1
|
Korczeniewska OA, Dakshinamoorthy J, Prabhakar V, Lingaiah U. Genetics Affecting the Prognosis of Dental Treatments. Dent Clin North Am 2024; 68:659-692. [PMID: 39244250 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Genetics plays a significant role in determining an individual's susceptibility to dental diseases, the response to dental treatments, and the overall prognosis of dental interventions. Here, the authors explore the various genetic factors affecting the prognosis of dental treatments focusing on dental caries, orthodontic treatment, oral cancer, prosthodontic treatment, periodontal disease, developmental disorders, pharmacogenetics, and genetic predisposition to faster wound healing. Understanding the genetic underpinnings of dental health can help personalize treatment plans, predict outcomes, and improve the overall quality of dental care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Korczeniewska
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Center for Orofacial Pain and Temporomandibular Disorders, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 110 Bergen Street, Room D-880, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Janani Dakshinamoorthy
- GeneAura Pvt. Ltd, AP1166, 4th street, Anna Nagar, Thendral Colony, Chennai 600040, India.
| | - Vaishnavi Prabhakar
- Department of Dental Sciences Dr. M.G.R. Educational And Research Institute Periyar E.V.R. High Road, (NH 4 Highway) Maduravoyal, Chennai 600095, India
| | - Upasana Lingaiah
- Upasana Lingaiah, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, V S Dental College and Hospital, Room number 1, K R Road, V V Puram, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560004, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kamal MV, Damerla RR, Parida P, Chakrabarty S, Rao M, Kumar NAN. Antiapoptotic PON2 expression and its clinical implications in locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:2012-2022. [PMID: 38602182 PMCID: PMC11145147 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma poses a significant challenge in oncology due to its rising incidence and mortality rates. Despite therapeutic progress, understanding molecular intricacies is essential. This study explored the role of PON2, a multifunctional enzyme implicated in antiapoptotic mechanisms. Aberrant PON2 expression in oral cancers raises questions regarding its involvement in evading programmed cell death and treatment resistance. Patients with locally advanced disease were enrolled, and molecular analyses were undertaken on the collected tumor and normal tissues. Utilizing computational datasets, this study used in silico gene expression analysis, differential gene expression analysis in our patient cohort, survival analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis to unravel role of PON2 in disease prognosis. The results showed elevated PON2 levels in advanced tumor stages, correlating with factors such as tobacco exposure, higher tumor grade, and nodal metastasis. Survival analysis revealed prognostic relevance of PON2, with lower expression linked to extended survival rates. Gene set enrichment analysis identified pathways aiding in cancer metastasis influenced by PON2. This study underscores the significance of PON2 expression as a prognostic marker for oral malignancies, with increased expression associated with advanced disease stages. Understanding the molecular profile of the PON2 gene suggests its potential as a valuable biomarker for the management of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehta Vedant Kamal
- Department of Surgical OncologyManipal Comprehensive Cancer Care Centre, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnatakaIndia
| | - Rama Rao Damerla
- Department of Medical GeneticsKasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnatakaIndia
| | - Preetiparna Parida
- Department of Medical GeneticsKasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnatakaIndia
| | - Sanjiban Chakrabarty
- Department of Public Health and GenomicsManipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnatakaIndia
| | - Mahadev Rao
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Centre for Translational ResearchManipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnatakaIndia
| | - Naveena AN Kumar
- Department of Surgical OncologyManipal Comprehensive Cancer Care Centre, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnatakaIndia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gintoni I, Vassiliou S, Chrousos GP, Yapijakis C. Review of Disease-Specific microRNAs by Strategically Bridging Genetics and Epigenetics in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1578. [PMID: 37628629 PMCID: PMC10454361 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most prevalent human malignancies and a global health concern with a poor prognosis despite some therapeutic advances, highlighting the need for a better understanding of its molecular etiology. The genomic landscape of OSCC is well-established and recent research has focused on miRNAs, which regulate gene expression and may be useful non-invasive biomarkers or therapeutic targets. A plethora of findings regarding miRNA expression have been generated, posing challenges for the interpretation and identification of disease-specific molecules. Hence, we opted to identify the most important regulatory miRNAs by bridging genetics and epigenetics, focusing on the key genes implicated in OSCC development. Based on published reports, we have developed custom panels of fifteen major oncogenes and five major tumor suppressor genes. Following a miRNA/target gene interaction analysis and a comprehensive study of the literature, we selected the miRNA molecules which target the majority of these panels that have been reported to be downregulated or upregulated in OSCC, respectively. As a result, miR-34a-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-124-3p, miR-1-3p, and miR-16-5p appeared to be the most OSCC-specific. Their expression patterns, verified targets, and the signaling pathways affected by their dysregulation in OSCC are thoroughly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iphigenia Gintoni
- Unit of Orofacial Genetics, 1st Department of Pediatrics, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cephalogenetics Center, 176 72 Athens, Greece
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, 124 62 Athens, Greece;
- University Research Institute for the Study of Genetic and Malignant Disorders in Childhood, Choremion Laboratory, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Stavros Vassiliou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, 124 62 Athens, Greece;
| | - George P. Chrousos
- University Research Institute for the Study of Genetic and Malignant Disorders in Childhood, Choremion Laboratory, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Christos Yapijakis
- Unit of Orofacial Genetics, 1st Department of Pediatrics, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cephalogenetics Center, 176 72 Athens, Greece
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, 124 62 Athens, Greece;
- University Research Institute for the Study of Genetic and Malignant Disorders in Childhood, Choremion Laboratory, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li Q, Tie Y, Alu A, Ma X, Shi H. Targeted therapy for head and neck cancer: signaling pathways and clinical studies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:31. [PMID: 36646686 PMCID: PMC9842704 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01297-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is malignant, genetically complex and difficult to treat and is the sixth most frequent cancer, with tobacco, alcohol and human papillomavirus being major risk factors. Based on epigenetic data, HNC is remarkably heterogeneous, and treatment remains challenging. There is a lack of significant improvement in survival and quality of life in patients with HNC. Over half of HNC patients experience locoregional recurrence or distal metastasis despite the current multiple traditional therapeutic strategies and immunotherapy. In addition, resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and some targeted therapies is common. Therefore, it is urgent to explore more effective and tolerable targeted therapies to improve the clinical outcomes of HNC patients. Recent targeted therapy studies have focused on identifying promising biomarkers and developing more effective targeted therapies. A well understanding of the pathogenesis of HNC contributes to learning more about its inner association, which provides novel insight into the development of small molecule inhibitors. In this review, we summarized the vital signaling pathways and discussed the current potential therapeutic targets against critical molecules in HNC, as well as presenting preclinical animal models and ongoing or completed clinical studies about targeted therapy, which may contribute to a more favorable prognosis of HNC. Targeted therapy in combination with other therapies and its limitations were also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingfang Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Tie
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aqu Alu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Huashan Shi
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mori T. Involvement of the p53-p16/RB pathway control mechanism in early-stage carcinogenesis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Pathol Int 2022; 72:577-588. [PMID: 36218243 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma develops through a heterogeneous process involving human papillomavirus infection, smoking, and alcohol consumption. A comprehensive genomic analysis of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas to date has identified a few single driver gene mutations, the most frequent of which involve TP53 and CDKN2A/p16. To investigate the involvement of the tumorigenesis mechanism in early-stage carcinogenesis, HPV-derived genomes E6 and E7, which are carcinogens, and stem/progenitor-associated, polycomb (PcG) genes Bmi1 and TERT were induced into human stromal cells and immortalized as the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma model. We found that Bmi1 suppressed both the p16INK4a and p16/Rb-p53 pathway cross-talks. The E7 group showed that endogenous p53 is highly expressed and eludes chromosome number aberration, even on long-term observation. Bmi1 was predominantly expressed in early head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and PcG was essential in early cancer development. Additionally, TP53 whole exon analysis revealed categories useful for estimating malignant potential, such as poor prognosis and high recurrence at the transection site. Therefore, understanding the p53-p16/RB pathway in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is an essential factor to elucidate the early carcinogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Mori
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Renu K, Vinayagam S, Veeraraghavan VP, Mukherjee AG, Wanjari UR, Prabakaran DS, Ganesan R, Dey A, Vellingiri B, Kandasamy S, Ramanathan G, Doss C GP, George A, Gopalakrishnan AV. Molecular Crosstalk between the Immunological Mechanism of the Tumor Microenvironment and Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Oral Cancer. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091490. [PMID: 36146567 PMCID: PMC9504083 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is a significant non-communicable disease affecting both emergent nations and developed countries. Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck represent the eight major familiar cancer types worldwide, accounting for more than 350,000 established cases every year. Oral cancer is one of the most exigent tumors to control and treat. The survival rate of oral cancer is poor due to local invasion along with recurrent lymph node metastasis. The tumor microenvironment contains a different population of cells, such as fibroblasts associated with cancer, immune-infiltrating cells, and other extracellular matrix non-components. Metastasis in a primary site is mainly due to multifaceted progression known as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). For the period of EMT, epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal cell functional and structural characteristics, which lead to cell migration enhancement and promotion of the dissemination of tumor cells. The present review links the tumor microenvironment and the role of EMT in inflammation, transcriptional factors, receptor involvement, microRNA, and other signaling events. It would, in turn, help to better understand the mechanism behind the tumor microenvironment and EMT during oral cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (K.R.); (A.V.G.)
