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Zong Y, Cheng C, Lin L, Yu Y, Liu S, Liu X, Wu K. Targeted metabolomic analysis of serum free fatty acids: Lipidomics disturbance in patients with superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis. Exp Eye Res 2024; 246:110011. [PMID: 39053641 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.110011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify and quantify free fatty acids (FFAs), secretory phospholipase A2 group IIa (sPLA2-IIa) and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) in serum of superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (SLK) patients and explored the association between FFAs, sPLA2-IIa and cPLA2 variations and SLK. Targeted metabolomic analysis of FFAs in serum was performed by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) analysis on 16 SLK patients (43.88 ± 7.88 years; female: 62.50%) and 25 healthy controls (43.12 ± 7.88 years; female: 64.00%). Qualitative and absolute quantitative results of FFAs were obtained and classified according to gender and thyroid tests. Differential lipid metabolites, metabolomic pathways and biomarkers were further evaluated. The serum sPLA2-IIa and cPLA2 were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Among 40 FFAs identified, 6 FFAs showed significant changes (P < 0.05) in SLK patients, including 4 decreased and 2 increased. They were mainly related to unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid metabolism, and fatty acid biosynthesis. When dividing the data by gender or abnormal thyroid tests, some comparable FFAs alterations displayed in SLK patients. The ROC analysis revealed that the AUC values of linoleic acid, γ-linolenic acid, cis-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid, stearic acid, and palmitic acid, were all greater than 0.8. The serum concentrations of sPLA2-IIa and cPLA2 in patients with SLK were significantly higher than that in healthy controls. Lipidomics disturbance might be the potential mechanism of SLK. Serum FFA biomarkers associated with SLK have potential for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zong
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liping Lin
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yubin Yu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sihao Liu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuping Liu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaili Wu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China.
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Yue J, Fang H, Chen S, Gu L, Ren G. Causal role of blood metabolites in HER-positive and HER-negative breast cancer: a Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:11626-11655. [PMID: 39103210 PMCID: PMC11346783 DOI: 10.18632/aging.206042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies provide evidence that in vivo metabolites are associated with breast cancer (BC). However, the causal relationship between blood metabolites and BC remains unclear. METHOD Comprehensive two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted to determine the causal association between 1400 publicly available genetic data on metabolic factors and human epidermal growth factor receptor positive (HER+) BC or HER- BC in this study. RESULT Epiandrosterone sulfate levels (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.02 ~ 1.10, p = 0.0013), 5alpha-androstan-3beta,17beta-diol monosulfate (2) levels (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.03 ~ 1.12, p = 0.0012), glycohyocholate levels (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.77 ~ 0.93, p = 0.0007) and etiocholanolone glucuronide levels (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.05 ~ 1.20, p = 0.0013) were causally correlated with HER+ BC. 5 metabolites were causally correlated with HER- BC: Vanillic acid glycine levels (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.06 ~ 1.22, p = 0.0003), Thyroxine levels (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.11 ~ 1.44, p = 0.0004), 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-GPI (16:0/18:2) levels (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.79 ~ 0.94, p = 0.0010), N-acetylphenylalanine levels (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.05 ~ 1.19, p = 0.0007) and Glucose-to-mannose ratio (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.06 ~ 1.24, p = 0.0008). Two common causally related metabolites were identified: Gamma-glutamyl glutamate and X-12849 levels. CONCLUSIONS Our study has respectively demonstrated the connection between blood metabolites and HER+ or HER- BC by genetic means, thereby offering opportunities for therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yue
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Gaozhou People’s Hospital, Gaozhou, China
| | - Huiying Fang
- Department of Breast Cancer Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Intelligent Oncology in Breast Cancer (iCQBC), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Gaozhou People’s Hospital, Gaozhou, China
| | - Lei Gu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guosheng Ren
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Tan Y, Yan Z, Yin J, Cao J, Xie B, Zhang F, Zhang W, Xiong W. Elucidating the role of genetically determined metabolites in Diabetic Retinopathy: insights from a mendelian randomization analysis. Acta Diabetol 2024:10.1007/s00592-024-02345-7. [PMID: 39090426 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-024-02345-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic retinopathy (DR) results from complex genetic and metabolic interactions. Unraveling the links between blood metabolites and DR can advance risk prediction and therapy. METHODS Leveraging Mendelian Randomization (MR) and Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression (LDSC), we analyzed 10,413 DR cases and 308,633 controls. Data was sourced from the Metabolomics GWAS server and the FinnGen project. RESULTS Our research conducted a comprehensive MR analysis across 486 serum metabolites to investigate their causal role in DR. After stringent selection and validation of instrumental variables, we focused on 480 metabolites for analysis. Our findings revealed 38 metabolites potentially causally associated with DR. Specifically, 4-androsten-3beta,17beta-diol disulfate 2 was identified as significantly associated with a reduced risk of DR (OR = 0.471, 95% CI = 0.324-0.684, p = 7.87 × 10- 5), even after rigorous adjustments for multiple testing. Sensitivity analyses further validated the robustness of this association, and linkage disequilibrium score regression analyses showed no significant genetic correlation between this metabolite and DR, suggesting a specific protective effect against DR. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies 4-androsten-3beta,17beta-diol disulfate 2, a metabolite of androgens, as a significant protective factor against diabetic retinopathy, suggesting androgens as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha City, 410013, Hunan Province, China
- Postdoctoral Station of Clinical Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zuyun Yan
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jiayang Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha City, 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jiamin Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha City, 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Bingyu Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha City, 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha City, 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha City, 410013, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha City, 410013, Hunan Province, China.
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Wang WC, Huang CH, Chung HH, Chen PL, Hu FR, Yang CH, Yang CM, Lin CW, Hsu CC, Chen TC. Metabolomics facilitates differential diagnosis in common inherited retinal degenerations by exploring their profiles of serum metabolites. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3562. [PMID: 38670966 PMCID: PMC11053129 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47911-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of inherited retinal degeneration (IRD) is challenging owing to its phenotypic and genotypic complexity. Clinical information is important before a genetic diagnosis is made. Metabolomics studies the entire picture of bioproducts, which are determined using genetic codes and biological reactions. We demonstrated that the common diagnoses of IRD, including retinitis pigmentosa (RP), cone-rod dystrophy (CRD), Stargardt disease (STGD), and Bietti's crystalline dystrophy (BCD), could be differentiated based on their metabolite heatmaps. Hundreds of metabolites were identified in the volcano plot compared with that of the control group in every IRD except BCD, considered as potential diagnosing markers. The phenotypes of CRD and STGD overlapped but could be differentiated by their metabolomic features with the assistance of a machine learning model with 100% accuracy. Moreover, EYS-, USH2A-associated, and other RP, sharing considerable similar characteristics in clinical findings, could also be diagnosed using the machine learning model with 85.7% accuracy. Further study would be needed to validate the results in an external dataset. By incorporating mass spectrometry and machine learning, a metabolomics-based diagnostic workflow for the clinical and molecular diagnoses of IRD was proposed in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chieh Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | - Pei-Lung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fung-Rong Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hao Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-May Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Wen Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Leeuwenhoek Laboratories Co. Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ta-Ching Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Center of Frontier Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Wu KY, Serhan O, Faucher A, Tran SD. Advances in Sjögren's Syndrome Dry Eye Diagnostics: Biomarkers and Biomolecules beyond Clinical Symptoms. Biomolecules 2024; 14:80. [PMID: 38254680 PMCID: PMC10812982 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome dry eye (SSDE) is a subset of Sjögren's syndrome marked by dry eye symptoms that is distinct from non-Sjögren's syndrome dry eye (NSSDE). As SSDE can lead to severe complications, its early detection is imperative. However, the differentiation between SSDE and NSSDE remains challenging due to overlapping clinical manifestations. This review endeavors to give a concise overview of the classification, pathophysiology, clinical features and presentation, ocular and systemic complications, clinical diagnosis, and management of SSDE. Despite advancements, limitations in current diagnostic methods underscore the need for novel diagnostic modalities. Thus, the current review examines various diagnostic biomarkers utilized for SSDE identification, encompassing serum, salivary, and tear analyses. Recent advancements in proteomic research and exosomal biomarkers offer promising diagnostic potential. Through a comprehensive literature review spanning from 2016 to 2023, we highlight molecular insights and advanced diagnostic modalities that have the potential to enhance our understanding and diagnosis of SSDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y. Wu
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada; (K.Y.W.); (A.F.)
