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Butkiewicz D, Krześniak M, Gdowicz-Kłosok A, Składowski K, Rutkowski T. DNA Double-Strand Break Response and Repair Gene Polymorphisms May Influence Therapy Results and Prognosis in Head and Neck Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4972. [PMID: 37894339 PMCID: PMC10605140 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy and cisplatin-based chemotherapy belong to the main treatment modalities for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and induce cancer cell death by generating DNA damage, including the most severe double-strand breaks (DSBs). Alterations in DSB response and repair genes may affect individual DNA repair capacity and treatment sensitivity, contributing to the therapy resistance and poor prognosis often observed in HNSCC. In this study, we investigated the association of a panel of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 20 DSB signaling and repair genes with therapy results and prognosis in 505 HNSCC patients treated non-surgically with DNA damage-inducing therapies. In the multivariate analysis, there were a total of 14 variants associated with overall, locoregional recurrence-free or metastasis-free survival. Moreover, we identified 10 of these SNPs as independent predictors of therapy failure and unfavorable prognosis in the whole group or in two treatment subgroups. These were MRE11 rs2155209, XRCC5 rs828907, RAD51 rs1801321, rs12593359, LIG4 rs1805388, CHEK1 rs558351, TP53 rs1042522, ATM rs1801516, XRCC6 rs2267437 and NBN rs2735383. Only CHEK1 rs558351 remained statistically significant after correcting for multiple testing. These results suggest that specific germline variants related to DSB response and repair may be potential genetic modifiers of therapy effects and disease progression in HNSCC treated with radiotherapy and cisplatin-based chemoradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Butkiewicz
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Krześniak
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gdowicz-Kłosok
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Składowski
- I Radiation and Clinical Oncology Department, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Rutkowski
- I Radiation and Clinical Oncology Department, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland
- Radiotherapy Department, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland
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2
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DNA Damage Response Mechanisms in Head and Neck Cancer: Significant Implications for Therapy and Survival. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032760. [PMID: 36769087 PMCID: PMC9917521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a term collectively used to describe a heterogeneous group of tumors that arise in the oral cavity, larynx, nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx, and represents the sixth most common type of malignancy worldwide. Despite advances in multimodality treatment, the disease has a recurrence rate of around 50%, and the prognosis of metastatic patients remains poor. HNCs are characterized by a high degree of genomic instability, which involves a vicious circle of accumulating DNA damage, defective DNA damage repair (DDR), and replication stress. Nonetheless, the damage that is induced on tumor cells by chemo and radiotherapy relies on defective DDR processes for a successful response to treatment, and may play an important role in the development of novel and more effective therapies. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the genes and proteins that appear to be deregulated in DDR pathways, their implication in HNC pathogenesis, and the rationale behind targeting these genes and pathways for the development of new therapies. We give particular emphasis on the therapeutic targets that have shown promising results at the pre-clinical stage and on those that have so far been associated with a therapeutic advantage in the clinical setting.
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Abegg D, Tomanik M, Qiu N, Pechalrieu D, Shuster A, Commare B, Togni A, Herzon SB, Adibekian A. Chemoproteomic Profiling by Cysteine Fluoroalkylation Reveals Myrocin G as an Inhibitor of the Nonhomologous End Joining DNA Repair Pathway. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20332-20342. [PMID: 34817176 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemoproteomic profiling of cysteines has emerged as a powerful method for screening the proteome-wide targets of cysteine-reactive fragments, drugs, and natural products. Herein, we report the development and an in-depth evaluation of a tetrafluoroalkyl benziodoxole (TFBX) as a cysteine-selective chemoproteomic probe. We show that this probe features numerous key improvements compared to the traditionally used cysteine-reactive probes, including a superior target occupancy, faster labeling kinetics, and broader proteomic coverage, thus enabling profiling of cysteines directly in live cells. In addition, the fluorine "signature" of probe 7 constitutes an additional advantage resulting in a more confident adduct-amino acid site assignment in mass-spectrometry-based identification workflows. We demonstrate the utility of our new probe for proteome-wide target profiling by identifying the cellular targets of (-)-myrocin G, an antiproliferative fungal natural product with a to-date unknown mechanism of action. We show that this natural product and a simplified analogue target the X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 5 (XRCC5), an ATP-dependent DNA helicase that primes DNA repair machinery for nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) upon DNA double-strand breaks, making them the first reported inhibitors of this biomedically highly important protein. We further demonstrate that myrocins disrupt the interaction of XRCC5 with DNA leading to sensitization of cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent etoposide as well as UV-light-induced DNA damage. Altogether, our next-generation cysteine-reactive probe enables broader and deeper profiling of the cysteinome, rendering it a highly attractive tool for elucidation of targets of electrophilic small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Abegg
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Martin Tomanik
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Nan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Dany Pechalrieu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Anton Shuster
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Bruno Commare
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Togni
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Seth B Herzon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Alexander Adibekian
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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4
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Kuwahara Y, Tomita K, Roudkenar MH, Roushandeh AM, Urushihara Y, Igarashi K, Kurimasa A, Sato T. Decreased mitochondrial membrane potential is an indicator of radioresistant cancer cells. Life Sci 2021; 286:120051. [PMID: 34666039 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To overcome radioresistant cancer cells, clinically relevant radioresistant (CRR) cells were established. To maintain their radioresistance, CRR cells were exposed 2 Gy/day of X-rays daily (maintenance irradiation: MI). To understand whether the radioresistance induced by X-rays was reversible or irreversible, the difference between CRR cells and those without MI for a year (CRR-NoIR cells) was investigated by the mitochondrial function as an index. MAIN METHODS Radiation sensitivity was determined by modified high density survival assay. Mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) was determined by 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1', tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbo-cyanine iodide (JC-1) staining. Rapid Glucose-Galactose assay was performed to determine the shift in their energy metabolism from aerobic glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation in CRR cells. Involvement of prohibitin-1 (PHB1) in Δψm was evaluated by knockdown of PHB1 gene followed by real-time PCR. KEY FINDINGS CRR cells that exhibited resistant to 2 Gy/day X-ray lost their radioresistance after more than one year of culture without MI for a year. In addition, CRR cells lost their radioresistance when the mitochondria were activated by galactose. Furthermore, Δψm were increased and PHB1 expression was down-regulated, in the process of losing their radioresistance. SIGNIFICANCE Our finding reveled that tune regulation of mitochondrial function is implicated in radioresistance phenotype of cancer cells. Moreover, as our findings indicate, though further studies are required to clarify the precise mechanisms underlying cancer cell radioresistance, radioresistant cells induced by irradiation and cancer stem cells that are originally radioresistant should be considered separately, the radioresistance of CRR cells is reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Kuwahara
- Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1, Fukumuro, Miyagino, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tomita
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan; Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Amaneh Mohammadi Roushandeh
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan; Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Yusuke Urushihara
- Department of Radiation Biology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryomachi, Aoba, Snedai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kento Igarashi
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kurimasa
- Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1, Fukumuro, Miyagino, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sato
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan.
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Dhir H, Choudhury M, Patil K, Cheung C, Bodlak A, Pardo D, Adams A, Travaglino S, Rojas JA, Pai SB. Interception of Signaling Circuits of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Cells by Resveratrol Reveals Molecular and Immunomodulatory Signatures. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225811. [PMID: 34830970 PMCID: PMC8616317 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus has been on the rise lately. Increase in mortality due to a paucity of efficacious drugs for this cancer prompted us to discover molecular signatures to combat this malady. To this end, we chose resveratrol—a polyphenol and studied its impact on three esophageal adenocarcinoma cell lines (OE33, OE19 and FLO-1) by multilevel profiling. Here, we show the impact of resveratrol on the viability of the three cell systems studied, at the cellular, molecular level and by proteomic analysis. Impact on programmed cell death pathway resulting in an increase in apoptotic and caspase-positive cells were observed. Decrease in Bcl2. levels and impact on reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also observed. Moreover, proteomic profiling highlighted pivotal differentially regulated signaling molecules. Notably, the downregulation of Ku80 by resveratrol could be harnessed for chemo-radiation therapy to prevent DNA break repair after radiation therapy. Additionally, protein profiling has shed light on molecular and immune-modulatory signatures with implications for discovering novel treatments such as chemo-immunotherapy. Abstract Deregulation of signaling pathways due to mutations sets the cell on a path to neoplasia. Therefore, recent reports of increased mutations observed in esophageal tissue reflects the enhanced risk of tumor formation. In fact, adenocarcinoma of the esophagus has been on the rise lately. Increase in mortality due to a paucity of efficacious drugs for this cancer prompted us to discover molecular signatures to combat this malady. To this end, we chose resveratrol—a polyphenol with anticancer property—and studied its impact on three esophageal adenocarcinoma cell lines (OE33, OE19 and FLO-1) by multilevel profiling. Here, we show the impact of resveratrol on the viability of the three adenocarcinoma esophageal cell systems studied, at the cellular level. Furthermore, an analysis at the molecular level revealed that the action was through the programmed cell death pathway, resulting in an increase in apoptotic and caspase-positive cells. The impact on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a decrease in Bcl2 levels were also observed. Moreover, proteomic profiling highlighted pivotal differentially regulated signaling molecules. The phenotypic effect observed in resveratrol-treated esophageal cells could be due to the stoichiometry per se of the fold changes observed in entities of key signaling pathways. Notably, the downregulation of Ku80 and other pivotal entities by resveratrol could be harnessed for chemo-radiation therapy to prevent DNA break repair after radiation therapy. Additionally, multilevel profiling has shed light on molecular and immune-modulatory signatures with implications for discovering novel treatments, including chemo-immunotherapy, for esophageal adenocarcinomas which are known to be aggressive cancers.