| | - Sathishkumar Vinayagam
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Postgraduate and Research Studies, Periyar University, Dharmapuri 635205, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D. S. Prabakaran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous), Srivilliputhur Main Road, Sivakasi 626124, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sabariswaran Kandasamy
- Institute of Energy Research, Jiangsu University, No 301, Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Gnanasambandan Ramanathan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - George Priya Doss C
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alex George
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur 680005, Kerala, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (K.R.); (A.V.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sharma V, Kumar D, Kumar S, Singh H, Sharma N, Gupta S. Impact of tobacco smoking on oral cancer genetics-A next-generation sequencing perspective. IMETA 2022; 1:e44. [PMID: 38868711 PMCID: PMC10989814 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
This study identified a total of 28 genetic loci (comprising 31 genes), which were found to be altered in oral cancer patients having a habit of tobacco smoking. Three loci, that is, 17p13.1 (TP53), 9p21.3 (CDKN2A), and 9q34.3 (NOTCH1) were found to be modified and common in three records whereas one locus, that is, 3q26.32 (PIK3CA) was found to be modified and common in two records. This study suggests that oral cancer patients should be categorized into different subgroups based on (i) genetic signatures, and (ii) smoking status, then the treatment strategies for each group should be precisely defined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishwas Sharma
- Division of CytopathologyICMR—National Institute of Cancer Prevention and ResearchNoidaUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- WHO FCTC Global Knowledge Hub on Smokeless TobaccoICMR‐ National Institute of Cancer Prevention and ResearchNoidaUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Shravan Kumar
- WHO FCTC Global Knowledge Hub on Smokeless TobaccoICMR‐ National Institute of Cancer Prevention and ResearchNoidaUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Indian Council of Medical ResearchInformatics, Systems & Research Management (ISRM)New DelhiIndia
| | - Naveen Sharma
- Biomedical Informatics DivisionIndian Council of Medical ResearchNew DelhiIndia
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Division of CytopathologyICMR—National Institute of Cancer Prevention and ResearchNoidaUttar PradeshIndia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ramachandhiran D, Sankaranarayanan C, Murali R, Babukumar S, Vinothkumar V. β-Caryophyllene promotes oxidative stress and apoptosis in KB cells through activation of mitochondrial-mediated pathway - An in-vitro and in-silico study. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:148-162. [PMID: 31583906 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1669057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Beta-caryophyllene (BCP), are natural bicyclic sesquiterpenes which are present in numerous plants worldwide. BCP has antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal properties. Here, we studied its anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic effects. Cells treated with BCP, in a dose-dependent manner, exhibited morphological changes, showed lower cell growth, underwent apoptosis and lost the ability to metastasis through the suppression of NF-ҡ B via PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. These results elucidate that the inhibition of NF-ҡ B and PI3K/AKT is one of the most important mechanism by which BCP suppresses cancer cell proliferation and enhances apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duraisamy Ramachandhiran
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
| | | | - Raju Murali
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Biochemistry, Government Arts College For Women, Krishnagiri, India
| | - Sukumar Babukumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
| | - Veerasamy Vinothkumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shan Q, Takabatake K, Omori H, Kawai H, Oo MW, Nakano K, Ibaragi S, Sasaki A, Nagatsuka H. Stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment promote the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2021; 59:72. [PMID: 34368860 PMCID: PMC8360621 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) can influence the progression of multiple types of cancer; however, data on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are limited. In the present study, the effects of verrucous squamous cell carcinoma-associated stromal cells (VSCC-SCs), squamous cell carcinoma-associated stromal cells (SCC-SCs) and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) on the tumor nest formation, proliferation, invasion and migration of HSC-3 cells were examined in vitro using Giemsa staining, MTS, and Transwell (invasion and migration) assays, respectively. The results revealed that both the VSCC-SCs and SCC-SCs inhibited the tumor nest formation, and promoted the proliferation, invasion and migration of OSCC cells in vitro. Furthermore, the effects of VSCC-SCs, SCC-SCs and HDFs on the differentiation, proliferation, invasion and migration of OSCC cells in vivo were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, immunohistochemistry and double-fluorescent immunohistochemical staining, respectively. The results demonstrated that the VSCC-SCs promoted the differentiation, proliferation, invasion and migration of OSCC cells, while the SCC-SCs inhibited the differentiation, and promoted the proliferation, invasion and migration of OSCC cells in vivo. Finally, microarray data were used to predict genes in VSCC-SCs and SCC-SCs that may influence the progression of OSCC, and those with potential to influence the differential effects of VSCC-SCs and SCC-SCs on the differentiation of OSCC. It was found that C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)8, mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) may be involved in the crosstalk between VSCC-SCs, SCC-SCs and OSCC cells, which regulates the progression of OSCC. Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1), interleukin (IL)1B, Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit (FOS), bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), insulin (INS) and nerve growth factor (NGF) may be responsible for the differential effects of VSCC-SCs and SCC-SCs on the differentiation of OSCC. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that both VSCC-SCs and SCC-SCs may promote the progression of OSCC, and SCC-SCs were found to exert a more prominent promoting effect; this may represent a potential regulatory mechanism for the progression of OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiusheng Shan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita‑ku, Okayama 700‑8525, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Takabatake
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita‑ku, Okayama 700‑8525, Japan
| | - Haruka Omori
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita‑ku, Okayama 700‑8525, Japan
| | - Hotaka Kawai
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita‑ku, Okayama 700‑8525, Japan
| | - May Wathone Oo
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita‑ku, Okayama 700‑8525, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakano
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita‑ku, Okayama 700‑8525, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ibaragi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita‑ku, Okayama 700‑8525, Japan
| | - Akira Sasaki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita‑ku, Okayama 700‑8525, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nagatsuka
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita‑ku, Okayama 700‑8525, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Moura ACD, Assad DX, Amorim Dos Santos J, Porto de Toledo I, Barra GB, Castilho RM, Squarize CH, Guerra ENS. Worldwide prevalence of PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway mutations in head and neck cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 160:103284. [PMID: 33675910 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis were conducted to determine the prevalence of PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway mutations in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). Overall, 105 studies comprising 8630 patients and 1306 mutations were selected. The estimated mutations prevalence was 13 % for PIK3CA (95 % confidence interval [CI] = 11-14; I2 = 82 %; p < 0.0001), 4% for PTEN (95 % CI = 3-5; I2 = 55 %; p < 0.0001), 3% for MTOR (95 % CI = 2-4; I2 = 5%; p = 0.40), and 2% for AKT (95 % CI = 1-2; I2 = 50 %; p = 0.0001). We further stratified the available data of the participants according to risk factors and tumor characteristics, including HPV infection, tobacco use, alcohol exposure, TNM stage, and histological tumor differentiation, and performed subgroup analysis. We identified significant associations between PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway-associated mutations and advanced TNM stage (odds ratio [OR] = 0.20; 95 % CI = 0.09-0.44; I² = 71 %; p = 0.0001) and oropharyngeal HPV-positive tumors and PIK3CA mutations (OR = 17.48; 95 % CI = 4.20-72.76; I² = 69 %; p < 0.0002). No associations were found between alcohol and tobacco exposure, and tumor differentiation grade. This SR demonstrated that the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway emerges as a potential prognostic factor and could offer a molecular basis for future studies on therapeutic targeting in HNC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Castelo de Moura
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; Hospital Universitário de Brasília (HUB-UnB/Ebserh), Brasília, DF, Brazil; Hospital Santa Lúcia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Daniele Xavier Assad
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Juliana Amorim Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Isabela Porto de Toledo
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Barcelos Barra
- Sabin Medicina Diagnóstica, SAAN Quadra 03 Lotes 145/185, Brasília, 70632-340, DF, Brazil
| | - Rogerio Moraes Castilho
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Division of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry. Ann Arbor, 48109-1078, MI, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, MI, USA
| | - Cristiane Helena Squarize
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Division of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry. Ann Arbor, 48109-1078, MI, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, MI, USA
| | - Eliete Neves Silva Guerra
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Division of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry. Ann Arbor, 48109-1078, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Akbari Dilmaghani N, Safaroghli-Azar A, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Bashash D. The PI3K/Akt/mTORC signaling axis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Possibilities for therapeutic interventions either as single agents or in combination with conventional therapies. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:618-642. [PMID: 33476088 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The latest advances in the sequencing methods in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tissues have revolutionized our understanding of the disease by taking off the veil from the most frequent genetic alterations in the components of the oncogenic pathways. Among all the identified alterations, aberrancies in the genes attributed to the phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) axis have attracted special attention as they were altered in more than 90% of the tissues isolated from HNSCC patients. In fact, the association between these aberrancies and the increased risk of cancer metastasis suggested this axis as an "Achilles Heel" of HNSCC, which may be therapeutically targeted. The results of the clinical trials investigating the therapeutic potential of the inhibitors targeting the components of the PI3K axis in the treatment of HNSCC patients, either alone or in a combined-modal strategy, opened a new chapter in the treatment strategy of this malignancy. The present study aimed to review the importance of the PI3K axis in the pathogenesis of HNSCC and also provide a piece of information about the breakthroughs and challenges of PI3K inhibitors in the therapeutic strategies of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nader Akbari Dilmaghani
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Loghman Hakim Educational Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ava Safaroghli-Azar
