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Pomella S, Melaiu O, Dri M, Martelli M, Gargari M, Barillari G. Effects of Angiogenic Factors on the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Their Impact on the Onset and Progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Overview. Cells 2024; 13:1294. [PMID: 39120324 PMCID: PMC11311310 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
High levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 and angiopoietin (ANG)-2 are found in tissues from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). As might be expected, VEGF, FGF-2, and ANG-2 overexpression parallels the development of new blood and lymphatic vessels that nourish the growing OPMDs or OSCCs and provide the latter with metastatic routes. Notably, VEGF, FGF-2, and ANG-2 are also linked to the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a trans-differentiation process that respectively promotes or exasperates the invasiveness of normal and neoplastic oral epithelial cells. Here, we have summarized published work regarding the impact that the interplay among VEGF, FGF-2, ANG-2, vessel generation, and EMT has on oral carcinogenesis. Results from the reviewed studies indicate that VEGF, FGF-2, and ANG-2 spark either protein kinase B (AKT) or mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), two signaling pathways that can promote both EMT and new vessels' formation in OPMDs and OSCCs. Since EMT and vessel generation are key to the onset and progression of OSCC, as well as to its radio- and chemo-resistance, these data encourage including AKT or MAPK inhibitors and/or antiangiogenic drugs in the treatment of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pomella
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (O.M.); (M.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Ombretta Melaiu
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (O.M.); (M.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Maria Dri
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mirko Martelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (O.M.); (M.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Marco Gargari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (O.M.); (M.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Giovanni Barillari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (O.M.); (M.M.); (M.G.)
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Duan Y, Zhou M, Ye B, Yue K, Qiao F, Wang Y, Lai Q, Wu Y, Cao J, Wu Y, Wang X, Jing C. Hypoxia-induced miR-5100 promotes exosome-mediated activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts and metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:215. [PMID: 38485986 PMCID: PMC10940661 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06587-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The invasion-metastasis cascade in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is predominantly caused by the interaction between tumor cells and tumor microenvironment, including hypoxia as well as stromal cells. However, the mechanism of hypoxia-activated tumor-stroma crosstalk in HNSCC metastasis remains to be deciphered. Here, we demonstrated that HIF1α was upregulated in HNSCC specimens compared with adjacent normal tissues, whose overexpression was associated with lymph node metastasis and predicted unfavorable prognosis. HIF1α expression correlated positively with the levels of miR-5100 as well as α-SMA, the marker of CAFs. Hypoxia/HIF1α regulated transcriptionally miR-5100 to promote the degradation of its target gene QKI, which acts as a tumor suppressor in HNSCC. Hypoxic HNSCC-derived exosomal miR-5100 promoted the activation of CAFs by orchestrating QKI/AKT/STAT3 axis, which further facilitated HNSCC metastasis. Additionally, miR-5100 derived from plasma exosomes indicated HNSCC malignant progression. In conclusion, our findings illuminate a novel HIF1α/miR-5100/QKI pathway in HNSCC metastasis, and suggest that miR-5100 might be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuansheng Duan
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Mengqian Zhou
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Beibei Ye
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Kai Yue
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Feng Qiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Qingchuan Lai
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Jiayan Cao
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yansheng Wu
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Chao Jing
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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3
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Duan Y, Yue K, Ye B, Chen P, Zhang J, He Q, Wu Y, Lai Q, Li H, Wu Y, Jing C, Wang X. LncRNA MALAT1 promotes growth and metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by repressing VHL through a non-canonical function of EZH2. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:149. [PMID: 36813772 PMCID: PMC9946937 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05667-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are implicated in malignant progression of human cancers. Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), a well-known lncRNA, has been reported to play crucial roles in multiple malignancies including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the underlying mechanisms of MALAT1 in HNSCC progression remain to be further investigated. Here, we elucidated that compared with normal squamous epithelium, MALAT1 was notably upregulated in HNSCC tissues, especially in which was poorly differentiated or with lymph nodes metastasis. Moreover, elevated MALAT1 predicted unfavorable prognosis of HNSCC patients. The results of in vitro and in vivo assays showed that targeting MALAT1 could significantly weaken the capacities of proliferation and metastasis in HNSCC. Mechanistically, MALAT1 inhibited von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor (VHL) by activating EZH2/STAT3/Akt axis, then promoted the stabilization and activation of β-catenin and NF-κB which could play crucial roles in HNSCC growth and metastasis. In conclusion, our findings reveal a novel mechanism for malignant progression of HNSCC and suggest that MALAT1 might be a promising therapeutic target for HNSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuansheng Duan
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Kai Yue
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Beibei Ye
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Qinghua He
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Qingchuan Lai
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yansheng Wu
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Chao Jing
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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Rastogi S, Aldosary S, Saeedan AS, Ansari MN, Singh M, Kaithwas G. NF-κB mediated regulation of tumor cell proliferation in hypoxic microenvironment. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1108915. [PMID: 36891273 PMCID: PMC9986608 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1108915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is caused by a cancer-promoting milieu characterized by persistent inflammation. NF-κB and HIF-1α are critical participants in this transition. Tumor development and maintenance are aided by NF-κB, while cellular proliferation and adaptability to angiogenic signals are aided by HIF-1α. Prolyl hydroxylase-2 (PHD-2) has been hypothesized to be the key oxygen-dependent regulator of HIF-1α and NF-transcriptional B's activity. Without low oxygen levels, HIF-1α is degraded by the proteasome in a process dependent on oxygen and 2-oxoglutarate. As opposed to the normal NF-κB activation route, where NF-κB is deactivated by PHD-2-mediated hydroxylation of IKK, this method actually activates NF-κB. HIF-1α is protected from degradation by proteasomes in hypoxic cells, where it then activates transcription factors involved in cellular metastasis and angiogenesis. The Pasteur phenomenon causes lactate to build up inside the hypoxic cells. As part of a process known as lactate shuttle, MCT-1 and MCT-4 cells help deliver lactate from the blood to neighboring, non-hypoxic tumour cells. Non-hypoxic tumour cells use lactate, which is converted to pyruvate, as fuel for oxidative phosphorylation. OXOPHOS cancer cells are characterized by a metabolic switch from glucose-facilitated oxidative phosphorylation to lactate-facilitated oxidative phosphorylation. Although PHD-2 was found in OXOPHOS cells. There is no clear explanation for the presence of NF-kappa B activity. The accumulation of the competitive inhibitor of 2-oxo-glutarate, pyruvate, in non-hypoxic tumour cells is well established. So, we conclude that PHD-2 is inactive in non-hypoxic tumour cells due to pyruvate-mediated competitive suppression of 2-oxo-glutarate. This results in canonical activation of NF-κB. In non-hypoxic tumour cells, 2-oxoglutarate serves as a limiting factor, rendering PHD-2 inactive. However, FIH prevents HIF-1α from engaging in its transcriptional actions. Using the existing scientific literature, we conclude in this study that NF-κB is the major regulator of tumour cell growth and proliferation via pyruvate-mediated competitive inhibition of PHD-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Rastogi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sara Aldosary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz S Saeedan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Nazam Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manjari Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam Central University, Silchar, India