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OncomiR miR-182-5p Enhances Radiosensitivity by Inhibiting the Radiation-Induced Antioxidant Effect through SESN2 in Head and Neck Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111808. [PMID: 34829679 PMCID: PMC8614815 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is routinely used for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the therapeutic efficacy is usually reduced by acquired radioresistance and locoregional recurrence. In this study, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) analysis showed that radiotherapy upregulated the miR-182/96/183 cluster and that miR-182 was the most significantly upregulated. Overexpression of miR-182-5p enhanced the radiosensitivity of HNSCC cells by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, suggesting that expression of the miR-182 family is beneficial for radiotherapy. By intersecting the gene targeting results from three microRNA target prediction databases, we noticed that sestrin2 (SESN2), a molecule resistant to oxidative stress, was involved in 91 genes predicted in all three databases to be directly recognized by miR-182-5p. Knockdown of SESN2 enhanced radiation-induced ROS and cytotoxicity in HNSCC cells. In addition, the radiation-induced expression of SESN2 was repressed by overexpression of miR-182-5p. Reciprocal expression of the miR-182-5p and SESN2 genes was also analyzed in the TCGA database, and a high expression of miR-182-5p combined with a low expression of SESN2 was associated with a better survival rate in patients receiving radiotherapy. Taken together, the current data suggest that miR-182-5p may regulate radiation-induced antioxidant effects and mediate the efficacy of radiotherapy.
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Asghari F, Ebrahimnejad Gorji K, Mozaffarpur SA, Shabestani Monfared A, Zabihi E, Abedian Z, Shirafkan H, Niksirat F, Borzoueisileh S. Mizaj as an Index in Persian Traditional Medicine Index Could Associate with Sensitivity to the Radiation. Galen Med J 2021; 9:e1705. [PMID: 34466572 PMCID: PMC8343907 DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v9i0.1705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The sensitivity to the radiation among human population depends on various parameters. This variation could lead to dissimilar outcome of radiotherapy in similar situations. Mizaj is a well-known term in Persian medicine that present an individualized medicine viewpoint. All of the people will be categorized in cold, moderate, and warm Mizaj. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the possible association between Mizaj and radiosensitivity by comet assay. Materials and Methods Peripheral blood sample of 30 healthy volunteers (10 cold, 11 moderate and nine warm Mizaj) were taken and divided into two identical parts. The first part was exposed to 4 Gy x-rays, and the second part was regarded as the sham control. Then, DNA damages of samples were evaluated by the neutral comet assay. Results The results showed that the mean percentage of damaged cells, in all of the irradiated groups including A (warm), B (moderate) and C (cold) was significantly higher than the controls (P<0.001). Moreover, DNA damage rate in the irradiated warm Mizaj group was higher than both cold and moderate irradiated groups, but the difference between moderate and cold irradiated groups was not statistically significant. Conclusion The results are indicating that warm Mizaj persons could be more radiosensitive than other groups, which their importance in radiotherapy individualization should be evaluated in more extensive studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Asghari
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Kourosh Ebrahimnejad Gorji
- Department of Medical Physics Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Correspondence to: Kourosh Ebrahimnejad Gorji, Department of Medical Physics Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Ganjafrooz St. Babol, Iran Telephone Number: +989121044524 Email Address:
| | - Seyyed Ali Mozaffarpur
- Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Shabestani Monfared
- Cancer Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Zabihi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Zeinab Abedian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hoda Shirafkan
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Niksirat
- Department of Medical Physics Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sajad Borzoueisileh
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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8
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Lee IN, Yang JT, Huang C, Huang HC, Wu YP, Chen JC. Elevated XRCC5 expression level can promote temozolomide resistance and predict poor prognosis in glioblastoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:443. [PMID: 33868481 PMCID: PMC8045174 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance and disease recurrence are important contributors for the poor prognosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Temozolomide (TMZ), the standard chemotherapy for GBM treatment, can methylate DNA and cause the formation of double-strand breaks (DSBs). X-ray repair cross complementing 5 (XRCC5), also known as Ku80 or Ku86, is required for the repair of DSBs. The present study identified novel determinants that sensitize cells to TMZ, using an array-based short hairpin (sh)RNA library. Then, cBioportal, Oncomine, and R2 databases were used to analyze the association between gene expression levels and clinical characteristics. Subsequently, lentiviral shRNA or pCMV was used to knockdown or overexpress the gene of interest, and the effects on TMZ sensitivity were determined using a MTT assay and western blot analysis. TMZ-resistant cells were also established and were used in in vitro and in vivo experiments to analyze the role of the gene of interest in TMZ resistance. The results indicated that XRCC5 was effective in enhancing TMZ cytotoxicity. The results from the bioinformatics analysis revealed that XRCC5 mRNA expression levels were associated with clinical deterioration and lower overall survival rates. In addition, XRCC5 knockdown could significantly increase TMZ sensitivity in GBM cells, while XRCC5 overexpression caused the cancer cells to be resistant to TMZ. Both the in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that TMZ treatment could induce expression of XRCC5 in TMZ-resistant cells. Taken together these findings suggested that XRCC5 could be a promising target for GBM treatment and could also be used as a diagnostic marker for refractory GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Neng Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jen-Tsung Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan, R.O.C.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Earth and Life Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei 11153, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsiu-Chen Huang
- Department of Applied Science, National Tsing Hua University South Campus, Hsinchu 30014, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Ping Wu
- Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jui-Chieh Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Radiation resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: dire need for an appropriate sensitizer. Oncogene 2020; 39:3638-3649. [PMID: 32157215 PMCID: PMC7190570 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1250-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Radiation is a significant treatment for patients with head and neck cancer. Despite advances to improve treatment, many tumors acquire radiation resistance resulting in poor survival. Radiation kills cancer cells by inducing DNA double-strand breaks. Therefore, radiation resistance is enhanced by efficient repair of damaged DNA. Head and neck cancers overexpress EGFR and have a high frequency of p53 mutations, both of which enhance DNA repair. This review discusses the clinical criteria for radiation resistance in patients with head and neck cancer and summarizes how cancer cells evade radiation-mediated apoptosis by p53- and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated DNA repair. In addition, we explore the role of cancer stem cells in promoting radiation resistance, and how the abscopal effect provides rationale for combination strategies with immunotherapy.
