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Gulati P, Singh AK, Yadav AK, Pasbola K, Pandey P, Sharma R, Thakar A, Solanki PR. Nano-modified screen-printed electrode-based electrochemical immunosensors for oral cancer biomarker detection in undiluted human serum and saliva samples. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:705-721. [PMID: 38235076 PMCID: PMC10791120 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00682d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
This proposed work reports the development of in-house made conductive ink-based screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) for label-free detection of oral cancer biomarkers. Carbon ink synthesis includes graphite powder, gum arabic, and water. The selectivity test of the fabricated SPE involves immobilizing antibodies specific to biomarkers and challenges with redox-active interference, other serum molecules, and non-target biomarkers. Three different biomarkers, cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA 21-1), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and tumor protein p53 (TP-53), act as target entities for the detection of oral cancer in patients' samples (serum, N = 28, and saliva, N = 16) at an early stage. The standard technique enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to estimate the concentration of the biomarkers in serum and saliva samples. SPEs contain amine (-NH2) functional groups involved in covalent bonding with the carboxyl (-COOH) groups of antibody molecules. These immunosensors exhibited remarkably lower detection limits of 829.5 pg mL-1, 0.543 pg mL-1, and 1.165 pg mL-1, and excellent sensitivity of 0.935 μA mL pg-1 cm-1, 0.039 μA mL pg-1 cm-1, and 0.008 μA mL pg-1 cm-1 for CYFRA 21-1, IL-8, and TP-53 biomarkers, respectively. This sensing platform does not require any functionalization for biomolecule immobilization. Thus, it is a cost-effective, disposable, flexible, miniaturized, and sensitive strip to detect oral cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Gulati
- Nano-Bio Laboratory, Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi-110067 India
| | - Avinash Kumar Singh
- Nano-Bio Laboratory, Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi-110067 India
| | - Amit K Yadav
- Nano-Bio Laboratory, Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi-110067 India
| | - Kiran Pasbola
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University India
| | - Prerna Pandey
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University India
| | - Rinu Sharma
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University India
| | - Alok Thakar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences Ansari Nagar New Delhi 110029 India
| | - Pratima R Solanki
- Nano-Bio Laboratory, Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi-110067 India
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Saha P, Sawant S, Deshmukh A, Hole A, Murali Krishna C. Serum Raman spectroscopy: Prognostic applications in oral cancers. Head Neck 2023; 45:1244-1254. [PMID: 36919570 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loco-regional recurrences attributable to field cancerization and minimal residual cancer, remain prime causes of mortality in oral cancer (OC) subjects. The current study evaluates potential of serum Raman spectroscopy (SRS) to identify recurrence-prone OC subjects. METHODS Raman spectra of serum from eight healthy subjects (H) and 57 OC subjects (with-recurrence [R], without-recurrence [NR], and with suspicious-lesions [S]), before (BS) and after (AS) surgical excision of tumor were recorded. OC subjects were followed-up for 7-years. RESULTS DNA and protein alterations were observed in AS sera of all groups. 4-, 3-, and 2-model multivariate analyses were used to stratify BS and AS groups. H spectra were 100% distinguishable from all other groups. AS, R and NR were distinguished with high accuracy (84%) in all models. No stratification (~50%) was observed BS. CONCLUSION SRS shows potential to identify recurrence prone subjects, post-surgery, using serum collected as early as 1 week after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panchali Saha
- Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Education and Research in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Training School Complex, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sharada Sawant
- Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Education and Research in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Atul Deshmukh
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, D.Y. Patil University, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arti Hole
- Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Education and Research in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - C Murali Krishna
- Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Education and Research in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Training School Complex, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Maharashtra, India
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Zhang Y, Chen K, Li L, Mao W, Shen D, Yao N, Zhang L. CCR4 is a prognostic biomarker and correlated with immune infiltrates in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1443. [PMID: 34733995 PMCID: PMC8506764 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-3936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Increased evidence has indicated that the tumour microenvironment plays an essential in the development, treatment and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC). Recent studies have indicated CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) plays an essential role in tumor invasion and other adverse biological behavior. This study used data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to explore the role of CCR4 in HNSC and its clinical significance. Methods The gene expression and clinical data of HNSC patients in the TCGA database were extracted. Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) was used to analyze the expression of CCR4 in tumor and non-tumor tissue. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to analyze the relationship between CCR4 expression and overall survival rate (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progression-free interval (PFI) in HNSC. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationships between various clinical factors and CCR4 expression. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to explore the potential role of CCR4 in HNSC. Additionally, we explored the relationship between CCR4 and immune infiltration. Results The expression of CCR4 in HNSC was not significantly different from that in normal tissue. The expression level of CCR4 in wild-type TP53 was higher than that in mutant TP53. Cox regression analysis showed the expression level of CCR4 was related to the patient's tumor grade and Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) stage. CCR4 expression level is an independent prognostic factor. CCR4 is positively correlated with immune infiltration and immune checkpoints expression levels. The results of GSEA revealed that the high CCR4 expression group genes were enriched in allograft rejection, inflammatory response, IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling, interferon gamma response, and KRAS signaling up. Low CCR4 expression group genes were enriched in oxidative phosphorylation, MYC targets v1, DNA repair, reactive oxygen species pathway, and P53 pathway. Further, our study indicated CCR4 can also predict the prognosis of radiotherapy patients. Conclusions Our study found that CCR4 was a prognostic marker related to HNSC immune infiltration, and patients with high expression of CCR4 had a better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijian Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Oncology, Huaian Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Weidong Mao
- Department of Oncology, Jiangyin People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Dong Shen
