formula (R2 = 0.50, P = 0.9947) Holladay 1 (R2 = 0.12, P < 0.0001), SRK/T (R2 = 0.11, P < 0.0001) and Haigis (R2 = 0.06, P < 0.0001). Conclusion Among 7 tested parameters, pre-ACD contribute little in ELP prediction. Formula consist of SSD, AL and SSW showed better accuracy than other formulas tested.
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Abstract
Glaucoma is one of the eye diseases stimulated by the fluid pressure that increases in the eyes, damaging the optic nerves and causing partial or complete vision loss. As Glaucoma appears in later stages and it is a slow disease, detailed screening and detection of the retinal images is required to avoid vision forfeiture. This study aims to detect glaucoma at early stages with the help of deep learning-based feature extraction. Retinal fundus images are utilized for the training and testing of our proposed model. In the first step, images are pre-processed, before the region of interest (ROI) is extracted employing segmentation. Then, features of the optic disc (OD) are extracted from the images containing optic cup (OC) utilizing the hybrid features descriptors, i.e., convolutional neural network (CNN), local binary patterns (LBP), histogram of oriented gradients (HOG), and speeded up robust features (SURF). Moreover, low-level features are extracted using HOG, whereas texture features are extracted using the LBP and SURF descriptors. Furthermore, high-level features are computed using CNN. Additionally, we have employed a feature selection and ranking technique, i.e., the MR-MR method, to select the most representative features. In the end, multi-class classifiers, i.e., support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and K-nearest neighbor (KNN), are employed for the classification of fundus images as healthy or diseased. To assess the performance of the proposed system, various experiments have been performed using combinations of the aforementioned algorithms that show the proposed model based on the RF algorithm with HOG, CNN, LBP, and SURF feature descriptors, providing ≤99% accuracy on benchmark datasets and 98.8% on k-fold cross-validation for the early detection of glaucoma.
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Ganesh SS, Kannayeram G, Karthick A, Muhibbullah M. A Novel Context Aware Joint Segmentation and Classification Framework for Glaucoma Detection. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:2921737. [PMID: 34777561 PMCID: PMC8589492 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2921737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a chronic ocular disease characterized by damage to the optic nerve resulting in progressive and irreversible visual loss. Early detection and timely clinical interventions are critical in improving glaucoma-related outcomes. As a typical and complicated ocular disease, glaucoma detection presents a unique challenge due to its insidious onset and high intra- and interpatient variabilities. Recent studies have demonstrated that robust glaucoma detection systems can be realized with deep learning approaches. The optic disc (OD) is the most commonly studied retinal structure for screening and diagnosing glaucoma. This paper proposes a novel context aware deep learning framework called GD-YNet, for OD segmentation and glaucoma detection. It leverages the potential of aggregated transformations and the simplicity of the YNet architecture in context aware OD segmentation and binary classification for glaucoma detection. Trained with the RIGA and RIMOne-V2 datasets, this model achieves glaucoma detection accuracies of 99.72%, 98.02%, 99.50%, and 99.41% with the ACRIMA, Drishti-gs, REFUGE, and RIMOne-V1 datasets. Further, the proposed model can be extended to a multiclass segmentation and classification model for glaucoma staging and severity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Sankar Ganesh
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, 641407 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G. Kannayeram
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, National Engineering College, Kovilpatti, 628503 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alagar Karthick
- Renewable Energy Lab, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, 641407 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M. Muhibbullah
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
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Qian Z, Xie X, Yang J, Ye H, Wang Z, Chen J, Liu H, Liang J, Jiang L, Zheng C, Chen X. Detection of shallow anterior chamber depth from two-dimensional anterior segment photographs using deep learning. BMC Ophthalmol 2021; 21:341. [PMID: 34551738 PMCID: PMC8457334 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-02104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to implement and evaluate a deep learning (DL) approach for automatically detecting shallow anterior chamber depth (ACD) from two-dimensional (2D) overview anterior segment photographs. METHODS We trained a DL model using a dataset of anterior segment photographs collected from Shanghai Aier Eye Hospital from June 2018 to December 2019. A Pentacam HR system was used to capture a 2D overview eye image and measure the ACD. Shallow ACD was defined as ACD less than 2.4 mm. The DL model was evaluated by a five-fold cross-validation test in a hold-out testing dataset. We also evaluated the DL model by testing it against two glaucoma specialists. The performance of the DL model was calculated by metrics, including accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). RESULTS A total of 3753 photographs (1720 shallow AC and 2033 deep AC images) were assigned to the training dataset, and 1302 photographs (509 shallow AC and 793 deep AC images) were held out for two internal testing datasets. In detecting shallow ACD in the internal hold-out testing dataset, the DL model achieved an AUC of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.83-0.90) with 80% sensitivity and 79% specificity. In the same testing dataset, the DL model also achieved better performance than the two glaucoma specialists (accuracy of 80% vs. accuracy of 74 and 69%). CONCLUSIONS We proposed a high-performing DL model to automatically detect shallow ACD from overview anterior segment photographs. Our DL model has potential applications in detecting and monitoring shallow ACD in the real world. TRIAL REGISTRATION http://clinicaltrials.gov , NCT04340635 , retrospectively registered on 29 March 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyun Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Aier Eye Hospital, No. 1286, Hongqiao Road, Changning District, Shanghai, 200050 China
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province China
| | - Xiaoling Xie
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong China
| | - Jianlong Yang
- Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfei Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1665, Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Zhilei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jili Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shibei Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province China
| | - Jianheng Liang
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province China
| | - Lihong Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhabei Center Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ce Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1665, Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Aier Eye Hospital, No. 1286, Hongqiao Road, Changning District, Shanghai, 200050 China
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Aier Qingliang Eye Hospital, Changning, China
- Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, No.601, Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Phu J, Tong J, Kalloniatis M. Intra-session repeatability of anterior chamber depth across the chamber width using Pentacam Scheimpflug imaging in healthy subjects. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2021; 41:1273-1284. [PMID: 34490921 DOI: 10.1111/opo.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the importance of anterior chamber depth (ACD) measurements in disease and ageing, the repeatability and their threshold for change is not known. Our purpose was to determine the intra-session repeatability of Pentacam Scheimpflug photography for measuring the ACD across the chamber width in healthy subjects and thus inform expected limits of normality. METHODS Pentacam Scheimpflug photography was used to obtain ACD measurements at 57 points across the central 8mm of the chamber width from one randomly selected eye of 130 healthy (normal vision and no ocular diseases, except age-normal cataracts) subjects (median age 58.0 years, interquartile range 46.3-63.0 years; 48 males, 82 females). Intra-session ACD measurements were compared. Univariate and multivariate linear regression was performed to identify categorical and continuous variables demonstrating a significant relationship with ACD and its repeatability. RESULTS Bland-Altman analyses showed no directional or depth-dependent bias in the difference between the first and second tests (mean bias -0.003 mm, 95% limits of agreement -0.115 to +0.109 mm). Multivariate analysis found gender to be a significant factor (p < 0.0001), but not age (p = 0.69) nor ethnicity (p = 0.65), although the model fit was poor (R2 = 0.004). There were no regional differences in repeatability measures found in males, but six locations in the superior aspect in females were found to be significantly different in their repeatability characteristics. Tolerance limits used to calculate the number of step sizes between <20 and >60-year-old age groups found 8.1-11.5 steps for females, and 7.5-9.2 steps for males. CONCLUSIONS Scheimpflug imaging using the Pentacam has excellent intra-session repeatability. Only gender appeared to affect repeatability characteristics, manifesting with a greater number of meaningful steps of change between two extremes of age range in females compared to males, which provides guidance for identifying clinically significant and measurable change between tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Phu
- Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janelle Tong
- Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Kalloniatis
- Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
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Shon K, Sung KR, Yoon JY. Implications of the Relationship Between Refractive Error and Biometry in the Pathogenesis of Primary Angle Closure. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:38. [PMID: 34463718 PMCID: PMC8411854 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.10.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between refractive error and ocular biometry and its implication in the pathogenesis of primary angle closure (PAC). Methods We have retrospectively recruited 119 PAC eyes and 388 non-PAC eyes with an axial length (AL) of ≤25.0 mm and a spherical equivalent (SE) of ≥−6.0 diopters (D). Stepwise multiple regression was performed for keratometry value (K), AL, anterior chamber depth (ACD), and SE. Results PAC eyes were more likely to be in women and have a higher IOP and shorter AL than non-PAC eyes. In a multiple regression analysis, SE was not associated with PAC. The associations between AL and SE or AL and ACD were not different in PAC eyes compared with non-PAC eyes. However, the cornea was flatter in PAC eyes (β = −0.448, P < 0.001), and a flatter cornea was associated with more hyperopic refraction (β = −0.454, P < 0.001) and shallower ACD (β = 0.073, P < 0.001) in PAC eyes. ACD was not associated with SE in non-PAC eyes, but shallower ACD was associated with greater myopic refraction in PAC eyes (β = 1.117, P = 0.006). Conclusions PAC eyes seem to have flatter cornea compared with non-PAC eyes. A shallower ACD seems to be associated with greater myopic refraction in PAC eyes, but not in non-PAC eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilhwan Shon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Kyung Rim Sung