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10
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Hsieh MJ, Huang C, Lin CC, Tang CH, Lin CY, Lee IN, Huang HC, Chen JC. Basic fibroblast growth factor promotes doxorubicin resistance in chondrosarcoma cells by affecting XRCC5 expression. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:293-303. [PMID: 31916307 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is the second most common form of bone cancer and is characterized by its ability to produce an extracellular matrix of the cartilage. High-grade chondrosarcoma is highly aggressive and can metastasize to other parts of the body. Chondrosarcoma is resistant to both conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy; hence, the current main treatment is still surgical resection. Doxorubicin (Dox) has been shown to significantly improve patient survival compared with untreated chondrosarcoma. However, for patients with metastasis, surgical resection alone can hardly treat them. In addition, drug resistance is one of the leading causes of death in patients with chondrosarcoma. Secreted proteins can mediate cell-cell interactions in the cancer microenvironment, which may be associated with the development of drug resistance. In the present study, chondrosarcoma cells were treated with Dox, the conditioned medium was then collected and changes in secreted proteins were analyzed using the antibody array. Results showed that the Dox-treated group had the highest secretion of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), indicating the effect of bFGF on Dox sensitivity in chondrosarcoma. Furthermore, lentiviral-mediated knockdown and treatment of exogenous recombinant protein were employed to further investigate the effect of bFGF on Dox resistance. Results demonstrated that bFGF can promote the expression of X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 5 (XRCC5), leading to Dox resistance. Secreted bFGF is likely to be detected in serum, in addition to being a biomarker for predicting Dox resistance, the combination of Dox and bFGF/XRCC5 blockers may be a new therapeutic strategy to improve the efficacy of Dox in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Holistic Wellness, Mingdao University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Earth and Life Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chieh Lin
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Lin
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - I-Neng Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chen Huang
- Department of Applied Science, National Tsing Hua University, South Campus, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Chieh Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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11
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Safarzad M, Besharat S, Salimi S, Azarhoush R, Behnampour N, Joshaghani HR. Association between selenium, cadmium, and arsenic levels and genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair genes (XRCC5, XRCC6) in gastric cancerous and non-cancerous tissue. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 55:89-95. [PMID: 31345372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in northern Iran. The DNA repair genes X-ray repair cross-complementing (XRCC) group 5, XRCC6, which are important members of non-homologous end-joining repair system, play an important role in repairing the DNA double-strand breaks. Chronic exposure to heavy metals has long been recognized as being capable of augmenting gastric cancer incidence among exposed human populations. Since trace elements could directly or indirectly damage DNA, and polymorphism in DNA DSBs-repair genes can alter the capacity of system repair, we assumed that XRCC5 VNTR and XRCC6-61C >G polymorphism also impress the DSBs-repair system ability and contribute to gastric cancer. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the tissue accumulation of Selenium (Se), Cadmium (Cd) and Arsenic (As), and XRCC5 VNTR, XRCC6-61C >G polymorphisms in cancerous and non-cancerous tissues in Golestan province. The study population included 46 gastric cancer patients and 43 cancer-free controls. Two polymorphisms of XRCC5, XRCC6 were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Further employed was atomic absorption spectroscopy so as to determine the levels of Se, Cd and As. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS (version 16) statistical software. The Se level was significantly higher in tumors as compared to non-tumor tissues, but there was no significant correlation between As and Cd in cancerous and noncancerous tissues. Allele frequencies of the selected genes were not statistically different between groups regarding XRCC6 (-61C>G). XRCC5 0R/0R, 0R/1R, 1R/1R, and 0R/2R genotypes were more common in cancerous group. High levels of Se in cancerous tissues vs. non-cancerous tissues may be one of the carcinogenic factors; in Golestan province, unlike other regions of Iran and the world, the level of Se is high, hence the higher risks of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Safarzad
- Metabolic disorders research center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Sima Besharat
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Saeedeh Salimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, ZahedanUniversity of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ramin Azarhoush
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Naser Behnampour
- Biostatistics Department, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Joshaghani
- Laboratory sciences research center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
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12
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Wang S, Xi J, Lin Z, Hao J, Yao C, Zhan C, Jiang W, Shi Y, Wang Q. Clinical values of Ku80 upregulation in superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2018. [PMID: 29532618 PMCID: PMC5911598 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ku80 is an important DNA repair protein. Here, this study sought to investigate clinical impacts of Ku80 expression for patients with superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Immunohistochemical analysis of Ku80 expression was carried out in normal esophageal mucosa, squamous epithelial dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and superficial ESCC. Its relationships with clinicopathological features and survival of superficial ESCC patients were further clarified. Lentivirus-mediated RNA interference was used to silence Ku80 gene in ECA109 and KYSE150 cells. Both quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were employed to evaluate Ku80 levels. CCK-8 assay, clone formation assay, flow cytometry, and tumorigenesis experiment were performed to evaluate the malignant phenotype of ECA109 and KYSE150 cells. Increased Ku80 expression was observed in dysplastic esophageal mucosa and carcinoma in situ compared to normal esophageal mucosa (P < 0.001, P < 0.001). Ku80 expression was further increased in superficial ESCC in comparison with dysplastic esophageal mucosa and carcinoma in situ (P < 0.001, P = 0.034). In superficial ESCC, Ku80 overexpression was related to tumor differentiation (P = 0.017), T status (P = 0.011), nodal involvement (P = 0.005), TNM stage (P = 0.004), and postoperative recurrence (P = 0.008). Cox proportional hazards regression showed tumor differentiation, T status, nodal involvement, TNM stage, and Ku80 expression were both independent predictors of patients' overall survival and disease-free survival. Ku80 shRNA effectively reduced Ku80 expression, which significantly inhibited proliferation, clone formation, and induced apoptosis in ECA109 and KYSE150 cells. The tumor growth of xenografts was significantly reduced by Ku80 silencing in ECA109 and KYSE150 cells. Ku80 overexpression associates with unfavorable prognosis of superficial ESCC patients, and silencing of Ku80 could inhibit the malignant behavior of ESCC cells. We provide evidence that Ku80 has unrecognized roles in carcinogenesis and development of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Junjie Xi
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zongwu Lin
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jiatao Hao
- General Practice DepartmentZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Can Yao
- Department of GastroenterologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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13
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Yamamoto VN, Thylur DS, Bauschard M, Schmale I, Sinha UK. Overcoming radioresistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2016; 63:44-51. [PMID: 27938999 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy plays an essential role in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), yet therapeutic efficacy is hindered by treatment-associated toxicity and tumor recurrence. In comparison to other cancers, innovation has proved challenging, with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody cetuximab being the only new radiosensitizing agent approved by the FDA in over half a century. This review examines the physiological mechanisms that contribute to radioresistance in HNSCC as well as preclinical and clinical data regarding novel radiosensitizing agents, with an emphasis on those with highest translational promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky N Yamamoto
- USC Tina and Rick Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - David S Thylur
- USC Tina and Rick Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael Bauschard
- USC Tina and Rick Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Isaac Schmale
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Uttam K Sinha
- USC Tina and Rick Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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14
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Guo J, Wang X, Lü X, Jing R, Li J, Li C, Wang D, Bi B, Chen X, Wang F, Sun S, Gong J, Azadzoi KM, Yang JH. Unraveling molecular effects of ADAR1 overexpression in HEK293T cells by label-free quantitative proteomics. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:1591-601. [PMID: 27104882 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1176657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ADAR1 is a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) editing enzyme that specifically converts adenosine to inosine. ADAR1 is ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotes and participate in various cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation and immune responses. We report here a new proteomics study of HEK293T cells with and without ADAR1 overexpression. The up- and down-regulated proteins by ADAR1 overexpression are identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) followed by label-free protein quantification. Totally 1,495 proteins (FDR < 0.01) are identified, among which 211 are up- and 159 are down-regulated for at least 1.5-fold (n = 3, p < 0.05). Gene ontology analysis reveals that these ADAR1-regulated proteins are involved in protein translation and cell cycle regulation. Bioinformatics analysis identifies a closely related network consistent for the protein translation machinery and a tightly connected network through proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-interactions. Up-regulation of the proteins in the PCNA-mediated cell proliferation network is confirmed by Western blotting. In addition, ADAR1 overexpression is confirmed to increase cell proliferation in HEK293T cells and A549 cells. We conclude that ADAR1 overexpression modulates the protein translation and cell cycle networks through PCNA-mediated protein-protein interaction to promote cell proliferation in HEK293 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Guo
- a Cancer Research Center, Shandong University School of Medicine , Jinan , China
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- a Cancer Research Center, Shandong University School of Medicine , Jinan , China
| | - Xin Lü
- a Cancer Research Center, Shandong University School of Medicine , Jinan , China
| | - Ruirui Jing
- a Cancer Research Center, Shandong University School of Medicine , Jinan , China
| | - Junqiang Li
- a Cancer Research Center, Shandong University School of Medicine , Jinan , China
| | - CuiLing Li
- a Cancer Research Center, Shandong University School of Medicine , Jinan , China
| | - Daoguang Wang
- a Cancer Research Center, Shandong University School of Medicine , Jinan , China
| | - Baibin Bi
- a Cancer Research Center, Shandong University School of Medicine , Jinan , China
| | - Xinjun Chen
- a Cancer Research Center, Shandong University School of Medicine , Jinan , China
| | - Fengqin Wang
- a Cancer Research Center, Shandong University School of Medicine , Jinan , China
| | - Shengnan Sun
- a Cancer Research Center, Shandong University School of Medicine , Jinan , China
| | - Jing Gong