| | - Gaurav Kaithwas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Basu B, Ghosh MK. Ubiquitination and deubiquitination in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer: Shifting gears at the molecular level. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119261. [PMID: 35307468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The process of conversion of non-motile epithelial cells to their motile mesenchymal counterparts is known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is a fundamental event during embryonic development, tissue repair, and for the maintenance of stemness. However, this crucial process is hijacked in cancer and becomes the means by which cancer cells acquire further malignant properties such as increased invasiveness, acquisition of stem cell-like properties, increased chemoresistance, and immune evasion ability. The switch from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype is mediated by a wide variety of effector molecules such as transcription factors, epigenetic modifiers, post-transcriptional and post-translational modifiers. Ubiquitination and de-ubiquitination are two post-translational processes that are fundamental to the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) of the cell, and the shift in equilibrium between these two processes during cancer dictates the suppression or activation of different intracellular processes, including EMT. Here, we discuss the complex and dynamic relationship between components of the UPS and EMT in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Basu
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata- 700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Mrinal K Ghosh
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata- 700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
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A TRP Family Based Signature for Prognosis Prediction in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:8757656. [PMID: 35140788 PMCID: PMC8820906 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8757656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a classical type of head and neck cancers, with heterogeneous clinical outcome. This project is set out to create a robust risk signature based on TRP family genes (TFGs) for prognosis evaluation in HNSCC. Methods Based on the HNSCC sample data from the TCGA website, we integrated expression profile of TFGs for 490 HNSCC cases. We explore the interactions among TFGs using STRING tool. The TFGs-based signature (TFBS) was created by Cox relative analyses. In addition, we conducted GSEA to identify the underlying signaling pathways of the specific TFGs in HNSCC. The immune landscape of HNSCC patients was analyzed by CIBERSORT and ssGSEA algorithms. Results A total of 6 TFGs (TRPC1, TRPC3, TRPC6, TRPV2, TRPV4, and TRPM8) closely associated with prognosis of HNSCC cases were screened to create TFBS. TFBS predicted that the TFBS-high group presented dismal patient outcome. Cox regression revealed the favorable independent value of TFBS. ROC analysis showed the robust power of TFBS for prognosis forecasting. GSEA determined several crucial pathways related with HNSCC, which are the p53 pathway, TNF-alpha signaling via NFKB, and hypoxia. Moreover, immune-related analysis showed that patients in the TFBS-high group were more likely in immunosuppressive status. Conclusion Our proposed TFBS could serve as a favorable indicator to forecast the survival outcome of HNSCC cases and offer prominent therapy guidance.
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Pandit A, Begum Y, Saha P, Srivastava AK, Swarnakar S. Approaches Toward Targeting Matrix Metalloproteases for Prognosis and Therapies in Gynecological Cancer: MicroRNAs as a Molecular Driver. Front Oncol 2022; 11:720622. [PMID: 35145899 PMCID: PMC8821656 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.720622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression can be regulated by small non-coding RNA molecules like microRNAs (miRNAs) which act as cellular mediators necessary for growth, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolism. miRNA deregulation is often observed in many human malignancies, acting both as tumor-promoting and suppressing, and their abnormal expression is linked to unrestrained cellular proliferation, metastasis, and perturbation in DNA damage as well as cell cycle. Matrix Metalloproteases (MMPs) have crucial roles in both growth, and tissue remodeling in normal conditions, as well as in promoting cancer development and metastasis. Herein, we outline an integrated interactive study involving various MMPs and miRNAs and also feature a way in which these communications impact malignant growth, movement, and metastasis. The present review emphasizes on important miRNAs that might impact gynecological cancer progression directly or indirectly via regulating MMPs. Additionally, we address the likely use of miRNA-mediated MMP regulation and their downstream signaling pathways towards the development of a potential treatment of gynecological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Pandit
- Infectious Diseases & Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Yasmin Begum
- Infectious Diseases & Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Priyanka Saha
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Amit Kumar Srivastava
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Snehasikta Swarnakar
- Infectious Diseases & Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
- *Correspondence: Snehasikta Swarnakar,
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Ramos-García P, González-Moles MÁ. Prognostic and Clinicopathological Significance of the Aberrant Expression of β-Catenin in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030479. [PMID: 35158747 PMCID: PMC8833491 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary β-catenin is a multifunctional protein whose physiological functions are mainly related to the maintenance of cell-cell adhesion by forming complexes with the adhesion molecule E-cadherin, both responsible for the preservation of squamous epithelia homeostasis. The loss of β-catenin expression in the cell membrane, the failure of cytoplasmic degradation mechanisms—essentially related to the activation of Wnt canonical oncogenic pathway—and/or its translocation to the nucleus—developing actions as a transcription factor of oncogenes—are aberrant mechanisms with oncogenic implications in oral carcinogenesis. In this systematic review and meta-analysis on 41 studies and 2746 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients we demonstrate that the aberrant expression of β-catenin—mainly the immunohistochemical analysis of its loss in the cell membrane—behaves as a prognostic biomarker, significantly associated with poor survival, essentially linked to the increased risk for the development of lymph node metastases, higher tumour size and clinical stage in these patients. Abstract This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the prognostic and clinicopathological significance of the aberrant expression of β-catenin (assessed through the immunohistochemical loss of membrane expression, cytoplasmic and nuclear expression) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We searched for primary-level studies published before October-2021 through PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, with no limitation in regard to their publication date or language. We evaluated the methodological quality and risk of bias of the studies included using the QUIPS tool, carried out meta-analyses, explored heterogeneity and their sources across subgroups and meta-regression, and conducted sensitivity and small-study effects analyses. Forty-one studies (2746 patients) met inclusion criteria. The aberrant immunohistochemical expression of β-catenin was statistically associated with poor overall survival (HR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.20–2.60, p = 0.004), disease-free survival (HR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.10–5.50, p = 0.03), N+ status (OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.68–3.40, p < 0.001), higher clinical stage (OR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.58–3.63, p < 0.001), higher tumour size (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.23–2.53, p = 0.004), and moderately-poorly differentiated OSCC (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.09–2.25, p = 0.02). The loss of β-catenin in the cell membrane showed the largest effect size in most of meta-analyses (singularly for poor overall survival [HR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.55–3.62, p < 0.001], N+ status [OR = 3.44, 95% CI = 2.40–4.93, p < 0.001] and higher clinical stage [OR = 2.51, 95% CI = 1.17–5.35, p = 0.02]). In conclusion, our findings indicate that immunohistochemical assessment of the aberrant expression of β-catenin could be incorporated as an additional and complementary routine prognostic biomarker for the assessment of patients with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ramos-García
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.R.-G.); (M.Á.G.-M.)