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Young Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Wang W, Zhang J, Gu X, Tan X, Ruan X, Yang G, Chen X, Jin G, Wang L, Dai Y, Liu Z, Luo L, Liu Y. Effect of High Myopia on Dynamic Changes of Anterior Angle After Pharmacologic Mydriasis in Cataract Patients: A SS-ASOCT Study. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:25. [PMID: 34015104 PMCID: PMC8142703 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.6.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of high myopia on anterior angle change after pharmacologic mydriasis in patients with cataract using swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (SS-ASOCT). Methods This prospective cross-sectional study continuously recruited patients with cataract aged 40 years and older during the period August 2019 to August 2020. The anterior segment parameters, including central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), angle opening distance (AOD), angle recess area (ARA), trabecular iris space area (TISA), trabecular-iris angle (TIA), angle to angle width (ATA), and anterior chamber volume (ACV), were obtained using SS-ASOCT at baseline and 30 minutes after mydriasis. Regression analyses were performed to identify the factors related to the relative change of AOD500 (ΔAOD500). Results A total of 938 patients (938 eyes) were included. The AOD500 decreased from 0.46 ± 0.22 mm to 0.40 ± 0.19 mm, with percent ΔAOD500 of -13.59% ± 37.73% (P = 0.005). The patients with high myopia had a smaller reduction of anterior angle parameters, with a percent ΔAOD500 of -22.74% ± 58.09%% in non-high myopic eyes and -0.84% ± 45.47% in high myopic eyes (P < 0.001). The stepwise multivariate regression demonstrated that the smaller reduction of AOD500 were independently associated with younger age (coefficient = -2.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -2.59 to -1.64, P < 0.001), presence of high myopia (coefficient = 15.35, 95% CI = 3.63 to 27.07, P = 0.010), greater baseline TISA500 (coefficient = 60.78, 95% CI = 8.75 to 112.82, P = 0.022), and ATA (coefficient = 11.21, 95% CI = 4.53 to 17.89, P = 0.001). Conclusions The anterior chamber angle decreased after pharmacologic mydriasis in these patients with cataract. Angle shallowing after pharmacologic mydriasis was significantly less pronounced in high myopic eyes than in non-high myopic eyes. Translational Relevance These findings are informative for the relative less risk of angle-closure glaucoma in highly myopic eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuhua Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoting Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangyao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangming Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ye Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lixia Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is characterized by a rise in intraocular pressure (IOP) secondary to aqueous outflow obstruction, with relative pupillary block being the most common underlying mechanism. There is increasing evidence that lens extraction may relieve pupillary block and thereby improve IOP control. As such, comparing the effectiveness of lens extraction against other commonly used treatment modalities can help inform the decision-making process. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of lens extraction compared with other interventions in the treatment of chronic PACG in people without previous acute angle-closure attacks. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, one other database, and two trials registers (December 2019). We also screened the reference lists of included studies and the Science Citation Index database. We had no date or language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing lens extraction with other treatment modalities for chronic PACG. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We followed standard Cochrane methodology. MAIN RESULTS We identified eight RCTs with 914 eyes. We obtained data for participants meeting our inclusion criteria for these studies (PACG only, no previous acute angle-closure attacks), resulting in 513 eyes included in this review. The participants were recruited from a diverse range of countries. We were unable to conduct meta-analyses due to different follow-up periods and insufficient data. One study compared phacoemulsification with laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) as standard care. Participants in the phacoemulsification group were less likely to experience progression of visual field loss (odds ratio [OR] 0.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.13 to 0.91; 216 eyes; moderate certainty evidence), and required fewer IOP-lowering medications (mean difference [MD] -0.70, 95% CI -0.89 to -0.51; 263 eyes; moderate certainty evidence) compared with standard care at 12 months. Moderate certainty evidence also suggested that phacoemulsification improved gonioscopic findings at 12 months or later (MD -84.93, 95% CI -131.25 to -38.61; 106 eyes). There was little to no difference in health-related quality of life measures (MD 0.04, 95% CI -0.16 to 0.24; 254 eyes; moderate certainty evidence), and visual acuity (VA) (MD 2.03 ETDRS letter, 95% CI -0.77 to 4.84; 242 eyes) at 12 months, and no observable difference in mean IOP (MD -0.03mmHg, 95% CI -2.34 to 2.32; 257 eyes; moderate certainty evidence) compared to standard care. Irreversible loss of vision was observed in one participant in the phacoemulsification group, and three participants in standard care at 36 months (moderate-certainty evidence). One study (91 eyes) compared phacoemulsification with phaco-viscogonioplasty (phaco-VGP). Low-certainty evidence suggested that fewer IOP-lowering medications were needed at 12 months with phacoemulsification (MD -0.30, 95% CI -0.55 to -0.05). Low-certainty evidence also suggested that phacoemulsification may have improved gonioscopic findings at 12 months or later compared to phaco-VGP (angle grading MD -0.60, 95% CI -0.91 to -0.29; TISA500 MD -0.03, 95% CI -0.06 to -0.01; TISA750 MD -0.03, 95% CI -0.06 to -0.01; 91 eyes). Phacoemulsification may result in little to no difference in best corrected VA at 12 months (MD -0.01 log MAR units, 95% CI -0.10 to 0.08; low certainty evidence), and the evidence is very uncertain about its effect on IOP at 12 months (MD 0.50 mmHg, 95% CI -2.64 to 3.64; very low certainty evidence). Postoperative fibrin reaction was observed in two participants in the phacoemulsification group and four in the phaco-VGP group. Three participants in the phaco-VGP group experienced hyphema. No data were available for progression of visual field loss and quality of life measurements at 12 months. Two studies compared phacoemulsification with phaco-goniosynechialysis (phaco-GSL). Low-certainty evidence suggested that there may be little to no difference in mean IOP at 12 months (MD -0.12 mmHg, 95% CI -4.72 to 4.48; 1 study, 32 eyes) between the interventions. Phacoemulsification did not reduce the number of IOP-lowering medications compared to phaco-GSL at 12 months (MD -0.38, 95% CI -1.23 to 0.47; 1 study, 32 eyes; moderate certainty evidence). Three eyes in the phaco-GSL group developed hyphemas. No data were available at 12 months for progression of visual field loss, gonioscopic findings, visual acuity, and quality of life measures. Three studies compared phacoemulsification with combined phaco-trabeculectomy, but the data were only available for one study (63 eyes). In this study, low-certainty evidence suggested that there was little to no difference between groups in mean change in IOP from baseline (MD -0.60 mmHg, 95% CI -1.99 to 0.79), number of IOP-lowering medications at 12 months (MD 0.00, 95% CI -0.42 to 0.42), and VA measured by the Snellen chart (MD -0.03, 95% CI -0.18 to 0.12). Participants in the phacoemulsification group had fewer complications (risk ratio [RR] 0.59, 95% CI 0.34 to 1.04), and the phaco-trabeculectomy group required more IOP-lowering procedures (RR 5.81, 95% CI 1.41 to 23.88), but the evidence was very uncertain. No data were available for other outcomes. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Moderate certainty evidence showed that lens extraction has an advantage over LPI in treating chronic PACG with clear crystalline lenses over three years of follow-up; ultimately, the decision for intervention should be part of a shared decision-making process between the clinician and the patient. For people with chronic PACG and visually significant cataracts, low certainty evidence suggested that combining phacoemulsification with either viscogonioplasty or goniosynechialysis does not confer any additional benefit over phacoemulsification alone. There was insufficient evidence to draw any meaningful conclusions regarding phacoemulsification versus trabeculectomy. Low certainty evidence suggested that combining phacoemulsification with trabeculectomy does not confer any additional benefit over phacoemulsification alone, and may cause more complications instead. These conclusions only apply to short- to medium-term outcomes; studies with longer follow-up periods can help assess whether these effects persist in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Yuhan Ong
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Sueko M Ng
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - David S Friedman
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Shabbir A, Rasheed A, Shehraz H, Saleem A, Zafar B, Sajid M, Ali N, Dar SH, Shehryar T. Detection of glaucoma using retinal fundus images: A comprehensive review. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2021; 18:2033-2076. [PMID: 33892536 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Content-based image analysis and computer vision techniques are used in various health-care systems to detect the diseases. The abnormalities in a human eye are detected through fundus images captured through a fundus camera. Among eye diseases, glaucoma is considered as the second leading case that can result in neurodegeneration illness. The inappropriate intraocular pressure within the human eye is reported as the main cause of this disease. There are no symptoms of glaucoma at earlier stages and if the disease remains unrectified then it can lead to complete blindness. The early diagnosis of glaucoma can prevent permanent loss of vision. Manual examination of human eye is a possible solution however it is dependant on human efforts. The automatic detection of glaucoma by using a combination of image processing, artificial intelligence and computer vision can help to prevent and detect this disease. In this review article, we aim to present a comprehensive review about the various types of glaucoma, causes of glaucoma, the details about the possible treatment, details about the publicly available image benchmarks, performance metrics, and various approaches based on digital image processing, computer vision, and deep learning. The review article presents a detailed study of various published research models that aim to detect glaucoma from low-level feature extraction to recent trends based on deep learning. The pros and cons of each approach are discussed in detail and tabular representations are used to summarize the results of each category. We report our findings and provide possible future research directions to detect glaucoma in conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amsa Shabbir
