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Gocol H, Zeng JH, Chang S, Koh BY, Nguyen H, Cirillo N. A Critical Interpretive Synthesis of the Role of Arecoline in Oral Carcinogenesis: Is the Local Cholinergic Axis a Missing Link in Disease Pathophysiology? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1684. [PMID: 38139811 PMCID: PMC10748297 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Arecoline is the primary active carcinogen found in areca nut and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). For this study, we conducted a stepwise review process by combining iterative scoping reviews with a post hoc search, with the aim of identifying the specific mechanisms by which arecoline initiates and promotes oral carcinogenesis. Our initial search allowed us to define the current trends and patterns in the pathophysiology of arecoline-induced OSF and OSCC, which include the induction of cell proliferation, facilitation of invasion, adhesion, and migration, increased collagen deposition and fibrosis, imbalance in immune and inflammatory mechanisms, and genotoxicity. Key molecular pathways comprise the activation of NOTCH1, MYC, PRDX2, WNT, CYR61, EGFR/Pl3K, DDR1 signaling, and cytokine upregulation. Despite providing a comprehensive overview of potential pathogenic mechanisms of OSF, the involvement of molecules functioning as areca alkaloid receptors, namely, the muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), was not elucidated with this approach. Accordingly, our search strategy was refined to reflect these evidence gaps. The results of the second round of reviews with the post hoc search highlighted that arecoline binds preferentially to muscarinic AChRs, which have been implicated in cancer. Consistently, AChRs activate the signaling pathways that partially overlap with those described in the context of arecoline-induced carcinogenesis. In summary, we used a theory-driven interpretive review methodology to inform, extend, and supplement the conventional systematic literature assessment workflow. On the one hand, the results of this critical interpretive synthesis highlighted the prevailing trends and enabled the consolidation of data pertaining to the molecular mechanisms involved in arecoline-induced carcinogenesis, and, on the other, brought up knowledge gaps related to the role of the local cholinergic axis in oral carcinogenesis, thus suggesting areas for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nicola Cirillo
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia (B.Y.K.)
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Ko H, Peng H, Cheng AN, Chou HE, Hou H, Kuo W, Liu W, Kuo MY, Lee AY, Cheng S. Metastasis and immunosuppression promoted by mtDNA and PD-L1 in extracellular vesicles are reversed by WGP β-glucan in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:3857-3872. [PMID: 37525561 PMCID: PMC10551585 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The suppressive regulatory T cells (Treg) are frequently upregulated in cancer patients. This study aims to demonstrate the hypothesis that arecoline could induce the secretion of mitochondrial (mt) DNA D-loop and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in extracellular vesicles (EVs), and attenuate T-cell immunity by upregulated Treg cell numbers. However, the immunosuppression could be reversed by whole glucan particle (WGP) β-glucan in oral squamous cell (OSCC) patients. Arecoline-induced reactive oxygen specimen (ROS) production and cytosolic mtDNA D-loop were analyzed in OSCC cell lines. mtDNA D-loop, PD-L1, IFN-γ, and Treg cells were also identified for the surgical specimens and sera of 60 OSCC patients. We demonstrated that higher mtDNA D-loop, PD-L1, and Treg cell numbers were significantly correlated with larger tumor size, nodal metastasis, advanced clinical stage, and areca quid chewing. Furthermore, multivariate analysis confirmed that higher mtDNA D-loop levels and Treg cell numbers were unfavorable independent factors for survival. Arecoline significantly induced cytosolic mtDNA D-loop leakage and PD-L1 expression, which were packaged by EVs to promote immunosuppressive Treg cell numbers. However, WGP β-glucan could elevate CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell numbers, mitigate Treg cell numbers, and promote oral cancer cell apoptosis. To sum up, arecoline induces EV production carrying mtDNA D-loop and PD-L1, and in turn elicits immune suppression. However, WGP β-glucan potentially enhances dual effects on T-cell immunity and cell apoptosis and we highly recommend its integration with targeted and immune therapies against OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui‐Hsin Ko
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of DentistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- School of DentistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Dentistry, College of MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of DentistryNational Taiwan University Hospital Hsin‐Chu BranchHsin‐ChuTaiwan
| | - Hsin‐Hui Peng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of DentistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- School of DentistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Dentistry, College of MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of DentistryNational Taiwan University Hospital Hsin‐Chu BranchHsin‐ChuTaiwan
| | | | - Han‐Yi Elizabeth Chou
- School of DentistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Dentistry, College of MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of DentistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Hsin‐Han Hou