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Starzyńska A, Sejda A, Adamska P, Marvaso G, Sakowicz-Burkiewicz M, Adamski Ł, Jereczek-Fossa BA. Prognostic value of the PIK3CA, AKT, and PTEN mutations in oral squamous cell carcinoma: literature review. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:207-217. [PMID: 33488873 PMCID: PMC7811327 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.100780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 260,000 (2013) new oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cases are reported annually worldwide. Despite development in OSCC management, the outcome is still unsatisfactory. Identification of new molecular markers may be of use in prevention, prognosis, and choice of an appropriate therapy. The intracellular molecular signalling pathway of phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase is involved in the process of cell growth, differentiation, migration, and survival. The main components of this pathway: PIK3CA (phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate-3-kinase catalytic subunit α), PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10), and AKT (serine-threonine kinase) are potential objects of research when introducing new therapeutic agents. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the PIK3CA, PTEN, and AKT gene mutations as prognostic factors in OSCC and to describe their role in aggressive disease progression. This is crucial for oral cancer biology understanding and for indicating which direction new clinical treatments should take.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Starzyńska
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Sejda
- Department of Pathomorphology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Paulina Adamska
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Giulia Marvaso
- Department of Radiotherapy, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Łukasz Adamski
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Barbara A. Jereczek-Fossa
- Department of Radiotherapy, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Genetic alterations and clinical dimensions of oral cancer: a review. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9135-9148. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05927-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
14
|
Shetty SS, Sharma M, Fonseca FP, Jayaram P, Tanwar AS, Kabekkodu SP, Kapaettu S, Radhakrishnan R. Signaling pathways promoting epithelial mesenchymal transition in oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2020; 56:97-108. [PMID: 32874377 PMCID: PMC7452314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical process that occurs during the embryonic development, wound healing, organ fibrosis and the onset of malignancy. Emerging evidence suggests that the EMT is involved in the invasion and metastasis of cancers. The inflammatory reaction antecedent to fibrosis in the onset of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and the role of EMT in its malignant transformation indicates a hitherto unexplored involvement of EMT. This review focuses on the role of EMT markers which are regulators of the EMT mediated complex network of molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of OSF and OSCC. Further the gene enrichment analysis and pathway analysis supports the association of the upregulated and downregulated genes in various EMT regulating pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Sammith Shetty
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Mohit Sharma
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad 121004, India
| | - Felipe Paiva Fonseca
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pradyumna Jayaram
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Ankit Singh Tanwar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Satyamoorthy Kapaettu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Raghu Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gunerka P, Gala K, Banach M, Dominowski J, Hucz-Kalitowska J, Mulewski K, Hajnal A, Mikus EG, Smuga D, Zagozda M, Dubiel K, Pieczykolan J, Zygmunt BM, Wieczorek M. Preclinical characterization of CPL302-253, a selective inhibitor of PI3Kδ, as the candidate for the inhalatory treatment and prevention of Asthma. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236159. [PMID: 32702053 PMCID: PMC7377474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease. Although effective asthma therapies are available, part of asthmatic population do not respond to these treatment options. In this work we present the result of development of CPL302-253 molecule, a selective PI3Kδ inhibitor. This molecule is intended to be a preclinical candidate for dry powder inhalation in asthma treatment. Studies we performed showed that this molecule is safe and effective PI3Kδ inhibitor that can impact many immune functions. We developed a short, 15-day HDM induced asthma mouse model, in which we showed that CPL302-253 is able to block inflammatory processes leading to asthma development in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Gunerka
- CelonPharma Innovative Drugs Research & Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Lomianki, Poland
| | - Kamila Gala
- CelonPharma Innovative Drugs Research & Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Lomianki, Poland
| | - Martyna Banach
- CelonPharma Innovative Drugs Research & Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Lomianki, Poland
| | - Jakub Dominowski
- CelonPharma Innovative Drugs Research & Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Lomianki, Poland
| | - Joanna Hucz-Kalitowska
- CelonPharma Innovative Drugs Research & Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Lomianki, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Mulewski
- CelonPharma Innovative Drugs Research & Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Lomianki, Poland
| | - Agnes Hajnal
- LabMagister Training and Science Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Endre G. Mikus
- LabMagister Training and Science Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Damian Smuga
- CelonPharma Innovative Drugs Research & Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Lomianki, Poland
| | - Marcin Zagozda
- CelonPharma Innovative Drugs Research & Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Lomianki, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Dubiel
- CelonPharma Innovative Drugs Research & Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Lomianki, Poland
| | - Jerzy Pieczykolan
- CelonPharma Innovative Drugs Research & Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Lomianki, Poland
| | - Beata M. Zygmunt
- CelonPharma Innovative Drugs Research & Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Lomianki, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Maciej Wieczorek
- CelonPharma Innovative Drugs Research & Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Lomianki, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dwivedi R, Pandey R, Chandra S, Mehrotra D. Apoptosis and genes involved in oral cancer - a comprehensive review. Oncol Rev 2020; 14:472. [PMID: 32685111 PMCID: PMC7365992 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2020.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancers needs relentless research due to high mortality and morbidity associated with it. Despite of the comparable ease in accessibility to these sites, more than 2/3rd cases are diagnosed in advanced stages. Molecular/genetic studies augment clinical assessment, classification and prediction of malignant potential of oral lesions, thereby reducing its incidence and increasing the scope for early diagnosis and treatment of oral cancers. Herein we aim to review the role of apoptosis and genes associated with it in oral cancer development in order to aid in early diagnosis, prediction of malignant potential and evaluation of possible treatment targets in oral cancer. An internet-based search was done with key words apoptosis, genes, mutations, targets and analysis to extract 72 articles after considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. The knowledge of genetics and genomics of oral cancer is of utmost need in order to stop the rising prevalence of oral cancer. Translational approach and interventions at the early stage of oral cancer, targeted destruction of cancerous cells by silencing or promoting involved genes should be the ideal intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Dwivedi
- DHR-MRU & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Pandey
- DHR-MRU & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shaleen Chandra
- DHR-MRU & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Divya Mehrotra
- DHR-MRU & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
García-Carracedo D, Cai Y, Qiu W, Saeki K, Friedman RA, Lee A, Li Y, Goldberg EM, Stratikopoulos EE, Parsons R, Lu C, Efstratiadis A, Philipone EM, Yoon AJ, Su GH. PIK3CA and p53 Mutations Promote 4NQO-Initated Head and Neck Tumor Progression and Metastasis in Mice. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:822-834. [PMID: 32152233 PMCID: PMC7272268 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The PI3K signaling pathway is frequently mutated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), often via gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in the PIK3CA gene. Here, we present novel genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) carrying a GOF allele Loxp-STOP-Loxp(LSL)-PIK3CAH1047R (E20) alone or in combination with heterozygous LSL-p53+/R172H (p53) mutation with tissue-specific expression to interrogate the role of oncogenic PIK3CA in transformation of upper aerodigestive track epithelium. We demonstrated that the GOF PIK3CA mutation promoted progression of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide-induced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in both E20 single mutant and E20/p53 double mutant mice, with frequent distal metastasis detected only in E20/p53 GEMM. Similar to in human OSCC, loss of p16 was associated with progression of OSCC in these mice. RNA-seq analyses revealed that among the common genes differentially expressed in primary OSCC cell lines derived from E20, p53, and E20/p53 GEMMs compared with those from the wild-type mice, genes associated with proliferation and cell cycle were predominantly represented, which is consistent with the progressive loss of p16 detected in these GEMMs. Importantly, all of these OSCC primary cell lines exhibited enhanced sensitivity to BYL719 and cisplatin combination treatment in comparison with cisplatin alone in vitro and in vivo, regardless of p53 and/or p16 status. Given the prevalence of mutations in p53 and the PI3K pathways in HNSCC in conjunction with loss of p16 genetically or epigenetically, this universal increased sensitivity to cisplatin and BYL719 combination therapy in cancer cells with PIK3CA mutation represents an opportunity to a subset of patients with HNSCC. IMPLICATIONS: Our results suggest that combination therapy of cisplatin and PI3K inhibitor may be worthy of consideration in patients with HNSCC with PIK3CA mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darío García-Carracedo
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Yi Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Wanglong Qiu
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Kiyoshi Saeki
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Richard A Friedman
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Andrew Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Yinglu Li
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Elizabeth M Goldberg
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Elias E Stratikopoulos
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ramon Parsons
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Elizabeth M Philipone
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Angela J Yoon
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Gloria H Su
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Osthole induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by suppressing the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 316:108934. [PMID: 31870840 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common lethal tumors with a high recurrence rate and low survival rate. Therefore, an urgent need exists for novel and effective treatment strategies for HNSCC patients. METHODS Osthole, a natural ingredient extracted from Cnidium monnieri (L.) 'Cusson', has multiple pharmacological effects including antineoplastic activity. Regrettably, the antineoplastic effect of osthole in HNSCC cells remains undefined. We utilize in vitro assays to assess the anti-proliferative effects of osthole in HNSCC cells and tumorigenesis assays using FaDu cells in murine HNSCC models to assess in vivo function. Moreover, the possible molecular mechanisms of Osthole on HNSCC cells was also investigated. RESULTS Our findings show that the anti-proliferation effect of osthole might function through induction of cell cycle arrest (G2/M phase) and apoptosis in HNSCC. Osthole could also down-regulating the protein level of cell cycle and apoptosis related proteins, such as Bcl-2, PARP1, Survivin, CyclinB1 and Cdc2, while up-regulating expression of Cleaved Caspase3/9, Cleaved PARP1 and Bax. Similarly, osthole suppressed the in vivo growth of FaDu cells in a subcutaneous tumor model. In terms of mechanism, our data show that osthole can suppress the PI3K/AKT pathway. CONCLUSIONS In the current study, our in vitro and in vivo assay showed the suppressive effect of Osthole on HNSCC cells through induce cell cycle arrest (G2/M phase) and apoptosis. Moreover, the action mechanisms of Osthole on proliferation related signaling pathways was disclosed. Our present study suggests that osthole might be used as an effective therapeutic agent for patients with HNSCC.