- Department of Software Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur- AJK 10250, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Rasheed
- Department of Software Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur- AJK 10250, Pakistan
| | - Huma Shehraz
- Department of Software Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur- AJK 10250, Pakistan
| | - Aliya Saleem
- Department of Software Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur- AJK 10250, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Zafar
- Department of Computer Science, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur- AJK 10250, Pakistan
| | - Nouman Ali
- Department of Software Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur- AJK 10250, Pakistan
| | - Saadat Hanif Dar
- Department of Software Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur- AJK 10250, Pakistan
| | - Tehmina Shehryar
- Department of Software Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur- AJK 10250, Pakistan
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Triolo G, Barboni P, Savini G, De Gaetano F, Monaco G, David A, Scialdone A. The Use of Anterior-Segment Optical-Coherence Tomography for the Assessment of the Iridocorneal Angle and Its Alterations: Update and Current Evidence. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10020231. [PMID: 33440631 PMCID: PMC7827616 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of anterior-segment optical-coherence tomography (AS-OCT) has led to improved assessments of the anatomy of the iridocorneal-angle and diagnoses of several mechanisms of angle closure which often result in raised intraocular pressure (IOP). Continuous advancements in AS-OCT technology and software, along with an extensive research in the field, have resulted in a wide range of possible parameters that may be used to diagnose and follow up on patients with this spectrum of diseases. However, the clinical relevance of such variables needs to be explored thoroughly. The aim of the present review is to summarize the current evidence supporting the use of AS-OCT for the diagnosis and follow-up of several iridocorneal-angle and anterior-chamber alterations, focusing on the advantages and downsides of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacinto Triolo
- Ophthalmic Institute, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, 20121 Milan, Italy; (F.D.G.); (G.M.); (A.D.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Piero Barboni
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, University Vita-Salute, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Studio Oculistico D’Azeglio, 40123 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Francesco De Gaetano
- Ophthalmic Institute, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, 20121 Milan, Italy; (F.D.G.); (G.M.); (A.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Gaspare Monaco
- Ophthalmic Institute, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, 20121 Milan, Italy; (F.D.G.); (G.M.); (A.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Alessandro David
- Ophthalmic Institute, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, 20121 Milan, Italy; (F.D.G.); (G.M.); (A.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonio Scialdone
- Ophthalmic Institute, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, 20121 Milan, Italy; (F.D.G.); (G.M.); (A.D.); (A.S.)
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Sarhan MH, Nasseri MA, Zapp D, Maier M, Lohmann CP, Navab N, Eslami A. Machine Learning Techniques for Ophthalmic Data Processing: A Review. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2020; 24:3338-3350. [PMID: 32750971 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2020.3012134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Machine learning and especially deep learning techniques are dominating medical image and data analysis. This article reviews machine learning approaches proposed for diagnosing ophthalmic diseases during the last four years. Three diseases are addressed in this survey, namely diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma. The review covers over 60 publications and 25 public datasets and challenges related to the detection, grading, and lesion segmentation of the three considered diseases. Each section provides a summary of the public datasets and challenges related to each pathology and the current methods that have been applied to the problem. Furthermore, the recent machine learning approaches used for retinal vessels segmentation, and methods of retinal layers and fluid segmentation are reviewed. Two main imaging modalities are considered in this survey, namely color fundus imaging, and optical coherence tomography. Machine learning approaches that use eye measurements and visual field data for glaucoma detection are also included in the survey. Finally, the authors provide their views, expectations and the limitations of the future of these techniques in the clinical practice.
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Pan CW, Qian YX, Li J, Zhong H. Iris surface features and anterior chamber depth in Chinese adolescents. BMC Ophthalmol 2020; 20:379. [PMID: 32967649 PMCID: PMC7513519 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01652-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aim to determine the association of iris surface features including crypts, color and contraction furrows with anterior chamber depth (ACD) in a school-based sample of Chinese teenagers. Methods Totally, 2346 students aged 13 to 14 years in Mojiang located in the Southwestern part of China contributed to this analysis. Iris surface features were graded based on standardized slit-lamp photographs. Ocular biometric parameters including ACD were measured using an IOL Master. Generalized estimating equation was incorporated in the linear regression models to assess the relationship between iris surface features and ACD. Results A significant trend of increasing ACDs with more contraction furrows were observed. On average, the mean ACD was 3.03 mm in participants with contraction furrows of grade 1 while it was 3.10 mm in those with grade 3 (mean difference, 0.07 mm, P = 0.01). Adjusting for other potential confounders such as gender, height and weight did not significantly changed the associations. Compared with individuals with contraction furrows of grade 1, those with grade 3 had a greater ACD of 0.06 mm (95% confidence interval: 0.01, 0.11) in multivariate-adjusted model. There were no significant relationships between ACD and iris crypts or color. (P > 0.10). Conclusions More iris contraction furrows are associated with greater ACDs while the association with iris color and crypts were not significant.
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20
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Jiang Y, Wang W, Wang L, He M. Association of anterior segment parameters and 5-year incident narrow angles: findings from an older Chinese population. Br J Ophthalmol 2020; 105:970-976. [PMID: 32699050 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-315852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the association of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) parameters and 5-year incident narrow angle in China. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study of people aged 50 and older residing in Liwan District, Guangzhou, China. Random clustering sampling was used to identify adults aged 50 years and older in Liwan District, Guangzhou. In 2008 and 2013, this study was repeated and added AS-OCT imaging under dark and light conditions. Customised software (ZAAP) was used to analyse horizontal AS-OCT scans. Angle opening distance (AOD), trabecular iris space area (TISA), anterior chamber volume (ACV) and maximal iris thickness (ITM) were measured. Multiple logistic regression analysis models were used to investigate the associations of the final angle status with baseline AS-OCT parameters. ORs and 95% CIs were calculated. RESULTS Of the 220 subjects with eligible AS-OCT images and gonioscopic results in 2008, the response rate was 77.3%. A total of 27 (15.9%) subjects developed narrow angles and 143 (84.1%) had open angles on gonioscopy in 2013. Subjects developed narrow angles had greater spherical equivalent and shallower anterior chamber depth, smaller angle parameters, thicker IT750 and ITM, smaller anterior chamber parameters, greater lens vault, and smaller dynamic parameters (ΔITM, ΔACA, ΔACV) at baseline. After adjusting confounders, the predictors of incident narrow angles included smaller AOD750, TISA750, ΔACA and greater ITM, ΔIarea. CONCLUSIONS Incident narrow angles were associated with smaller anterior ocular dimensions, thicker iris and smaller light-to-dark changes at baseline. These findings can help in early diagnosis in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanhua Wang
- Department of Preventive Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-Sen University Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingguang He
- Sun Yat-Sen University Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Deep Learning for Optic Disc Segmentation and Glaucoma Diagnosis on Retinal Images. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10144916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a major global cause of blindness. As the symptoms of glaucoma appear, when the disease reaches an advanced stage, proper screening of glaucoma in the early stages is challenging. Therefore, regular glaucoma screening is essential and recommended. However, eye screening is currently subjective, time-consuming and labor-intensive and there are insufficient eye specialists available. We present an automatic two-stage glaucoma screening system to reduce the workload of ophthalmologists. The system first segmented the optic disc region using a DeepLabv3+ architecture but substituted the encoder module with multiple deep convolutional neural networks. For the classification stage, we used pretrained deep convolutional neural networks for three proposals (1) transfer learning and (2) learning the feature descriptors using support vector machine and (3) building ensemble of methods in (1) and (2). We evaluated our methods on five available datasets containing 2787 retinal images and found that the best option for optic disc segmentation is a combination of DeepLabv3+ and MobileNet. For glaucoma classification, an ensemble of methods performed better than the conventional methods for RIM-ONE, ORIGA, DRISHTI-GS1 and ACRIMA datasets with the accuracy of 97.37%, 90.00%, 86.84% and 99.53% and Area Under Curve (AUC) of 100%, 92.06%, 91.67% and 99.98%, respectively, and performed comparably with CUHKMED, the top team in REFUGE challenge, using REFUGE dataset with an accuracy of 95.59% and AUC of 95.10%.