| | - Olivia Serhan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada
| | - Anne Faucher
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada; (K.Y.W.); (A.F.)
| | - Simon D. Tran
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
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Fineide FA, Tashbayev B, Elgstøen KBP, Sandås EM, Rootwelt H, Hynne H, Chen X, Ræder S, Vehof J, Dartt D, Jensen JL, Utheim TP. Tear and Saliva Metabolomics in Evaporative Dry Eye Disease in Females. Metabolites 2023; 13:1125. [PMID: 37999221 PMCID: PMC10673540 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis of dry eye disease (DED) is challenging, and even today there is no gold standard biomarker of DED. Hypothesis-free global metabolomic studies of tears from DED patients have great potential to discover metabolites and pathways affected in the pathophysiology of DED, and to identify possible future biomarkers. These metabolites and biomarkers could be important for diagnosing and monitoring disease as well as for new therapeutic targets and strategies. As DED is associated with dry mouth, this study aimed to perform metabolomic analyses of tears and saliva from patients with decreased tear film break-up time but normal Schirmer test, and age-matched controls with both tear production and stability within physiological range. We applied strict inclusion criteria to reduce sampling bias in the metabolomic analyses and selected only age-matched females with Schirmer test values between 10-15 mm/5 min. The tear film analysis arm included 19 patients (with tear film break-up time 0-5 s) and 12 controls (with tear film break-up time 10-30 s), while the salivary analysis arm consisted of a subset which included 18 patients and six controls. Metabolomic analyses were performed using liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Analyses using a global database search detected a total of 56 metabolites in tear samples that were significantly different between the groups. Of these, several have known associations with DED. These metabolites are present in meibum and have anti-oxidative characteristics or associations with the ocular microbiome, and altered concentrations suggest that they may play a significant role in DED associated with decreased tear film stability. In saliva, hypotaurine levels were lower among patients with tear film instability. In this pilot study, we found different levels of several metabolites in patients with decreased tear film break-up time that may have associations with DED. Future studies are required to replicate our findings and clarify the exact roles of these metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik A. Fineide
- The Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic, 0366 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Computer Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Behzod Tashbayev
- The Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic, 0366 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Elise M. Sandås
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Helge Rootwelt
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard Hynne
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Drammen Hospital Trust, 3004 Drammen, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Trust, 4838 Arendal, Norway
| | - Sten Ræder
- The Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic, 0366 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jelle Vehof
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Darlene Dartt
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Janicke L. Jensen
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tor P. Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway
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Wang X, Luan F, Yue H, Song C, Wang S, Feng J, Zhang X, Yang W, Li Y, Wei W, Tao Y. Recent advances of smart materials for ocular drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 200:115006. [PMID: 37451500 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the variety and complexity of ocular diseases and the natural ocular barriers, drug therapy for ocular diseases has significant limitations, such as poor drug targeting to the site of the disease, poor drug penetration, and short drug retention time in the vitreous body. With the development of biotechnology, biomedical materials have reached the "smart" stage. To date, despite their inability to overcome all the aforementioned drawbacks, a variety of smart materials have been widely tested to treat various ocular diseases. This review analyses the most recent developments in multiple smart materials (inorganic particles, polymeric particles, lipid-based particles, hydrogels, and devices) to treat common ocular diseases and discusses the future directions and perspectives regarding clinical translation issues. This review can help researchers rationally design more smart materials for specific ocular applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Fuxiao Luan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Hua Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Cui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, PR China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Yuxin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
| | - Yong Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, PR China.
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Shrestha GS, Vijay AK, Stapleton F, White A, Pickford R, Carnt N. Human tear metabolites associated with nucleoside-signalling pathways in bacterial keratitis. Exp Eye Res 2023; 228:109409. [PMID: 36775205 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to profile and quantify tear metabolites associated with bacterial keratitis using both untargeted and targeted metabolomic platforms. METHODS Untargeted metabolomic analysis using liquid-chromatography-Q Exactive-HF mass-spectrometry explored tear metabolites significantly associated with bacterial keratitis (n = 6) compared to healthy participants (n = 6). Differential statistics and principal component analysis determined meaningful metabolite differences between cases and controls. Purines and nucleosides were further quantified and compared between 15 cases and 15 controls in the targeted metabolomic platform using TSQ quantum access triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Compound quantification was done by plotting the calibration curves and the difference in the compound levels was evaluated using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. RESULTS In the untargeted analysis, 49 tear metabolites (27 upregulated and 22 downregulated) were differentially expressed between cases and controls. The untargeted analysis indicated that the purine metabolism pathway was the most affected by bacterial keratitis. Metabolite quantification in the targeted analysis further confirmed the upregulation of xanthine (P = 0.02) and downregulation of adenine (P < 0.0001), adenosine (P < 0.0001) and cytidine (P < 0.0001) in the tears of participants with bacterial keratitis compared to that of healthy participants. CONCLUSIONS Bacterial keratitis significantly changes the tear metabolite profile, including five major compound classes such as indoles, amino acids, nucleosides, carbohydrates, and steroids. This study also indicates that tear fluids can be used to map the metabolic pathways and uncover metabolic markers associated with bacterial keratitis. Conceivably, the inhibition of nucleoside synthesis may contribute to the pathophysiology of bacterial keratitis because nucleosides are required for maintaining cellular energy homeostasis and immune adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fiona Stapleton
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew White
- Department of Ophthalmology, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Australia; Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Russell Pickford
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicole Carnt
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Australia; Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, United Kingdom
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New insight of metabolomics in ocular diseases in the context of 3P medicine. EPMA J 2023; 14:53-71. [PMID: 36866159 PMCID: PMC9971428 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-023-00313-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics refers to the high-through untargeted or targeted screening of metabolites in biofluids, cells, and tissues. Metabolome reflects the functional states of cells and organs of an individual, influenced by genes, RNA, proteins, and environment. Metabolomic analyses help to understand the interaction between metabolism and phenotype and reveal biomarkers for diseases. Advanced ocular diseases can lead to vision loss and blindness, reducing patients' quality of life and aggravating socio-economic burden. Contextually, the transition from reactive medicine to the predictive, preventive, and personalized (PPPM / 3P) medicine is needed. Clinicians and researchers dedicate a lot of efforts to explore effective ways for disease prevention, biomarkers for disease prediction, and personalized treatments, by taking advantages of metabolomics. In this way, metabolomics has great clinical utility in the primary and secondary care. In this review, we summarized much progress achieved by applying metabolomics to ocular diseases and pointed out potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways involved to promote 3P medicine approach in healthcare.