- School of DentistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Dentistry, College of MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of DentistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Wei‐Ting Kuo
- School of DentistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Dentistry, College of MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of DentistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Wei‐Wen Liu
- School of DentistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Dentistry, College of MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of DentistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Mark Yen‐Ping Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of DentistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- School of DentistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Dentistry, College of MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of DentistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Alan Yueh‐Luen Lee
- National Institute of Cancer ResearchNational Health Research InstitutesMiaoliTaiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life ScienceKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Shih‐Jung Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of DentistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- School of DentistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Dentistry, College of MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of DentistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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Kao LT, Hung SH, Kao PF, Liu JC, Lin HC. Inverse association between statin use and head and neck cancer: Population-based case-control study in Han population. Head Neck 2019; 41:1193-1198. [PMID: 30809863 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This case-control study aimed to find the relationship between prior statin use and head and neck cancer occurrence using a large population-based database. METHODS This study used claims data from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database. We included 5515 patients with head and neck cancer as cases and 5515 propensity score-matched patients without head and neck cancer as controls. Conditional logistic regressions were performed to investigate the relationship between head and neck cancer and prior statin exposure. RESULTS Of the 11 030 total sampled patients, 16.95% had previously received prescriptions for statins. In addition, statin exposure was found in 15.99% of cases and 17.91% of controls. The logistic regression also revealed that the adjusted odds ratio of prior statin exposure for cases was 0.86 (95% confidence interval: 0.77-0.95) compared to propensity score-matched controls. CONCLUSION This study found an inverse association between statin usage and head and neck cancer occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ting Kao
- Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Sleep Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Hung
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pai-Feng Kao
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Chi Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical University Hospital--Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Herng-Ching Lin
- Sleep Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Liu YJ, Peng W, Hu MB, Xu M, Wu CJ. The pharmacology, toxicology and potential applications of arecoline: a review. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2753-2760. [PMID: 27046150 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2016.1160251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Arecoline is an effective constituent of Areca catechu L. (Arecaceae) with various pharmacological effects. However, investigations also revealed that long use of arecoline could arouse some oral diseases. OBJECTIVE The present review gathers the fragmented information available in the literature (before 1 October 2015) regarding pharmacology and toxicology of arecoline. We also discussed the potential developments and applications of arecoline in the future. METHODS All the available information regarding the arecoline is compiled from scientific databases, including Science Direct, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, etc. RESULTS Previous research demonstrated that arecoline is one of the major effective constituents in A. catechu. Additionally, arecoline has a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities including effects on nervous, cardiovascular, digestive and endocrine systems and anti-parasitic effects. What's more, arecoline is reported to be the primary toxic constituent of A. catechu, and the main toxic effects include oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and genotoxicity. CONCLUSION Arecoline has great potential to be a therapeutic drug for various ailments. However, further investigations are needed in the future to reduce or eliminate its toxicities before developing into new drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Liu
- a College of Pharmacy , Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Wei Peng
- a College of Pharmacy , Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Mei-Bian Hu
- a College of Pharmacy , Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Min Xu
- a College of Pharmacy , Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Chun-Jie Wu
- a College of Pharmacy , Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu , PR China