| | - Miguel Á. González-Moles
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.R.-G.); (M.Á.G.-M.)
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Shuai Y, Duan Y, Zhou M, Yue K, Liu D, Fang Y, Wang Y, Wu Y, Zhang Z, Wang X. Development and Validation of a Nomogram based on cell growth-related Biomarkers for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Cancer 2021; 12:5153-5163. [PMID: 34335932 PMCID: PMC8317514 DOI: 10.7150/jca.54475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We aimed to develop a prognostic nomogram based on immunohistochemistry (IHC) biomarkers of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: A total of 294 patients were enrolled in the study. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model was performed to develop a combined IHC score (IHCs) classifier. Results: Five biomarkers, specifically c-Met, Vimentin, HIF-2α, VEGF-c, and Bcl-2 were extracted. Then, an IHCs classifier was developed, and patients were stratified into high- and low-IHCs groups. In the training cohort, the 5-year overall survival (OS) was 62.1% in low-IHCs group and 28.2% in high-IHCs group (P<0.001). The 5-year OS was 68.6% for the low-IHCs group and 28.4% for the high-IHCs group in the validation cohort (P<0.001). The area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of the combination of the IHCs classifier and TNM stage was 0.746 (95% CI: 0.658-0.833) in the training cohort and 0.735 (95% CI: 0.651-0.818) in the validation cohort, respectively. Conclusions: The nomogram could effectively predict the prognosis for patients with OSCC and may be employed as a potential tool to guide the individual decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Shuai
- Department of Maxillofacial & E.N.T oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuansheng Duan
- Department of Maxillofacial & E.N.T oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengqian Zhou
- Department of Maxillofacial & E.N.T oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Yue
- Department of Maxillofacial & E.N.T oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Department of Maxillofacial & E.N.T oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Fang
- Department of Maxillofacial & E.N.T oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial & E.N.T oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yansheng Wu
- Department of Maxillofacial & E.N.T oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Maxillofacial & E.N.T oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial & E.N.T oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
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10
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Nasry WHS, Martin CK. Intersecting Mechanisms of Hypoxia and Prostaglandin E2-Mediated Inflammation in the Comparative Biology of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:539361. [PMID: 34094895 PMCID: PMC8175905 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.539361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of inflammation in the pathogenesis of cancer was first proposed by Rudolph Virchow over 150 years ago, and our understanding of its significance has grown over decades of biomedical research. The arachidonic acid pathway of inflammation, including cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, PGE2 synthase enzymes, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and PGE2 receptors has been extensively studied and has been associated with different diseases and different types of cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In addition to inflammation in the tumour microenvironment, low oxygen levels (hypoxia) within tumours have also been shown to contribute to tumour progression. Understandably, most of our OSCC knowledge comes from study of this aggressive cancer in human patients and in experimental rodent models. However, domestic animals develop OSCC spontaneously and this is an important, and difficult to treat, form of cancer in veterinary medicine. The primary goal of this review article is to explore the available evidence regarding interaction between hypoxia and the arachidonic acid pathway of inflammation during malignant behaviour of OSCC. Overlapping mechanisms in hypoxia and inflammation can contribute to tumour growth, angiogenesis, and, importantly, resistance to therapy. The benefits and controversies of anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic therapies for human and animal OSCC patients will be discussed, including conventional pharmaceutical agents as well as natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Hamed Shaker Nasry
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada
| | - Chelsea K Martin
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada
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11
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Na K, Kim M, Kim CY, Lim JS, Cho JY, Shin H, Lee HJ, Kang BJ, Han DH, Kim H, Baik JH, Swiatek-de Lange M, Karl J, Paik YK. Potential Regulatory Role of Human-Carboxylesterase-1 Glycosylation in Liver Cancer Cell Growth. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:4867-4883. [PMID: 33206527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that human carboxylesterase 1 (CES1), a serine esterase containing a unique N-linked glycosyl group at Asn79 (N79 CES1), is a candidate serological marker of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CES1 is normally present at low-to-undetectable levels in normal human plasma, HCC tumors, and major liver cancer cell lines. To investigate the potential mechanism underlying the suppression of CES1 expression in liver cancer cells, we took advantage of the low detectability of this marker in tumors by overexpressing CES1 in multiple HCC cell lines, including stable Hep3B cells. We found that the population of CES1-overexpressing (OE) cells decreased and that their doubling time was longer compared with mock control liver cancer cells. Using interactive transcriptome, proteome, and subsequent Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of CES1-OE cells, we found substantial decreases in the expression levels of genes involved in cell cycle regulation and proliferation. This antiproliferative function of the N79 glycan of CES1 was further supported by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, and an apoptosis protein array assay. An analysis of the levels of key signaling target proteins via Western blotting suggested that CES1 overexpression exerted an antiproliferative effect via the PKD1/PKCμ signaling pathway. Similar results were also seen in another HCC cell line (PLC/RFP/5) after transient transfection with CES1 but not in similarly treated non-HCC cell lines (e.g., HeLa and Tera-1 cells), suggesting that CES1 likely exerts a liver cell-type-specific suppressive effect. Given that the N-linked glycosyl group at Asn79 (N79 glycan) of CES1 is known to influence CES1 enzyme activity, we hypothesized that the post-translational modification of CES1 at N79 may be linked to its antiproliferative activity. To investigate the regulatory effect of the N79 glycan on cellular growth, we mutated the single N-glycosylation site in CES1 from Asn to Gln (CES1-N79Q) via site-directed mutagenesis. Fluorescence 2-D difference gel electrophoresis protein expression analysis of cell lysates revealed an increase in cell growth and a decrease in doubling time in cells carrying the N79Q mutation. Thus our results suggest that CES1 exerts an antiproliferative effect in liver cancer cells and that the single N-linked glycosylation at Asn79 plays a potential regulatory role. These functions may underlie the undetectability of CES1 in human HCC tumors and liver cancer cell lines. Mass spectrometry data are available via ProteomeXchange under the identifier PXD021573.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun Na
- Yonsei Proteome Research Center, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-ku, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Minjoo Kim