- a Cancer Research Center, Shandong University School of Medicine , Jinan , China
| | - Kazem M Azadzoi
- b Departments of Surgery and Urology , VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Jing-Hua Yang
- a Cancer Research Center, Shandong University School of Medicine , Jinan , China.,b Departments of Surgery and Urology , VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
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15
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Cui J, Luo J, Kim YC, Snyder C, Becirovic D, Downs B, Lynch H, Wang SM. Differences of Variable Number Tandem Repeats in XRCC5 Promoter Are Associated with Increased or Decreased Risk of Breast Cancer in BRCA Gene Mutation Carriers. Front Oncol 2016; 6:92. [PMID: 27148484 PMCID: PMC4829605 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ku80 is a subunit of the Ku heterodimer that binds to DNA double-strand break ends as part of the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway. Ku80 is also involved in homologous recombination (HR) via its interaction with BRCA1. Ku80 is encoded by the XRCC5 gene that contains a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) insertion in its promoter region. Different VNTR genotypes can alter XRCC5 expression and affect Ku80 production, thereby affecting NHEJ and HR pathways. VNTR polymorphism is associated with multiple types of sporadic cancer. In this study, we investigated its potential association with familial breast cancer at the germline level. Using PCR, PAGE, Sanger sequencing, and statistical analyses, we compared VNTR genotypes in the XRCC5 promoter between healthy individuals and three types of familial breast cancer cases: mutated BRCA1 (BRCA1+), mutated BRCA2 (BRCA2+), and wild-type BRCA1/BRCA2 (BRCAx). We observed significant differences of VNTR genotypes between control and BRCA1+ group (P < 0.0001) and BRCA2+ group (P = 0.0042) but not BRCAx group (P = 0.2185), and the differences were significant between control and cancer-affected BRCA1+ cases (P < 0.0001) and BRCA2+ cases (P = 0.0092) but not cancer-affected BRCAx cases (P = 0.4251). Further analysis indicated that 2R/2R (OR = 1.94, 95%CI = 1.26–2.95, P = 0.0096) and 2R/1R (OR = 1.58, 95%CI = 1.11–2.26, P = 0.0388) were associated with increased risk but 1R/1R (OR = 0.55, 95%CI = 0.35–0.84, P = 0.0196) and 1R/0R (OR = 0, 95%CI = 0–0.29, P = 0.0012) were associated with decreased risk in cancer-affected BRCA1+ group; 2R/1R (OR = 1.94, 95%CI = 1.14–3.32, P = 0.0242) was associated with increased risk in cancer-affected BRCA2+ group. No correlation was observed for the altered risk between cancer-affected or -unaffected carriers and between different age of cancer diagnosis in cancer-affected carriers. The frequently observed VNTR association with in BRCA1+ and BRCA2+ breast cancer group indicates that VNTR polymorphism in the XRCC5 promoter is associated with altered risk of breast cancer in BRCA1+ and BRCA2+ carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cui
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE , USA
| | - Jiangtao Luo
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE , USA
| | - Yeong C Kim
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE , USA
| | - Carrie Snyder
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hereditary Cancer Center, Creighton University , Omaha, NE , USA
| | - Dina Becirovic
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hereditary Cancer Center, Creighton University , Omaha, NE , USA
| | - Bradley Downs
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE , USA
| | - Henry Lynch
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hereditary Cancer Center, Creighton University , Omaha, NE , USA
| | - San Ming Wang
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE , USA
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16
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Expression and significance of Ku80 and PDGFR-α in nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:204-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Chang HW, Nam HY, Kim HJ, Moon SY, Kim MR, Lee M, Kim GC, Kim SW, Kim SY. Effect of β-catenin silencing in overcoming radioresistance of head and neck cancer cells by antagonizing the effects of AMPK on Ku70/Ku80. Head Neck 2015; 38 Suppl 1:E1909-17. [PMID: 26713771 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We attempted to elucidate the mechanism of cell death after radiation by studying how β-catenin silencing controls the radiation sensitivity of radioresistant head and neck cancer cells. METHODS The most radioresistant cancer cell line (AMC-HN-9) was selected for study. Targeted silencing of β-catenin was used on siRNAs. Sensitivity to radiation was examined using clonogenic and methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assays. RESULTS A combination of irradiation plus β-catenin silencing led to a significant reduction in the inherent radioresistance of AMC-HN-9 cells. Although expression of Ku70/80 was upregulated in AMC-HN-9 cells after irradiation, Ku70/80 was dramatically decreased in a combination of irradiation and β-catenin silencing. Interestingly, irradiation-induced Ku70/80 was completely prevented by β-catenin silencing-induced LKB1/AMP-activated protein kinase (LKB1/AMPK) signal. CONCLUSION The LKB1/AMPK pathway might relay the signal between the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and the Ku70/Ku80 DNA repair machinery, and play a decisive role in fine-tuning the responses of cancer cells to irradiation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1909-E1917, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Won Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Yun Nam
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Moon
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ra Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inje University College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungjin Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gui Chul Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Who Kim
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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18
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Yoon HI, Park KH, Lee EJ, Keum KC, Lee CG, Kim CH, Kim YB. Overexpression of SOX2 Is Associated with Better Overall Survival in Squamous Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Adjuvant Radiotherapy. Cancer Res Treat 2015; 48:473-82. [PMID: 26323639 PMCID: PMC4843707 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2015.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to investigate the prognostic significance of SOX2 gene amplification and expression in patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer stage III lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) who underwent surgery followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pathological specimens were obtained from 33 patients with stage III lung SCC treated with surgery followed by adjuvant radiotherapy between 1996 and 2008. SOX2 gene amplification and protein expression were analyzed using fluorescent in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Patients were divided into two groups according to their SOX2 gene amplification and protein expression status. Kaplan-Meier estimates and a Cox proportional hazards model were used to identify the prognostic factors affecting patient survival. RESULTS The median follow-up period for surviving patients was 58 months (range, 5 to 102 months). SOX2 gene amplification was observed in 22 patients and protein overexpression in 26 patients. SOX2 overexpression showed significant association with SOX2 gene amplification (p=0.002). In multivariate analysis, SOX2 overexpression was a significant prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) (hazard ratios [HR], 0.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.002 to 0.5; p=0.005) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.65; p=0.01). Age (HR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.98; p=0.046) and total radiation dose (HR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.7; p=0.02) were the independent prognostic factors for OS and DFS. Patients with SOX2 amplification did not show a longer OS (p=0.95) and DFS (p=0.48). CONCLUSION Our data suggested that SOX2 overexpression could be used as a positive prognostic factor in patients with stage III lung SCC receiving adjuvant radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong In Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Hyun Park
- Yonsei Song-Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Chang Keum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Geol Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Bae Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Yonsei Song-Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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19
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Aptekar S, Arora M, Lawrence CL, Lea RW, Ashton K, Dawson T, Alder JE, Shaw L. Selective Targeting to Glioma with Nucleic Acid Aptamers. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134957. [PMID: 26252900 PMCID: PMC4529171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioma is characterised by a rapid growth rate and high capacity for invasive infiltration to surrounding brain tissue; hence, diagnosis and treatment is difficult and patient survival is poor. Aptamers contribute a promising and unique technology for the in vitro imaging of live cells and tissues, with a potentially bright future in clinical diagnostics and therapeutics for malignant glioma. The binding selectivity, uptake capacity and binding target of two DNA aptamers, SA43 and SA44, were investigated in glioma cells and patient tissues. The binding assay showed that SA43 and SA44 bound with strong affinity (Kd, 21.56 ± 4.60 nM and Kd, 21.11 ± 3.30 nM respectively) to the target U87MG cells. Quantitative analysis by flow cytometry showed that the aptamers were able to actively internalise in U87MG and 1321N1 glioma cells compared to the non-cancerous and non-glioma cell types. Confocal microscopy confirmed staining in the cytoplasm, and co-localisation studies with endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomal markers suggested internalisation and compartmentalisation within the endomembrane system. Both aptamers selectively bound to Ku 70 and Ku 80 DNA repair proteins as determined by aptoprecipitation (AP) followed by mass spectrometry analysis and confirmation by Western blot. In addition, aptohistochemical (AHC) staining on paraffin embedded, formalin fixed patient tissues revealed that the binding selectivity was significantly higher for SA43 aptamer in glioma tissues (grade I, II, III and IV) compared to the non-cancerous tissues, whereas SA44 did not show selectivity towards glioma tissues. The results indicate that SA43 aptamer can differentiate between glioma and non-cancerous cells and tissues and therefore, shows promise for histological diagnosis of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Aptekar
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Mohit Arora
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuropathology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals (NHS trust), Preston, PR2 9HT, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Louise Lawrence
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Robert William Lea
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Ashton
- Department of Neuropathology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals (NHS trust), Preston, PR2 9HT, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Dawson
- Department of Neuropathology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals (NHS trust), Preston, PR2 9HT, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Elizabeth Alder
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Shaw
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
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20
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Jahantigh D, Salimi S, Mousavi M, Moossavi M, Mohammadoo-Khorasani M, Narooei-nejad M, Sandoughi M. Association Between Functional Polymorphisms of DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Repair Genes XRCC5, XRCC6 and XRCC7 with the Risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in South East Iran. DNA Cell Biol 2015; 34:360-6. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2014.2465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Danial Jahantigh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Department of Biology, Sistan and Baluchestan University, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Salimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Moossavi
- Department of Biology, Sistan and Baluchestan University, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Milad Mohammadoo-Khorasani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Narooei-nejad