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Zong Y, Li QC, Xu H, Yu J, Jiang CH, Sun XH. Measurement of the depths at different regions of the anterior chamber in healthy Chinese adults. Int J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:135-140. [PMID: 31956582 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.01.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To measure the depths of different regions of the anterior chamber (AC) in healthy Chinese adults, and to explore possible correlations with age or gender. METHODS The AC was imaged by swept-source optical coherence tomography in healthy Chinese adults. The horizontal scan of the right eye was used to measure the anterior chamber depth (ACD) at 199 points. RESULTS A total of 309 images from 309 subjects were analyzed. The ACD values at nearly all locations were negatively correlated with age (all P<0.05), except for ACD1, 2, 198, and 199 (correspond to the iris roots). The mean annual decrease 0.013±0.005 mm/y for all ACDs combined, 0.008±0.004 mm/y for the peripheral region, 0.017±0.003 mm/y for the middle peripheral region, and 0.014±0.001 mm/y for the central region. The mean annual decrease was significantly different among these three regions (P<0.001). The ACD was greater in males than in females (P<0.05). The mean difference in ACD between males and females was 0.081±0.025 mm. CONCLUSION This study showed that optical coherence tomography can be used to measure the ACD of different regions of the AC. We found reductions in ACD with age, although the reduction varied among different points, in healthy Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry, and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qing-Chen Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry, and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry, and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry, and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chun-Hui Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry, and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai 200031, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xing-Huai Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry, and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai 200031, China
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Refractive error and biometrics of anterior segment of eyes of healthy young university students in Japan. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15337. [PMID: 31653953 PMCID: PMC6814799 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the parameters of the anterior segment of eyes that are significantly associated with the refractive error in healthy young Japanese university students. This was a cross-sectional observational study of 229 healthy Japanese university students (men: women,147:82) whose age ranged between 20 to 29 years. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to identify the factors that were significantly correlated with the refractive error. The independent variables included age, sex, axial length, anterior chamber depth, corneal diameter, curvature of anterior surface of cornea, and central corneal thickness. The mean refractive error (spherical equivalent) was −4.1 ± 2.7 diopters (D) with a range of −12.5 to +0.5 D, and the mean axial length was 25.4 ± 1.3 mm with a range of 22.4 to 29.0 mm. Pearson univariate correlation analysis found that the refractive error was significantly and negatively correlated with the axial length (R = −0.82, P < 0.001), deeper anterior chamber (R = −0.30, P < 0.001), and larger corneal diameter (R = −0.21, P = 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that the refractive error was significantly associated with a longer axial length (P < 0.001), a deeper anterior chamber (P < 0.001), and a flatter corneal curvature (P < 0.001).The biometric values of the anterior segment of the eyes should make the eye more hyperopic which would reduce the myopia-inducing lengthening of the axial length.
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24
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Jiang Y, Wang D, Wang W, Chen F, Wang L, Scheetz J, Huang W, Huang S, He M. Five-year changes in anterior segment parameters in an older population in urban southern China: the Liwan Eye Study. Br J Ophthalmol 2019; 104:582-587. [PMID: 31484638 PMCID: PMC7147177 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-313827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the 5-year changes in static and dynamic anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) parameters and their predictors. Methods This was a prospective, population-based cohort study of people aged 50 years and older residing in the Liwan District, Guangzhou, China. Standardised AS-OCT scans were performed in November 2008 and November 2013 under dark and light conditions. Customised software was used to analyse horizontal AS-OCT images. Parameters in dark and measurements of light-to-dark changes were used for analyses. Results A total of 186 (71.8%) subjects underwent AS-OCT twice, 5 years apart and were included for analyses. The mean age in 2008 was 64.7±7.0 years, and 60.2% were women. The anterior chamber width (ACW) decreased from 11.74±0.44 mm in 2008 to 11.60±0.37 mm in 2013 (p=0.001). There was a trend towards a decrease in dynamic capacity (light-to-dark changes) in the anterior segment, with decreased iris thickness at 750 µm (ΔIT750), ΔACW, Δ anterior chamber area (ACA) and Δ pupil diameter at 5 years (all p<0.05). After adjusting for age and sex, the following baseline parameters were associated with a greater decrease rate in trabecular iris space area at 500 µm (TISA500) at 5 years: TISA500, IT750 and ACA in dark (p<0.001 for all). Conclusions Anterior chamber angle width decreased and the amount of light-to-dark changes declined during 5-year follow-up. Subjects with greater height, wider angle width and thicker iris at baseline have greater angle narrowing at follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-senUniversity, Guangzhou, China
| | - Decai Wang
- Department of Preventive Ophthalmology, ZhongshanOphthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-senUniversity, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-senUniversity, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-senUniversity, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jane Scheetz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Surgery, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wenyong Huang
- Department of Preventive Ophthalmology, ZhongshanOphthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengsong Huang
- Department of Preventive Ophthalmology, ZhongshanOphthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingguang He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-senUniversity, Guangzhou, China .,Department of Ophthalmology and Surgery, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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25
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Deep learning based computer-aided diagnosis systems for diabetic retinopathy: A survey. Artif Intell Med 2019; 99:101701. [DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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26
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Siguan-Bell CS, Chansangpetch S, Perez CI, Kutzscher A, Wang D, He M, Oldenburg C, Hee MR, Lin SC. Anterior Segment Parameters of Filipino-Americans Compared to Chinese-Americans and Caucasian Americans Using Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2019; 8:11. [PMID: 30972232 PMCID: PMC6450640 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.8.2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We compare anterior segment characteristics of Filipino- versus Chinese- and Caucasian-Americans to describe the differences in risk factors among each ethnic group. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among Filipino, Chinese, and Caucasian subjects without glaucoma who underwent a standardized set of ocular examinations and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (Visante ASOCT) imaging. Zhongshan Angle Assessment Program (ZAAP) 4 was used for ASOCT image analysis. The following quantitative parameters wereobtained from ZAAP: (1) angle opening distance (AOD500, AOD750), angle recess area at 750 μm (ARA), and trabecular-iris space area at 500 and 750 μm (TISA500, TISA750); (2) iris parameters, including iris thickness at 750 μm from the scleral spur (IT750), iris area (IArea), iris curvature or convexity (ICurv), and pupil diameter; 3) anterior chamber parameters; and (4) lens vault. Results The Filipino (122 eyes), Chinese (121 eyes), and Caucasian (111 eyes) subject groups were similar in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics. We reported pairwise comparisons of Filipino parameter values to Chinese or Caucasian values, represented as B-coefficients and P values. In multivariate analysis, Filipinos had narrower angles than Caucasians (AOD750, TISA 500, TISA 750, ARA, P < 0.001). Filipinos had thicker and more convex irises than Caucasians (IT750, IT 2000, ICurv P < 0.003). Angle and iris parameters were similar overall for Filipino and Chinese. Conclusions Filipinos appear to have more convex and thicker irises, smaller lens vault and narrower angles compared to Caucasians. Filipino eyes closely resembled Chinese eyes with similar iris and angle parameters. Translational Relevance The anatomic angle parameters of Filipinos may contribute to angle closure risk among this population, thus ASOCT and thorough angle analysis is recommended in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine S Siguan-Bell
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines.,Department of Ophthalmology, Cebu Institute of Medicine, Cebu Velez General Hospital, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Sunee Chansangpetch
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Glaucoma Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Claudio I Perez
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Fundacion oftalmologica los Andes, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anne Kutzscher
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mingguang He
- Centre of Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Catherine Oldenburg
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Shan C Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Glaucoma Center of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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27
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Ito S, Sairenchi T, Machida T, Takino Y, Kondo Y, Mukai K, Kobashi G, Ishigami A, Senoo T. Reduced aqueous humour ascorbic-acid concentration in women with smaller anterior chamber depth. Sci Rep 2019; 9:372. [PMID: 30674957 PMCID: PMC6344481 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36899-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Short anterior chamber depth (ACD) is considered a risk factor of endothelial-cell loss after phacoemulsification. However, whether it is an independent risk factor or not remains controversial. We investigated the relationship between ascorbic acid (AA) concentrations in the aqueous humour (AqH) and ACD. We analysed 165 AqH samples of 97 patients (42 men and 55 women) who underwent small incision cataract surgery. AqH and plasma AA concentrations were measured using a high-performance liquid chromatography - electrochemical detection method. Patient characteristics were compared between and within the sexes. As a result, age and ACD were significantly correlated with AqH AA concentrations (r = −0.206, P = 0.045; r = 0.339, P < 0.001) only in women. Moreover, plasma AA concentrations were significantly correlated with AqH AA concentrations (r = 0.420, P < 0.001; r = 0.316, P = 0.002) both in men and women. After adjusting for confounding factors (age and plasma AA concentrations), ACD was significantly and positively correlated with AqH AA concentrations (partial.r = 0.275, P = 0.009) only in women. In conclusion, AqH AA concentrations were reduced in women with smaller ACD. This may suggest that women with short ACD could be more susceptible to oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakae Ito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan. .,Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Nogi Hospital, 5320-2 Tomonuma, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, 329-0101, Japan.