- Yonsei Proteome Research Center, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-ku, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Chae-Yeon Kim
- Yonsei Proteome Research Center, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-ku, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Lim
- Yonsei Proteome Research Center, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-ku, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Jin-Young Cho
- Yonsei Proteome Research Center, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-ku, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Heon Shin
- Yonsei Proteome Research Center, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-ku, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anamro, Seongbuk-ku, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Byeong Jun Kang
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anamro, Seongbuk-ku, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | | | | | - Ja-Hyun Baik
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anamro, Seongbuk-ku, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | | | - Johann Karl
- Roche Diagnostics, GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Young-Ki Paik
- Yonsei Proteome Research Center, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-ku, Seoul 03722, South Korea
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12
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Genetic alterations and clinical dimensions of oral cancer: a review. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9135-9148. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05927-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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13
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Eckert AW, Kappler M, Große I, Wickenhauser C, Seliger B. Current Understanding of the HIF-1-Dependent Metabolism in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6083. [PMID: 32846951 PMCID: PMC7504563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the 10th most frequent human malignancy and is thus a global burden. Despite some progress in diagnosis and therapy, patients' overall survival rate, between 40 and 55%, has stagnated over the last four decades. Since the tumor node metastasis (TNM) system is not precise enough to predict the disease outcome, additive factors for diagnosis, prognosis, prediction and therapy resistance are urgently needed for OSCC. One promising candidate is the hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), which functions as an early regulator of tumor aggressiveness and is a key promoter of energy adaptation. Other parameters comprise the composition of the tumor microenvironment, which determines the availability of nutrients and oxygen. In our opinion, these general processes are linked in the pathogenesis of OSCC. Based on this assumption, the review will summarize the major features of the HIF system-induced activities, its target proteins and related pathways of nutrient utilization and metabolism that are essential for the initiation, progression and therapeutic stratification of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W. Eckert
- Klinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Plastische Gesichtschirurgie, Universitätsklinik der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität, Breslauer Str. 201, 90471 Nurnberg, Germany
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Plastische Gesichtschirurgie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenebrg, Ernst- Grube-Straße 40, 06120 Halle, Germany;
| | - Matthias Kappler
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Plastische Gesichtschirurgie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenebrg, Ernst- Grube-Straße 40, 06120 Halle, Germany;
| | - Ivo Große
- Institut für Informatik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 1, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Claudia Wickenhauser
- Institut für Pathologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 14, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institut für Medizinische Immunologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 14, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
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14
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Durán-Maldonado MX, Hernández-Padilla L, Gallardo-Pérez JC, Díaz-Pérez AL, Martínez-Alcantar L, Reyes De la Cruz H, Rodríguez-Zavala JS, Pacheco-Rodríguez G, Moss J, Campos-García J. Bacterial Cyclodipeptides Target Signal Pathways Involved in Malignant Melanoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1111. [PMID: 32793477 PMCID: PMC7393205 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive cancer that utilizes multiple signaling pathways, including those that involve oncogenes, proto-oncogenes, and tumor suppressors. It has been suggested that melanoma formation requires cross-talk of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Ras-ERK pathways. This pathway cross-talk has been associated with aggressiveness, drug resistance, and metastasis; thus, simultaneous targeting of components of the different pathways involved in melanoma may aid in therapy. We have previously reported that bacterial cyclodipeptides (CDPs) are cytotoxic to HeLa cells and inhibit Akt phosphorylation. Here, we show that CDPs decreased melanoma size and tumor formation in a subcutaneous xenografted mouse melanoma model. In fact, CDPs accelerated death of B16-F0 murine melanoma cells. In mice, antitumor effect was improved by treatment with CDPs using cyclodextrins as drug vehicle. In tumors, CDPs caused nuclear fragmentation and changed the expression of the Bcl-2 and Ki67 apoptotic markers and promoted restoration of hyperactivation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Additionally, elements of several signaling pathways such as the Ras-ERK, PI3K/JNK/PKA, p27Kip1/CDK1/survivin, MAPK, HIF-1, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and cancer stem cell pathways were also modified by treatment of xenografted melanoma mice with CDPs. The findings indicate that the multiple signaling pathways implicated in aggressiveness of the murine B16-F0 melanoma line are targeted by the bacterial CDPs. Molecular modeling of CDPs with protein kinases involved in neoplastic processes suggested that these compounds could indeed interact with the active site of the enzymes. The results suggest that CDPs may be considered as potential antineoplastic drugs, interfering with multiple pathways involved in tumor formation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Xóchitl Durán-Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Microbiana, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Laura Hernández-Padilla
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Microbiana, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | | | - Alma Laura Díaz-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Microbiana, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Lorena Martínez-Alcantar
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Microbiana, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Homero Reyes De la Cruz
- Laboratorio de Control Traduccional, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | | | - Gustavo Pacheco-Rodríguez
- Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Joel Moss
- Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jesús Campos-García
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Microbiana, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
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15