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Kim H, An Y, Hwang WJ. Gender differences in dry eye disease symptoms associated with psychological health indicators among adults using mobile mental health apps. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278921. [PMID: 36649292 PMCID: PMC9844882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the association between dry eye disease (DED) symptoms and mental health among Korean adults in the community. METHODS A cross-sectional study analyzed the data of 152 participants using mobile-phone applications for recording mental health. We defined individuals with DED symptoms as those who experienced a sense of irritation or dryness of the eye (either constantly or often). Mental health (perceived stress, depression, and anxiety) was assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and General Anxiety Disorder-7, in this order. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between DED symptoms and mental health. We also adjusted for possible covariates. We investigated sex differences in mental health status in relation to DED. RESULTS We found that 41.4% of the participants (48.4% female and 30.5% male) showed DED symptoms, and its prevalence was higher in female than in male. The average perceived stress and anxiety symptoms in the female with DED (24.69±4.73 and 6.56±5.09, respectively) were significantly higher than those without DED (21.38±4.68 and 4.54±4.03) (p = 0.020 and 0.038, respectively). Even after adjusting for possible covariates, female who had DED showed higher risks of perceived stress (OR = 1.28), depression (OR = 2.64), and anxiety (OR = 5.81). CONCLUSIONS Clinicians and nurses should therefore be aware of the possibility of mental health problems among female with DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojin Kim
- Department of Optometry, Division of Health Science, and Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Baekseok University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Youngju An
- Department of Optometry, Baekseok Culture University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Won Ju Hwang
- Department of College of Nursing Science, East-west Nursing Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Sex Steroid Hormone Analysis in Human Tear Fluid Using a Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314864. [PMID: 36499192 PMCID: PMC9735929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The marked sexual dimorphism prevalent in inflammatory/autoimmune diseases is mostly due to sex hormone actions. One common eye disease that disproportionately affects women is dry eye. Thus, our aim was to optimise our highly sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for steroid hormone quantification in tear fluid (TF). We used tears and matched serum samples from 10 heathy individuals. Estrone, estradiol testosterone, progesterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone, were quantified with an HPLC coupled with a Triple Quad 5500 MS. Estrone was measured in 80% of female and 20% of male TF samples (mean ± SD, 68.9 ± 62.2 pmol/L), whereas estradiol was undetectable in tears. Progesterone was identified in half of the female tear samples (2.91 ± 3.47 nmol/L) but in none of the male samples, whereas testosterone was quantifiable only in male tears (0.24 ± 0.1 nmol/L). TF hormone levels were, on average, from 1.4% to 55% of systemic values. Estrone, progesterone, and testosterone levels in tears correlated with the matching serum samples (r = 0.82, 0.79, and 0.85, respectively), but androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone showed no correlations. Our LC-MS/MS method could detect five out of the six steroid hormones studied in individual human TF samples and could therefore be used to analyse the role of sex steroids in eye diseases.
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Louca P, Tran TQB, Toit CD, Christofidou P, Spector TD, Mangino M, Suhre K, Padmanabhan S, Menni C. Machine learning integration of multimodal data identifies key features of blood pressure regulation. EBioMedicine 2022; 84:104243. [PMID: 36084617 PMCID: PMC9463529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Association studies have identified several biomarkers for blood pressure and hypertension, but a thorough understanding of their mutual dependencies is lacking. By integrating two different high-throughput datasets, biochemical and dietary data, we aim to understand the multifactorial contributors of blood pressure (BP). METHODS We included 4,863 participants from TwinsUK with concurrent BP, metabolomics, genomics, biochemical measures, and dietary data. We used 5-fold cross-validation with the machine learning XGBoost algorithm to identify features of importance in context of one another in TwinsUK (80% training, 20% test). The features tested in TwinsUK were then probed using the same algorithm in an independent dataset of 2,807 individuals from the Qatari Biobank (QBB). FINDINGS Our model explained 39·2% [4·5%, MAE:11·32 mmHg (95%CI, +/- 0·65)] of the variance in systolic BP (SBP) in TwinsUK. Of the top 50 features, the most influential non-demographic variables were dihomo-linolenate, cis-4-decenoyl carnitine, lactate, chloride, urate, and creatinine along with dietary intakes of total, trans and saturated fat. We also highlight the incremental value of each included dimension. Furthermore, we replicated our model in the QBB [SBP variance explained = 45·2% (13·39%)] cohort and 30 of the top 50 features overlapped between cohorts. INTERPRETATION We show that an integrated analysis of omics, biochemical and dietary data improves our understanding of their in-between relationships and expands the range of potential biomarkers for blood pressure. Our results point to potentially key biological pathways to be prioritised for mechanistic studies. FUNDING Chronic Disease Research Foundation, Medical Research Council, Wellcome Trust, Qatar Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiotis Louca
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, England, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Tran Quoc Bao Tran
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Clea du Toit
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Paraskevi Christofidou
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, England, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, England, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, England, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, England, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.
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Martins TGDS, Sipahi AM, Mendes MA, Fowler SB, Schor P. Metaboloma use in ophthalmology. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE OFTALMOLOGIA 2022. [DOI: 10.37039/1982.8551.20220056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Sun L, Guo D, Jia Y, Shi M, Yang P, Wang Y, Liu F, Chen GC, Zhang Y, Zhu Z. Association Between Human Blood Metabolome and the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease. Ann Neurol 2022; 92:756-767. [PMID: 35899678 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common degenerative neurological disorder with limited therapeutic options. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore the potential biomarkers implicated in the occurrence and progression of AD prior to clinical testing. METHODS We selected 119 unique blood metabolites from 3 metabolome genome-wide association studies (GWASs) with 147,827 European participants. Summary data about AD were obtained from a GWAS meta-analysis with 63,926 European individuals from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project. MR analyses were performed to assess the associations of blood metabolites with AD, and a phenome-wide MR analysis was further applied to ascertain the potential on-target side effects of metabolite interventions. RESULTS Four metabolites were identified as causal mediators for AD, including epiandrosterone sulfate (odds ratio [OR] per SD increase: 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51-0.71; P=6.14×10-9 ), 5alpha-androstan-3beta-17beta-diol disulfate (OR per SD increase: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.57-0.84; P=1.98×10-4 ), sphingomyelin (OR per SD increase: 2.53; 95% CI: 1.78-3.59; P=2.10×10-7 ), and glutamine (OR per SD increase: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.77-0.89; P=2.09×10-6 ). Phenome-wide MR analysis showed that epiandrosterone sulfate, 5alpha-androstan-3beta-17beta-diol disulfate and sphingomyelin mediated the risk of multiple diseases, and glutamine had beneficial effects on the risk of 4 diseases. INTERPRETATION Genetically predicted increased epiandrosterone sulfate, 5alpha-androstan-3beta-17beta-diol disulfate and glutamine might be associated with a decreased risk of AD, while sphingomyelin was associated with an increased risk. Side-effect profiles were characterized to help inform drug target prioritization, and glutamine might be a promising target for the prevention and treatment of AD with no predicted detrimental side effects. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Daoxia Guo
- School of Nursing, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yiming Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengyao Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Pinni Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fanghua Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guo-Chong Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhengbao Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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15
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Chen X, Zhang C, Tian L, Wu L, Jie Y, Wang N, Liu R, Wang L. In situ metabolic profile and spatial distribution of ocular tissues: New insights into dry eye disease. Ocul Surf 2022; 24:51-63. [PMID: 34990847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dry eye disease (DED) is a chronic multifactorial disorder affecting millions of people, yet the pathogenesis mechanisms still remain unclear. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) is a novel in situ visualization approach combined high-throughput mass spectrometry and molecular imaging. We aimed to explore the in situ ocular metabolic changes via MALDI-MSI to accelerate the recognition of DED pathogenesis. METHODS Experimental dry eye was established in Wistar rats by subcutaneous injection of scopolamine. The induction of DED was assessed by tear film breakup time, sodium fluorescein, histopathological staining and cell apoptosis. MALDI-MSI was applied to explore in situ ocular metabolomic in DED rats, and histopathological staining from same sections were used for side-by-side comparison with MALDI to annotate different tissue structures in the eye. RESULTS Considering the complexity of ocular tissue, we visualized the metabolites in specific ocular regions (central cornea, peripheral cornea, fornix conjunctiva, eyelid conjunctiva and aqueous humor), and identified metabolites related to DED, with information of relative abundance and spatial signatures. In addition, integrative pathway analysis illustrated that, several metabolic pathways such as glycerophospholipid, sphingolipid phenylalanine, and metabolism of glycine, serine and threonine were significantly altered in certain regions in the dry eye tissue. Moreover, we discussed how the metabolic pathways with spatiotemporal signatures might be involved in the DED process. CONCLUSIONS Our data exploit the advantages of in situ analysis of MALDI-MSI to accurately analyze the region-specific metabolic behaviors in DED, and provide new clues to uncover DED pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoniao Chen
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Senior Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Chuyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Jie
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Senior Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Dry eye examination - benefits of Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire with clinical testing. SRP ARK CELOK LEK 2022. [DOI: 10.2298/sarh211204045k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction/Objective Dry eye is a multifactorial disease with up to 50% in
population. It is characterized by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film
and accompanied by ocular symptoms. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI)
questionnaire is designed to provide a rapid assessment of the symptoms. The
aim of this study was to evaluate diagnostic capacity of OSDI. Methods A
prospective, randomized and observational study was conducted at the Clinic
for Eye Disease, Clinical Center of Serbia, between December 2018 and
February 2019. The OSDI questionnaire was used to rate the severity of dry
eye disease. Schirmer I test, tear break-up time test (TBUT), Rose Bengal
test and lid-parallel conjunctival folds (LIPCOF) test were performed as a
clinical proof of the symptoms. Results A total of 27 patients, 15 male
(55.4%) and 12 female (44.6%), with mean age of 60 ? 15 years were included
in the study. The average value of OSDI score was 26.37 ? 23.98 (0-80).