| | - Toshimi Sairenchi
- Department of public health, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Takehisa Machida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nogi Hospital, 5320-2 Tomonuma, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, 329-0101, Japan
| | - Yuka Takino
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kondo
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Koichiro Mukai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Gen Kobashi
- Department of public health, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Akihito Ishigami
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Tadashi Senoo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Nogi Hospital, 5320-2 Tomonuma, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, 329-0101, Japan
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Saba T, Bokhari STF, Sharif M, Yasmin M, Raza M. Fundus image classification methods for the detection of glaucoma: A review. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 81:1105-1121. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanzila Saba
- College of Computer and Information SciencesPrince Sultan University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Muhammad Sharif
- Department of Computer ScienceCOMSATS University Islamabad Wah Campus Pakistan
| | - Mussarat Yasmin
- Department of Computer ScienceCOMSATS University Islamabad Wah Campus Pakistan
| | - Mudassar Raza
- Department of Computer ScienceCOMSATS University Islamabad Wah Campus Pakistan
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29
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Evaluation of the Effect of Cycloplegia on Anterior Chamber Depth in Cataract Patients Using Optical Low-Coherence Reflectometry. Eye Contact Lens 2018; 44 Suppl 1:S59-S61. [DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Li M, Chen Y, Chen X, Zhu W, Chen X, Wang X, Fang Y, Kong X, Dai Y, Chen J, Sun X. Differences between fellow eyes of acute and chronic primary angle closure (glaucoma): An ultrasound biomicroscopy quantitative study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193006. [PMID: 29447247 PMCID: PMC5814014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare various biometric parameters between fellow eyes of acute primary angle closure (glaucoma) [APAC(G)] and fellow eyes of chronic primary angle closure (glaucoma) [CPAC(G)]. METHODS Ultrasound biomicroscopy examinations were performed on 47 patients with unilateral APAC(G) and 41 patients with asymmetric CPAC(G) before laser peripheral iridotomy and pilocarpine treatment. Anterior chamber depth and width (ACD and ACW), lens vault (LV), iris curvature (IC), iris root distance (IRD), trabecular-ciliary process distance (TCPD), iris-ciliary process distance (ICPD), trabecular-ciliary angle (TCA), and other biometric parameters were compared between fellow eyes of APAC(G) and fellow eyes of CAPC(G). RESULTS Compared with fellow eyes of CPAC(G), fellow eyes of APAC(G) had smaller ACD (P < 0.001), ACW (P = 0.007), TCPD (P = 0.016), ICPD (P = 0.008), and TCA (P = 0.006), as well as larger LV (P = 0.002), IC (P = 0.012), and IRD (P = 0.003). On multivariate logistic regression analyses, a 0.1 mm decrease in ACD (odds ratio [OR]: 0.705, 95%CI: 0.564-0.880, P = 0.002), ICPD (OR: 0.557, 95%CI: 0.335-0.925, P = 0.024), and a 0.1 mm increase in IRD (OR: 2.707, 95%CI: 1.025-7.149, P = 0.045), was significantly associated with occurrence of acute angle closures. CONCLUSIONS Fellow eyes of APAC(G) had smaller anterior segment dimensions, higher LV, more posterior iris insertion, greater IC, and more anteriorly rotated ciliary body compared with fellow eyes of CPAC(G). ACD, ICPD, and IRD were the three most important parameters that distinguish eyes predisposed to APAC(G) or CPAC(G).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health (Fudan University) and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health (Fudan University) and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (XHS); (YHC)
| | - Xiaoxiao Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health (Fudan University) and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqing Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health (Fudan University) and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueli Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health (Fudan University) and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health (Fudan University) and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health (Fudan University) and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangmei Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health (Fudan University) and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health (Fudan University) and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health (Fudan University) and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghuai Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health (Fudan University) and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (XHS); (YHC)
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Zhang X, Liu Y, Wang W, Chen S, Li F, Huang W, Aung T, Wang N. Why does acute primary angle closure happen? Potential risk factors for acute primary angle closure. Surv Ophthalmol 2017; 62:635-647. [DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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32
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Guo T, Sampathkumar S, Fan S, Morris N, Wang F, Toris CB. Aqueous humour dynamics and biometrics in the ageing Chinese eye. Br J Ophthalmol 2017; 101:1290-1296. [DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-309883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Measurement of and Factors Associated with the Anterior Chamber Volume in Healthy Chinese Adults. J Ophthalmol 2017; 2017:6762047. [PMID: 28168046 PMCID: PMC5259661 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6762047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. To measure the anterior chamber volume (ACV) and determine factors associated with the ACV in healthy Chinese adults. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, we used swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) to measure ACV and other anterior segment parameters. Factors associated with ACV were also determined. Results. A total of 313 healthy Chinese adults were enrolled. The anterior segment parameters, including ACV, could be measured by SS-OCT with excellent repeatability and reproducibility. There was a significant difference between the horizontal and vertical anterior chamber widths (ACW) (P < 0.05), with a mean difference of 390 μm. The ACV (mean 153.83 ± 32.42 mm3) was correlated with most of the anterior segment parameters, especially anterior chamber depth (ACD), which accounted for about 85% of the variation of ACV. Most of the anterior segment parameters were significantly correlated with age, and the relative changes in ACV and ACD were greatest in subjects aged 41–50 years. Conclusion. ACV was correlated with most of the anterior segment parameters measured in this study, particularly ACD. The relatively large difference between horizontal and vertical ACW suggests that the ACV could and should be measured using multiple OCT scans.
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35
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Maslin JS, Barkana Y, Dorairaj SK. Anterior segment imaging in glaucoma: An updated review. Indian J Ophthalmol 2016; 63:630-40. [PMID: 26576519 PMCID: PMC4687188 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.169787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Anterior segment imaging allows for an objective method of visualizing the anterior segment angle. Two of the most commonly used devices for anterior segment imaging include the anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and the ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). AS-OCT technology has several types, including time-domain, swept-source, and spectral-domain-based configurations. We performed a literature search on PubMed for articles containing the text “anterior segment OCT,” “ultrasound biomicroscopy,” and “anterior segment imaging” since 2004, with some pertinent references before 2004 included for completeness. This review compares the advantages and disadvantages of AS-OCT and UBM, and summarizes the most recent literature regarding the importance of these devices in glaucoma diagnosis and management. These devices not only aid in visualization of the angle, but also have important postsurgical applications in bleb and tube imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Syril K Dorairaj
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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36
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Anterior segment imaging-based subdivision of subjects with primary angle-closure glaucoma. Eye (Lond) 2016; 31:572-577. [PMID: 27935603 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2016.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this study was to identify whether it was possible to subdivide subjects with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) based on anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) imaging, and to determine the characteristics of such subgroups.MethodsWe evaluated 210 subjects with PACG. All subjects underwent gonioscopy and ASOCT imaging. Customized software was used to measure ASOCT parameters. An agglomerative hierarchical clustering method was first used to determine the optimum number of parameters to be included in the determination of subgroups. Then, the best number of subgroups was determined using Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) methods.ResultsThe mean age of the subjects was 67.9 years, and 53.3% were female. Following the hierarchical clustering, four parameters (iris area, anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber width (ACW), and lens vault (LV)) were chosen to be representative of related parameters. The optimal number of subgroups using GMM analysis and AIC was 3. Subgroup 1 (N=89; 42.4%) was characterized by a large iris area, subgroup 2 (N=24; 11.4%) by a large LV and a shallow ACD, whereas subgroup 3 (N=97; 46.2%) displayed only intermediate values across iris area, LV, and ACD.ConclusionsWe identified three distinct subgroups of PACG subjects based on ASOCT imaging.