Collapse
|
19
|
Chaves FN, Bezerra TMM, Moraes DC, Costa SFDS, Silva PGB, Alves APNN, Costa FWG, Bernardes VF, Pereira KMA. Loss of heterozygosity and immunoexpression of PTEN in oral epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 112:104341. [PMID: 31730755 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.104341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) is a risk factor for developing subsequent oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) profiles have been validated as risk predictors of malignant transformation of OED. It is still unclear if Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) allelic loss also occurs in initial stage malignant lesions and if the allelic loss is involved as one of the mechanisms of oral carcinogenesis. Thus, this study objective investigate LOH of PTEN gene and the immunohistochemical expression of the protein in OED and OSCC samples. MATERIAL AND METHODS Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of 19 OEDs and 16 OSCCs were included to immunohistochemistry and LOH analysis. Two polymorphic microsatellite markers (AFMA086WG9 and D10S1765) located in chromosome 10 were used in this study for LOH analysis. For immunohistochemical analysis, 5 random fields with 400× magnification were evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively in epithelial and neoplastic cells. RESULTS AFMA086WG9 marker only demonstrated LOH in OEDs cases (10.5%). D10S1765 marker demonstrated LOH in 57.2% of OEDs and 50% of OSCCs. Higher nuclear immunostaining was detected in cases of OSCCs when compared to OEDs (p < .001) and there was strong cytoplasmic immunoexpression in OSCCs (p < .045). CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that the allelic loss of PTEN is present in premalignant oral lesions and OSCCs, however the LOH of PTEN does not seems to influence its protein expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Nobre Chaves
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará Campus Sobral, Sobral, Brazil
| | | | - Debora Chaves Moraes
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sara Ferreira Dos Santos Costa
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Paulo Goberlanio Barros Silva
- Department of Dental Clinic, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Wildson Gurgel Costa
- Department of Dental Clinic, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Fátima Bernardes
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Moraes JKD, Wagner VP, Fonseca FP, Amaral‐Silva GKD, de Farias CB, Pilar EFS, Gregianin L, Roesler R, Vargas PA, Martins MD. Activation of BDNF/TrkB/Akt pathway is associated with aggressiveness and unfavorable survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Dis 2019; 25:1925-1936. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Kern de Moraes
- Department of Oral Diagnosis Piracicaba Dental School University of Campinas Piracicaba Brazil
| | - Vivian Petersen Wagner
- Department of Oral Diagnosis Piracicaba Dental School University of Campinas Piracicaba Brazil
| | - Felipe Paiva Fonseca
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology School of Dentistry Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | | | - Caroline Brunetto de Farias
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory Experimental Research Center Porto Alegre Clinical Hospital Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
- Children’s Cancer Institute Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Emily Ferreira Salles Pilar
- Experimental Pathology Unit Clinics Hospital of Porto Alegre Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Lauro Gregianin
- Children’s Cancer Institute Porto Alegre Brazil
- Pediatric Oncology Service Clinical Hospital Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Rafael Roesler
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory Experimental Research Center Porto Alegre Clinical Hospital Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
- Children’s Cancer Institute Porto Alegre Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology Institute for Basic Health Sciences Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Pablo Agustin Vargas
- Department of Oral Diagnosis Piracicaba Dental School University of Campinas Piracicaba Brazil
| | - Manoela Domingues Martins
- Department of Oral Diagnosis Piracicaba Dental School University of Campinas Piracicaba Brazil
- Experimental Pathology Unit Clinics Hospital of Porto Alegre Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
- Department of Oral Pathology School of Dentistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Oridonin inhibits oral cancer growth and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 100:226-232. [PMID: 29432993 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Oridonin, a bioactive diterpenoid purified from Rabdosia rubescens, has been shown to possess anticancer capacity in several cancer types. However, its effects on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the anticancer ability of oridonin in OSCC cells, including proliferation, apoptosis and underlying mechanisms using the OSCC cell lines, UM1 and SCC25. The results showed that oridonin not only inhibited proliferation and clonal formation but also induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in UM1 and SCC25 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot revealed that oridonin treatment increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, and activated the cleavage of caspase-3, caspase-9 and PARP-1. Oridonin also induced G2/M phase arrest in OSCC cells via down-regulating the G2/M transition-related proteins such as cyclin B1 or up-regulating cyclin D1, cyclin D3, P21, p-CDK1 and cyclin A2. In addition, oridonin treatment significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt and inhibited tumor growth of OSCC xenograft in nude mice. Taken together, these results suggested that oridonin possesses anti-oral cancer capacity via inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling and induce apoptosis and G2/M-phase arrest. Therefore, oridonin may be a potential anticancer drug for the treatment of oral cancer.