Schirmer I test and Rose Bengal test for right and left eye, as well as BUT
test for left eye were positively correlated with OSDI score (Spearman
correlation coefficient). Conclusion OSDI questionnaire is fast, reliable,
and cheap test. In our study we have found correlation between OSDI score
and other clinical tests, except with LIPCOF test. At this moment, the
questionnaire that could be the gold standard for dry eye disease diagnosis
doesn?t exist, therefore further studies concerning this topic are needed.
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17
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García-Marqués JV, Talens-Estarelles C, García-Lázaro S, Wolffsohn JS, Cerviño A. Systemic, environmental and lifestyle risk factors for dry eye disease in a mediterranean caucasian population. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2021; 45:101539. [PMID: 34789408 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.101539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess systemic, environmental and lifestyle risk factors for dry eye disease (DED) in a Mediterranean Caucasian population. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed on 120 Caucasian participants aged between 18 and 89 years (47.0 ± 22.8 years). Medical history, information regarding environmental conditions and lifestyle, Ocular Surface Disease Index, Dry Eye Questionnaire-5, non-Invasive (Oculus Keratograph 5 M) breakup time, tear film osmolarity and ocular surface staining parameters were assessed in a single clinical session to allow DED diagnosis based on the guidelines of the Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society Dry Eye Workshop II Diagnostic Methodology Report. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed including those variables with a p-value less than 0.15 in the univariate analysis. RESULTS A prevalence of 57.7 % for DED was found. No age differences were found between those with and without DED (U = 1886.5, p = 0.243). Nevertheless, the DED group had more females (X2 = 7.033, p = 0.008). The univariate logistic regression identified as potential risk factors for DED the following: female sex, sleep hours per day, menopause, anxiety, systemic rheumatologic disease, use of anxiolytics, daily medication, ocular surgery, poor diet quality, more ultra-processed food in diet, not drinking caffeine and hours of exposure to air conditioning per day. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that hours of sleep per day, menopause and use of anxiolytics were independently associated with DED (p ≤ 0.026 for all). CONCLUSIONS DED is associated with systemic, environmental and lifestyle risk factors. These findings are useful to identify potentially modifiable risk factors, in addition to conventional treatments for DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Vicente García-Marqués
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Valencia, Spain; Optometry and Vision Science Research Group, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Cristian Talens-Estarelles
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Valencia, Spain; Optometry and Vision Science Research Group, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Santiago García-Lázaro
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Valencia, Spain; Optometry and Vision Science Research Group, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - James S Wolffsohn
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Valencia, Spain; Optometry and Vision Science Research Group, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alejandro Cerviño
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Valencia, Spain; Optometry and Vision Science Research Group, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
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18
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Magno MS, Daniel T, Morthen MK, Snieder H, Jansonius N, Utheim TP, Hammond CJ, Vehof J. The relationship between alcohol consumption and dry eye. Ocul Surf 2021; 21:87-95. [PMID: 34029755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the association between dry eye disease (DED) and alcohol consumption using a large population-based cohort. METHODS 77,145 participants (19-94 years, 59% female) from the Dutch Lifelines cohort were cross-sectionally assessed for DED using the Women's Health Study (WHS) dry eye questionnaire. Alcohol intake was assessed using self-reported food frequency questionnaires. The relationship between DED and alcohol use was analyzed using logistic regression, corrected for age, sex, BMI, smoking status, education, income, and 55 potentially confounding comorbidities. RESULTS Overall, 30.0% of participants had symptomatic dry eye. Alcohol use significantly increased the risk of symptomatic dry eye in females (odds ratio [OR] 1.095, 95%CI 1.045-1.148), but not in males (OR 0.988, 95%CI 0.900-1.084). Contrarily, in male drinkers, increasing alcohol intake (in 10 g/day) had a protective effect on symptomatic dry eye (OR 0.962, 95%CI 0.934-0.992), which was not seen in females (OR 0.986, 95%CI 0.950-1.023). Alcohol use and intake had a sex-specific effect on all outcomes of DED assessed: symptomatic dry eye, highly symptomatic dry eye, clinical diagnosis, and WHS definition dry eye. CONCLUSIONS This large population-based study found alcohol use to have a clear sex-specific effect on DED, presenting as a risk-factor only in females. This adds to the evidence of sex-specific pathophysiological mechanisms of dry eye and illustrates the importance of sex stratification in studies investigating DED. The mild protective effect of increased alcohol intake in male drinkers is advised to be interpreted with caution, as alcohol's other health effects might be of greater clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Schjerven Magno
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Postbus 30.001, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tishelle Daniel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mathias Kaurstad Morthen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Postbus 30.001, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Postbus 30.001, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nomdo Jansonius
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Postbus 30.001, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tor P Utheim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christopher J Hammond
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, Waterloo, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, Waterloo, SE1 7EH, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jelle Vehof
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, Waterloo, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom; Dutch Dry Eye Clinic, Emmastraat 21, 6881SN, Velp, the Netherlands; Departments of Ophthalmology and Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Postbus 30.001, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Downie LE, Bandlitz S, Bergmanson JPG, Craig JP, Dutta D, Maldonado-Codina C, Ngo W, Siddireddy JS, Wolffsohn JS. CLEAR - Anatomy and physiology of the anterior eye. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2021; 44:132-156. [PMID: 33775375 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A key element of contact lens practice involves clinical evaluation of anterior eye health, including the cornea and limbus, conjunctiva and sclera, eyelids and eyelashes, lacrimal system and tear film. This report reviews the fundamental anatomy and physiology of these structures, including the vascular supply, venous drainage, lymphatic drainage, sensory innervation, physiology and function. This is the foundation for considering the potential interactions with, and effects of, contact lens wear on the anterior eye. This information is not consistently published as academic research and this report provides a synthesis from all available sources. With respect to terminology, the report aims to promote the consistent use of nomenclature in the field, and generally adopts anatomical terms recommended by the Federative Committee for Anatomical Terminology. Techniques for the examination of the ocular surface are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Downie
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Stefan Bandlitz
- Höhere Fachschule für Augenoptik Köln, Cologne School of Optometry, Germany; School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jan P G Bergmanson
- Texas Eye Research and Technology Center, University of Houston College of Optometry, United States
| | - Jennifer P Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Debarun Dutta
- School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Carole Maldonado-Codina
- Eurolens Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - William Ngo
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education, School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada; Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 14W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | | | - James S Wolffsohn
- School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
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Lightning TA, Gesteira TF, Mueller JW. Steroid disulfates - Sulfation double trouble. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 524:111161. [PMID: 33453296 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sulfation pathways have recently come into the focus of biomedical research. For steroid hormones and related compounds, sulfation represents an additional layer of regulation as sulfated steroids are more water-soluble and tend to be biologically less active. For steroid diols, an additional sulfation is possible, carried out by the same sulfotransferases that catalyze the first sulfation step. The steroid disulfates that are formed are the focus of this review. We discuss both their biochemical production as well as their putative biological function. Steroid disulfates have also been linked to various clinical conditions in numerous untargeted metabolomics studies. New analytical techniques exploring the biosynthetic routes of steroid disulfates have led to novel insights, changing our understanding of sulfation in human biology. They promise a bright future for research into sulfation pathways, hopefully too for the diagnosis and treatment of several associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Alec Lightning
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tarsis F Gesteira
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Optimvia, LLC, Batavia, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan Wolf Mueller
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK.