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Goto S, Maeda N, Koh S, Ohnuma K, Hayashi K, Iehisa I, Noda T, Nishida K. Prediction of Postoperative Intraocular Lens Position with Angle-to-Angle Depth Using Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography. Ophthalmology 2016; 123:2474-2480. [PMID: 27769585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the accuracy of a new formula for predicting postoperative anterior chamber depth (ACD) with preoperative angle-to-angle (ATA) depth using anterior segment (AS) optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to compare it with established methods. DESIGN Retrospective consecutive case series. PARTICIPANTS Three hundred four eyes (276 patients) implanted with acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) were divided randomly into a training set (152 eyes) and a validation set (152 eyes). METHODS Based on the training set data, the postoperative ACD measured 1 month after surgery was analyzed via multiple linear regression analysis with 5 preoperatively measured variables: ATA depth, ATA width, preoperative ACD measured with AS OCT, axial length (AL), and corneal power. A new regression formula for predicting postoperative ACD was developed using the results of the stepwise analysis. In the validation set data, the coefficients of determination (R2) between the measured postoperative ACD and the predicted postoperative ACD obtained using the new formula were compared with those obtained using the Sanders-Retzlaff-Kraff theoretic (SRK/T) and Haigis formulas. The absolute prediction errors were compared with each formula. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Postoperative ACD, median absolute prediction error of postoperative ACD, and ocular biometric parameters. RESULTS In the training set, ATA depth yielded the highest standard partial regression coefficient value, indicating that ATA depth is the most effective parameter for predicting postoperative ACD. The new regression formula was developed with 3 variables; ATA depth, preoperative ACD, and AL. In the validation set, the postoperative ACDs of the new formula, the SRK/T formula, and Haigis formula were predicted with R2 of 0.71, 0.36, and 0.55, respectively, and the medians of the absolute prediction errors were 0.10 mm, 0.65 mm, and 0.30 mm, respectively. The absolute prediction error with the new formula was significantly smaller than those obtained with the SRK/T and Haigis formulas (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The new formula with 3 preoperative parameters-ATA depth, preoperative ACD, and AL-predicted postoperative ACD more accurately than the SRK/T and Haigis formulas. It may be possible to improve the accuracy of IOL power calculation using an improved postoperative ACD prediction with the ATA depth measured by AS OCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Goto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; National Hospital Organization, Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Maeda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Shizuka Koh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ohnuma
- Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Ikko Iehisa
- National Hospital Organization, Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Noda
- National Hospital Organization, Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohji Nishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Estimation of axial curvature of anterior sclera: correlation between axial length and anterior scleral curvature as affected by angle kappa. BMC Ophthalmol 2016; 16:176. [PMID: 27717338 PMCID: PMC5055721 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-016-0355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Though the development and fitting of scleral contact lenses are expanding steadily, there is no simple method to provide scleral metrics for scleral contact lens fitting yet. The aim of this study was to establish formulae for estimation of the axial radius of curvature (ARC) of the anterior sclera using ocular biometric parameters that can be easily obtained with conventional devices. METHODS A semi-automated stitching method and a computational analysis tool for calculating ARC were developed by using the ImageJ and MATLAB software. The ARC of all the ocular surface points were analyzed from the composite horizontal cross-sectional images of the right eyes of 24 volunteers; these measurements were obtained using anterior segment optical coherence tomography for a previous study (AS-OCT; Visante). Ocular biometric parameters were obtained from the same volunteers with slit-scanning topography and partial coherence interferometry. Correlation analysis was performed between the ARC at 8 mm to the axis line (ARC[8]) and other ocular parameters (including age). With ARC obtained on several nasal and temporal points (7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 8.5, and 9.0 mm from the axis line), univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to develop a model for estimating ARC with the help of ocular biometric parameters. RESULTS Axial length, spherical equivalent, and angle kappa showed correlations with temporal ARC[8] (tARC[8]; Pearson's r = 0.653, -0.579, and -0.341; P = 0.001, 0.015, and 0.015, respectively). White-to-white corneal diameter (WTW) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) showed correlation with nasal ARC[8] (nARC[8]; Pearson's r = -0.492 and -0.461; P = 0.015 and 0.023, respectively). The formulae for estimating scleral curvatures (tARC, nARC, and average ARC) were developed as a function of axial length, ACD, WTW, and distance from the axis line, with good determinant power (72 - 80 %; SPSS ver. 22.0). Angle kappa showed strong correlation with axial length (Pearson's r = -0.813, P <0.001), and the different correlation patterns of nasal and temporal ARC with axial length can be explained by the ocular surface deviation represented by angle kappa. CONCLUSIONS Axial length, ACD, and WTW are useful parameters for estimating the ARC of the anterior sclera, which is important for the haptic design of scleral contact lenses. Angle kappa affects the discrepancies between the nasal and temporal scleral curvature.
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Hashemi H, Khabazkhoob M, Yazdani N, Ostadimoghaddam H, Nabovati P, Moravej R, Yekta A. The distribution of orbscan indices in young population. J Curr Ophthalmol 2016; 29:39-44. [PMID: 28367525 PMCID: PMC5362392 DOI: 10.1016/j.joco.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the distribution of anterior eye biometry indices, such as keratometry pachymetry, anterior chamber depth (ACD), pupil diameter, and corneal diameter, as measured by Orbscan instrument in a young Iranian population. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, and subjects were selected through multistage cluster sampling from the students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Objective and subjective refraction were performed followed by Orbscan imaging. Results A total of 1330 subjects were selected, 1121 of which participated in the study. After applying the exclusion criteria, the final analysis was performed on the data of 1051 subjects. The mean age of the participants was 26.1 ± 3.2 years (19–34 years old). The mean ± SD and 95% confidence interval (CI) of maximum keratometry, minimum keratometry, pupil diameter, corneal diameter, ACD, and central corneal thickness was 44.5 ± 1.7 (44.4–44.6), 43.1 ± 1.6 (43.0–43.2), 4.3 ± 0.9 (4.3–4.4), 11.7 ± 0.4 (11.7–11.7), 3.7 ± 0.3 (3.6–3.7), and 550.5 ± 35 (548.4–552.6), respectively. After adjusting for age and the mean spherical equivalent (MSE), maximum keratometry, minimum keratometry, central corneal thickness, and the thinnest pachymetry were statistically significantly higher in female subjects (P < 0.001) whilst the corneal diameter and ACD were higher in male subjects (P < 0.001). The pupil diameter and ACD showed statistically significant changes with age (P < 0.001). The MSE was only correlated with maximum keratometry and ACD (P < 0.001). Conclusion In this study, the distribution of Orbscan measurements for the anterior segment parameters was reported in a large sample of the young Iranian population. Age, gender, and refractive error may affect the orbscan measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Hashemi
- Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khabazkhoob
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negareh Yazdani
- Department of Optometry, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hadi Ostadimoghaddam
- Refractive Errors Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Payam Nabovati
- Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Moravej
- Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - AbbasAli Yekta
- Department of Optometry, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Abstract
Foreword It gives me pleasure to introduce the 4th edition of the EGS Guidelines. The Third edition proved to be extremely successful, being translated into 7 languages with over 70000 copies being distributed across Europe; it has been downloadable, free, as a pdf file for the past 4 years. As one of the main objectives of the European Glaucoma Society has been to both educate and standardize glaucoma practice within the EU, these guidelines were structured so as to play their part. Glaucoma is a living specialty, with new ideas on causation, mechanisms and treatments constantly appearing. As a number of years have passed since the publication of the last edition, changes in some if not all of these ideas would be expected. For this new edition of the guidelines a number of editorial teams were created, each with responsibility for an area within the specialty; updating where necessary, introducing new diagrams and Flowcharts and ensuring that references were up to date. Each team had writers previously involved with the last edition as well as newer and younger members being co-opted. As soon as specific sections were completed they had further editorial comment to ensure cross referencing and style continuity with other sections. Overall guidance was the responsibility of Anders Heijl and Carlo Traverso. Tribute must be made to the Task Force whose efforts made the timely publication of the new edition possible. Roger Hitchings Chairman of the EGS Foundation www.eugs.org The Guidelines Writers and Contributors Augusto Azuara Blanco Luca Bagnasco Alessandro Bagnis Keith Barton Christoph Baudouin Boel Bengtsson Alain Bron Francesca Cordeiro Barbara Cvenkel Philippe Denis Christoph Faschinger