- Department of Oncology, Jiangyin People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Ninghua Yao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Exploring the value of pleural fluid biomarkers for complementary pleural effusion disease examination. Comput Biol Chem 2021; 94:107559. [PMID: 34412001 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2021.107559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pleural fluid biomarkers are beneficial for the complementary diagnosis of pleural effusion etiologies. This study focuses on the multidimensional evaluation of deep learning to investigate the pleural effusion biomarkers value and the diagnostic utility of combining these markers, in distinguishing pleural effusion etiologies. METHODS Pleural effusion were divided into three groups according to the diagnosis and treatment guidelines: malignant pleural effusion (MPE), parapneumonic effusion (PPE), and congestive heart failure (CHF). First, the value of the biomarker was analyzed by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Then by utilizing deep learning and entropy weight method (EWM), the clinical value of biomarkers was computed multidimensionally for complementary diagnosis of pleural effusion diseases. RESULTS There were significant differences in the six biomarkers, TP, ADA, CEA, CYFRA211, NSE, MNC% (p < 0.05) and no significant differences in three physical characteristics including color, transparency, specific gravity and six other biomarkers such as WBC, PNC%, MTC%, pH level, GLU, LDH (p > 0.05) among the three pleural effusion groups. The comprehensive test of pleural fluid biomarkers based on deep learning is of high accuracy. The clinical value of cytomorphology biomarkers WBC, MNC %, PNC %, MTC % was higher among pleural fluid biomarkers. CONCLUSION The clinical value of multi-dimensional analysis of biomarkers by deep learning and entropy weight method is different from the ROC curve analysis. It is suggested that during the clinical examination process, more attention should be paid to the cell morphology biomarkers, but the physical properties of the pleural fluid are less clinical significance.
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AlAli AM, Walsh T, Maranzano M. CYFRA 21-1 and MMP-9 as salivary biomarkers for the detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review of diagnostic test accuracy. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 49:973-983. [PMID: 32035907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tissue biopsy with histopathological examination is still considered the gold standard to diagnose oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This systematic review explored the diagnostic test accuracy of two salivary biomarkers in adults suspected of OSCC. The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and Embase databases were searched for clinical studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of salivary biomarkers in detecting OSCC. Studies were eligible for inclusion if only singular salivary biomarkers were evaluated in three or more studies. Studies investigating combined salivary biomarkers or assessing patients with oral potentially malignant disorders only were excluded. The reporting of the review follows the PRISMA checklist. Six studies, recruiting 775 participants, were included in this review for only two salivary biomarkers, cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA 21-1) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). The sensitivity and specificity (with 95% confidence intervals) for CYFRA 21-1 studies ranged from 0.84 (0.75-0.91) to 0.94 (0.83-0.99) and from 0.84 (0.71-0.93) to 0.96 (0.80-1.00), respectively. In MMP-9 studies, sensitivity (with 95% confidence intervals) ranged from 0.76 (0.67-0.83) to 1.00 (0.78-1.00) and specificity from 0.27 (0.12-0.46) to 1.00 (0.78-1.00). The overall quality of the included studies was poor. Due to a lack of strong and high-quality evidence, considerable uncertainty remains surrounding the use of singular salivary biomarkers for the detection of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M AlAli
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Al-Adan Specialised Dental Centre, Ministry of Health, Kuwait.
| | - T Walsh
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - M Maranzano
- Oral and Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery Department, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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Rudhart SA, Schultz JD, Gehrt F, Pavel FL, Birk R, Hoch M, Stuck BA, Hoch S. CYFRA 21-1: a suitable tumor marker in patients with head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma? Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 276:3467-3475. [PMID: 31482332 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-019-05614-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The clinical significance of cytokeratin fraction 21-1 (CYFRA 21-1) for patients with head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is unknown. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical value of CYFRA 21-1 in the context of treatment and follow-up for these patients. METHODS The clinical, histological and laboratory data of a total of 55 patients with the first diagnosis of head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (T1-T4, N0-N2b, M0-1) between 2003 and 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. In 25 cases, the primary tumor could be treated successfully without residual or recurrent disease in the further course. The average follow-up period was 2.3 years. In all patients, pretherapeutic determination of CYFRA 21-1 was performed using the ECLIA test kit. The cut-off value was set at 3.3 ng/ml. RESULTS In 18 patients (32.7%), regional recurrence was found in the course of treatment. Distant metastases could be observed in two patients (3.6%). In these cases, no significant increase of CYFRA 21-1 blood concentration was detected at the time of recurrence/metastasis. At the time of the first diagnosis, the mean value of CYFRA 21-1 blood concentration was 2.4 ng/ml; and in cases of regional recurrence or distant metastases, the initial mean CYFRA 21-1 concentration was 2.0 ng/ml. There was no statistically significant relationship between CYFRA 21-1 blood concentration and analyzed tumor characteristics. CONCLUSIONS According to current knowledge, the tumor marker CYFRA 21-1 is not clinically significant for treatment and follow-up of patients with head and neck CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan A Rudhart
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Johannes D Schultz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Francesca Gehrt
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Friederike L Pavel
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Richard Birk
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Melika Hoch
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Boris A Stuck
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Hoch
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