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21
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Surmacz HU, Cotlinski AL, Gehlen ML, Nisihara R, Skare TL. Dry eye and percentage of body fat: a cross-sectional prospective study. Int Ophthalmol 2021; 41:1855-1861. [PMID: 33629234 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-021-01747-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dry eyes are common in the general population. Some studies associate high prevalence of dry eyes with lipid metabolic changes and body fat composition. AIM To study the association of dry eye with percentage of body fat. METHODS One hundred and thirty five individuals (44 males and 91 females; median age of 42 years) were studied in a cross-sectional prospective study. Schirmer test and TBUT (tear breakup time) test were used to access dry eye. Body composition (percentage of lean and fat mass) were calculated using anthropometric measurements that included height, weight, abdominal, waist and neck circumference. RESULTS About 44.4% of the sample had abnormal Schirmer test, and 70.3% had abnormal TBUT. Schirmer tests values were associated with age (p = 0.0006) female gender (p = 0.04) and percentage of body fat (p = 0.02). Abnormal TBUT test associated only with age (p = 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS Percentage of body fat is associated with abnormal Schirmer but not TBUT test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallyrien Urbik Surmacz
- Mackenzie Evangelical School of Medicine Paraná, Rua Padre Anchieta, 2770, Curitiba, Paraná, 80730-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Cotlinski
- Mackenzie Evangelical School of Medicine Paraná, Rua Padre Anchieta, 2770, Curitiba, Paraná, 80730-000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo L Gehlen
- Mackenzie Evangelical School of Medicine Paraná, Rua Padre Anchieta, 2770, Curitiba, Paraná, 80730-000, Brazil
| | - Renato Nisihara
- Mackenzie Evangelical School of Medicine Paraná, Rua Padre Anchieta, 2770, Curitiba, Paraná, 80730-000, Brazil.
| | - Thelma L Skare
- Mackenzie Evangelical School of Medicine Paraná, Rua Padre Anchieta, 2770, Curitiba, Paraná, 80730-000, Brazil
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22
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Vehof J, Snieder H, Jansonius N, Hammond CJ. Prevalence and risk factors of dry eye in 79,866 participants of the population-based Lifelines cohort study in the Netherlands. Ocul Surf 2021; 19:83-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jian S, Li-Hao C, Qian-Hong L, Jun P, Yu T, Xiao-Lei Y, Zu-Guo L. Inflammatory Mechanism of Total Flavonoids of Chrysanthemum and Medicated Serum on Castrated Dry Eye Animal and Cell Models. DIGITAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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24
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Sex and age differences in symptoms and signs of dry eye disease in a Norwegian cohort of patients. Ocul Surf 2020; 19:68-73. [PMID: 33246035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate sex and age differences in symptoms and signs in a Norwegian clinic-based cohort of patients with dry eye disease (DED). METHODS Visitors at the Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic were examined using Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire score, tear osmolarity, tear break-up time (TFBUT), ocular surface staining, corneal sensitivity, Schirmer I test, and meibum expressibility (ME) and quality (MQ). A diagnosis of DED was made by an ophthalmologist based on symptoms and signs, and only DED patients were enrolled in the study: 1823 patients (338 males; mean age 51.2 ± 16.2 years; 1485 females; mean age 52.5 ± 16.0 years). The patients were divided into age subgroups: 20-39 years, 40-59 years and ≥60 years. Sex differences in the aforementioned tests were analyzed. Values were reported as mean ± standard deviation (SD), and intergroup comparisons were performed using Mann-Whitney U test. Multiple regression was used to analyze sex and age influences on symptoms and signs. RESULTS When patients of all ages were analyzed, females had increased osmolarity, shorter TFBUT, reduced MQ and ME and higher corneal sensitivity. OSDI, Schirmer I test, ocular surface staining and corneal staining were not significantly different between the sexes. Only with TFBUT and ME were the sex difference present in all age subgroups. Multiple regression showed that all parameters were influenced by either sex or age, but only TFBUT and ME were influenced by both sex and age. (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Sex and age differences in dry eye were most consistent in TFBUT and ME, that indicate differences in meibomian gland functionality. Sex and age subgroup stratification is important in future studies investigating DED in other populations.
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Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a chronic, multifactorial ocular surface disorder with multiple etiologies that results in tear film instability. Globally, the prevalence of DED is expected to increase with an aging society and daily use of digital devices. Unfortunately, the medical field is currently unprepared to meet the medical needs of patients with DED. Noninvasive, reliable, and readily reproducible biomarkers have not yet been identified, and the current mainstay treatment for DED relies on symptom alleviation using eye drops with no effective preventative therapies available. Medical big data analyses, mining information from multiomics studies and mobile health applications, may offer a solution for managing chronic conditions such as DED. Omics-based data on individual physiologic status may be leveraged to prevent high-risk diseases, accurately diagnose illness, and improve patient prognosis. Mobile health applications enable the portable collection of real-world medical data and biosignals through personal devices. Together, these data lay a robust foundation for personalized treatments for various ocular surface diseases and other pathologies that currently lack the components of precision medicine. To fully implement personalized and precision medicine, traditional aggregate medical data should not be applied directly to individuals without adjustments for personal etiology, phenotype, presentation, and symptoms.