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Bundela S, Sharma A, Bisen PS. Potential Compounds for Oral Cancer Treatment: Resveratrol, Nimbolide, Lovastatin, Bortezomib, Vorinostat, Berberine, Pterostilbene, Deguelin, Andrographolide, and Colchicine. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141719. [PMID: 26536350 PMCID: PMC4633227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in South-Asian countries. There are very limited treatment options available for oral cancer. Research endeavors focused on discovery and development of novel therapies for oral cancer, is necessary to control the ever rising oral cancer related mortalities. We mined the large pool of compounds from the publicly available compound databases, to identify potential therapeutic compounds for oral cancer. Over 84 million compounds were screened for the possible anti-cancer activity by custom build SVM classifier. The molecular targets of the predicted anti-cancer compounds were mined from reliable sources like experimental bioassays studies associated with the compound, and from protein-compound interaction databases. Therapeutic compounds from DrugBank, and a list of natural anti-cancer compounds derived from literature mining of published studies, were used for building partial least squares regression model. The regression model thus built, was used for the estimation of oral cancer specific weights based on the molecular targets. These weights were used to compute scores for screening the predicted anti-cancer compounds for their potential to treat oral cancer. The list of potential compounds was annotated with corresponding physicochemical properties, cancer specific bioactivity evidences, and literature evidences. In all, 288 compounds with the potential to treat oral cancer were identified in the current study. The majority of the compounds in this list are natural products, which are well-tolerated and have minimal side-effects compared to the synthetic counterparts. Some of the potential therapeutic compounds identified in the current study are resveratrol, nimbolide, lovastatin, bortezomib, vorinostat, berberine, pterostilbene, deguelin, andrographolide, and colchicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Bundela
- Defence Research Development Establishment, Defence Research Development Organization, Ministry of Defence, Govt. of India, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Department of Postgraduate Studies & Research in Biological Sciences, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Anjana Sharma
- Department of Postgraduate Studies & Research in Biological Sciences, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Prakash S. Bisen
- Defence Research Development Establishment, Defence Research Development Organization, Ministry of Defence, Govt. of India, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
- * E-mail:
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Li WC, Lee PL, Chou IC, Chang WJ, Lin SC, Chang KW. Molecular and cellular cues of diet-associated oral carcinogenesis-with an emphasis on areca-nut-induced oral cancer development. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 44:167-77. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chun Li
- Department of Dentistry; School of Dentistry; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Biology; School of Dentistry; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research; Taipei City Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lun Lee
- Institute of Oral Biology; School of Dentistry; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - I-Chiang Chou
- Department of Dentistry; School of Dentistry; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry; Zhong-Xiao Branch; Taipei City Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Wan-Jung Chang
- Institute of Oral Biology; School of Dentistry; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Lin
- Department of Dentistry; School of Dentistry; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Biology; School of Dentistry; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology; Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Chang
- Department of Dentistry; School of Dentistry; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Biology; School of Dentistry; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology; Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
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Cheng SJ, Ko HH, Cheng SL, Lee JJ, Chen HM, Chang HH, Kok SH, Kuo MYP, Chiang CP. Arecoline-stimulated placenta growth factor production in gingival epithelial cells: modulation by curcumin. Oral Dis 2012; 19:513-8. [PMID: 23163860 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Placenta growth factor (PlGF) is associated with the progression and prognosis of oral cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study used ELISA, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting to study the arecoline-stimulated (PlGF) protein or mRNA expression in human gingival epithelial S-G cells. RESULTS Arecoline, a major areca nut alkaloid and an oral carcinogen, could stimulate PlGF protein synthesis in S-G cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The levels of PlGF protein secretion increased about 3.1- and 3.8-fold after 24-h exposure to 0.4 and 0.8 mM arecoline, respectively. Pretreatment with antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and ERK inhibitor PD98059, but not NF-κB inhibitor Bay 11-7082, JNK inhibitor SP600125, p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580, and PI3-K inhibitor LY294002, significantly reduced arecoline-induced PlGF protein synthesis. ELISA analyses demonstrated that NAC and PD98059 reduced about 43% and 38% of the arecoline-induced PlGF protein secretion, respectively. However, combined treatment with NAC and PD98059 did not show additive effect. Moreover, 10 μM curcumin and 4 mM NAC significantly inhibited arecoline-induced ERK activation. Furthermore, 10 μM curcumin completely blocked arecoline-induced PlGF mRNA expression. CONCLUSION Arecoline-induced PlGF synthesis is probably mediated by reactive oxygen species/ERK pathways, and curcumin may be an useful agent in controlling oral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-J Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Sharan RN, Mehrotra R, Choudhury Y, Asotra K. Association of betel nut with carcinogenesis: revisit with a clinical perspective. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42759. [PMID: 22912735 PMCID: PMC3418282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Betel nut (BN), betel quid (BQ) and products derived from them are widely used as a socially endorsed masticatory product. The addictive nature of BN/BQ has resulted in its widespread usage making it the fourth most abused substance by humans. Progressively, several additives, including chewing tobacco, got added to simple BN preparations. This addictive practice has been shown to have strong etiological correlation with human susceptibility to cancer, particularly oral and oropharyngeal cancers. The PUBMED database was searched to retrieve all relevant published studies in English on BN and BQ, and its association with oral and oropharyngeal cancers. Only complete studies directly dealing with BN/BQ induced carcinogenesis using statistically valid and acceptable sample size were analyzed. Additional relevant information available from other sources was also considered. This systematic review attempts to put in perspective the consequences of this widespread habit of BN/BQ mastication, practiced by approximately 10% of the world population, on oral cancer with a clinical perspective. BN/BQ mastication seems to be significantly associated with susceptibility to oral and oropharyngeal cancers. Addition of tobacco to BN has been found to only marginally increase the cancer risk. Despite the widespread usage of BN/BQ and its strong association with human susceptibility to cancer, no serious strategy seems to exist to control this habit. The review, therefore, also looks at various preventive efforts being made by governments and highlights the multifaceted intervention strategies required to mitigate and/or control the habit of BN/BQ mastication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwar N Sharan
- Radiation and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
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Ríos M, Parada-Bustamante A, Velásquez LA, Croxatto HB, Orihuela PA. Participation of the oviductal s100 calcium binding protein G in the genomic effect of estradiol that accelerates oviductal embryo transport in mated rats. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2011; 9:69. [PMID: 21605449 PMCID: PMC3115850 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-9-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mating changes the mechanism by which E2 regulates oviductal egg transport, from a non-genomic to a genomic mode. Previously, we found that E2 increased the expression of several genes in the oviduct of mated rats, but not in unmated rats. Among the transcripts that increased its level by E2 only in mated rats was the one coding for an s100 calcium binding protein G (s100 g) whose functional role in the oviduct is unknown. METHODS Herein, we investigated the participation of s100 g on the E2 genomic effect that accelerates oviductal transport in mated rats. Thus, we determined the effect of E2 on the mRNA and protein level of s100 g in the oviduct of mated and unmated rats. Then, we explored the effect of E2 on egg transport in unmated and mated rats under conditions in which s100 g protein was knockdown in the oviduct by a morpholino oligonucleotide against s100 g (s100 g-MO). In addition, the localization of s100 g in the oviduct of mated and unmated rats following treatment with E2 was also examined. RESULTS Expression of s100 g mRNA progressively increased at 3-24 h after E2 treatment in the oviduct of mated rats while in unmated rats s100 g increased only at 12 and 24 hours. Oviductal s100 g protein increased 6 h following E2 and continued elevated at 12 and 24 h in mated rats, whereas in unmated rats s100 g protein increased at the same time points as its transcript. Administration of a morpholino oligonucleotide against s100 g transcript blocked the effect of E2 on egg transport in mated, but not in unmated rats. Finally, immunoreactivity of s100 g was observed only in epithelial cells of the oviducts of mated and unmated rats and it was unchanged after E2 treatment. CONCLUSIONS Mating affects the kinetic of E2-induced expression of s100 g although it not changed the cellular localization of s100 g in the oviduct after E2 . On the other hand, s100 g is a functional component of E2 genomic effect that accelerates egg transport. These findings show a physiological involvement of s100 g in the rat oviduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Ríos
- Unidad de Reproducción y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Alexis Parada-Bustamante
- Unidad de Reproducción y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Luis A Velásquez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Centro para el Desarrollo en Nanociencia y Nanotecnología-CEDENNA, Santiago, Chile
| | - Horacio B Croxatto
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Centro para el Desarrollo en Nanociencia y Nanotecnología-CEDENNA, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Fundamental and Applied Biology, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro A Orihuela
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Centro para el Desarrollo en Nanociencia y Nanotecnología-CEDENNA, Santiago, Chile
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