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Khurshid Z, Zafar MS, Khan RS, Najeeb S, Slowey PD, Rehman IU. Role of Salivary Biomarkers in Oral Cancer Detection. Adv Clin Chem 2018; 86:23-70. [PMID: 30144841 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancers are the sixth most frequent cancer with a high mortality rate. Oral squamous cell carcinoma accounts for more than 90% of all oral cancers. Standard methods used to detect oral cancers remain comprehensive clinical examination, expensive biochemical investigations, and invasive biopsy. The identification of biomarkers from biological fluids (blood, urine, saliva) has the potential of early diagnosis. The use of saliva for early cancer detection in the search for new clinical markers is a promising approach because of its noninvasive sampling and easy collection methods. Human whole-mouth saliva contains proteins, peptides, electrolytes, organic, and inorganic salts secreted by salivary glands and complimentary contributions from gingival crevicular fluids and mucosal transudates. This diagnostic modality in the field of molecular biology has led to the discovery and potential of salivary biomarkers for the detection of oral cancers. Biomarkers are the molecular signatures and indicators of normal biological, pathological process, and pharmacological response to treatment hence may provide useful information for detection, diagnosis, and prognosis of the disease. Saliva's direct contact with oral cancer lesions makes it more specific and potentially sensitive screening tool, whereas more than 100 salivary biomarkers (DNA, RNA, mRNA, protein markers) have already been identified, including cytokines (IL-8, IL-1b, TNF-α), defensin-1, P53, Cyfra 21-1, tissue polypeptide-specific antigen, dual specificity phosphatase, spermidine/spermineN1-acetyltransferase , profilin, cofilin-1, transferrin, and many more. However, further research is still required for the reliability and validation of salivary biomarkers for clinical applications. This chapter provides the latest up-to-date list of known and emerging potential salivary biomarkers for early diagnosis of oral premalignant and cancerous lesions and monitoring of disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad S Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia S Khan
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Shariq Najeeb
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Al-Farabi Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paul D Slowey
- Oasis Diagnostics Corporation, Vancouver, WA, United States
| | - Ihtesham U Rehman
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Khowal S, Naqvi SH, Monga S, Jain SK, Wajid S. Assessment of cellular and serum proteome from tongue squamous cell carcinoma patient lacking addictive proclivities for tobacco, betel nut, and alcohol: Case study. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:5186-5221. [PMID: 29236289 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intriguing molecular pathways involved in oral carcinogenesis are still ambiguous. The oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) ranks as the most common type constituting more than 90% of the globally diagnosed oral cancers cases. The elevation in the OSCC incidence rate during past 10 years has an alarming impression on human healthcare. The major challenges associated with OSCC include delayed diagnosis, high metastatic rates, and low 5-year survival rates. The present work foundations on reverse genetic strategy and involves the identification of genes showing expressional variability in an OSCC case lacking addictive proclivities for tobacco, betel nut, and/or alcohol, major etiologies. The expression modulations in the identified genes were analyzed in 16 patients comprising oral pre-cancer and cancer histo-pathologies. The genes SCCA1 and KRT1 were found to down regulate while DNAJC13, GIPC2, MRPL17, IG-Vreg, SSFA2, and UPF0415 upregulated in the oral pre-cancer and cancer pathologies, implicating the genes as crucial players in oral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Khowal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Samar H Naqvi
- Molecular Diagnostics, Genetix Biotech Asia (P) Ltd., New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Monga
- Department of ENT, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Swatantra K Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Saima Wajid
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Sawant S, Ahire C, Dongre H, Joshi S, Jamghare S, Rane P, Kane S, Chaukar D. Prognostic significance of elevated serum CD44 levels in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2018; 47:665-673. [PMID: 29752852 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Availability of reliable methods distinguishing high-risk recurrent tumours from regressive tumours prior to surgery could help in better management of the disease. This study was aimed to estimate pre-surgical serum CD44 concentration and assess the possibility of using it as a non-invasive prognostic tool in oral cancer. METHODS ELISA was performed on pre-surgical serum samples from 64 primary oral cancer patients and 16 healthy individuals to estimate soluble CD44 levels. Immunohistochemistry was performed on parallel 64 solid tumours and 10 recurrent tumours. All patients clinically followed up for median period of 19.2 months and obtained prognostic information correlated with CD44 concentration in serum as well as in tumours. RESULTS Serum CD44 concentration was found significantly high in patients as compared to healthy individuals (P < .001) and also in patients whose disease locally recurred as compared to those did not recur (P = 0026). High serum CD44 concentration inversely affected on patients survival (P = .032). CD44v6 staining intensity was detected significantly high in recurrent tumours as compared to primary tumours (P < .001), and it also correlated with poor survival (P < .001). Furthermore, in combination, patients with increased CD44 concentration in serum and CD44v6 expression in tumours significantly correlated with local recurrence (P < .001) and poor survival (P < .001). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the ELISA-based estimation of pre-surgical serum CD44 concentration could be a non-invasive reliable method distinguishing high-risk recurrent tumours which can further assist in post-surgery treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharada Sawant
- Vaidya Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chetan Ahire
- Vaidya Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harsh Dongre
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Shriya Joshi
- Vaidya Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sayli Jamghare
- Vaidya Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pallavi Rane
- Epidemiology and Clinical Trials Unit, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shubhada Kane
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH), Mumbai, India
| | - Devendra Chaukar
- Oral Surgery, Head and Neck Unit, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Early diagnosis of radiotherapy failure for patients with head and neck cancer: the role of biochemical markers. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 104:273-279. [PMID: 28604997 DOI: 10.5301/tj.5000639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a lack of effective diagnostic tools for early assessment of radiotherapy (RT) outcome in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). The timely diagnosis of treatment failure may facilitate use of salvage procedures to prevent disease progression. We assessed squamous cell carcinoma antigen and CYFRA 21-1 as early markers of radiotherapy failure in patients with HNC. METHODS Between January 2009 and February 2012, 185 patients (median age 59 years) with squamous cell carcinoma were treated with curative intent with RT alone or combined with chemotherapy (ChT). Markers were estimated in the serum 2 times: before RT and after completion of treatment. RESULTS The median of follow-up was 40 months. Locoregional control (LRC) was 53% and locoregional failure (LRF) was 31%. When comparing LRC and LRF, there were no significant differences between markers concentration obtained before RT. After RT, CYFRA 21-1 (p = 0.018) was significantly elevated in the LRF group. Patients with CYFRA 21-1 <1.79 ng/mL had a higher disease-free survival rate compared to patients with CYFRA 21-1 ≥1.79 ng/mL (74% vs 53%, respectively). After RT, CYFRA 21-1 was significantly related to the overall survival ratio in both univariate (p = 0.049) and multivariate analysis (p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS CYFRA 21-1 assessed at the end of RT or ChT seems to be a prognostic marker for tumor response. A high concentration of CYFRA 21-1 after treatment increases the risk of death. CYFRA 21-1 might be suggested in the monitoring of carcinomas of HNC.