Panayiota Founti Stefano Gandolfi David Garway Heath Francisco Goni Franz Grehn Anders Heijl Roger Hitchings Gabor Hollo Tony Hommer Michele Iester Jost Jonas Yves Lachkar Giorgio Marchini Frances Meier Gibbons Stefano Miglior Marta Misiuk-Hojo Maria Musolino Jean Philippe Nordmann Norbert Pfeiffer Luis Abegao Pinto Luca Rossetti John Salmon Leo Schmetterer Riccardo Scotto Tarek Shaarawy Ingeborg Stalmans Gordana Sunaric Megevand Ernst Tamm John Thygesen Fotis Topouzis Carlo Enrico Traverso Anja Tuulonen Ananth Viswanathan Thierry Zeyen The Guidelines Task Force Luca Bagnasco Anders Heijl Carlo Enrico Traverso Augusto Azuara Blanco Alessandro Bagnis David Garway Heath Michele Iester Yves Lachkar Ingeborg Stalmans Gordana Sunaric Mégevand Fotis Topouzis Anja Tuulonen Ananth Viswanathan The EGS Executive Committee Carlo Enrico Traverso (President) Anja Tuulonen (Vice President) Roger Hitchings (Past President) Anton Hommer (Treasurer) Barbara Cvenkel Julian Garcia Feijoo David Garway Heath Norbert Pfeiffer Ingeborg Stalmans The Board of the European Glaucoma Society Foundation Roger Hitchings (Chair) Carlo E. Traverso (Vice Chair) Franz Grehn Anders Heijl John Thygesen Fotis Topouzis Thierry Zeyen The EGS Committees CME and Certification Gordana Sunaric Mégevand (Chair) Carlo Enrico Traverso (Co-chair) Delivery of Care Anton Hommer (Chair) EU Action Thierry Zeyen (Chair) Carlo E. Traverso (Co-chair) Education John Thygesen (Chair) Fotis Topouzis (Co-chair) Glaucogene Ananth Viswanathan (Chair) Fotis Topouzis (Co-chair) Industry Liaison Roger Hitchings (Chair) Information Technology Ingeborg Stalmans (Chair) Carlo E. Traverso (Co-chair) National Society Liaison Anders Heijl (Chair) Program Planning Fotis Topouzis (Chair) Ingeborg Stalmans (Co-chair) Quality and Outcomes Anja Tuulonen (Chair) Augusto Azuara Blanco (Co-chair) Scientific Franz Grehn (Chair) David Garway Heath (Co-chair)
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mashaghi
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jiaxu Hong
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sunil K Chauhan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Reza Dana
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Chung HJ, Park CK. The Distinct Biometric Features of High Myopia Compared to Moderate Myopia. Curr Eye Res 2016; 41:1580-1583. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2015.1130229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chan Kee Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Comparative Evaluation of the Corneal and Anterior Chamber Parameters Derived From Scheimpflug Imaging in Arab and South Asian Normal Eyes. Cornea 2016. [PMID: 26203755 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000000544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the differences in the normal corneal and anterior segment Scheimpflug parameters in Arab and South Asian eyes. METHODS This hospital-based study was performed at a cornea and refractive surgery service in Abu Dhabi. A total of 600 consecutive normal candidates of South Asian (group 1, n = 300) and Arab (group 2, n = 300) origins underwent Scheimpflug imaging (Sirius; Costruzione Strumenti Oftalmici, Italy). One eye was randomly selected for evaluation. RESULTS The age and sex distributions in both groups were comparable. The pachymetric variables were statistically higher in group 2 (group 2 vs. group 1, 544.3 ± 32.2 μm vs. 535.1 ± 31.4 μm for central corneal thickness, 541.0 ± 32.6 μm vs. 531.9 ± 31.5 μm for minimum corneal thickness, 571.7 ± 43.2 μm vs. 558.1 ± 42.3 μm for apical thickness, and 58.1 ± 4.2 vs. 57.3 ± 4.3 mm³ for the corneal volume; P < 0.05). The anterior chamber volume (group 2 vs. group 1: 166.4 ± 16.4 vs. 161.6 ± 20.5 mm³) and angle (group 2 vs. group 1: 44.6 ± 6.2 vs. 43.5 ± 5.8 degrees) were also higher for group 2 (P < 0.05). Central corneal curvature and apical corneal curvature (apex K) were higher in group 1 (P < 0.05) with comparable astigmatism. The flat keratometry (K), steep K, and apex K were 43.6 ± 2.2 diopters (D), 44.9 ± 1.8 D, and 45.7 ± 1.8 D for group 1, and 43.1 ± 2.2 D, 44.5 ± 2 D, and 45.2 ± 1.9 D for group 2. The effect size (Cohen d) for significant parameters ranged from 0.2 to 0.3. CONCLUSIONS Normal eyes of Arab ethnicity tend to have statistically thicker and flatter corneas and less-crowded anterior segments than those of the South Asian counterparts. These epidemiological differences have a mild to moderate biological effect size (Cohen d), but they should be considered when evaluating these eyes for anterior segment or corneal procedures.
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Fernández-Vigo JI, Fernández-Vigo JÁ, Macarro-Merino A, Fernández-Pérez C, Martínez-de-la-Casa JM, García-Feijoó J. Determinants of anterior chamber depth in a large Caucasian population and agreement between intra-ocular lens Master and Pentacam measurements of this variable. Acta Ophthalmol 2016; 94:e150-5. [PMID: 26303627 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish the main determinants of anterior chamber depth (ACD) in Caucasian subjects and examine agreement between IOL Master(®) (Carl Zeiss, Meditec) and Pentacam(®) (Oculus Inc.) ACD measurements. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, 1006 right eyes of 1006 healthy subjects were subjected to a general ophthalmologic examination using the Pentacam(®) , IOLMaster(®) and OCT RTVue(®) (Optovue Inc.). The variables recorded were age, sex, intra-ocular pressure, spherical refractive error, axial length (AL), central corneal thickness, corneal diameter, iris thickness, and anterior chamber depth, volume and angle (ACA). The effects of these variables on ACD were analysed by multivariate linear regression. RESULTS Mean age was 49.1 years (range 18-84); 61% were women. In 98.3% of the eyes, ACD could be measured using the IOL Master and in 98% the Pentacam was used to give mean depths of 3.30 ± 0.42 mm and 3.35 ± 0.43 mm, respectively, for the two instruments. Agreement between these devices was high. In men, ACD was 0.13 mm on average deeper than in women (p < 0.001). ACD was correlated with ACA, AL, corneal diameter, spherical refractive error and age (p < 0.001). Five variables - age, sex, spherical error, corneal diameter and ACA - were able to explain 74.1% of the variation produced in ACD (R(2) = 0.741; p < 0.001), among which age emerged as the main determinant (partial R(2) = 0.279; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Age, sex, spherical error, corneal diameter and ACA correlate highly with ACD and together serve to explain much of its variation. When used to measure ACD, the IOLMaster and Pentacam show excellent agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio Fernández-Vigo
- Department of Ophthalmology; Institute of Health Research; Clínico San Carlos University Hospital; Complutense University of Madrid; Madrid Spain
- International Center of advanced Ophthalmology; Madrid Spain
| | - José Ángel Fernández-Vigo
- International Center of advanced Ophthalmology; Madrid Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology; University of Extremadura; Badajoz Spain
| | - Ana Macarro-Merino
- International Center of advanced Ophthalmology; Madrid Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology; University of Extremadura; Badajoz Spain
| | - Cristina Fernández-Pérez
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Institute of Health Research; Clínico San Carlos University Hospital; Complutense University of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Jose Maria Martínez-de-la-Casa
- Department of Ophthalmology; Institute of Health Research; Clínico San Carlos University Hospital; Complutense University of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Julian García-Feijoó
- Department of Ophthalmology; Institute of Health Research; Clínico San Carlos University Hospital; Complutense University of Madrid; Madrid Spain
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The Icare-Pro Rebound Tonometer Versus the Hand-held Applanation Tonometer in Congenital Glaucoma. J Glaucoma 2016; 25:149-54. [DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zheng C, de Leon JMS, Cheung CY, Narayanaswamy AK, Ong SH, Tan CW, Chew PT, Perera SA, Wong TY, Aung T. Determinants of pupil diameters and pupil dynamics in an adult Chinese population. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2016; 254:929-36. [PMID: 26810838 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-016-3272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the determinants of pupil diameter (PD), amplitude of pupil diameter change (PD-change) and speed of pupil constriction (SPC) using video anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) in a population-based sample of Chinese adults. METHODS Chinese adults aged 40 to 80 years who were free from glaucoma were consecutively recruited from the population-based Singapore Chinese Eye Study. The SPC was measured by AS-OCT videography. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to examine the effects of demographic and ocular biometric factors (e.g., axial length [AL], anterior chamber depth [ACD], baseline PD, iris thickness at the area of the dilator muscle [ITDMR], iris area [IA], and iris bowing [IB]) on SPC, PD, and PD-change. RESULTS A total of 266/302 (89.5 %) AS-OCT videos of eligible eyes were available for analysis. Among these subjects, 64.3 % were women, and the mean age (± standard deviation [SD]) was 56 ± 8.3 years. SPC was not associated with sex. In multiple regression analyses, SPC was independently associated with baseline PD (β = 0.116, p = 0.006). Baseline PD was independently associated with ACD (β = 0.341, p < 0.001), TISA 500 (β = -4.513, p < 0.001), IA (β = -2.796, p < 0.001), and ITDMR (β = 6.573, p < 0.001). PD-change was independently associated with ACD (β = 0.256, p < 0.001), IA (β = -1.507, p < 0.001), IB (β = 0.630, p = 0.011), and ITDMR (β = 3.124, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Among normal eyes in an adult Chinese population, SPC was associated with larger baseline PD. Larger baseline PD and greater PD change form dark to light were associated with greater ACD, with smaller IA and thicker ITDMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Zheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute & Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore, 168751, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.,Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and Chinese University of Hong Kong, Dong Xia North Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - John Mark S de Leon