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Zargaran M. Alternation of β-catenin and CD44s Immunoexpression in Different Histopathological Grades of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:1181-1185. [PMID: 32458620 PMCID: PMC7541855 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.5.1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cell-cell adhesion molecules play an essential role in cell growth and differentiation. β-catenin and CD44s are two adhesion molecules which their expression changes are correlated to loss of differentiation and gain of an invasive epithelial phenotype. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy of oral cavity. Aim of this study was to compare β-catenin and CD44s expression in different histopathological grades of OSCC. METHODS β-catenin and CD44s expression were evaluated in 10 well differentiated OSCC (group A) and 10 moderately/poorly differentiated OSCC (group B) using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS β-catenin membranous and nuclear/cytoplasmic expression were significantly different between groups A and B. CD44s membranous expression was insignificant amongst the two groups. CONCLUSION Expression of β-catenin and CD44s alter in different histopathological grades of OSCC. It seems that more rate of aberrant cytoplasmic and/nuclear expression and less membranous expression of β-catenin can lead to significantly lower degree of cell differentiation in OSCC. <br />.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massoumeh Zargaran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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16
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Ribeiro IP, Caramelo F, Ribeiro M, Machado A, Miguéis J, Marques F, Carreira IM, Melo JB. Upper aerodigestive tract carcinoma: Development of a (epi)genomic predictive model for recurrence and metastasis. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3459-3468. [PMID: 32269619 PMCID: PMC7115117 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the increased molecular knowledge and the diagnostic and therapeutic improvements, the survival of patients with upper aerodigestive tract carcinoma remains poor. The identification of early diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and the development of molecular models to distinguish patients that will recur and/or develop metastasis after treatment as well as to benefit with target therapies can be important to decrease mortality, improve survival rates and improve the quality of life of these patients. The current study analyzed 21 upper aerodigestive tract carcinomas through array comparative genomic hybridization and methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification techniques. A number of chromosomal regions and genes were observed with copy number alterations and methylation. A predictive (epi)genomic model that comprises the 3p chromosomal region and WT1, VHL and THBS1 genes was built, highlighting a molecular signature with possible clinical use. The current study may aid in the development of a more individualized patient management and targeted drug design. The power of this genomic and epigenetic model to predict the recurrence and metastasis development should be evaluated and validated in future larger cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilda Patrícia Ribeiro
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal.,iCBR-CIMAGO-Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research/Center of Investigation on Environment Genetics and Oncobiology-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3001-301 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Caramelo
- iCBR-CIMAGO-Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research/Center of Investigation on Environment Genetics and Oncobiology-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3001-301 Coimbra, Portugal.,Laboratory of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, IBILI-Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Margarida Ribeiro
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Machado
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, CHUC-Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, EPE, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge Miguéis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, CHUC-Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, EPE, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Marques
- iCBR-CIMAGO-Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research/Center of Investigation on Environment Genetics and Oncobiology-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3001-301 Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal.,Stomatology Unit, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, CHUC-Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, EPE, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Marques Carreira
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal.,iCBR-CIMAGO-Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research/Center of Investigation on Environment Genetics and Oncobiology-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3001-301 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Barbosa Melo
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal.,iCBR-CIMAGO-Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research/Center of Investigation on Environment Genetics and Oncobiology-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3001-301 Coimbra, Portugal
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17
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Groß A, Chernyakov D, Gallwitz L, Bornkessel N, Edemir B. Deletion of Von Hippel-Lindau Interferes with Hyper Osmolality Induced Gene Expression and Induces an Unfavorable Gene Expression Pattern. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020420. [PMID: 32059438 PMCID: PMC7073186 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) protein function can be found in more than 90% of patients with clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC). Mice lacking Vhl function in the kidneys have urine concentration defects due to postulated reduction of the hyperosmotic gradient. Hyperosmolality is a kidney-specific microenvironment and induces a unique gene expression pattern. This gene expression pattern is inversely regulated in patients with ccRCC with consequences for cancer-specific survival. Within this study, we tested the hypothesis if Vhl function influences the hyperosmolality induced changes in gene expression. We made use of the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology to inhibit functional Vhl expression in murine collecting duct cell line. Loss of Vhl function induced morphological changes within the cells similar to epithelial to mesenchymal transition like phenotype. Vhl-deficient cells migrated faster and proliferated slower compared to control cells. Gene expression profiling showed significant changes in gene expression patterns in Vhl-deficient cells compared to control cells. Several genes with unfavorable outcomes showed induced and genes with favorable outcomes for patients with renal cancer reduced gene expression level. Under hyperosmotic condition, the expression of several hyperosmolality induced genes, with favorable prognostic value, was downregulated in cells that do not express functional Vhl. Taken together, this study shows that Vhl interferes with hyperosmotic signaling pathway and hyperosmolality affected pathways might represent new promising targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bayram Edemir
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-345-557-4890; Fax: +49-345-557-2950
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18