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Sannam Khan R, Khurshid Z, Akhbar S, Faraz Moin S. Advances of Salivary Proteomics in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) Detection: An Update. Proteomes 2016; 4:proteomes4040041. [PMID: 28248250 PMCID: PMC5260973 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes4040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer refers to malignancies that have higher morbidity and mortality rates due to the late stage diagnosis and no early detection of a reliable diagnostic marker, while oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is amongst the world’s top ten most common cancers. Diagnosis of cancer requires highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tools which can support untraceable hidden sites of OSCC, yet to be unleashed, for which plenty of biomarkers are identified; the most recommended biomarker detection medium for OSCC includes biological fluids, such as blood and saliva. Saliva holds a promising future in the search for new clinical biomarkers that are easily accessible, less complex, accurate, and cost effective as well as being a non-invasive technique to follow, by analysing the malignant cells’ molecular pathology obtained from saliva through proteomic, genomic and transcriptomic approaches. However, protein biomarkers provide an immense potential for developing novel marker-based assays for oral cancer, hence this current review offers an overall focus on the discovery of a panel of candidates as salivary protein biomarkers, as well as the proteomic tools used for their identification and their significance in early oral cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Sannam Khan
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Baqai University, Super Highway, P.O. Box: 2407, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shazia Akhbar
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Heath Sciences (DUHS), Baba-E-Urdu Road, Karachi 74200, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Faraz Moin
- National Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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Kistowski M, Dębski J, Karczmarski J, Paziewska A, Olędzki J, Mikula M, Ostrowski J, Dadlez M. A Strong Neutrophil Elastase Proteolytic Fingerprint Marks the Carcinoma Tumor Proteome. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 16:213-227. [PMID: 27927741 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.058818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteolytic cascades are deeply involved in critical stages of cancer progression. During the course of peptide-wise analysis of shotgun proteomic data sets representative of colon adenocarcinoma (AC) and ulcerative colitis (UC), we detected a cancer-specific proteolytic fingerprint composed of a set of numerous protein fragments cleaved C-terminally to V, I, A, T, or C residues, significantly overrepresented in AC. A peptide set linked by a common VIATC cleavage consensus was the only prominent cancer-specific proteolytic fingerprint detected. This sequence consensus indicated neutrophil elastase as a source of the fingerprint. We also found that a large fraction of affected proteins are RNA processing proteins associated with the nuclear fraction and mostly cleaved within their functionally important RNA-binding domains. Thus, we detected a new class of cancer-specific peptides that are possible markers of tumor-infiltrating neutrophil activity, which often correlates with the clinical outcome. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifiers: PXD005274 (Data set 1) and PXD004249 (Data set 2). Our results indicate the value of peptide-wise analysis of large global proteomic analysis data sets as opposed to protein-wise analysis, in which outlier differential peptides are usually neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Kistowski
- From the ‡Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw
| | - Janusz Dębski
- From the ‡Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw
| | - Jakub Karczmarski
- §Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Wilhelma Konrada Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Paziewska
- §Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Wilhelma Konrada Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Olędzki
- From the ‡Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw
| | - Michał Mikula
- §Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Wilhelma Konrada Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Ostrowski
- ¶Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Dadlez
- From the ‡Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw;
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Guldiken N, Kobazi Ensari G, Lahiri P, Couchy G, Preisinger C, Liedtke C, Zimmermann HW, Ziol M, Boor P, Zucman-Rossi J, Trautwein C, Strnad P. Keratin 23 is a stress-inducible marker of mouse and human ductular reaction in liver disease. J Hepatol 2016; 65:552-9. [PMID: 27151178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Keratins (K) constitute the epithelial intermediate filaments. Among them, K7/K19 are widely used markers of the regenerative liver response termed ductular reaction (DR) that consists of activated biliary epithelial cells (BECs) and hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) and correlates with liver disease severity. In the present study we aimed to characterize K23 in the liver. METHODS We analyzed the expression and localization of K23 in the digestive system under basal conditions as well as in various human and mouse liver diseases/stress models. Cell culture studies were used to study factors regulating K23 expression. RESULTS In untreated mice, K23 was restricted to biliary epithelia. It was (together with K7/K19) markedly upregulated in three different DR/cholestatic injury models, i.e., multidrug resistance protein 2 (Mdr2) knockouts, animals treated with 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine or subjected to bile duct ligation. K23 levels correlated with the DR marker Fn14 and immunofluorescence staining showed a distinct co-localization with K7/K19. In chronic human liver disease, K23 expression increased in patients with a more prominent inflammation/fibrosis. A dramatic upregulation (>200times) was observed in patients with acute liver failure (ALF) and end-stage primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis displayed increased K23 serum levels. In primary hepatocytes as well as hepatobiliary cell lines, treatment with TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), and the type I acute phase inducer interleukin (IL)-1β but not the type II inducer IL-6 elevated K23 expression. CONCLUSIONS K23 represents a specific, stress-inducible DR marker, whose levels correlate with liver disease severity. K23 may represent a useful non-invasive DR marker. LAY SUMMARY Ductular reaction represents a basic response to liver injury and correlates with liver disease severity. Our study identifies K23 as a novel ductular reaction marker in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurdan Guldiken
- Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany
| | - Gokce Kobazi Ensari
- Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany
| | - Pooja Lahiri
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gabrielle Couchy
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des Tumeurs solides, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris F-75010, France; Université Paris Descartes, Labex Immuno-Oncology, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75010 Paris, France; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, F-93000 Bobigny, France; Université Paris Diderot, IUH, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Christian Preisinger
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Liedtke
- Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Marianne Ziol
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, F-93000 Bobigny, France; Pathology Department, GH Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, APHP, Bondy, France; Centre de ressources biologiques BB-0033-00027 - Hôpital Jean Verdier, GH Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, APHP, Bondy, France
| | - Peter Boor
- Department of Nephrology and Institute of Pathology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des Tumeurs solides, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris F-75010, France; Université Paris Descartes, Labex Immuno-Oncology, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75010 Paris, France; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, F-93000 Bobigny, France; Université Paris Diderot, IUH, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany
| | - Pavel Strnad
- Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany.