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Genetic of Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Sandoughi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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21
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Xu B, Shen W, Liu X, Zhang T, Ren J, Fan Y, Xu J. Oridonin inhibits BxPC-3 cell growth through cell apoptosis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2015; 47:164-73. [PMID: 25651847 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oridonin, an ent-kaurene diterpenoid extracted from the traditional Chinese herb Rabdosia rubescens, has multiple biological and pharmaceutical functions and has been used clinically for many years. While the antitumor function of oridonin has been corroborated by numerous lines of evidence, its anticancer mechanism has not been well documented. In this study, the pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3 was used as a model to investigate a possible anticancer mechanism of oridonin through examining its effects on cell viability. The results showed that oridonin affected cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner. After exposure to different oridonin concentrations, growth rates and cell cycle arrest of BxPC-3 cells were significantly reduced compared with untreated cells, suggesting its effects on proliferation inhibition. Detailed signaling pathway analysis by western blot analysis revealed that low-dose oridonin treatment inhibited BxPC-3 cell proliferation by up-regulating p53 and down-regulating cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), which led to cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. A high-dose oridonin not only arrested BxPC-3 cells in the G2/M phase but also induced cell accumulation in the S phase, presumably through γH2AX up-regulation and DNA damage. In addition, our results showed that a cell subpopulation was stained with propidium iodide after oridonin treatment. Protein quantification showed that cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) expression was increased after a high-dose oridonin treatment, especially after long-term exposure. Accompanied by the increased level of deactivated PARP in BxPC-3 cells, the apoptosis initiators caspase-3 and caspase-7 expressions were also significantly increased, suggesting that caspase-mediated apoptosis contributed to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Wen Shen
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xing Liu
- School of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343000, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jun Ren
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yongjun Fan
- National Centre for Stem Cell Research, Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Jian Xu
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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Saadat M, Pashaei S, Amerizade F. Susceptibility to gastric cancer and polymorphisms of insertion/deletion at the intron 3 of the XRCC4 and VNTR at the promoter region of the XRCC5. Pathol Oncol Res 2014; 21:689-93. [PMID: 25527410 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-014-9875-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The genes encoding X-ray repair cross-complementing group 4 (XRCC4; OMIM: 194363) and 5 (XRCC5; OMIM: 194364) are involved in repair of DNA double-strand breaks. To investigating the associations between polymorphisms of Insertion/Deletion (I/D, rs28360071) in the intron 3 of the XRCC4 and VNTR in the promoter region of the XRCC5 and risk of gastric cancer, the present study was carried out. We included 159 (56 females, 103 males) with gastric cancer and 242 (75 females, 167 males) healthy blood donors frequency matched for age and gender. Using PCR-based methods, the genotypes of the study polymorphisms were determined. The alleles of VNTR XRCC5 polymorphism divided into two groups: L (0 and 1 repeats) and H (2 and 3 repeats) alleles. For the I/D XRCC4 polymorphism, after stratification of the subjects according to their family history (FH) of cancer, either the ID (OR = 3.19, 95%CI: 1.35-7.50, P = 0.008) or the DD genotypes (OR = 4.62, 95%CI: 1.63-13.0, P = 0.004) among positive FH persons, increased the risk of gastric cancer compared with the reference group (persons who have negative FH and II genotype). For the VNTR XRCC5 polymorphism, the LH + HH genotypes among positive FH persons, increased the risk of gastric cancer compared with the reference group (persons who have negative FH and LL genotype) (OR = 2.88, 95%CI: 1.34-6.18, P = 0.006). Sensitivity analysis showed that the above mentioned associations were not occurred due to the maldistribution of the genotypes among missing data. The present study suggests that both polymorphisms of the XRCC4 and XRCC5 might be risk factors for gastric cancer development especially among persons with positive FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Saadat
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71454, Iran,
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23
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Marampon F, Gravina GL, Zani BM, Popov VM, Fratticci A, Cerasani M, Di Genova D, Mancini M, Ciccarelli C, Ficorella C, Di Cesare E, Festuccia C. Hypoxia sustains glioblastoma radioresistance through ERKs/DNA-PKcs/HIF-1α functional interplay. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:2121-31. [PMID: 24676782 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms by which glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) refracts and becomes resistant to radiotherapy treatment remains largely unknown. This radioresistance is partly due to the presence of hypoxic regions, which are frequently found in GBM tumors. We investigated the radiosensitizing effects of MEK/ERK inhibition on GBM cell lines under hypoxic conditions. Four human GBM cell lines, T98G, U87MG, U138MG and U251MG were treated with the MEK/ERK inhibitor U0126, the HIF-1α inhibitor FM19G11 or γ-irradiation either alone or in combination under hypoxic conditions. Immunoblot analysis of specific proteins was performed in order to define their anti‑oncogenic or radiosensitizing roles in the different experimental conditions. MEK/ERK inhibition by U0126 reverted the transformed phenotype and significantly enhanced the radiosensitivity of T98G, U87MG, U138MG cells but not of the U251MG cell line under hypoxic conditions. U0126 and ERK silencing by siRNA reduced the levels of DNA protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), Ku70 and K80 proteins and clearly reduced HIF-1α activity and protein expression. Furthermore, DNA-PKcs siRNA-mediated silencing counteracted HIF-1α activity and downregulated protein expression suggesting that ERKs, DNA-PKcs and HIF-1α cooperate in radioprotection of GBM cells. Of note, HIF-1α inhibition under hypoxic conditions drastically radiosensitized all cell lines used. MEK/ERK signal transduction pathway, through the sustained expression of DNA-PKcs, positively regulates HIF-1α protein expression and activity, preserving GBM radioresistance in hypoxic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Marampon
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca Gravina
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Zani
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Amato Fratticci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Radiotherapy and Radiobiology Laboratory, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Manuela Cerasani
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Radiotherapy and Radiobiology Laboratory, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Genova
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Radiotherapy and Radiobiology Laboratory, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marta Mancini
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Radiotherapy and Radiobiology Laboratory, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Carmela Ciccarelli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Corrado Ficorella
- Medical Oncology, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Ernesto Di Cesare
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Festuccia
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Radiotherapy and Radiobiology Laboratory, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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The potential role of Ku80 in primary central nervous system lymphoma as a prognostic factor. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2013; 17:58-63. [PMID: 23788963 PMCID: PMC3685349 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2013.33775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to detect the expression of Ku80 in primary central nervous system lymphoma and to evaluate the relationship between Ku80 expression level and clinical outcomes. Thirty-eight patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) were included in this retrospective study. The expression of Ku80 in tumor samples was determined by immunohistochemistry. One thousand neoplastic cells per specimen were counted. The expression levels were compared with the clinical data and statistically analyzed. The results of this study show that the expression of Ku80 can be found in the majority of PCNSLs. The mean expression level of Ku80 in 38 PCNSL is 64.1 ±24.5. A significant difference in Ku80 expression could be found between the age < 65 years group and age ≥ 65 years group (P = 0.006). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients who showed a high Ku80 expression had a significantly shorter median survival time (MST) than patients who had low Ku80 expression (P = 0.036). Patients’ age, tumor location, and treatment protocol were significantly related to prognosis in PCNSL (P < 0.05). The expression of Ku80 was observed in the majority of PCNSLs. Ku80 was a predictive factor for survival in this study. In addition to Ku80, other clinical variables including age, tumor location and therapeutic protocol are correlated significantly with overall survival.
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Nam HY, Han MW, Chang HW, Lee YS, Lee M, Lee HJ, Lee BW, Lee HJ, Lee KE, Jung MK, Jeon H, Choi SH, Park NH, Kim SY, Kim SW. Radioresistant cancer cells can be conditioned to enter senescence by mTOR inhibition. Cancer Res 2013; 73:4267-77. [PMID: 23722550 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is frequently activated in radioresistant cancer cells where it provides a cell survival strategy. The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin activates autophagy but paradoxically it also enhances radiosensitivity. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of these opposing actions in radiation-resistant glioma or parotid carcinoma cells. Radiation treatment transiently enhanced autophagic flux for a period of 72 hours in these cells and treatment with rapamycin or the mTOR inhibitor PP242 potentiated this effect. However, these treatments also increased heterochromatin formation, irreversible growth arrest, and premature senescence, as defined by expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. This augmentation in radiosensitivity seemed to result from a restoration in the activity of the tumor suppressor RB and a suppression of RB-mediated E2F target genes. In tumor xenografts, we showed that administering rapamycin delayed tumor regrowth after irradiation and increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining in the tumor. Our findings suggest that a potent and persistent activation of autophagy by mTOR inhibitors, even in cancer cells where autophagy is occurring, can trigger premature senescence as a method to restore radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Yun Nam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Otolaryngology, and Biomedical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
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26
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The novel allele (3R) of the VNTR polymorphism in the XRCC5 promoter region dramatically decreases the gene expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 430:640-1. [PMID: 23220236 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.11.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphism of variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in the promoter region of X-ray repair cross-complementing 5 (MIM: 194364, XRCC5; rs6147172) was reported. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the influence of this polymorphism on XRCC5 mRNA levels. Genotypes of XRCC5 VNTR were determined by high resolution of melting analysis (HRMA). The quantitative XRCC5 mRNA expression (compared to ß-actin expression) among 0R/1R, 1R/2R, and 1R/3R genotypes was investigated. There was a negative correlation between the overall number of tandem repeats and XRCC5 expression (r=-0.965, df=7, P<0.001). The mRNA level of XRCC5 decreased as function of number of tandem repeats. The 3R allele of the VNTR polymorphism in the XRCC5 promoter region dramatically decreases the gene expression.