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Takada Y, Yamanaka O, Okada Y, Sumioka T, Reinach PS, Saika S. Effects of a prostaglandin F2alpha derivative glaucoma drug on EGF expression and E-cadherin expression in a corneal epithelial cell line. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2020; 39:75-82. [PMID: 31986917 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2020.1722152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: We examined the effects of travoprost on cell proliferation-related signals and E-cadherin expression in vitro and in situ in order to obtain evidence to support the hypothesis that topical travoprost impairs the integrity of the corneal epithelium.Methods: A human corneal epithelial cell culture was treated with travoprost (0.4 mg/ml) and/or PD168393 (an EGF receptor inhibitor, 10 μM). The culture was then processed for cell proliferation, an mRNA expression analysis of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and E-cadherin, and protein expression analysis of E-cadherin by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. The eyes of C57/BL6 mice were incubated in serum-free medium plus travoprost (0.4 mg/ml) and/or PD168393 (10 μM). After being cultured for 24 h, the expression patterns of phospho-EGFR, phospho-ERK, E-cadherin, and Ki67 were immunohistochemically examined in paraffin sections.Results: The addition of travoprost up-regulated EGF mRNA expression and cell proliferation in the corneal epithelial cell culture, and this was cancelled by the addition of PD168393. This FP agonist also decreased E-cadherin expression levels in the cell-cell contact zone, and this was cancelled by the addition of PD168393. In the organ culture, the addition of travoprost to the medium up-regulated the expression of phospho-EGFR and phospho-ERK as well as cell proliferation, and down-regulated the expression of E-cadherin in the corneal epithelium, particularly in basal cells, whereas PD168393 reversed these effects.Conclusions: Travoprost activates epithelial cell proliferation by up-regulating an EGF-related signal in association with the suppression of E-cadherin localization in the cell-cell contact zone. Modulation of the EGF signal may be a strategy to minimize the negative impact of this mitogen on reformation of corneal barrier function during epithelial renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihisa Takada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamanaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yuka Okada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Sumioka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Peter S Reinach
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Shizuya Saika
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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19
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Ishihara M, Hu J, Wong A, Cano-Ruiz C, Wu L. Mouse- and patient-derived CAM xenografts for studying metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Enzymes 2019; 46:59-80. [PMID: 31727277 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma is the seventh most common cancer in the United States, and its metastatic form has a very poor prognosis due to a lack of effective treatment and thorough understanding on metastatic mechanism. This chapter will demonstrate a novel concept that intratumoral heterogeneity is essential for metastasis in renal cell carcinoma. We will first introduce the in vitro system and the mouse model that led to the finding of the cooperative mechanism for metastasis. Then, the results from the CAM model illustrate the cooperative interactions that lead to metastasis also occur in this model. We believe that the CAM model, as a unique and sustainable system, can open up new opportunities to study the metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe Ishihara
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Junhui Hu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Anthony Wong
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Celine Cano-Ruiz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lily Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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20
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Chen Z, Tao Q, Qiao B, Zhang L. Silencing of LINC01116 suppresses the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma by up-regulating microRNA-136 to inhibit FN1. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:6043-6059. [PMID: 31308744 PMCID: PMC6613355 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s197583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), one of the most common cancers worldwide with a high mortality rate, is accompanied by poor prognosis, highlighting the significance of early diagnosis and effective treatment. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been linked with the development and progression of various cancers. In this study, aberrantly expressed lncRNA LINC01116, microRNA-136 (miR-136), and fibronectin1 (FN1) were identified in OSCC using a microarray analysis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of LINC01116/miR-136/FN1 regulatory axis in OSCC. Methods The gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments in vitro were performed to alter the expression of LINC01116 and miR-136 in OSCC cells to elucidate their effects on cellular processes, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), viability, invasion, and migration. In addition, the interaction among LINC01116, miR-136, and FN1 was identified. Additionally, the tumorigenicity and lymph node metastasis (LNM) affected by LINC01116 were observed through xenograft tumor in nude mice. Results LINC01116 and FN1 were abundant in both OSCC tissues and cells, while miR-136 was poorly expressed. LINC01116 could competitively bind to miR-136, which targets and negatively regulates FN1. Moreover, in response to LINC01116 silencing or miR-136 over-expression, OSCC cells exhibited diminished EMT process and inhibited cell viability, invasion, and migration in vitro, coupling with impaired tumorigenicity and LNM in vivo. Conclusion The fundamental findings in this study collectively demonstrate that LINC01116 silencing may inhibit the progression of OSCC via the miR-136-mediated FN1 inhibition, highlighting a promising therapeutic strategy for OSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Tao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Qiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Leitao Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
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21
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Zidar N, Boštjančič E, Malgaj M, Gale N, Dovšak T, Didanovič V. The role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Virchows Arch 2017; 472:237-245. [PMID: 28699108 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-017-2192-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has emerged as a possible mechanism of cancer metastasizing, but strong evidence for EMT involvement in human cancer is lacking. Our aim was to compare oral spindle cell carcinoma (SpCC) as an example of EMT with oral conventional squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with and without nodal metastases to test the hypothesis that EMT contributes to metastasizing in oral SCC. Thirty cases of oral SCC with and without nodal metastasis and 15 cases of SpCC were included. Epithelial (cytokeratin, E-cadherin), mesenchymal (vimentin, N-cadherin), and stem cell markers (ALDH-1, CD44, Nanog, Sox-2) and transcription repressors (Snail, Slug, Twist) were analyzed immunohistochemically. We also analyzed the expression of microRNAs miR-141, miR-200 family, miR-205, and miR-429. SpCC exhibited loss of epithelial markers and expression of mesenchymal markers or coexpression of both up-regulation of transcription repressors and down-regulation of the investigated microRNAs. SCC showed only occasional focal expression of mesenchymal markers at the invasive front. No other differences were observed between SCC with and without nodal metastases except for a higher expression of ALDH-1 in SCC with metastases. Our results suggest that SpCC is an example of true EMT but do not support the hypothesis that EMT is involved in metastasizing of conventional SCC. Regarding oral SCC progression and metastasizing, we have been facing a shift from the initial enthusiasm for the EMT concept towards a more critical approach with "EMT-like" and "partial EMT" concepts. The real question, though, is, is there no EMT at all?