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Ku NO, Strnad P, Bantel H, Omary MB. Keratins: Biomarkers and modulators of apoptotic and necrotic cell death in the liver. Hepatology 2016; 64:966-76. [PMID: 26853542 PMCID: PMC4977204 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Keratins, formerly known as cytokeratins, are the major epithelial-specific subgroup of intermediate filament proteins. Adult hepatocytes express keratin polypeptides 8 and 18 (K8/K18), whereas cholangiocytes express K8/K18 and keratins 7 and 19 (K7/K19). Keratins function primarily to protect hepatocytes from apoptosis and necrosis, which was revealed using several genetic mouse models. This cytoprotective function was further clarified by the identification of natural human keratin variants that are normally silent, but become pathogenic by predisposing their carriers to apoptosis during acute or chronic liver injury mediated by toxins, virus infection, or metabolic stress. During apoptosis, caspases cleave K18 and K19 at conserved aspartates (human K18/K19: (235) Val-Glu-Val-Asp(↓) ) and K18 at a unique aspartate (human K18: (394) Asp-Ala-Leu-Asp(↓) ), with the latter exposed epitope becoming recognized by the M30 antibody in blood and tissues. Additional K18-containing protein backbone epitopes are detected using the M6 and M5 (termed M65) antibodies. Intact K18 and its associated fragments, which are released into blood during apoptosis and necrosis in various diseases, have been analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the M30/M65 antibodies or their signal ratios. Furthermore, M30/M65 levels have been used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in acute and chronic liver diseases, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and acute liver failure. Other keratin biomarkers include K8/K18/K19-related tissue polypeptide antigen, K18-related tissue polypeptide-specific antigen, and K19-related CYFRA-21-1, which have been evaluated mostly in patients with epithelial tumors. CONCLUSION Keratins and their fragments are released into blood during liver and other epithelial tissue injury. The epithelial specificity of K18/K19, epitope unmasking upon caspase digestion, keratin abundance, and relative keratin stability render them useful biomarkers for hepatocyte and cholangiocyte apoptosis and necrosis. However, the precise biochemical nature and release mechanism of circulating keratins remain unknown. (Hepatology 2016;64:966-976).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-On Ku
- Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Pavel Strnad
- Department of Internal Medicine III and IZKF, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Heike Bantel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - M. Bishr Omary
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 7744 Medical Science II, 1301 E. Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5622,Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 7744 Medical Science II, 1301 E. Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5622; and VA Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor MI, 48105
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Fernández-Olavarría A, Mosquera-Pérez R, Díaz-Sánchez RM, Serrera-Figallo MA, Gutiérrez-Pérez JL, Torres-Lagares D. The role of serum biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of oral cancer: A systematic review. J Clin Exp Dent 2016; 8:e184-93. [PMID: 27034760 PMCID: PMC4808315 DOI: 10.4317/jced.52736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oral cancer is one of the causes of major morbidity and mortality in the world although incidence varies in the different geographical locations and races. Advances in molecular biology and cancer research have allowed elucidating serum biomarkers to improve diagnostic methods. The aim of this article systematic review is to highlight the utility and clinical value of serum biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of oral cancer. Material and Methods A systematic literature review using PubMed (MEDLINE databases) revealed a total of 140 articles related to this topic. Of those articles, 29 were included in the final review. We included articles published in English in the last five years, developed in human as cases and controls studies, retrospective or prospective studies and specific studies that analyzed a certain biomarker in serum. Results All of the studies include in this systematic review found significant differences in patients. Of those articles included, 2 used biomarkers to determinate cancerous phenotype, 11 mentioned their results were associated with worse prognosis and overall survival, 4 correlated biomarker concentration to clinical stages, 4 concluded it could be a helpful in diagnosis and 8 studies did not find a clear utility of the analysed biomarker. Due to differences in the presentation of data, meta-analysis was not possible. Conclusions Biomarker use for diagnosis and prognosis is supported by clinical and scientific evidence is relevant. Nevertheless, after selecting a certain biomarker, monitoring protocols should be established in oral and maxillofacial surgeons teams so as we have a correct understanding of biological values. Key words:Serum biomarkers, oral cancer, diagnosis, prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - José-Luis Gutiérrez-Pérez
- DMD. Professor of Oral Surgery. Chairman of Oral Surgery. Department of Stomatology. University of Seville
| | - Daniel Torres-Lagares
- PhD, DDS, MSc (Oral Surgery). Proffesor of Oral Surgery. Department of Stomatology. University of Seville