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27
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Petera J, Sirák I, Tuček L, Hodek M, Paluska P, Kašaová L, Paulíková S, Vošmik M, Doležalová H, Cvanova M, Halamka M, Laco J. Predicting factors for locoregional failure of high-dose-rate brachytherapy for early-stage oral cancer. Per Med 2012; 9:879-887. [PMID: 29776235 DOI: 10.2217/pme.12.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM Brachytherapy is an alternative to surgery in the treatment of the early stages of oral tongue cancer. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the clinical risk factors and possible candidate biomarkers of local and regional tumor control. PATIENTS & METHODS Twenty-four patients were treated between the years 2001 and 2010. Median follow-up was 37.4 months. Correlation between disease-free survival and clinical stage, tumor grade, resection margin, depth of invasion, and p16, EGF receptor, NF-κB, HIF-1α, HER2, Ku-80, COX-2 and VEGF expression was evaluated. RESULTS The estimated 5-year local control was 81% and locoregional control was 62%. Depth of tumor invasion (p = 0.018) and higher VEGF expression (p = 0.016) were significantly predictive for worse disease-free survival in Cox multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Intensity of VEGF expression and depth of tumor invasion may be significantly negative predictors of disease-free survival in tongue cancer patients treated by brachytherapy alone. Predictive value of VEGF deserves evaluation in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Petera
- Department of Oncology & Radiotherapy, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Igor Sirák
- Department of Oncology & Radiotherapy, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Luboš Tuček
- Department of Stomatology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Hodek
- Department of Oncology & Radiotherapy, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Paluska
- Department of Oncology & Radiotherapy, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Linda Kašaová
- Department of Oncology & Radiotherapy, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Paulíková
- Department of Oncology & Radiotherapy, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Vošmik
- Department of Oncology & Radiotherapy, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Doležalová
- Department of Stomatology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Cvanova
- Institute of Biostatistics & Analyses, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jan Laco
- Fingerland Department of Pathology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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28
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Ho DWY, Yang ZF, Yi K, Lam CT, Ng MNP, Yu WC, Lau J, Wan T, Wang X, Yan Z, Liu H, Zhang Y, Fan ST. Gene expression profiling of liver cancer stem cells by RNA-sequencing. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37159. [PMID: 22606345 PMCID: PMC3351419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence supports that tumor growth and cancer relapse are driven by cancer stem cells. Our previous work has demonstrated the existence of CD90(+) liver cancer stem cells (CSCs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nevertheless, the characteristics of these cells are still poorly understood. In this study, we employed a more sensitive RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) to compare the gene expression profiling of CD90(+) cells sorted from tumor (CD90(+)CSCs) with parallel non-tumorous liver tissues (CD90(+)NTSCs) and elucidate the roles of putative target genes in hepatocarcinogenesis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS CD90(+) cells were sorted respectively from tumor and adjacent non-tumorous human liver tissues using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The amplified RNAs of CD90(+) cells from 3 HCC patients were subjected to RNA-Seq analysis. A differential gene expression profile was established between CD90(+)CSCs and CD90(+)NTSCs, and validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) on the same set of amplified RNAs, and further confirmed in an independent cohort of 12 HCC patients. Five hundred genes were differentially expressed (119 up-regulated and 381 down-regulated genes) between CD90(+)CSCs and CD90(+)NTSCs. Gene ontology analysis indicated that the over-expressed genes in CD90(+)CSCs were associated with inflammation, drug resistance and lipid metabolism. Among the differentially expressed genes, glypican-3 (GPC3), a member of glypican family, was markedly elevated in CD90(+)CSCs compared to CD90(+)NTSCs. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that GPC3 was highly expressed in forty-two human liver tumor tissues but absent in adjacent non-tumorous liver tissues. Flow cytometry indicated that GPC3 was highly expressed in liver CD90(+)CSCs and mature cancer cells in liver cancer cell lines and human liver tumor tissues. Furthermore, GPC3 expression was positively correlated with the number of CD90(+)CSCs in liver tumor tissues. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The identified genes, such as GPC3 that are distinctly expressed in liver CD90(+)CSCs, may be promising gene candidates for HCC therapy without inducing damages to normal liver stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W. Y. Ho
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhen Fan Yang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Innovation Center China, AstraZeneca Global R&D, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang Yi
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Shenzhen, China
| | - Chi Tat Lam
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael N. P. Ng
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wan Ching Yu
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joyce Lau
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Timothy Wan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhixiang Yan
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Shenzhen, China
| | - Hang Liu
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Shenzhen, China
| | - Sheung Tat Fan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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29
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Kim MR, Chang HW, Nam HY, Han MW, Moon SY, Kim HJ, Lee HJ, Roh JL, Kim SW, Kim SY. Activation of p53-p21 is closely associated with the acquisition of resistance to apoptosis caused by β1-integrin silencing in head and neck cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 418:260-6. [PMID: 22266309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The issue of whether aberrant expression of β1-integrin is associated with cancer progression and development of resistance to cytotoxic therapy is of considerable interest. Studies to date have shown that the anchorage-independent survival of cancer is attributed, in part, to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, we have reported a novel alternative mechanism of anchorage-independent survival of cancer cells. Cell lines derived from head and neck cancer patients (AMC-HN-3 and AMC-HN-9) and the well-known EMT cancer cell line, MDA-MB231, were examined. The EMT features of AMC-HN-9 cells were comparable to those of MDA-MB231, whereas AMC-HN-3 cells showed no EMT characteristics. Although the pattern and degree of β1-integrin expression were similar in all three cell lines, sensitivities of the cells to β1-integrin knockdown with small interfering RNA (siRNA) were different. Cancer cells with no EMT features underwent cell death to a more significant extent following β1-integrin silencing than those with EMT. Intriguingly, we observed reactive activation of the p53-p21 pathway after β1-integrin silencing in AMC-HN-9 cells lacking an apparent cell death response. Simultaneous knockdown of wild-type p53 and β1-integrin in this cell line promoted cell death. Our data collectively indicate that β1-integrin-related cell death is closely associated with EMT phenotypes and activation of the p53-p21 pathway is partly involved in the acquisition of resistance to apoptosis induced by β1-integrin silencing. Further clarification of the mechanisms underlying p53 integration with β1-integrin signaling may facilitate the development of novel anti-cancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ra Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, Daejin Medical Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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30
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Khosravifarsani M, Monfared AS, Elahimanesh F, Borzoueisileh S, Hajian-Tilaki K, Seyfizadeh N, Amiri M. Is there association between handedness and radiosensitivity in breast cancer women? Med Oncol 2012; 29:2552-5. [PMID: 22219084 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-011-0153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Radiosensitivity is a biological response to radiation. This response depends on many factors such as radiation factors as well as biological system factors. It is shown that identical doses of radiation for the treatment of Cancer patients produce different biological responses that are assumed to be depend on different specifications of the biological systems. However, by elimination of these factors, people may still show different biological responses such as acute and low responses to radiotherapy in similar doses of radiation. Some reports indicate that breast cancer, immune diseases including autoimmune diseases such as lupus, Myasthenia Gravies and even the rate of allergy are more frequent in left-handed compared to right-handed individuals. The main goal of the present study is determination of radiosensitivity in left-handed compared to right-handed in breast cancer women by cytogenetic assay. Peripheral venous blood samples (10 ml) of 30 breast cancer women (10 left- and 20 right-handed) were divided into two identical parts. One part is exposed to 2 Gy Co-60 gamma rays, and the second part is considered as non-exposed controls. Lymphocytes were cultured in standard media, and cytokinesis blocked to score micronuclei in bi-nucleated cells. The frequency of micronuclei in 1,000 cells in each sample is considered as the rate of radiosensitivity and was compared in left- and right-handed breast cancer women by appropriate statistical analysis. Results showed that radiosensitivity index in left-handers is higher than right-handers also mean frequency of MN in exposed group of left-handers compare to right-handers is elevated. It seems that left-handed breast cancer women are more radiosensitive than right-handed. More investigations on right- and left-handed healthy people are ongoing in our laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Khosravifarsani
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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31
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Nowsheen S, Aziz K, Panayiotidis MI, Georgakilas AG. Molecular markers for cancer prognosis and treatment: have we struck gold? Cancer Lett 2011; 327:142-52. [PMID: 22120674 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed an emerging role for molecular or biochemical markers indicating a specific cellular mechanism or tissue function, often called 'biomarkers'. Biomarkers such as altered DNA, proteins and inflammatory cytokines are critical in cancer research and strategizing treatment in the clinic. In this review we look at the application of biological indicators to cancer research and highlight their roles in cancer detection and treatment. With technological advances in gene expression, genomic and proteomic analysis, biomarker discovery is expanding fast. We focus on some of the predominantly used markers in different types of malignancies, their advantages, and their limitations. Finally we conclude by looking at the future of biomarkers, their utility in the tumorigenic studies, and the progress towards personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaira Nowsheen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center, 35294, USA
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32
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Chang TT, Sun MF, Chen KC, Wong YH, Yang SC, Chen HY, Tsai FJ, Fisher M, Lee CL, Fang WC, Chen CYC. Drug discovery for DNA break repair system by screening from TCM database and molecular dynamics approach. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2010.548388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Ti Chang
- a Department of Chinese Pediatrics , China Medical University Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan ROC
| | - Mao-Feng Sun
- b Department of Acupuncture , China Medical University Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan ROC
| | - Kuan-Chung Chen
- c Laboratory of Computational and Systems Biology , School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung, 40402, Taiwan ROC
| | - Yung-Hao Wong
- c Laboratory of Computational and Systems Biology , School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung, 40402, Taiwan ROC
| | - Shun-Chieh Yang
- c Laboratory of Computational and Systems Biology , School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung, 40402, Taiwan ROC
| | - Hsin-Yi Chen
- c Laboratory of Computational and Systems Biology , School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung, 40402, Taiwan ROC
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- d Department of Bioinformatics , Asia University , Taichung, 41354, Taiwan ROC
- e Department of Medical Genetics, Pediatrics and Medical Research , College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung, 40402, Taiwan ROC
| | - Mark Fisher
- f Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Chun-Lin Lee
- g Department of Business Administration , National Taipei University , Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - Wen-Chang Fang
- g Department of Business Administration , National Taipei University , Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - Calvin Yu-Chian Chen
- c Laboratory of Computational and Systems Biology , School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung, 40402, Taiwan ROC
- d Department of Bioinformatics , Asia University , Taichung, 41354, Taiwan ROC
- f Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- h Computational and Systems Biology , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Sun MF, Chang TT, Chang KW, Huang HJ, Chen HY, Tsai FJ, Lin JG, Chen CYC. Blocking the DNA Repair System by Traditional Chinese Medicine? J Biomol Struct Dyn 2011; 28:895-906. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2011.10508616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Li JQ, Chen J, Liu NN, Yang L, Zeng Y, Wang B, Wang XR. Ku80 gene G-1401T promoter polymorphism and risk of gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:2131-6. [PMID: 21547134 PMCID: PMC3084400 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i16.2131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2009] [Revised: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the possible relationship between the Ku80 gene polymorphism and the risk of gastric cancer in China.