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Zidar
- University of Ljubljana, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Korytkova 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Emanuela Boštjančič
- University of Ljubljana, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Korytkova 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marija Malgaj
- Department of Nephrology, University Clinical Center, Zaloška 7, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Gale
- University of Ljubljana, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Korytkova 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Dovšak
- Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Clinical Center, Zaloška 7, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vojko Didanovič
- Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Clinical Center, Zaloška 7, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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22
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Hasegawa H, Kusumi Y, Asakawa T, Maeda M, Oinuma T, Furusaka T, Oshima T, Esumi M. Expression of von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein (pVHL) characteristic of tongue cancer and proliferative lesions in tongue epithelium. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:381. [PMID: 28549422 PMCID: PMC5446680 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with tongue cancer frequently show loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene. However, expression of VHL protein (pVHL) in tongue cancer has rarely been investigated and remains largely unknown. We performed immunohistochemical staining of pVHL in tongue tissues and dysplasia, and examined the association with LOH and its clinical significance. Methods Immunohistochemical staining of pVHL in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of cancerous and other tissues from 19 tongue cancer patients showed positivity for LOH of VHL in four samples, negativity in four samples, and was non-informative in 11 samples. The staining pattern of pVHL was also compared with those of cytokeratin (CK) 13 and CK17. Results In normal tongue tissues, pVHL staining was localized to the cytoplasm of cells in the basal layer and the area of the spinous layer adjacent to the basal layer of stratified squamous epithelium. Positive staining for pVHL was observed in the cytoplasm of cancer cells from all 19 tongue cancer patients. No differences as a result of the presence or absence of LOH were found. Notably, cytoplasm of poorly differentiated invasive cancer cells was less intensely stained than that of well and moderately differentiated invasive cancer cells. pVHL staining was also evident in epithelial dysplasia lesions with pVHL-positive cells expanding from the basal layer to the middle of the spinous layer. However, no CK13 staining was noted in regions of the epithelium, which were positive for pVHL. In contrast, regions with positive staining for CK17 closely coincided with those positive for pVHL. Conclusions Positive staining for pVHL was observed in cancerous areas but not in normal tissues. pVHL expression was also detected in lesions of epithelial dysplasia. These findings suggest that pVHL may be a useful marker for proliferative lesions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3364-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Hasegawa
- Deparment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchikami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kusumi
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchikami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Takeshi Asakawa
- Deparment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchikami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Miyoko Maeda
- Deparment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchikami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Toshinori Oinuma
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchikami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Tohru Furusaka
- Deparment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchikami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Takeshi Oshima
- Deparment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchikami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Mariko Esumi
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchikami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
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Zhou J, Huang S, Wang L, Yuan X, Dong Q, Zhang D, Wang X. Clinical and prognostic significance of HIF-1α overexpression in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2017; 15:104. [PMID: 28521842 PMCID: PMC5437521 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-017-1163-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have indicated an association between hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) expression and poor prognosis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC); however, definitive evidence of this association is yet to be obtained. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association of HIF-1α expression with clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival (OS) of patients with OSCC. METHODS A literature search for relevant studies published in English language as of February 05, 2016, was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases. Eighteen studies with a combined study population of 1474 patients with OSCC are included in the meta-analysis. Odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using random-effects model or fixed-effects model. RESULTS HIF-1α overexpression was significantly associated with larger tumor size (OR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.49-3.50, P = 0.017), advanced TNM stage (OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.50-3.49, P = 0.158), and lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.19-3.53, P < 0.001), but not with poor differentiation (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.55-2.64, P = 0.024). These results demonstrated an association between HIF-1α expression and biological behavior of OSCC. On pooled analyses, high expression of HIF-1α was associated with worse OS (HR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.10-2.61, P < 0.001). On subgroup analyses, overexpression of HIF-1α was significantly associated with poor prognosis in Asian population (HR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.72-3.15, P = 0.862). CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate an association of HIF-1α overexpression with tumor size, tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, and overall survival. HIF-1α could be an independent prognostic marker in patients with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Shengyun Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Central laboratories, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Quanjiang Dong
- Central laboratories, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Xuxia Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxygen (O2) homeostasis is an indispensable requirement of eukaryotes. O2 concentration in cellular milieu is defined as normoxia (∼21% O2), physoxia (∼1-13% O2) or hypoxia (∼0.1-1% O2). Hypoxia, a striking micro-environmental feature in tumorigenesis, is countered by tumor cells via induction of O2 governed transcription factor, hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). Post discovery, HIF-1 has emerged as a promising anticancer therapeutic target during the last two decades. Recent reports have highlighted that enhanced levels of HIF-1 correlate with tumor metastasis leading to poor patient prognosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic search in PubMed and SciFinder for the literature on HIF-1 biology and therapeutic importance in cancer was carried out. RESULTS This review highlights the initial description as well as the recent insights into HIF-1 biology and regulation. We have focused on emerging data regarding varied classes of HIF-1 target genes affecting various levels of crosstalk among tumorigenic pathways. We have emphasized on the fact that HIF-1 acts as a networking hub coordinating activities of multiple signaling molecules influencing tumorigenesis. Emerging evidences indicate role of many HIF-induced proteomic and genomic alterations in malignant progression by mediating a myriad of genes stimulating angiogenesis, anaerobic metabolism and survival of cancer cells in O2-deficient microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS Better understanding of the crucial role of HIF-1 in carcinogenesis could offer promising new avenues to researchers and aid in elucidating various open issues regarding the use of HIF-1 as an anticancer therapeutic target. In spite of large efforts in this field, many questions still remain unanswered. Hence, future investigations are necessary to devise, assess and refine methods for translating previous research efforts into novel clinical practices in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Soni
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Lab, Food and Nutraceuticals Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Yogendra S. Padwad
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Lab, Food and Nutraceuticals Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
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25
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Chang KP, Wang CI, Pickering CR, Huang Y, Tsai CN, Tsang NM, Kao HK, Cheng MH, Myers JN. Prevalence of promoter mutations in the TERT gene in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2017; 39:1131-1137. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.24728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ping Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Tao-Yuan Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Tao-Yuan Taiwan
- College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Tao-Yuan Taiwan
| | - Chun-I Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Tao-Yuan Taiwan
| | - Curtis R. Pickering
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
| | - Yenlin Huang
- Department of Pathology; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Tao-Yuan Taiwan