- Singapore Eye Research Institute & Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
| | - Carol Y Cheung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute & Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore, 168751, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Arun K Narayanaswamy
- Singapore Eye Research Institute & Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
| | - Sim-Heng Ong
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Clement W Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Paul T Chew
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Shamira A Perera
- Singapore Eye Research Institute & Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
| | - Tien Y Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute & Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore, 168751, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute & Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore, 168751, Singapore. .,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore. .,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
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Sng CCA, Aquino MCD, Liao J, Zheng C, Ang M, Chew PTK. Anterior segment morphology after acute primary angle closure treatment: a randomised study comparing iridoplasty and medical therapy. Br J Ophthalmol 2015; 100:542-8. [PMID: 26294102 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-307087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the effect of argon laser peripheral iridoplasty (ALPI) and conventional medical therapy in the immediate treatment of acute primary angle closure (APAC) using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT). METHODS In this single tertiary centre, prospective comparative study, we randomised 30 consecutive patients with unilateral APAC into two groups: ALPI and medical treatment (n=15 each). Immediately before and 1 h after either intervention, ASOCT imaging was performed. Custom software was used to measure pupil diameter, anterior chamber depth, iris curvature (I-Curv), iris area (I-Area), and the angle opening distance (AOD750), trabecular iris space area (TISA750) and the iris thickness at 750 µm from the scleral spur. The main outcome measure was the change in anterior segment biometrical parameters. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 62.8±7.7 years; 13 (43.3%) were male. APAC eyes treated with ALPI had a larger increase in AOD750 (p=0.002) and TISA750 (p=0.006); a smaller increase in I-Area (p=0.004) and a decrease in I-Curv (p=0.001) after treatment compared with those eyes which received medical therapy. An optimal model consisting of age, gender, pretreatment and post-treatment pupil diameter, treatment modality and pretreatment I-Curv explained 53.2% of the variance in AOD750 change after treatment, with the treatment modality accounting for 35.0% and I-Curv accounting for 12.4% of the variability. CONCLUSIONS We observed a greater increase in angle width after ALPI compared with after medical treatment in eyes with APAC. Treatment modality and pretreatment I-Curv were the most significant predictors of angle width change after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelvin C A Sng
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore Singapore Eye Research Institute and Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jiemin Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ce Zheng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Marcus Ang
- Singapore Eye Research Institute and Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul T K Chew
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore Singapore Eye Research Institute and Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
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Fu T, Song YW, Chen ZQ, He JW, Qiao K, Sun XF, Zhang H, Wang JM. Ocular biometry in the adult population in rural central China: a population-based, cross-sectional study. Int J Ophthalmol 2015; 8:812-7. [PMID: 26309884 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2015.04.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To describe the distribution and determinants of ocular biometric parameters and to ascertain the relative importance of these determinants in a large population of adults in rural central China. METHODS A population-based, cross-sectional study performed in rural central China included 1721 participants aged 40 or more years. Ocular biometrical parameters including axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), radius of corneal curvature (K) and horizontal corneal diameter [white-to-white (WTW) distance] were measured using non-contact partial coherence interferometry [intraocular lens (IOL)-Master]. RESULTS Ocular biometric data on 1721 participants with a average age of 57.0±8.7y were analyzed at last. The general mean AL, ACD, mean corneal curvature radius (MCR), WTW were 22.80±1.12, 2.96±0.36, 7.56±0.26 and 11.75±0.40 mm, respectively. The mean values of each parameter in 40 to 49, 50 to 59, 60 to 69, and 70 to 91 years age groups were as follows: AL, 22.77±0.87, 22.76±1.06, 22.89±1.41, 22.92±0.80 mm; ACD, 3.10±0.32, 2.98±0.34, 2.86±0.36, 2.77±0.35 mm; MCR, 7.58±0.25, 7.54±0.26, 7.55±0.26, 7.49±0.28 mm; WTW, 11.79±0.38, 11.75±0.40, 11.72±0.41, 11.67±0.41 mm. The AL, ACD, MCR and WTW were correlated with age and the AL was correlated with height and weight. CONCLUSION Our findings can serve as an important normative reference for multiple purposes and may help to improve the quality of rural eye care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yin-Wei Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jun-Wen He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Kun Qiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xu-Fang Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jun-Ming Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
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Glaucoma detection based on deep convolutional neural network. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2015; 2015:715-8. [PMID: 26736362 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7318462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a chronic and irreversible eye disease, which leads to deterioration in vision and quality of life. In this paper, we develop a deep learning (DL) architecture with convolutional neural network for automated glaucoma diagnosis. Deep learning systems, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), can infer a hierarchical representation of images to discriminate between glaucoma and non-glaucoma patterns for diagnostic decisions. The proposed DL architecture contains six learned layers: four convolutional layers and two fully-connected layers. Dropout and data augmentation strategies are adopted to further boost the performance of glaucoma diagnosis. Extensive experiments are performed on the ORIGA and SCES datasets. The results show area under curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve in glaucoma detection at 0.831 and 0.887 in the two databases, much better than state-of-the-art algorithms. The method could be used for glaucoma detection.
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He Y, Baskaran M, Narayanaswamy AK, Sakata LM, Wu R, Liu D, Nongpiur ME, He M, Friedman DS, Aung T. Changes in anterior segment dimensions over 4 years in a cohort of Singaporean subjects with open angles. Br J Ophthalmol 2015; 99:1097-102. [PMID: 25680618 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-305816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate quantitative changes in anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) parameters at 4 years in subjects with open angles on gonioscopy at baseline. METHODS 339 gonioscopically open-angle subjects aged >50 years underwent AS-OCT imaging (Visante, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, California, USA) at baseline and at 4 years. Customised software was used to analyse images. Linear regression was performed to assess baseline predictors of change in mean trabecular iris space area (TISA). RESULTS Of the 339 subjects, 204 (61%) had good images for analysis. The mean age at baseline was 60 (SD 6.42) years; 55.4% were women and 87.7% were Chinese. Overall, there was a decrease in anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber area (ACA), anterior chamber volume (ACV) and angle opening distance at 500/750 µm, TISA 500/750 µm, iris thickness at 2000 µm and iris area in both nasal and temporal quadrants (p<0.05) at 4 years. There was an increase in iris curvature (ICURV) and lens vault (LV) (p<0.05). With univariate analysis, shorter axial length (AxL), shallower ACD, greater LV, smaller ACA/ACV and larger mean ICURV at baseline were associated with less change in TISA750 at follow-up. On multivariate analysis, only baseline mean ICURV and shorter AxL were predictive of less change in TISA750 at 4 years. CONCLUSIONS Angle width significantly decreased; ICURV and LV increased in subjects with gonioscopically open angles followed at 4 years. Eyes with shorter AxL and greater ICURV at baseline had lesser decrease in angle width.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingke He
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore Singapore Eye Research Institute and Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mani Baskaran
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore Singapore Eye Research Institute and Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arun K Narayanaswamy
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore Singapore Eye Research Institute and Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lisandro M Sakata
- Singapore Eye Research Institute and Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Renyi Wu
- Singapore Eye Research Institute and Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dianna Liu
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Monisha E Nongpiur
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore Singapore Eye Research Institute and Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mingguang He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - David S Friedman
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tin Aung
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore Singapore Eye Research Institute and Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Chen X, Xu Y, Yan S, Wong DWK, Wong TY, Liu J. Automatic Feature Learning for Glaucoma Detection Based on Deep Learning. LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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