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Ribaut C, Voisin V, Malachovská V, Dubois V, Mégret P, Wattiez R, Caucheteur C. Small biomolecule immunosensing with plasmonic optical fiber grating sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 77:315-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Monitoring carcinogenesis in a case of oral squamous cell carcinoma using a panel of new metabolic blood biomarkers as liquid biopsies. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 20:295-302. [PMID: 26875085 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-016-0549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One of the common malignant tumors of the head and neck worldwide with generally unfavorable prognosis is squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) of the oral cavity. Early detection of primary, secondary, or recurrent OSCC by liquid biopsy tools is much needed. CASE PRESENTATION Twelve blood biomarkers were used for monitoring a case of OSCC suffering from precancerous oral lichen ruber planus mucosae (OLP). After curative R0 tumor resection of primary OSCC (buccal mucosa), elevated epitope detection in monocytes (EDIM)-Apo10, EDIM-transketolase-like-1 (TKTL1), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag), total serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and its anaerobic isoforms (LDH-4, LDH-5) decreased to normal levels. Three and six months after surgery, transformation of suspicious mucosal lesions has been accompanied with an increase of EDIM scores, total serum LDH values, and a metabolic shift from aerobic (decrease of LDH-1, LDH-2) to anaerobic (increase of LDH-4, LDH-5) conditions. Two months later, secondary OSCC was histopathologically analyzed after tissue biopsy. Cytokeratin fraction 21-1 (CYFRA 21-1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) were not affected during the clinical course of carcinogenesis. CONCLUSIONS A combination strategy using a standardized panel of established (metabolic) blood biomarkers (TKTL1, LDH, LDH isoenzymes) is worth and can be recommended among others (apoptosis resistance-related Apo10, SCC-Ag) for early detection and diagnosis of primary, secondary, and recurrent OSCC. A tandem strategy utilizing (metabolic pronounced) routine liquid biopsies with imaging techniques may enhance diagnosis of OSCC in the future. Although we demonstrated the diagnostic utility of separated liquid biopsies in our previous study cohorts, further investigations in a larger patient cohort are necessary to recommend this combination strategy (EDIM blood test, LDH value, metabolic shift of LDH isoenzymes, and others, e.g., SCC-Ag or immunophenotyping) as a diagnostic tool for the addition to the OSCC staging system and as a routine procedure in the aftercare.
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Malhotra R, Urs AB, Chakravarti A, Kumar S, Gupta VK, Mahajan B. Correlation of Cyfra 21-1 levels in saliva and serum with CK19 mRNA expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:9263-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4809-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Grimm M, Krimmel M, Hoefert S, Kraut W, Calgéer B, Biegner T, Teriete P, Munz A, Reinert S. Monitoring a ‘metabolic shift’ after surgical resection of oral squamous cell carcinomas by serum lactate dehydrogenase. J Oral Pathol Med 2015; 45:346-55. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Grimm
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University Hospital Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - M. Krimmel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University Hospital Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - S. Hoefert
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University Hospital Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - W. Kraut
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University Hospital Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - B. Calgéer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University Hospital Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - T. Biegner
- Department of Pathology; University Hospital Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - P. Teriete
- Cancer Research Center; Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute; La Jolla CA USA
| | - A. Munz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University Hospital Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - S. Reinert
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University Hospital Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
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Serum markers of CYFRA 21-1 and C-reactive proteins in oral squamous cell carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2015; 13:253. [PMID: 26292957 PMCID: PMC4546149 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-015-0656-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CYFRA 21-1 (cytokeratin 19 fragment) and C-reactive proteins (CRP) were separately reported to be associated with prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The combined roles of CYFRA 21-1 and CRP levels were rarely investigated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The purpose of the present study was to analyze the relationship between preoperative levels of both CYFRA 21-1 and CRP, with clinicopathological factors and prognosis in OSCC patients. Methods A retrospective study was performed on 130 OSCC patients between December 2010 and June 2013. Their serum CYFRA 21-1 and CRP levels were measured preoperatively. Results CYFRA 21-1 level of ≥3.3 ng/mL and CRP level of ≥5.0 mg/L were significantly associated with pathological tumor status (P < 0.001), tumor depth (>10 vs. ≤10 mm, P = 0.001), bone invasion (P = 0.001), skin invasion (P = 0.006), pathologic nodal metastasis (P = 0.012), and disease-free survival (P = 0.009). Higher CYPFRA 21-1 and CRP levels were also associated with higher risks of distant metastasis (log-rank test, P = 0.013, (HR [95 % CI]) 1.692 [1.097–2.414]). Conclusions Preoperative CYFRA 21-1 and CRP levels are probable candidates as biomarkers for risk stratification in OSCC.