Collapse
|
22
|
Miyahara LAN, Pontes FSC, Burbano RMR, Conte Neto N, Guimarães DM, Fonseca FP, Pontes HAR. PTENallelic loss is an important mechanism in the late stage of development of oral leucoplakia into oral squamous cell carcinoma. Histopathology 2017; 72:330-338. [DOI: 10.1111/his.13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ligia A N Miyahara
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Semiology and Oral Pathology Areas; Piracicaba Dental School; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); São Paulo Brazil
| | - Flávia S C Pontes
- João de Barros; Barreto University Hospital (HUJBB); Federal University of Pará (UFPA); Pará Brazil
| | - Rommel M R Burbano
- João de Barros; Barreto University Hospital (HUJBB); Federal University of Pará (UFPA); Pará Brazil
| | - Nicolau Conte Neto
- João de Barros; Barreto University Hospital (HUJBB); Federal University of Pará (UFPA); Pará Brazil
| | - Douglas M Guimarães
- João de Barros; Barreto University Hospital (HUJBB); Federal University of Pará (UFPA); Pará Brazil
| | - Felipe P Fonseca
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology; School of Dentistry; Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG); Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Hélder A R Pontes
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Semiology and Oral Pathology Areas; Piracicaba Dental School; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); São Paulo Brazil
- João de Barros; Barreto University Hospital (HUJBB); Federal University of Pará (UFPA); Pará Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sharma V, Nandan A, Sharma AK, Singh H, Bharadwaj M, Sinha DN, Mehrotra R. Signature of genetic associations in oral cancer. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317725923. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317725923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vishwas Sharma
- Department of Health Research, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR), Noida, India
| | - Amrita Nandan
- Society for Life Science and Human Health, Allahabad, India
| | - Amitesh Kumar Sharma
- Data Management Laboratory, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR), Noida, India
- Department of Bioinformatics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Data Management Laboratory, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR), Noida, India
- Department of Bioinformatics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Mausumi Bharadwaj
- Department of Health Research, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR), Noida, India
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry
| | - Dhirendra Narain Sinha
- WHO FCTC Global Knowledge Hub on Smokeless Tobacco, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR), Noida, India
| | - Ravi Mehrotra
- Department of Health Research, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR), Noida, India
- Data Management Laboratory, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR), Noida, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Antitumor activity of the dual PI3K/MTOR inhibitor, PF-04691502, in combination with radiation in head and neck cancer. Radiother Oncol 2017; 124:504-512. [PMID: 28823407 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains a clinical challenge where new treatments are required to supplement the current-standard-of care of concurrent chemoradiation. The PI3K/AKT/MTOR pathway has been identified from several next generation DNA sequencing studies to be commonly altered and activated in HNSCC. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study we investigated the activity of PF-04691502, an orally active ATP-competitive, dual inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR, in combination with a clinically relevant fractionated radiation treatment in two contrasting, well characterized, low passage HNSCC models. RESULTS We found that PF-04691502 combined synergistically with radiation in the UT-SCC-14 model derived from a primary cancer but was ineffective in the UT-SCC-15 model which was derived from a nodal recurrence. Further examination of the status of key signaling pathways combined with next generation DNA sequencing of a panel of 160 cancer-associated genes revealed crucial differences between the two models that could account for the differential effect. The UT-SCC-15 cell line was characterized by a higher mutational burden, an excess of variants in the PI3K/AKT/MTOR pathway, increased constitutive activity of PI3K, AKT1 and 2 and MTOR and an inability to inhibit key phosphorylation events in response to the treatments. CONCLUSION This study clearly highlights the promise of agents such as PF-04691502 in selected HNSCCs but also emphasizes the need for molecular characterization and alternative treatment strategies in non-responsive HNSCCs.
Collapse
|
25
|
Pałasz P, Adamski Ł, Górska-Chrząstek M, Starzyńska A, Studniarek M. Contemporary Diagnostic Imaging of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma - A Review of Literature. Pol J Radiol 2017; 82:193-202. [PMID: 28439324 PMCID: PMC5391802 DOI: 10.12659/pjr.900892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common cancer of the oral cavity and constitutes 95% of all cancers of this area. Men are affected twice as commonly as women, primarily if they are over 50 years of age. Forty percent of the lesions are localized in the tongue and 30% in the floor of the oral cavity. OSCC often affects upper and lower gingiva, buccal mucous membrane, the retromolar triangle and the palate. The prognosis is poor and the five-year survival rate ranges from 20% (OSCC in the floor of the mouth) to 60% (OSCC in the alveolar part of the mandible). Treatment is difficult, because of the localization and the invasiveness of the available methods. The diagnosis is made based on a histopathological examination of a biopsy sample. The low detection rate of early oral SCC is a considerable clinical issue. Although the oral cavity can be easily examined, in the majority of cases oral SCC is diagnosed in its late stages. It is difficult to diagnose metastases in local lymph nodes and distant organs, which is important for planning the scope of resection and further treatment, graft implantation, and differentiation between reactive and metastatic lymph nodes as well as between disease recurrence and scars or adverse reactions after surgery or radiation therapy. Imaging studies are performed as part of the routine work-up in oral SCC. However, it is difficult to interpret the results at the early stages of the disease. The following imaging methods are used – dental radiographs, panoramic radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion-weighted and dynamic sequences, perfusion computed tomography, cone beam computed tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, hybrid methods (PET/CT, PET/MRI, SPECT/CT) and ultrasound. Some important clinical problems can be resolved with the use of novel modalities such as MRI with ADC sequences and PET. The aim of this article is to describe oral squamous cell carcinoma as it appears in different imaging methods considering both their advantages and limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Pałasz
- Department of Stomatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.,Department of Radiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Łukasz Adamski
- Department of Stomatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.,Department of Radiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Anna Starzyńska
- Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Studniarek
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.,Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Al-Amri AM, Vatte C, Cyrus C, Chathoth S, Hashim TM, Mohamed YS, Al Ali R, Alsaid A, Al Ali A. Novel mutations of PIK3CA gene in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2016; 16:377-83. [PMID: 26889984 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HNSCC is the sixth most common human cancer globally. In Saudi Arabia, HNSCC accounts for seven percent of all newly diagnosed cancer cases. The PIK3CA is one of the most commonly mutated oncogene in human malignancies, including HNSCC. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to identify mutations in exon 9 and exon 20 of the PIK3CA gene among Saudi HNSCC patients, determine the frequency of these mutations and correlate with clinical and pathological findings. METHODS Histopathologically confirmed paraffin embedded HNSCC tumor tissues from 48 patients were obtained. Capillary sequencing method was used to sequence exons 9 and 20 of the PIK3CA gene. Concurrently, the expression analysis of the PIK3CA and PTEN genes were performed using real-time PCR. RESULTS Sixty percent of the samples studied were of pharyngeal cancer. A total of seven mutations were identified in exons 9 and 20 of the PIK3CA gene in 14 HNSCC tumor tissue specimens. The seven mutations encompassed one hot spot mutation E542K, a common mutation T1025T and the five novel mutation comprising three missense and two silent mutations. Interestingly, eight out of the 14 samples with a mutation were of patients with pharyngeal cancer. CONCLUSION PIK3CA gene plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis in general and HNSCC in particular. The identification of five novel mutations suggest that Saudis may have different frequencies of somatic genetic alterations that may influence HNSCC compared to other populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Al-Amri
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, University of Dammam, Al-Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Chittibabu Vatte
- Institute for Research & Medical Consultation, University of Dammam, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Cyril Cyrus
- Institute for Research & Medical Consultation, University of Dammam, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahanas Chathoth
- Institute for Research & Medical Consultation, University of Dammam, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Mohammad Hashim
- Department of Pathology, King Fahd Hospital of the University, University of Dammam, Al-Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yehia S Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dammam, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rudaynah Al Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, University of Dammam, Al-Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abir Alsaid
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, University of Dammam, Al-Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amein Al Ali
- Institute for Research & Medical Consultation, University of Dammam, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhou L, Jiang F, Chen X, Liu Z, Ouyang Y, Zhao W, Yu D. Downregulation of miR-221/222 by a microRNA sponge promotes apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells through upregulation of PTEN. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:4419-4426. [PMID: 28101204 PMCID: PMC5228168 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-221 and microRNA-222 (miR-221/222) have been identified as oncogenes and confirmed to be overexpressed in various types of cancer. However, the regulation mechanism of miR-221/222 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains to be fully elucidated. Previously, an miR-221/222 sponge was successfully constructed and its effect on the downregulation of miR-221/222 expression was investigated. In the present study, the dual luciferase reporter assay revealed a phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) deletion on chromosome 10 to be a target gene of miR-221/222. It was also demonstrated that miR-221/222 suppression by transfection with an miR-221/222 sponge in vitro resulted in upregulation of PTEN. Notably, the proliferation and invasiveness of the miR-221/222 sponge-transfected cells was significantly inhibited, while apoptosis was promoted, when determined by Cell Counting Kit-8, Transwell assays and flow cytometry. The results of the present study prove that miR-221/222 may downregulate the expression of PTEN in OSCC cells and function as oncogenes, providing a novel insight into the underlying mechanism of OSCC tumorigenesis. The present study suggests that upregulating the expression of PTEN by downregulation of miR-221/222 may be a potential treatment for OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhou
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China; Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Jiang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Xijuan Chen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Zifeng Liu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Ying Ouyang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Michmerhuizen NL, Birkeland AC, Bradford CR, Brenner JC. Genetic determinants in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and their influence on global personalized medicine. Genes Cancer 2016; 7:182-200. [PMID: 27551333 PMCID: PMC4979591 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