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Lipidomic analysis of epithelial corneal cells following hyperosmolarity and benzalkonium chloride exposure: New insights in dry eye disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158728. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Nazifova-Tasinova N, Radeva M, Galunska B, Grupcheva C. Metabolomic analysis in ophthalmology. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2020; 164:236-246. [PMID: 32690974 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2020.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern science takes into account phenotype complexity and establishes approaches to track changes on every possible level. Many "omics" studies have been developed over the last decade. Metabolomic analysis enables dynamic measurement of the metabolic response of a living system to a variety of stimuli or genetic modifications. Important targets of metabolomics is biomarker development and translation to the clinic for personalized diagnosis and a greater understanding of disease pathogenesis. The current review highlights the major aspects of metabolomic analysis and its applications for the identification of relevant predictive, diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for some ocular diseases including dry eye, keratoconus, retinal diseases, macular degeneration, and glaucoma. To date, possible biomarker candidates for dry eye disease are lipid metabolites and androgens, for keratoconus cytokeratins, urea, citrate cycle, and oxidative stress metabolites. Palmitoylcarnitine, sphingolipids, vitamin D related metabolites, and steroid precursors may be used for distinguishing glaucoma patients from healthy controls. Dysregulation of amino acid and carnitine metabolism is critical in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Further work is needed to discover and validate metabolic biomarkers as a powerful tool for understanding the molecular mechanisms of ocular diseases, to provide knowledge on their etiology and pathophysiology and opportunities for personalized clinical intervention at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neshe Nazifova-Tasinova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 84 Tzar Osvoboditel street, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Mladena Radeva
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Varna, 15 Doyran street, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Bistra Galunska
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 84 Tzar Osvoboditel street, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Christina Grupcheva
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Varna, 15 Doyran street, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
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Luo Y, Cui HP, Liu Y, Chen L. Metabolomics and biomarkers in ocular matrix: beyond ocular diseases. Int J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:991-1003. [PMID: 32566514 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.06.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the recent report, there are 870 million people suffer from ocular diseases worldwide. The present approaches for diagnosis are morphological examination, imaging examination and immunological examination, regrettably, they lack of sensitivity and difficult to make a definite diagnosis in the early stage. Systemic biology as an effective method has been used in clinical diagnosis and treatment for diseases, especially metabolomics which is more attractive with high sensitivity and accuracy. Although previous researches had been confirmed that endogenous metabolites in the ocular matrix play a crucial role in the progress of diseases related diseases, the standard protocols and systematic summary about the biomarker researches based on ocular matrix has not been established. This review article highlights the pretreatment for ocular matrix and the new biomarkers expressed by the eye diseases, expected to promote the application of biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Luo
- School of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong-Pei Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
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Morthen MK, Tellefsen S, Richards SM, Lieberman SM, Rahimi Darabad R, Kam WR, Sullivan DA. Testosterone Influence on Gene Expression in Lacrimal Glands of Mouse Models of Sjögren Syndrome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:2181-2197. [PMID: 31108549 PMCID: PMC6528840 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-26815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sjögren syndrome is an autoimmune disorder that occurs almost exclusively in women and is associated with extensive inflammation in lacrimal tissue, an immune-mediated destruction and/or dysfunction of glandular epithelial cells, and a significant decrease in aqueous tear secretion. We discovered that androgens suppress the inflammation in, and enhance the function of, lacrimal glands in female mouse models (e.g., MRL/MpJ-Tnfrsf6lpr [MRL/lpr]) of Sjögren syndrome. In contrast, others have reported that androgens induce an anomalous immunopathology in lacrimal glands of nonobese diabetic/LtJ (NOD) mice. We tested our hypothesis that these hormone actions reflect unique, strain- and tissue-specific effects, which involve significant changes in the expression of immune-related glandular genes. Methods Lacrimal glands were obtained from age-matched, adult, female MRL/lpr and NOD mice after treatment with vehicle or testosterone for up to 3 weeks. Tissues were processed for analysis of differentially expressed mRNAs using CodeLink Bioarrays and Affymetrix GeneChips. Data were analyzed with bioinformatics and statistical software. Results Testosterone significantly influenced the expression of numerous immune-related genes, ontologies, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways in lacrimal glands of MRL/lpr and NOD mice. The nature of this hormone-induced immune response was dependent upon the autoimmune strain, and was not duplicated within lacrimal tissues of nonautoimmune BALB/c mice. The majority of immune-response genes regulated by testosterone were of the inflammatory type. Conclusions Our findings support our hypothesis and indicate a major role for the lacrimal gland microenvironment in mediating androgen effects on immune gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Kaurstad Morthen
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sara Tellefsen
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephen M Richards
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Genetics & Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Scott M Lieberman
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Raheleh Rahimi Darabad
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Clinical Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Wendy R Kam
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - David A Sullivan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Yazdani M, Elgstøen KBP, Rootwelt H, Shahdadfar A, Utheim ØA, Utheim TP. Tear Metabolomics in Dry Eye Disease: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3755. [PMID: 31374809 PMCID: PMC6695908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial syndrome that can be caused by alteration in the quality or quantity of the precorneal tear film. It is considered one of the most common ocular conditions leading patients to seek eye care. The current method for diagnostic evaluations and follow-up examinations of DED is a combination of clinical signs and symptoms determined by clinical tests and questionnaires, respectively. The application of powerful omics technologies has opened new avenues toward analysis of subjects in health and disease. Metabolomics is a new emerging and complementary research discipline to all modern omics in the comprehensive analysis of biological systems. The identification of distinct metabolites and integrated metabolic profiles in patients can potentially inform clinicians at an early stage or during monitoring of disease progression, enhancing diagnosis, prognosis, and the choice of therapy. In ophthalmology, metabolomics has gained considerable attention over the past decade but very limited such studies have been reported on DED. This paper aims to review the application of tear metabolomics in DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazyar Yazdani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- The Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic, 0366 Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Helge Rootwelt
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0027 Oslo, Norway
| | - Aboulghassem Shahdadfar
- Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic, 0366 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, 3019 Drammen, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Arendal, 4604 Arendal, Norway
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway
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Chen X, Rao J, Zheng Z, Yu Y, Lou S, Liu L, He Q, Wu L, Sun X. Integrated Tear Proteome and Metabolome Reveal Panels of Inflammatory-Related Molecules via Key Regulatory Pathways in Dry Eye Syndrome. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:2321-2330. [PMID: 30966751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a growing public health concern with a high global prevalence; however, the fundamental processes involved in its pathogenic mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the present study, we applied nanoscale liquid chromatography and quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS) and ultraperformance LC/Q-TOF-MS/MS technologies on tear samples obtained from 18 dry eye patients and 19 healthy controls for integrated proteomic and metabolomic analyses. Overall, 1031 tear proteins were detected, while 190 proteins were determined to be significantly expressed in dry eye patients. Further functional analysis suggested that various biological processes were highly expressed and involved in the pathogenesis of DES, especially immune and inflammatory processes. In total, 156 named metabolites were identified, among which 34 were found to be significantly changed in dry eye patients. The results highlighted the key elements, especially inflammatory-related proteins and metabolites that played important roles in the development of DES. Further, the regulatory roles of primary pathways, including complement and coagulation cascades, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and amino acid metabolism, were also identified as processes involved in DES. Collectively, our work not only provided insight into the potential biomarkers of DES for diagnostic and prognostic purposes but extended our knowledge of the physiopathology of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jun Rao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Oncology , Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Jiangxi Cancer Center , Nanchang , 330029 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Oncology , Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Jiangxi Cancer Center , Nanchang , 330029 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Oncology , Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Jiangxi Cancer Center , Nanchang , 330029 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shang Lou
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Oncology , Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Jiangxi Cancer Center , Nanchang , 330029 , People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Oncology , Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Jiangxi Cancer Center , Nanchang , 330029 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qinsi He
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Oncology , Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Jiangxi Cancer Center , Nanchang , 330029 , People's Republic of China
| | - Luhua Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology , The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Xinghuai Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
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Association Between Sleep Quality, Mood Status, and Ocular Surface Characteristics in Patients With Dry Eye Disease. Cornea 2019; 38:311-317. [PMID: 30614900 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000001854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate sleep and mood status in patients with dry eye disease (DED) and analyze the association between sleep quality, mood status, and ocular surface characteristics. METHODS Consecutive patients with DED (N = 106) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (N = 50) were enrolled. Tear fluid break up time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining, and Schirmer I tests were performed in the order listed here to evaluate dry eye. A visual analog scale was used to assess dry eye symptom severity. All subjects also completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI, scores ≥5.5 indicated poor sleep), Patient Health Questionnaire (scores ≥5 indicated depression), and General Anxiety Disorder Scale (scores ≥5 indicated anxiety). RESULTS Mean Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index global score was significantly higher in patients with DED than that in controls (7.8 ± 3.9 vs. 5.4 ± 3.0, respectively; P < 0.001). Patients with DED demonstrated higher respective depression and anxiety scores compared with controls (P < 0.001 and 0.013, respectively). In the DED group, patients with poor sleep quality had more severe DED indicated by shorter TBUT and lower Schirmer I findings. A significant correlation was found between sleep quality and mood status in patients with DED. Regression analysis revealed that shorter TBUT and lower Schirmer I test results were associated with poorer sleep quality (adjusted p = 0.011 and 0.037, respectively). More severe symptoms of dry eye were significantly associated with a higher level of anxiety in patients with DED (adjusted p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS Sleep quality may play an important role in the development of DED by influencing tear secretion and tear film stability and/or by indirectly aggravating anxiety and depression, leading to higher self-reported symptom scores. It is also possible that DED contributes to reduced sleep quality, as well as the development of anxiety and depression.