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Evaluation of a biomarker based blood test for monitoring surgical resection of oral squamous cell carcinomas. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:329-38. [PMID: 26153867 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1518-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The potential use of determination of biomarkers in blood for the monitoring of surgical removal of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) was evaluated using the epitope detection in monocytes (EDIM) technology. MATERIALS AND METHODS In tumor specimen, elevated Apo10 and transketolase-like 1 (TKTL1) expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Apo10 and TKTL1 biomarkers have been used prospectively for EDIM blood test in patients with primary and/or recurrent OSCC (n = 92) before surgery and after curative tumor resection (n = 45). RESULTS There were highly significant (p < 0.0001) correlations found between EDIM blood scores and the tissue expression of both biomarkers measured by immunohistochemistry (Apo10: n = 89/92, 97%; TKTL1: n = 90/92, 98%). EDIMApo10 and EDIM-TKTL1 scores were positive in 92% (EDIM-Apo10: n = 85/92) and 93% (EDIM-TKTL1: n = 86/92), respectively, in patients with OSCC before surgery. The combined score EDIM-Apo10/EDIM-TKTL1 increased significantly the detection rate of tumors to 97% (n = 89/92). After surgery, the EDIM-TKTL1 and EDIMApo10 scores significantly decreased in 75.6 and 86.7% of the patients (p < 0.0001), respectively, in the aftercare. CONCLUSIONS The correlation of TKTL1 and Apo10 immunohistochemistry with the blood test results indicates that the EDIM blood test could serve as a non-invasive diagnostic tool (liquid biopsy) to assess surgical removal of OSCC by determination of two biomarkers. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This is the first study that has been demonstrated a reliable and successful monitoring of OSCC cancer patients by a blood test. The specific and significant decrease of EDIM-TKTL1 and EDIM-Apo10 scores after surgery could serve as a new tool for monitoring surgical removal of OSCC.
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Nicolini A, Ferrari P, Rossi G. Mucins and Cytokeratins as Serum Tumor Markers in Breast Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 867:197-225. [PMID: 26530368 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-7215-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Structural and functional characteristics of mucins and cytokeratins are shortly described. Thereafter, those commonly used in breast cancer as serum tumor markers are considered. First CA15.3, MCA, CA549, CA27.29 mucins and CYFRA21.1, TPA, TPS cytokeratins alone or in association have been examined in different stages and conditions. Then their usefulness in monitoring disease-free breast cancer patients is evaluated. The central role of the established cut-off and critical change, the "early" treatment of recurrent disease and the potential benefit in survival are other issues that have been highlighted and discussed. The successive sections and subsections deal with the monitoring of advanced disease. In them, the current recommendations and the principal findings on using the above mentioned mucins and cytokeratins have been reported. A computer program for interpreting consecutive measurements of serum tumor markers also has been illustrated. The final part of the chapter is devoted to mucins and cytokeratins as markers of circulating and disseminated tumor cells and their usefulness for prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nicolini
- Department of Oncology, Transplantations and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Paola Ferrari
- Department of Oncology, Transplantations and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rossi
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Council of Research, Pisa, Italy
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García-Muñoz A, Bologna-Molina R, Aldape-Barrios B, Licéaga-Escalera C, Montoya-Pérez LA, Rodríguez MA. Identification of proteins with increased levels in ameloblastic carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 72:1183-96. [PMID: 24485979 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2013.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The comparative proteomic approach by a combination of 2-dimensional electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MS) analysis is an attractive strategy for the discovery of cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The identification of protein biomarkers associated with ameloblastic carcinoma (AC), a malignant epithelial odontogenic tumor, will potentially improve the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy for this malignant neoplasm. The aim of the present study was to identify highly expressed proteins in AC that could be considered as potential biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS The protein profile of an AC was compared with the protein profiles of 3 cases of benign ameloblastoma. Proteins that showed increased levels in AC were identified using MS, and the augmented amount of some of these proteins in the malignant lesion was confirmed by Western blot or immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We detected a total of 782 spots in the protein profile of AC, and 19 of them, showing elevated levels compared with benign ameloblastoma, were identified using MS. These proteins have been implicated in several cellular functions, such as cell structure, metabolism, stress response, and signal transduction. CONCLUSIONS The increased expression of the identified proteins and the minor expression of some proteins that might inhibit tumor progression could be involved in the evolution from a benign lesion to carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro García-Muñoz
- Assistant Professor, Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, D.F., México; and Departamento de Investigación, Escuela de Odontología, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, México
| | - Ronell Bologna-Molina
- Professor, Departamento de Investigación, Escuela de Odontología, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, México; and Patología Molecular, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Beatriz Aldape-Barrios
- Professor, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Portal de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - Carlos Licéaga-Escalera
- Professor, Departamento de Cirugía Maxilofacial, Hospital Juárez de México, México, D.F., México
| | - Luis A Montoya-Pérez
- Professor, Departamento de Cirugía Maxilofacial, Hospital Juárez de México, México, D.F., México
| | - Mario A Rodríguez
- Professor, Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, CINVESTAV-IPN, México, D.F., México.