While sequencing studies have provided an improved understanding of the genetic landscape of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), there remains a significant lack of genetic data derived from non-Caucasian cohorts. Additionally, there is wide variation in HNSCC incidence and mortality worldwide both between and within various geographic regions. These epidemiologic differences are in part accounted for by varying exposure to environmental risk factors such as tobacco, alcohol, high risk human papilloma viruses and betel quid. However, inherent genetic factors may also play an important role in this variability. As limited sequencing data is available for many populations, the involvement of unique genetic factors in HNSCC pathogenesis from epidemiologically diverse groups is unknown. Here, we review current knowledge about the epidemiologic, environmental, and genetic variation in HNSCC cohorts globally and discuss future studies necessary to further our understanding of these differences. Long-term, a more complete understanding of the genetic drivers found in diverse HNSCC cohorts may help the development of personalized medicine protocols for patients with rare or complex genetic events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Michmerhuizen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew C Birkeland
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carol R Bradford
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J Chad Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shah S, Jajal D, Mishra G, Kalia K. Genetic profile ofPTENgene in Indian oral squamous cell carcinoma primary tumors. J Oral Pathol Med 2016; 46:106-111. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sejal Shah
- Lab #103B; BRD School of Biosciences; Sardar Patel University; Gujarat India
| | - Dhara Jajal
- Lab #103B; BRD School of Biosciences; Sardar Patel University; Gujarat India
| | - Girish Mishra
- Department of E N T; P. S. Medical College; Karamsad Gujarat India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Lab #103B; BRD School of Biosciences; Sardar Patel University; Gujarat India
- National Institute of Pharmaceuticals Education and Research (NIPER); Ahmedabad Gujarat India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Schmitt D, Funk N, Blum R, Asan E, Andersen L, Rülicke T, Sendtner M, Buchner E. Initial characterization of a Syap1 knock-out mouse and distribution of Syap1 in mouse brain and cultured motoneurons. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 146:489-512. [PMID: 27344443 PMCID: PMC5037158 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1457-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Synapse-associated protein 1 (Syap1/BSTA) is the mammalian homologue of Sap47 (synapse-associated protein of 47 kDa) in Drosophila. Sap47 null mutant larvae show reduced short-term synaptic plasticity and a defect in associative behavioral plasticity. In cultured adipocytes, Syap1 functions as part of a complex that phosphorylates protein kinase Bα/Akt1 (Akt1) at Ser(473) and promotes differentiation. The role of Syap1 in the vertebrate nervous system is unknown. Here, we generated a Syap1 knock-out mouse and show that lack of Syap1 is compatible with viability and fertility. Adult knock-out mice show no overt defects in brain morphology. In wild-type brain, Syap1 is found widely distributed in synaptic neuropil, notably in regions rich in glutamatergic synapses, but also in perinuclear structures associated with the Golgi apparatus of specific groups of neuronal cell bodies. In cultured motoneurons, Syap1 is located in axons and growth cones and is enriched in a perinuclear region partially overlapping with Golgi markers. We studied in detail the influence of Syap1 knockdown and knockout on structure and development of these cells. Importantly, Syap1 knockout does not affect motoneuron survival or axon growth. Unexpectedly, neither knockdown nor knockout of Syap1 in cultured motoneurons is associated with reduced Ser(473) or Thr(308) phosphorylation of Akt. Our findings demonstrate a widespread expression of Syap1 in the mouse central nervous system with regionally specific distribution patterns as illustrated in particular for olfactory bulb, hippocampus, and cerebellum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Schmitt
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Funk
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Blum
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Esther Asan
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lill Andersen
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Sendtner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Erich Buchner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Shalmon B, Drendel M, Wolf M, Hirshberg A, Cohen Y. Mutational analysis of PI3K/AKT and RAS/RAF pathway activation in malignant salivary gland tumours with a new mutation of PIK3CA. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 45:721-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
32
|
Genetic alterations of the PIK3CA oncogene in human oral squamous cell carcinoma in an Indian population. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2015; 120:628-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
33
|
Archewa P, Pata S, Chotjumlong P, Supanchart C, Krisanaprakornkit S, Iamaroon A. Akt2 and p-Akt overexpression in oral cancer cells is due to a reduced rate of protein degradation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 8. [PMID: 26393327 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantitatively measure the increased expression of Akt2 and its phosphorylated form (p-Akt) in oral cancer cell lines and investigate the post-translational mechanism for Akt2 and p-Akt overexpression. METHODS Three oral cancer cell lines and three cell lines of primary human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) were cultured and the degrees of Akt2 and p-Akt expression was evaluated by immunoblot analysis and flow cytometry. Each cell line was incubated with cycloheximide, an inhibitor of new protein synthesis, for various times to quantitatively determine the remaining expression levels of Akt2 and p-Akt by flow cytometry. The localization of Akt2 and p-Akt was assessed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS The levels of Akt2 and p-Akt proteins were significantly higher in cancer cell lines than those in HOKs (P < 0.05). When the new protein synthesis was blocked by cycloheximide treatment, the degradation rate of Akt2 and p-Akt in oral cancer cells was significantly lower than that in HOKs (P < 0.05). Both Akt2 and p-Akt were more intensely stained in the cytoplasm of cancer cells, whereas HOKs expressed Akt2 and p-Akt only minimally. CONCLUSION Both Akt2 and p-Akt were overexpressed in oral cancer cells, which may be partly explained by a reduced rate of protein degradation in order to maintain high cytosolic levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prakasit Archewa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Supansa Pata
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pareena Chotjumlong
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chayarop Supanchart
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Suttichai Krisanaprakornkit
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anak Iamaroon
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nakashiro KI, Tanaka H, Goda H, Iwamoto K, Tokuzen N, Hara S, Onodera J, Fujimoto I, Hino S, Hamakawa H. Identification of Akt1 as a potent therapeutic target for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:1273-81. [PMID: 26315674 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogene addiction can provide therapeutic opportunities in human malignancies. In this study, we aimed to identify critical oncogenes for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) development and progression. We determined gene expression profiles in 10 primary OSCCs and 10 human OSCC cell lines using Applied Biosystems Human Genome Survey Arrays. Akt1 was the only gene identified that was expressed in all OSCC tissues and cultured cells, but not in non-neoplastic tissues and cells. Subsequently, western blot analysis showed that Akt1 protein was overexpressed in OSCC tissues and cell lines. Immunohistochemistry also showed Akt1 protein expression in 59 of 63 (94%) primary OSCCs. To clarify the oncogenic function of Akt1 in human OSCC cells, we used RNA interference. We designed and synthesized 5 small interfering RNAs specific for Akt1 (siAkt1). Transfecting human OSCC cells with siAkt1 in vitro markedly suppressed their expression of Akt1 protein and significantly reduced their growth rate. Furthermore, the growth of human OSCC tumors which had been subcutaneously xenografted in athymic nude mice lacking interferon responses was markedly inhibited by atelocollagen-mediated systemic siAkt1 administration. We also found that synthetic siAkt1 had an inhibitory effect on the growth of primary cultured OSCC cells. Finally, we investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in the growth inhibitory effect of Akt1 suppression using microarray analysis of human OSCC cells transfected with siAkt1. Knockdown of Akt1 induced the expression of CDKN2B, a tumor suppressor gene, and reduced the expression of TGFBR1, which supports malignant phenotypes. These results suggest that Akt1 functions as a critical oncogene in human OSCC cells and may therefore be an appropriate target for novel OSCC therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koh-Ichi Nakashiro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Goda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kazuki Iwamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Norihiko Tokuzen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shingo Hara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kochi Health Sciences Center, Kochi, Kochi, Japan
| | - Jun Onodera
- Koken Research Institute, Koken Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Hino
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hamakawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Er TK, Wang YY, Chen CC, Herreros-Villanueva M, Liu TC, Yuan SSF. Molecular characterization of oral squamous cell carcinoma using targeted next-generation sequencing. Oral Dis 2015; 21:872-8. [PMID: 26173098 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many genetic factors play an important role in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of this study was to assess the mutational profile in oral squamous cell carcinoma using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumors from a Taiwanese population by performing targeted sequencing of 26 cancer-associated genes that are frequently mutated in solid tumors. METHODS Next-generation sequencing was performed in 50 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor specimens obtained from patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Genetic alterations in the 26 cancer-associated genes were detected using a deep sequencing (>1000X) approach. RESULTS TP53, PIK3CA, MET, APC, CDH1, and FBXW7 were most frequently mutated genes. Most remarkably, TP53 mutations and PIK3CA mutations, which accounted for 68% and 18% of tumors, respectively, were more prevalent in a Taiwanese population. Other genes including MET (4%), APC (4%), CDH1 (2%), and FBXW7 (2%) were identified in our population. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study shows the feasibility of performing targeted sequencing using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples. Additionally, this study also reports the mutational landscape of oral squamous cell carcinoma in the Taiwanese population. We believe that this study will shed new light on fundamental aspects in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma and may aid in the development of new targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tze-Kiong Er
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yun Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chieh Chen
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Lipid and Glycomedicine Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Marta Herreros-Villanueva
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Donostia/Instituto Biodonostia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ta-Chih Liu