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Sharif R, Bak-Nielsen S, Sejersen H, Ding K, Hjortdal J, Karamichos D. Prolactin-Induced Protein is a novel biomarker for Keratoconus. Exp Eye Res 2019; 179:55-63. [PMID: 30393162 PMCID: PMC6360109 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to investigate the role of Prolactin-Induced Protein (PIP) as a predictive biomarker for Keratoconus (KC). PARTICIPANTS This study included one hundred and forty-seven patients with KC (105 male, 42 female), and sixty healthy controls (27 male, 33 female). METHODS Tears, plasma and saliva samples were collected from all participants. In both KC and healthy groups all collected samples were divided into four age subgroups (15-24y), (25-34y), (35-44y) and (45y and up). Samples were analyzed using western blot (WB) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) were used to evaluate diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing between KC and healthy eyes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Difference in PIP protein levels between patients with KC and healthy controls. RESULTS Results showed significant downregulation of PIP expression in all three biological fluids on KC patients when compared to healthy controls, independent of age, sex and severity. Since PIP is a hormonal-regulated protein, we also investigated the expression of major sex hormones. We detected significant upregulation in salivary and plasma Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) levels and significant downregulation of estrone and estriol levels, in KC patients compared to healthy controls, independent of sex, age, and KC severity stage. ROC was used to determine the overall predictive accuracy of this protein in KC. Data showed an area under the curve (AUC) for PIP in tears of 0.937 (95%CI: 0.902-0.971), in plasma of 0.928 (95%CI: 0.890-0.968) and in saliva of 0.929 (95%CI: 0.890-0.968). CONCLUSIONS Conclusively, our results show that PIP levels are reduced in all three human biological fluids tested, and may independently or in combination with current imaging techniques aid in screening and diagnosis of KC. Our data revealed that PIP levels can potentially differentiate between disease and healthy cases, and PIP levels are stable in relation to KC severity, sex and age. Moreover, alterations in sex hormone levels in correlation with reduced PIP levels in KC provide an intriguing insight in the underlying KC pathophysiology and highlights the role of PIP as a KC biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab Sharif
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - Sashia Bak-Nielsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Noerrebrogade 44, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Sejersen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Noerrebrogade 44, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Kai Ding
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Jesper Hjortdal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Noerrebrogade 44, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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A Randomized Controlled Double-Masked Study of Transdermal Androgen in Dry Eye Patients Associated With Androgen Deficiency. Am J Ophthalmol 2019; 197:136-144. [PMID: 30268865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and quality of life (QOL) of transdermal androgen in treatment of dry eye patients associated with androgen deficiency. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. METHODS Fifty patients with dry eye from a tertiary eye center in northern Thailand were randomized to receive transdermal androgen (AndroGel; Besins Healthcare, Brussels, Belgium) or placebo for 4 weeks. Main outcome measures were symptoms and signs of dry eye. Serum level of sex hormone and QOL questionnaires were also evaluated at the baseline and after treatment. RESULTS After 4 weeks, the Ocular Surface Disease Index decreased significantly in the AndroGel group compared to the placebo (-14.36 ± 7.76 vs 0.14 ± 14.60, P < .001). Significant improvements of tear break-up time (7.40 ± 3.37 vs -1.14 ± 1.68 seconds, P < .001), corneal fluorescein staining (-0.62 ± 0.30 vs 0.19 ± 0.37, P < .001), and Schirmer test (6.84 ± 5.10 vs -0.48 ± 2.14 mm, P < .001) were observed in the AndroGel group compared to the placebo. Serum testosterone in female patients significantly increased in the AndroGel group compared to the placebo (P < .001), while no different change was observed in serum testosterone in male subjects and the sex hormone-binding globulin in both groups. In the AndroGel group, 20% of patients had oily skin and 4% had acne. No serious adverse effects were reported. The menopause rating score improved significantly in the AndroGel group compared to the placebo (P < .001), while the aging male symptoms were not different in both groups (P = .589). CONCLUSIONS Transdermal androgen was effective in relieving symptoms and signs of dry eye as well as improving QOL in aging patients. There were no serious side effects during a short-term treatment.
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35
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Sullivan DA, Dana R, Sullivan RM, Krenzer KL, Sahin A, Arica B, Liu Y, Kam WR, Papas AS, Cermak JM. Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Primary and Secondary Sjögren Syndrome. Ophthalmic Res 2018; 59:193-205. [PMID: 29627826 DOI: 10.1159/000487487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We hypothesized that women with primary (pSS) and secondary Sjögren syndrome (sSS; with systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE] or rheumatoid arthritis [RA]) have meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). We sought to test our hypothesis. METHODS Subjects with pSS, sSS + SLE, sSS + RA, and non-SS-related MGD were recruited from the Sjögren's Syndrome Foundation or outpatient clinics at Tufts University School of Dental Medicine or Brigham and Women's Hospital. The control population was recruited from the Greater Boston area. After providing written informed consent, the subjects underwent an eye examination and/or completed two questionnaires that assess symptoms of dry eye disease (DED). RESULTS Our results demonstrate that pSS and sSS patients have MGD. These subjects had meibomian gland orifice metaplasia, an increased number of occluded meibomian gland orifices, and a reduced quality of meibomian gland secretions. Further, patients with pSS, sSS + SLE, sSS + RA, and MGD had significant alterations in their tear film, lid margin, cornea, and conjunctiva. Symptoms of DED were increased ∼10-fold in all pSS, sSS, and MGD groups relative to controls. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support our hypothesis and show that individuals with pSS, sSS + SLE, and sSS + RA have MGD. In addition, our study indicates that patients with pSS and sSS have both aqueous-deficient and evaporative DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Sullivan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Reza Dana
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Kathleen L Krenzer
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Afsun Sahin
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Koç University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Beril Arica
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wendy R Kam
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Athena S Papas
- Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer M Cermak
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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36
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Recent advances in the applications of metabolomics in eye research. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1037:28-40. [PMID: 30292303 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics, the identification and quantitation of metabolites in a system, have been applied to identify new biomarkers or elucidate disease mechanism. In this review, we discussed the application of metabolomics in several ocular diseases and recent developments in metabolomics regarding tear fluids analysis, data acquisition and processing.