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Zawadzka AM, Schilling B, Cusack MP, Sahu AK, Drake P, Fisher SJ, Benz CC, Gibson BW. Phosphoprotein secretome of tumor cells as a source of candidates for breast cancer biomarkers in plasma. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:1034-49. [PMID: 24505115 PMCID: PMC3977182 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.035485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease whose molecular diversity is not well reflected in clinical and pathological markers used for prognosis and treatment selection. As tumor cells secrete proteins into the extracellular environment, some of these proteins reach circulation and could become suitable biomarkers for improving diagnosis or monitoring response to treatment. As many signaling pathways and interaction networks are altered in cancerous tissues by protein phosphorylation, changes in the secretory phosphoproteome of cancer tissues could reflect both disease progression and subtype. To test this hypothesis, we compared the phosphopeptide-enriched fractions obtained from proteins secreted into conditioned media (CM) derived from five luminal and five basal type breast cancer cell lines using label-free quantitative mass spectrometry. Altogether over 5000 phosphosites derived from 1756 phosphoproteins were identified, several of which have the potential to qualify as phosphopeptide plasma biomarker candidates for the more aggressive basal and also the luminal-type breast cancers. The analysis of phosphopeptides from breast cancer patient plasma and controls allowed us to construct a discovery list of phosphosites under rigorous collection conditions, and second to qualify discovery candidates generated from the CM studies. Indeed, a set of basal-specific phosphorylation CM site candidates derived from IBP3, CD44, OPN, FSTL3, LAMB1, and STC2, and luminal-specific candidates derived from CYTC and IBP5 were selected and, based on their presence in plasma, quantified across all cell line CM samples using Skyline MS1 intensity data. Together, this approach allowed us to assemble a set of novel cancer subtype specific phosphopeptide candidates for subsequent biomarker verification and clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Zawadzka
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, California 94945
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Czerninski R, Basile JR, Kartin‐Gabay T, Laviv A, Barak V. Cytokines and tumor markers in potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma: a pilot study. Oral Dis 2013; 20:477-81. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Czerninski
- Department of Oral Medicine Hebrew University‐Hadassah School of Dental Medicine Jerusalem Israel
| | - JR Basile
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences University of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD USA
| | - T Kartin‐Gabay
- Department of Oral Medicine Hebrew University‐Hadassah School of Dental Medicine Jerusalem Israel
| | - A Laviv
- Department of Oral and Maxilifacial Surgery Hebrew University Hadassah, School of Dental Medicine Jerusalem Israel
| | - V Barak
- Immunology Laboratory for Tumor Diagnosis Hadassah Medical Center Jerusalem Israel
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Rajkumari S, Sathiyajeeva J, Kumar CS, Sunil PM, Thayumanavan B. Molecular predictors in the early diagnosis of oral cancer. J Clin Diagn Res 2013; 7:942-4. [PMID: 23814751 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2013/5058.2983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human beings are being subjected to a variety of disease processes, a majority of which can be cured. However, cancer remains an endangering disease that affects various body parts. Though cancers can be prevented by various therapeutic modalities, the patient survival and the prognosis are questionable, as they are detected at very late stages. The aim of improving the prognosis lies in an early detection of the cancer, which can be brought about by an analysis of the changes in the cellular biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rajkumari
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology, Sathyabama University Dental College and Hospital , Chennai, India
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Sahu A, Sawant S, Mamgain H, Krishna CM. Raman spectroscopy of serum: an exploratory study for detection of oral cancers. Analyst 2013; 138:4161-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00308f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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28
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Protein signatures associated with tumor cell dissemination in head and neck cancer. J Proteomics 2011; 74:558-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Potential biomarkers in saliva for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2010; 46:226-31. [PMID: 20138569 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2010.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Revised: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive and reliable early diagnostic markers for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unavailable. Early identification of recurrence for OSCC is also a challenge. Unlike the other deep cancers, OSCC is located in oral cavity. The DNA, RNA, and protein derived from the living cancer cells and inflammatory cells then can be conveniently obtained from saliva. High-throughput genomic and proteomic approaches have been carried out to identify the potential biomarkers in body fluids such as saliva and blood for diagnosis and prognosis of OSCC. This article reviewed the recently identified biomarkers from saliva for OSCC. In addition, the biomarkers which have been correlated with OSCC tumor malignancy by molecular pathology analysis are also described. Finally, the potential biomarkers that have been demonstrated to associate with the malignant OSCC may be used for salivary screening for high-risk patients are suggested. This article may help to identify the potential biomarkers for screening and the molecular pathology analysis for high-risk patients of OSCC. Effective screening to identify high-risk patients can allow the clinician to provide the appropriate treatment without delay and to reduce the recurrence of OSCC.
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Use of multidimensional data analysis for prediction of lung malignity. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 50:210-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Revised: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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He H, Chen G, Zhou L, Liu Y. A joint detection of CEA and CA-50 levels in saliva and serum of patients with tumors in oral region and salivary gland. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2009; 135:1315-21. [PMID: 19322585 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-009-0572-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect the levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carcinoma associated antigen CA-50 in the patients with oral or salivary malignant tumors. METHODS The concentrations of salivary CEA and CA-50 were assayed in 80 patients of oral and salivary malignant tumors, 40 patients of benign tumors and 80 health controls. In 80 patients with malignant tumors, serum CEA and CA-50 were also assayed by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay and immunoradiometric analysis, respectively. RESULTS Salivary CEA and CA-50 levels were significantly higher in malignant tumors than in benign tumors and in health controls, respectively (P < 0.001). Only 7 cases and 3 cases of 80 patients with malignant tumors were found having increased serum CEA and CA-50 levels, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The measurement of CEA and CA-50 levels in saliva were more sensitive than in serum. This may be more useful as prognostic indicators in early diagnosis of oral and salivary malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong He
- Department of Stomatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medicine School, Zhejiang University, 310009 Hangzhou, China
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Recent advances in oral oncology 2008; squamous cell carcinoma imaging, treatment, prognostication and treatment outcomes. Oral Oncol 2009; 45:e25-30. [PMID: 19249236 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2008.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a synopsis of the main papers on diagnosis, imaging, treatment, prognostication and treatment outcomes in patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and head and neck SCC (HNSCC) published in 2008 in Oral Oncology - an international interdisciplinary journal which publishes high quality original research, clinical trials and review articles, and all other scientific articles relating to the aetiopathogenesis, epidemiology, prevention, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and management of patients with neoplasms in the head and neck, and orofacial disease in patients with malignant disease.
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