METHODS: In this hospital-based case-control study of gastric cancer in Jiangsu Province, China, we investigated the association of the Ku80 G-1401T (rs828907) polymorphism with gastric cancer risk. A total of 241 patients with gastric cancer and 273 age- and sex-matched control subjects were genotyped and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.
RESULTS: The frequencies of genotypes GG, GT and TT were 65.6%, 22.8% and 11.6% in gastric cancer cases, respectively, and 75.8%, 17.6% and 6.6% in controls, respectively. There were significant differences between gastric cancer and control groups in the distribution of their genotypes (P = 0.03) and allelic frequencies (P = 0.002) in the Ku80 promoter G-1401T polymorphism.
CONCLUSION: The T allele of Ku80 G-1401T may be associated with the development of gastric cancer.
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Moeller BJ, Yordy JS, Williams MD, Giri U, Raju U, Molkentine DP, Byers LA, Heymach JV, Story MD, Lee JJ, Sturgis EM, Weber RS, Garden AS, Ang KK, Schwartz DL. DNA repair biomarker profiling of head and neck cancer: Ku80 expression predicts locoregional failure and death following radiotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:2035-43. [PMID: 21349997 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-2641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiotherapy plays an integral role in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Although proteins involved in DNA repair may predict HNSCC response to radiotherapy, none has been validated in this context. We examined whether differential expression of double-strand DNA break (DSB) repair proteins in HNSCC, the chief mediators of DNA repair following irradiation, predict for treatment outcomes. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Archival HNSCC tumor specimens (n = 89) were assembled onto a tissue microarray and stained with antibodies raised against 38 biomarkers. The biomarker set was enriched for proteins involved in DSB repair, in addition to established mechanistic markers of radioresistance. Staining was correlated with treatment response and survival alongside established clinical and pathologic covariates. Results were validated in an independent intramural cohort (n = 34). RESULTS Ku80, a key mediator of DSB repair, correlated most closely with clinical outcomes. Ku80 was overexpressed in half of all tumors, and its expression was independent of all other covariates examined. Ku80 overexpression was an independent predictor for both locoregional failure and mortality following radiotherapy (P < 0.01). The predictive power of Ku80 overexpression was confined largely to HPV-negative HNSCC, where it conferred a nine-fold greater risk of death at two years. CONCLUSIONS Ku80 overexpression is a common feature of HNSCC, and is a candidate DNA repair-related biomarker for radiation treatment failure and death, particularly in patients with high-risk HPV-negative disease. It is a promising, mechanistically rational biomarker to select individual HPV-negative HNSCC patients for strategies to intensify treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Moeller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Canazza A, De Grazia U, Fumagalli L, Brait L, Ghielmetti F, Fariselli L, Croci D, Salmaggi A, Ciusani E. In vitro effects of Cyberknife-driven intermittent irradiation on glioblastoma cell lines. Neurol Sci 2011; 32:579-88. [PMID: 21301910 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-011-0485-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Radiosurgery is used increasingly upon recurrence of high-grade gliomas to deliver a high dose of focused radiation to a defined target. The purpose of our study was to compare intermittent irradiation (IIR) by using a CyberKnife (CK) with continuous irradiation (CIR) by using a conventional linear accelerator (LINAC). A significant decrease in surviving fraction was observed after IIR irradiation compared with after CIR at a dose of 8 Gy. Three hours after irradiation, most of the DNA damage was repaired in U87. Slightly higher basal levels of Ku70/80 mRNA were found in U87 compared with A172, while radiation treatment induced only minor regulation of Ku70/80 and Rad51 transcription in either cell lines. IIR treatment using CK significantly decreased the survival in U87 and A172 compared with CIR. Although the two cell lines differed in DNA repair capability, the role of Ku70/80 and Rad51 in the cell line radiosensitivity seemed marginal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Canazza
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy
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Langland GT, Yannone SM, Langland RA, Nakao A, Guan Y, Long SBT, Vonguyen L, Chen DJ, Gray JW, Chen F. Radiosensitivity profiles from a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines exhibiting genetic alterations in p53 and disparate DNA-dependent protein kinase activities. Oncol Rep 2010; 23:1021-6. [PMID: 20204287 DOI: 10.3892/or_00000728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The variability of radiation responses in ovarian tumors and tumor-derived cell lines is poorly understood. Since both DNA repair capacity and p53 status can significantly alter radiation sensitivity, we evaluated these factors along with radiation sensitivity in a panel of sporadic human ovarian carcinoma cell lines. We observed a gradation of radiation sensitivity among these sixteen lines, with a five-fold difference in the LD50 between the most radiosensitive and the most radioresistant cells. The DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is essential for the repair of radiation induced DNA double-strand breaks in human somatic cells. Therefore, we measured gene copy number, expression levels, protein abundance, genomic copy and kinase activity for DNA-PK in all of our cell lines. While there were detectable differences in DNA-PK between the cell lines, there was no clear correlation with any of these differences and radiation sensitivity. In contrast, p53 function as determined by two independent methods, correlated well with radiation sensitivity, indicating p53 mutant ovarian cancer cells are typically radioresistant relative to p53 wild-type lines. These data suggest that the activity of regulatory molecules such as p53 may be better indicators of radiation sensitivity than DNA repair enzymes such as DNA-PK in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory T Langland
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Choi J, Moon SY, Hong JP, Song JY, Oh KT, Lee SW. Epidermal growth factor induces cell death in the absence of overexpressed epidermal growth factor receptor and ErbB2 in various human cancer cell lines. Cancer Invest 2010; 28:505-14. [PMID: 20073577 DOI: 10.3109/07357900902783179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates apoptosis in tumor cells depending on the expression levels of EGF receptor and Her2. We examined the protein levels in 22 different cancer cell lines and assessed the responses to EGF. EGF-induced cytotoxicity was not correlated with the levels of either EGFR or Her2. Fourteen cell lines exhibited decreased cell proliferation, whereas 293T cells did not display any noticeable changes and degraded transiently expressed EGFR following EGF treatment. EGF treatment resulted in significant tumor growth inhibition in some xenografts. Our data indicate that exogenous EGF treatment leads to growth inhibition rather than inducing tumor cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jene Choi
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Wang G, Wang S, Shen Q, Yin S, Li C, Li A, Li J, Zhou J, Liu Q. Polymorphisms in XRCC5, XRCC6, XRCC7 genes are involved in DNA double-strand breaks(DSBs) repair associated with the risk of acute myeloid leukemia(AML) in Chinese population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1007-4376(09)60034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Hsu CF, Tseng HC, Chiu CF, Liang SY, Tsai CW, Tsai MH, Bau DT. Association between DNA double strand break gene Ku80 polymorphisms and oral cancer susceptibility. Oral Oncol 2009; 45:789-93. [PMID: 19217823 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2008] [Revised: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The DNA double strand break repair gene Ku80 is thought to play a major role in the caretaking of the overall genome stability. It is very possible that defective in double strand break repair capacity can lead to human carcinogenesis. Thus, the polymorphic variants of Ku80 were firstly investigated regarding their association with oral cancer susceptibility. In this hospital-based case-control study, the association of Ku80 promoter G-1401T (rs828907), promoter C-319T (rs11685387), and intron19 (rs9288518) polymorphisms with oral cancer risk in a Taiwanese population was investigated. 600 patients with oral cancer and 600 age- and gender-matched healthy controls recruited were genotyped and analyzed by PCR-RFLP method. There were significant differences between oral cancer and control groups in the distributions of their genotypes (P=0.0038) and allelic frequencies (P=0.0044) in the Ku80 promoter G-1401T polymorphism. In the other two polymorphisms, there was no difference between both groups in the distribution of either genotype or allelic frequency. There is a synergistic gene-environmental interaction between Ku80 and areca chewing. Compared with G/G genotype in Ku80 promoter G-1401T, the G/T plus T/T significantly enhanced the risk only in the areca chewers (odds ratio=1.603; 95% confidence interval=1.053-2.011), not in the non-areca chewers. In conclusion, the Ku80 promoter G-1401T is correlated with oral cancer susceptibility and this polymorphism may be a useful marker for oral cancer prevention and early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Fang Hsu