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Evidence that dry eye is a comorbid pain condition in a U.S. veteran population. Pain Rep 2017; 2:e629. [PMID: 29392243 PMCID: PMC5741329 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A retrospective review of 3,265,894 veterans seen over a 5-year period demonstrates dry eye is associated with numerous chronic pain conditions implying shared mechanisms. Introduction: Recent evidence suggests that dry eye (DE) may be comorbid with other chronic pain conditions. Objectives: To evaluate DE as a comorbid condition in the U.S. veteran population. Methods: Retrospective review of veterans seen in the Veterans Administration Healthcare System (Veteran Affairs) between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2014. Dry eye and nonocular pain disorders were ascertained by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes. Dry eye was further separated into ICD-9 codes representing tear film dysfunction or ocular pain. χ2 and logistic regression analyses were used to examine frequency and risk of DE, ocular pain, and tear film dysfunction by pain disorders. Results: Of 3,265,894 veterans, 959,881 had a DE diagnosis (29.4%). Dry eye frequency increased with the number of pain conditions reported (P < 0.0005). Ocular pain was most strongly associated with headache (odds ratio [OR] 2.98; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.95–3.01), tension headache (OR 2.64; 95% CI 2.58–2.71), migraine (OR 2.58; 95% CI 2.54–2.61), temporomandibular joint dysfunction (OR 2.39; 95% CI 2.34–2.44), pelvic pain (OR 2.30; 95% CI 2.24–2.37), central pain syndrome (OR 2.24; 95% CI 1.94–2.60), and fibromyalgia/muscle pain (OR 2.23; 95% CI 2.20–2.26), all P < 0.0005. Tear film dysfunction was most closely associated with osteoarthritis (OR 1.97; 95% CI 1.96–1.98) and postherpetic neuralgia (OR 1.95; 95% CI 1.90–2.00), both P < 0.0005. Conclusions: Dry eye, including both ocular pain and tear film dysfunction, is comorbid with pain conditions in this nationwide population, implying common mechanisms.
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Jiang N, Ye LH, Ye L, Yu J, Yang QC, Yuan Q, Zhu PW, Shao Y. Effect of mistletoe combined with carboxymethyl cellulose on dry eye in postmenopausal women. Int J Ophthalmol 2017; 10:1669-1677. [PMID: 29181309 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.11.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the protective effect of mistletoe combined with carboxymethyl cellulose eye drops on dry eye in postmenopausal women. METHODS Sixty postmenopause female patients diagnosed of dry eye were assigned randomly to mistletoe combined with carboxymethyl cellulose eye drops treatment group (n=30) and control group treated with normal saline eye drops (n=30). The subjective symptoms of ocular surface, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), tear film function tests, tear protein and corneal morphology by confocal scanning microscopy were analyzed before treatment and at 1, 2, 4 and 8wk after treatment respectively. To ensure the safety of the trial, all patients were examined with systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, urine creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen at 8wk after treatment. RESULTS There were no obvious differences between two groups before the treatment (P>0.05). In two months after the treatment, the symptoms of ocular surface, OSDI, tear protein, and tear film function were only slightly changed in normal saline eye drops group. However, all indices were improved after the treatment of mistletoe combined with carboxymethyl cellulose eye drops group (P<0.05). In addition, the average amount of corneal epithelium basal cells and inflammatory cells of mistletoe treated group were 3174±379 and 38±25 cells/mm2, significantly decreased as compared to the control group with 4309±612 and 158± 61 cells/mm2, respectively. In the control group, although nerves still maintained straight under corneal epithelium, the number of nerves were significantly decreased, as compared with normal female. In the mistletoe treated group, the number of nerves was only slightly reduced, compared with normal female. CONCLUSION Mistletoe combined with carboxymethyl cellulose eye drops can alleviate the symptoms and signs of dry eye symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Lin-Hong Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.,Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hangzhou TCM Hospital, Hangzhou 310007, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qi-Chen Yang
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Pei-Wen Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yi Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
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Abstract
The subcommittee reviewed the prevalence, incidence, risk factors, natural history, morbidity and questionnaires reported in epidemiological studies of dry eye disease (DED). A meta-analysis of published prevalence data estimated the impact of age and sex. Global mapping of prevalence was undertaken. The prevalence of DED ranged from 5 to 50%. The prevalence of signs was higher and more variable than symptoms. There were limited prevalence studies in youth and in populations south of the equator. The meta-analysis confirmed that prevalence increases with age, however signs showed a greater increase per decade than symptoms. Women have a higher prevalence of DED than men, although differences become significant only with age. Risk factors were categorized as modifiable/non-modifiable, and as consistent, probable or inconclusive. Asian ethnicity was a mostly consistent risk factor. The economic burden and impact of DED on vision, quality of life, work productivity, psychological and physical impact of pain, are considerable, particularly costs due to reduced work productivity. Questionnaires used to evaluate DED vary in their utility. Future research should establish the prevalence of disease of varying severity, the incidence in different populations and potential risk factors such as youth and digital device usage. Geospatial mapping might elucidate the impact of climate, environment and socioeconomic factors. Given the limited study of the natural history of treated and untreated DED, this remains an important area for future research.
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Pieragostino D, Agnifili L, Cicalini I, Calienno R, Zucchelli M, Mastropasqua L, Sacchetta P, Del Boccio P, Rossi C. Tear Film Steroid Profiling in Dry Eye Disease by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071349. [PMID: 28672794 PMCID: PMC5535842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disorder of the ocular surface unit resulting in eye discomfort, visual disturbance, and ocular surface damage; the risk of DED increases with age in both sexes, while its incidence is higher among females caused by an overall hormonal imbalance. The role of androgens has recently investigated and these hormones were considered to have a protective function on the ocular surface. In order to correlate DED to tear steroid levels, a robust, specific, and selective method for the simultaneous quantification of cortisol (CORT), corticosterone (CCONE), 11-deoxycortisol (11-DECOL), 4-androstene-3,17-dione (ADIONE), testosterone (TESTO), 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), and progesterone (PROG) was developed and applied for the analysis of tear samples. The method involves a simple extraction procedure of steroids from tears collected on Schirmer strips, followed by a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) analysis. In total, tear samples from 14 DED female patients and 13 healthy female controls were analysed and, CORT, ADIONE, and 17-OHP response levels resulted significantly decreased in dry eye patients respect to controls. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve obtained by the combination of these three steroids (AUC = 0.964) demonstrated the good diagnostic power of the differential tear steroids in identifying DED. In conclusion, the present method made it possible, for the first time, to study steroid profiling directly in tear fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiana Pieragostino
- Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Laboratory, Research Centre on Aging and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Luca Agnifili
- Opthalmic Clinic, Department of Medicine and Aging Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Cicalini
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Laboratory, Research Centre on Aging and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Roberta Calienno
- Opthalmic Clinic, Department of Medicine and Aging Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Mirco Zucchelli
- Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Laboratory, Research Centre on Aging and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Mastropasqua
- Opthalmic Clinic, Department of Medicine and Aging Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Paolo Sacchetta
- Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Laboratory, Research Centre on Aging and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Piero Del Boccio
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Laboratory, Research Centre on Aging and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Claudia Rossi
- Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Laboratory, Research Centre on Aging and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
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