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shyng-Shiou F Yuan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Lipid and Glycomedicine Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mazumdar T, Byers LA, Ng PKS, Mills GB, Peng S, Diao L, Fan YH, Stemke-Hale K, Heymach JV, Myers JN, Glisson BS, Johnson FM. A comprehensive evaluation of biomarkers predictive of response to PI3K inhibitors and of resistance mechanisms in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:2738-50. [PMID: 25193510 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is frequently activated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but pathway inhibition has variable efficacy. Identification of predictive biomarkers and mechanisms of resistance would allow selection of patients most likely to respond and novel therapeutic combinations. The purpose of this study was to extend recent discoveries regarding the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in HNSCC by more broadly examining potential biomarkers of response, by examining pathway inhibitors with a diverse range of targets, and by defining mechanisms of resistance and potential combination therapies. We used reverse-phase protein arrays (RPPA) to simultaneously evaluate expression of 195 proteins; SNP array to estimate gene copy number; and mass array to identify mutations. We examined altered signaling at baseline and after pathway inhibition. Likewise, we examined the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in HNSCC tumors by RPPA. Cell lines with PIK3CA mutations were sensitive to pathway inhibitors, whereas amplification status did not predict sensitivity. While we identified a set of individual candidate biomarkers of response to pathway inhibitors, proteomic pathway scores did not correlate with amplification or mutation and did not predict response. Several receptor tyrosine kinases, including EGFR and ERK, were activated following PI3K inhibition in resistant cells; dual pathway inhibition of PI3K and EGFR or MEK demonstrated synergy. Combined MEK and PI3K inhibition was markedly synergistic in HRAS-mutant cell lines. Our findings indicate that clinical trials of single-agent PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitors in selected populations and of PI3K/EGFR or PI3K/MEK inhibitor combinations are warranted; we plan to conduct such trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuhina Mazumdar
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lauren A Byers
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
| | - Patrick Kwok Shing Ng
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gordon B Mills
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas. Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shaohua Peng
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lixia Diao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - You-Hong Fan
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Katherine Stemke-Hale
- Department of Translational Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey N Myers
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas. Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bonnie S Glisson
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Faye M Johnson
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang Z, Martin D, Molinolo AA, Patel V, Iglesias-Bartolome R, Degese MS, Vitale-Cross L, Chen Q, Gutkind JS. mTOR co-targeting in cetuximab resistance in head and neck cancers harboring PIK3CA and RAS mutations. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:dju215. [PMID: 25099740 PMCID: PMC4133928 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cetuximab, a monoclonal blocking antibody against the epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR, has been approved for the treatment of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCC). However, only few patients display long-term responses, prompting the search for cetuximab resistance mechanisms and new therapeutic options enhancing cetuximab effectiveness. Methods Cetuximab-sensitive HNSCC cells were retro-engineered to express PIK3CA and RAS oncogenes. These cells and HNSCC cells harboring endogenous PIK3CA and RAS oncogenes were xenografted into mice (n = 10 per group) and studied for their biochemical, antitumor, antiangiogenic, and antilymphangiogenic responses to cetuximab and mTOR targeting agents. All P values are two-sided. Results Cetuximab treatment of PIK3CA- and RAS-expressing HNSCC xenografts promoted an initial antitumor response, but all tumors relapsed within few weeks. In these tumors, cetuximab did not decrease the activity of mTOR, a downstream signaling target of EGFR, PIK3CA, and RAS. The combined administration of cetuximab and mTOR inhibitors exerted a remarkably increased antitumor activity, particularly in HNSCC cells that are resistant to cetuximab as a single agent. Indeed, cotargeting mTOR together with cetuximab caused a rapid tumor collapse of both PIK3CA- and RAS-expressing HNSCC xenografts (P < .001), concomitant with reduced proliferation (P < .001) and lymphangiogenesis (P < .001). Conclusion The presence of PIK3CA and RAS mutations and other alterations affecting the mTOR pathway activity in HNSCC could be exploited to predict the potential resistance to cetuximab, and to select the patients that may benefit the most from the concomitant administration of cetuximab and PI3K and/or mTOR inhibitors as a precision molecular therapeutic option for HNSCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Wang
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (ZW, DM, AAM, VP, RIB, MSD, LVC, JSG); State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (ZW, QC)
| | - Daniel Martin
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (ZW, DM, AAM, VP, RIB, MSD, LVC, JSG); State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (ZW, QC)
| | - Alfredo A Molinolo
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (ZW, DM, AAM, VP, RIB, MSD, LVC, JSG); State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (ZW, QC)
| | - Vyomesh Patel
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (ZW, DM, AAM, VP, RIB, MSD, LVC, JSG); State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (ZW, QC)
| | - Ramiro Iglesias-Bartolome
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (ZW, DM, AAM, VP, RIB, MSD, LVC, JSG); State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (ZW, QC)
| | - Maria Sol Degese
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (ZW, DM, AAM, VP, RIB, MSD, LVC, JSG); State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (ZW, QC)
| | - Lynn Vitale-Cross
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (ZW, DM, AAM, VP, RIB, MSD, LVC, JSG); State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (ZW, QC)
| | - Qianming Chen
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (ZW, DM, AAM, VP, RIB, MSD, LVC, JSG); State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (ZW, QC).
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (ZW, DM, AAM, VP, RIB, MSD, LVC, JSG); State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (ZW, QC)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chang YS, Hsu HT, Ko YC, Yeh KT, Chang SJ, Lin CY, Chang JG. Combined mutational analysis of RAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, and TP53 genes in Taiwanese patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014; 118:110-116.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
39
|
Molecular mechanisms of HPV induced carcinogenesis in head and neck. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:356-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
40
|
Kuo WL, Sharifi MN, Lingen MW, Ahmed O, Liu J, Nagilla M, Macleod KF, Cohen EEW. p62/SQSTM1 accumulation in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck predicts sensitivity to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway inhibitors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90171. [PMID: 24599075 PMCID: PMC3943907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway is highly dysregulated in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). While inhibitors of the PI3K/AKT pathway are being developed in cancer, their efficacy does not appear to be related to the presence of mutations or amplification in pathway genes. The PI3K pathway is a major regulator of macro-autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process that degrades cellular materials to promote cellular homeostasis and survival under stress. Employing a panel of SCCHN cell lines, we observed a significant correlation between the activity of PI3K/AKT inhibitors and their ability to induce autophagy. More specifically, resistance to these inhibitors was associated with accumulation of p62/SQSTM1, a pleotropic protein that is consumed during autophagy, while loss of autophagy was, for the first time, found to be due to silencing of an essential autophagy gene, ATG7. Moreover, modulating ATG7 and p62/SQSTM1 could regulate sensitivity to PI3K/AKT inhibitors, underscoring a mechanistic link between autophagy and drug sensitivity. Analysis of human tissues revealed progressive accumulation of p62/SQSTM1 in a significant proportion of cancer samples compared to normal tissue, suggesting that defective autophagy has relevance to SCCHN. These findings are further validated by analysis of TCGA data confirming homozygous deletion and mRNA down-regulation of ATG7 in 10.0% of SCCHN samples. Taken together, these data indicate that p62/SQSTM1 levels modulate sensitivity to PI3K/AKT inhibitors; cancers vary in their capacity to undergo autophagy through epigenetic modification and, when deficient, accumulate p62/SQSTM1; and expression of autophagy-related proteins may serve as markers for resistance to PI3K/AKT inhibitors in SCCHN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Liang Kuo
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Marina N Sharifi
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America; Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Mark W Lingen
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America; Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America; Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Omar Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Madhavi Nagilla
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kay F Macleod
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America; Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America; Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ezra E W Cohen
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America; Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America; Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Vander Broek R, Mohan S, Eytan DF, Chen Z, Van Waes C. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in head and neck cancer: functions, aberrations, cross-talk, and therapies. Oral Dis 2013; 21:815-25. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Vander Broek
- Tumor Biology Section; Head and Neck Surgery Branch; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
- Medical Research Scholars Program; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
- School of Dentistry; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - S Mohan
- Tumor Biology Section; Head and Neck Surgery Branch; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
- Medical Research Scholars Program; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - DF Eytan
- Tumor Biology Section; Head and Neck Surgery Branch; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
- Medical Research Scholars Program; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - Z Chen
- Tumor Biology Section; Head and Neck Surgery Branch; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - C Van Waes
- Tumor Biology Section; Head and Neck Surgery Branch; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Genome stability pathways in head and neck cancers. Int J Genomics 2013; 2013:464720. [PMID: 24364026 PMCID: PMC3834617 DOI: 10.1155/2013/464720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability underlies the transformation of host cells toward malignancy, promotes development of invasion and metastasis and shapes the response of established cancer to treatment. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of genomic stability in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC), with an emphasis on DNA repair pathways. HNSCC is characterized by distinct profiles in genome stability between similarly staged cancers that are reflected in risk, treatment response and outcomes. Defective DNA repair generates chromosomal derangement that can cause subsequent alterations in gene expression, and is a hallmark of progression toward carcinoma. Variable functionality of an increasing spectrum of repair gene polymorphisms is associated with increased cancer risk, while aetiological factors such as human papillomavirus, tobacco and alcohol induce significantly different behaviour in induced malignancy, underpinned by differences in genomic stability. Targeted inhibition of signalling receptors has proven to be a clinically-validated therapy, and protein expression of other DNA repair and signalling molecules associated with cancer behaviour could potentially provide a more refined clinical model for prognosis and treatment prediction. Development and expansion of current genomic stability models is furthering our understanding of HNSCC pathophysiology and uncovering new, promising treatment strategies.