- Department of Terry Fox Cancer Research Lab, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Khymenets O, Fitó M, Covas MI, Farré M, Pujadas MA, Muñoz D, Konstantinidou V, Torre RDL. Mononuclear Cell Transcriptome Response after Sustained Virgin Olive Oil Consumption in Humans: An Exploratory Nutrigenomics Study. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2009; 13:7-19. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2008.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olha Khymenets
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM-Hospital del Mar), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Montserat Fitó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María-Isabel Covas
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magí Farré
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM-Hospital del Mar), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Antonia Pujadas
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM-Hospital del Mar), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Daniel Muñoz
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valentini Konstantinidou
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM-Hospital del Mar), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Barcelona, Spain
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Negroni A, Stronati L, Grollino MG, Barattini P, Gumiero D, Danesi DT. Radioresistance in a tumour cell line correlates with radiation inducible Ku 70/80 end-binding activity. Int J Radiat Biol 2008; 84:265-76. [PMID: 18386192 DOI: 10.1080/09553000801953318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of the present study were to better understand the role of Ku 80, which is involved in double-strand break repair in mammalian cells in the mechanism of radiation resistance and to verify the possibility of increasing cell radiosensitivity by targeted inhibition of Ku autoantigen 80 (Ku 80). MATERIALS AND METHODS Western blot and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) were performed on the human bladder carcinoma cell line RT112 (radioresistant) and on the human colorectal carcinoma cell line SW48 (radiosensitive) to assess the expression levels of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) components and the DNA-binding activity of the Ku 70/80 heterodimer after exposure to radiation, respectively. Ku 80 silencing was carried out with the use of small interfering RNA (siRNA). RESULTS Greater differences in the DNA-binding activity of Ku 70/80 and Ku 80 phosphorylation level were observed in RT112 as compared to SW48 after X-ray treatment. There is no correlation between Ku expression and DNA-binding activity at lower doses. A significant increase in nuclear Ku 80 expression was observed one hour after the exposure, only at the higher doses, while the DNA-PK catalytic subunits (DNA-PKcs) and Ku 70 levels did not change significantly. Inhibition of Ku 80 expression by siRNA induced radiosensitivity in the RT112 cell line. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that in a bladder tumour cell line up-regulation of Ku end-binding activity without any marked change in Ku expression underlie radiation resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Negroni
- Section of Toxicology and Biomedical Sciences, ENEA-National Agency for New Technology, Energy and Environment, Rome, Italy.
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Yang QS, Gu JL, Du LQ, Jia LL, Qin LL, Wang Y, Fan FY. ShRNA-mediated Ku80 gene silencing inhibits cell proliferation and sensitizes to gamma-radiation and mitomycin C-induced apoptosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma lines. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2008; 49:399-407. [PMID: 18403903 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.07096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of Ku80 depletion on cell growth and sensitization to gamma-radiation and MMC-induced apoptosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma lines. Six human carcinoma cell lines (LNcaP, K562, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, EC9706, and K150) and normal HEK293 cell line were examined for basal levels of Ku80 protein by western blotting analysis. The suppression of Ku80 expression was performed using vector-based shRNA in EC9706 cells. Cell proliferation was determined with MTT assay and colony formation assay and tumorigenicity in a xenograft model in vitro and in vivo. Sensitivity of EC9706 cells treated with shRNA vector to gamma-radiation and MMC was determined with colony formation assay and MTT assay. The cell cycle distribution was determined by Flow cytometry. Apoptosis induced by gamma-radiation and MMC was analyzed using GENMED-TUNEL FACS kit. Ku80 showed higher basal levels in six carcinoma cell lines than in HEK293. The suppression of Ku80 expression decreased cellular proliferation, colony formation and inhibited tumorigenicity in a xenograft model. Furthermore, it sensitized apoptosis of the cancer cells induced by gamma-radiation and MMC. Ku80 plays an important role not only in tumorigenesis but also in radiation resistance and chemotherapy resistance in esophageal cancer cells. Hence Ku80 may serve as a promising therapeutic target, particularly for recurrent esophageal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Shan Yang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
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Chang HW, Roh JL, Jeong EJ, Lee SW, Kim SW, Choi SH, Park SK, Kim SY. Wnt signaling controls radiosensitivity via cyclooxygenase-2-mediated Ku expression in head and neck cancer. Int J Cancer 2007; 122:100-7. [PMID: 17764107 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that Wnt signaling pathway may be a key radioprotective mechanism in irradiated cancer cells; however, the specific radioresistance mechanisms remain not to be fully clarified. Here we elucidate a novel signaling pathway of radioresistance in head and neck cancer (HNC) cell lines involving interactions among the Wnt signaling pathway, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and Ku expression. Activation of the Wnt signaling pathway by (2'Z,3'E)-6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime (BIO) resulted in beta-catenin cytoplasmic accumulation and translocation to the nucleus, upregulated Ku expression and increased radioresistance in the COX-2-expressing HNC cell line. In contrast, Wnt singaling activation by BIO had no effects on Ku expression and radiosensitivity in a HNC cell line negative for COX-2. Interactions between Wnt singaling and Ku were indirectly regulated by COX-2. Blockage of COX-2 signaling led to the suppression of beta-catenin-induced Ku expression, and to consequent recovery of the radiosensitivity in HNC cells. Our results conclusively suggest that beta-catenin plays a pivotal role in the regulation of Ku expression via the proposed COX-2 intracellular pathway, thus supporting a novel radioresistance mechanism of HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Won Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
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45
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Wang S, Wang M, Yin S, Fu G, Li C, Chen R, Li A, Zhou J, Zhang Z, Liu Q. A novel variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism containing Sp1 binding elements in the promoter of XRCC5 is a risk factor for human bladder cancer. Mutat Res 2007; 638:26-36. [PMID: 17904587 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2007.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Revised: 08/17/2007] [Accepted: 08/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
X-ray repair cross-complementing 5 (XRCC5) is a gene involved in repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Abnormal expression of the XRCC5 protein is associated with genomic instability and an increased incidence of cancers. In our study, a polymorphism with a variable number of tandem repeats (21-bp repeat elements at position -201 to -160 relative to the initiation of transcription) in the promoter of XRCC5 was identified. As determined with gel-shift and super-shift assays, the binding affinity of the transcription factor Sp1 to the allele with two 21-bp repeats was greater than that for the allele with one 21-bp repeat. As established with a reporter assay, plasmids containing zero or one repeat element had higher transcriptional activities than plasmids containing two repeat elements. Furthermore, fewer tandem repeats in the promoter of XRCC5 was associated with enhanced levels of the XRCC5 protein in bladder cancer patients. Although, in a case-control study, the different genotypes were not associated with the risk of bladder cancer, individuals not carrying the two tandem repeats allele had an increased risk of bladder cancer compared with those carrying the allele with two repeats. These results indicated that, at least in a population in southeastern China, this polymorphism in the promoter of XRCC5 could regulate the expression of XRCC5 and thereby contribute to susceptibility to bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouyu Wang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Abstract
This paper reviews the main papers related to oral squamous cell carcinoma published in 2006 in oral oncology - an international interdisciplinary journal which publishes high quality original research, clinical trials and review articles, and all other scientific articles relating to the aetiopathogenesis, epidemiology, prevention, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and management of patients with neoplasms in the head and neck, and orofacial disease in patients with malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crispian Scully
- Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK.
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