Collapse
|
43
|
Boeckx C, Baay M, Wouters A, Specenier P, Vermorken JB, Peeters M, Lardon F. Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: focus on potential molecular mechanisms of drug resistance. Oncologist 2013; 18:850-64. [PMID: 23821327 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2013-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the most promising molecular therapeutics for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). EGFR is overexpressed in a wide range of malignancies, including HNSCC, and initiates important signal transduction pathways in HNSCC carcinogenesis. However, primary and acquired resistance are serious problems and are responsible for low single-agent response rate and tumor recurrence. Therefore, an improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms of resistance to EGFR inhibitors may provide valuable indications to identify biomarkers that can be used clinically to predict response to EGFR blockade and to establish new treatment options to overcome resistance. To date, no predictive biomarker for HNSCC is available in the clinic. Therapeutic resistance to anti-EGFR therapy may arise from mechanisms that can compensate for reduced EGFR signaling and/or mechanisms that can modulate EGFR-dependent signaling. In this review, we will summarize some of these molecular mechanisms and describe strategies to overcome that resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolien Boeckx
- Center for Oncological Research Antwerp, Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
DE CARVALHO THAISGULIM, DE CARVALHO ANACAROLINA, MAIA DANIELLECALHEIROSCAMPELO, OGAWA JULIANAKAORI, CARVALHO ANDRELOPES, VETTORE ANDRELUIZ. Search for mutations in signaling pathways in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:334-40. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
45
|
Monteiro LS, Delgado ML, Ricardo S, Garcez F, Amaral BD, Warnakulasuriya S, Lopes C. Phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin is associated with an adverse outcome in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 115:638-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2013.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
46
|
Lui VWY, Hedberg ML, Li H, Vangara BS, Pendleton K, Zeng Y, Lu Y, Zhang Q, Du Y, Gilbert BR, Freilino M, Sauerwein S, Peyser ND, Xiao D, Diergaarde B, Wang L, Chiosea S, Seethala R, Johnson JT, Kim S, Duvvuri U, Ferris RL, Romkes M, Nukui T, Kwok-Shing Ng P, Garraway LA, Hammerman PS, Mills GB, Grandis JR. Frequent mutation of the PI3K pathway in head and neck cancer defines predictive biomarkers. Cancer Discov 2013; 3:761-9. [PMID: 23619167 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-13-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 455] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Genomic findings underscore the heterogeneity of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Identification of mutations that predict therapeutic response would be a major advance. We determined the mutationally altered, targetable mitogenic pathways in a large HNSCC cohort. Analysis of whole-exome sequencing data from 151 tumors revealed the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway to be the most frequently mutated oncogenic pathway (30.5%). PI3K pathway-mutated HNSCC tumors harbored a significantly higher rate of mutations in known cancer genes. In a subset of human papillomavirus-positive tumors, PIK3CA or PIK3R1 was the only mutated cancer gene. Strikingly, all tumors with concurrent mutation of multiple PI3K pathway genes were advanced (stage IV), implicating concerted PI3K pathway aberrations in HNSCC progression. Patient-derived tumorgrafts with canonical and noncanonical PIK3CA mutations were sensitive to an mTOR/PI3K inhibitor (BEZ-235), in contrast to PIK3CA-wild-type tumorgrafts. These results suggest that PI3K pathway mutations may serve as predictive biomarkers for treatment selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian W Y Lui
- Departments of 1Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Genetic deregulation of the PIK3CA oncogene in oral cancer. Cancer Lett 2013; 338:193-203. [PMID: 23597702 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway is one of the most commonly deregulated pathways in human cancers. PI3K comprises a catalytic (p110α) and regulatory subunit (p85), and p110α is encoded by the PIK3CA gene. Here, we summarize the known genetic alterations, including amplifications and mutations, of the PIK3CA oncogene in oral cancer. We discuss in detail PIK3CA mutations and their mutual exclusivity with pathway genes in addition to the incidence of PIK3CA mutations in relation to ethnicity. We describe the constitutive activation of PI3K signaling, oncogenicity, and the genetic deregulation of the PIK3CA gene and its association with oral cancer disease stage. We emphasize the importance of therapeutically targeting the genetically deregulated PIK3CA oncogene and its signaling. We also discuss the implications of targeting Akt and/or mTOR, which are the downstream effectors of PI3K that may possibly pave the way for molecular therapeutic targets for PIK3CA-driven oral carcinogenesis. Furthermore, this critical review provides a complete picture of the PIK3CA oncogene and its deregulation in oral cancer, which may facilitate early diagnosis and improve prognosis through personalized molecular targeted therapy in oral cancer.
Collapse
|
48
|
Hunt JL, Barnes L, Lewis JS, Mahfouz ME, Slootweg PJ, Thompson LDR, Cardesa A, Devaney KO, Gnepp DR, Westra WH, Rodrigo JP, Woolgar JA, Rinaldo A, Triantafyllou A, Takes RP, Ferlito A. Molecular diagnostic alterations in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and potential diagnostic applications. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 271:211-23. [PMID: 23467835 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-013-2400-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common malignancy that continues to be difficult to treat and cure. In many organ systems and tumor types, there have been significant advances in the understanding of the molecular basis for tumorigenesis, disease progression and genetic implications for therapeutics. Although tumorigenesis pathways and the molecular etiologies of HNSCC have been extensively studied, there are still very few diagnostic clinical applications used in practice today. This review discusses current clinically applicable molecular markers, including viral detection of Epstein-Barr virus and human papillomavirus, and molecular targets that are used in diagnosis and management of HNSCC. The common oncogenes EGFR, RAS, CCND1, BRAF, and PIK3CA and tumor suppressor genes p53, CDKN2A and NOTCH are discussed for their associations with HNSCC. Discussion of markers with potential future applications is also included, with a focus on molecular alterations associated with targeted therapy resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Hunt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Services, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Giudice FS, Squarize CH. The determinants of head and neck cancer: Unmasking the PI3K pathway mutations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; Suppl 5. [PMID: 25126449 DOI: 10.4172/2157-2518.s5-003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Studies attempting to identify and understand the function of mutated genes and deregulated molecular pathways in cancer have been ongoing for many years. The PI3K-PTEN-mTOR signaling pathway is one of the most frequently deregulated pathways in cancer. PIK3CA mutations are found 11%-33% of head and neck cancer (HNC). The hotspot mutation sites for PIK3CA are E542K, E545K and H1047R/L. The PTEN somatic mutations are in 9-23% of HNC, and they frequently cluster in the phosphatase domain of PTEN protein. PTEN loss of heterozygosity (LOH) ranges from 41%-71% and loss of PTEN protein expression occurs in 31.2% of the HNC samples. PIK3CA and PTEN are key molecules in the PI3K-PTEN-mTOR signaling pathway. In this review, we provided a comprehensive overview of mutations in the PI3K-PTEN-mTOR molecular circuitry in HNC, including PI3K family members, TSC1/TSC2, PTEN, AKT, and mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes. We discussed how these genetic alterations may affect protein structure and function. We also highlight the latest discoveries in protein kinase and tumor suppressor families, emphasizing how mutations in these families interfere with PI3K signaling. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying cancer formation, progression and resistance to therapy will inform selection of novel genomic-based personalized therapies for head and neck cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda S Giudice
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1078, USA ; International Research Center, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane H Squarize
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1078, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Mahajan K, Mahajan NP. PI3K-independent AKT activation in cancers: a treasure trove for novel therapeutics. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:3178-84. [PMID: 22307544 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AKT/PKB serine threonine kinase, a critical signaling molecule promoting cell growth and survival pathways, is frequently dysregulated in many cancers. Although phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI3K), a lipid kinase, is well characterized as a major regulator of AKT activation in response to a variety of ligands, recent studies highlight a diverse group of tyrosine (Ack1/TNK2, Src, PTK6) and serine/threonine (TBK1, IKBKE, DNAPKcs) kinases that activate AKT directly to promote its pro-proliferative signaling functions. While some of these alternate AKT activating kinases respond to growth factors, others respond to inflammatory and genotoxic stimuli. A common theme emerging from these studies is that aberrant or hyperactivation of these alternate kinases is often associated with malignancy. Consequently, evaluating the use of small molecular inhibitors against these alternate AKT activating kinases at earlier stages of cancer therapy may overcome the pressing problem of drug resistance surfacing especially in patients treated with PI3K inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Mahajan
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|