| | - Chi-Neu Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences; Chang Gung University; Tao-Yuan Taiwan
| | - Ngan-Ming Tsang
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Tao-Yuan Taiwan
| | - Huang-Kai Kao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Tao-Yuan Taiwan
- College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Tao-Yuan Taiwan
| | - Ming-Huei Cheng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Tao-Yuan Taiwan
- College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Tao-Yuan Taiwan
| | - Jeffrey N. Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
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Wang Y, Wang S, Wu Y, Ren Y, Li Z, Yao X, Zhang C, Ye N, Jing C, Dong J, Zhang K, Sun S, Zhao M, Guo W, Qu X, Qiao Y, Chen H, Kong L, Jin R, Wang X, Zhang L, Zhou J, Shen Q, Zhou X. Suppression of the Growth and Invasion of Human Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas via Regulating STAT3 Signaling and the miR-21/β-catenin Axis with HJC0152. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:578-590. [PMID: 28138036 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is involved in the tumor growth and metastasis of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and is therefore a target with therapeutic potential. In this study, we show that HJC0152, a recently developed anticancer agent and a STAT3 signaling inhibitor, exhibits promising antitumor effects against HNSCC both in vitro and in vivo via inactivating STAT3 and downstream miR-21/β-catenin axis. HJC0152 treatment efficiently suppressed HNSCC cell proliferation, arrested the cell cycle at the G0-G1 phase, induced apoptosis, and reduced cell invasion in both SCC25 and CAL27 cell lines. Moreover, HJC0152 inhibited nuclear translocation of phosphorylated STAT3 at Tyr705 and decreased VHL/β-catenin signaling activity via regulation of miR-21. Loss of function of VHL remarkably compromised the antitumor effect of HJC0152 in both cell lines. In our SCC25-derived orthotopic mouse models, HJC0152 treatment significantly abrogated STAT3/β-catenin expression in vivo, leading to a global decrease of tumor growth and invasion. With its favorable aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability, HJC0152 holds the potential to be translated into the clinic as a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with HNSCC. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(4); 578-90. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Sinan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital; Tianjin Gastroenterology and Hepatology Institute, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yansheng Wu
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yu Ren
- Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zhaoqing Li
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yao
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Na Ye
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Chao Jing
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Jiabin Dong
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Kailiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Minghui Zhao
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Wenyu Guo
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xin Qu
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yu Qiao
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Haiying Chen
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Lingping Kong
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Rui Jin
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Lun Zhang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Qiang Shen
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
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Bardag-Gorce F, Hoft RH, Wood A, Oliva J, Niihara H, Makalinao A, Thropay J, Pan D, Meepe I, Tiger K, Garcia J, Laporte A, French SW, Niihara Y. The Role of E-Cadherin in Maintaining the Barrier Function of Corneal Epithelium after Treatment with Cultured Autologous Oral Mucosa Epithelial Cell Sheet Grafts for Limbal Stem Deficiency. J Ophthalmol 2016; 2016:4805986. [PMID: 27777792 PMCID: PMC5061954 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4805986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of E-cadherin in epithelial barrier function of cultured autologous oral mucosa epithelial cell sheet (CAOMECS) grafts was examined. CAOMECS were cultured on a temperature-responsive surface and grafted onto rabbit corneas with Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency (LSCD). E-cadherin levels were significantly higher in CAOMECS compared to normal and LSCD epithelium. Beta-catenin colocalized with E-cadherin in CAOMECS cell membranes while phosphorylated beta-catenin was significantly increased. ZO-1, occludin, and Cnx43 were also strongly expressed in CAOMECS. E-cadherin and beta-catenin localization at the cell membrane was reduced in LSCD corneas, while CAOMECS-grafted corneas showed a restoration of E-cadherin and beta-catenin expression. LSCD corneas did not show continuous staining for ZO-1 or for Cnx43, while CAOMECS-grafted corneas showed a positive expression of ZO-1 and Cnx43. Cascade Blue® hydrazide did not pass through CAOMECS. Because E-cadherin interactions are calcium-dependent, EGTA was used to chelate calcium and disrupt cell adhesion. EGTA-treated CAOMECS completely detached from cell culture surface, and E-cadherin levels were significantly decreased. In conclusion, E cadherin high expression contributed to CAOMECS tight and gap junction protein recruitment at the cell membrane, thus promoting cellular adhesion and a functional barrier to protect the ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzia Bardag-Gorce
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed), Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Richard H. Hoft
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed), Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Andrew Wood
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed), Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Joan Oliva
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed), Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Hope Niihara
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed), Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Andrew Makalinao
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed), Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Thropay
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed), Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Derek Pan
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed), Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Imara Meepe
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed), Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Kumar Tiger
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed), Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Julio Garcia
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed), Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Amanda Laporte
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed), Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Samuel W. French
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed), Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Yutaka Niihara
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed), Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
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Iwata E, Hasegawa T, Takeda D, Ueha T, Kawamoto T, Akisue T, Sakai Y, Komori T. Transcutaneous carbon dioxide suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:1493-8. [PMID: 26846904 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common form of oral cancers. Recent studies have shown that the malignant transformation of various carcinomas, including OSCC, is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and that expression of the EMT factors are significantly associated with tumor invasion, tumor metastasis, and survival rates in OSCC patients. Hence, there is a possibility that EMT suppression may improve the prognosis of OSCC patients. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a crucial microenvironmental factor in tumor progression, which induces the expression of EMT factors. We previously reported that transcutaneous CO2 suppresses both human OSCC tumor growth and metastasis to the regional lymph nodes by improving hypoxia in treated tissue. According to this background, we hypothesized that increased EMT with HIF-1α expression may increase the progression and the metastatic potential of OSCC, and that decreased hypoxia by transcutaneous CO2 could suppress EMT. In the present study, in vitro studies showed that hypoxic conditions increased the expression of HIF-1α and EMT factors in OSCC cells. In addition, in vivo studies revealed that transcutaneous CO2 increased E-cadherin expression with the decreased expression of HIF-1α, Snail, Slug, N-cadherin, and Vimentin in tumor treatment. These results suggest that transcutaneous CO2 could suppress EMT by improving hypoxia, resulting in the reduction of metastatic potential of OSCC. The findings indicate that transcutaneous CO2 may be able to improve the prognosis of OSCC patients through the suppression of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Iwata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takumi Hasegawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takeda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ueha
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Teruya Kawamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Akisue
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshitada Sakai
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takahide Komori
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Sun SS, Zhou X, Huang YY, Kong LP, Mei M, Guo WY, Zhao MH, Ren Y, Shen Q, Zhang L. Targeting STAT3/miR-21 axis inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition via regulating CDK5 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:213. [PMID: 26690371 PMCID: PMC4687320 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormal activation of STAT3 and miR-21 plays a vital role in progression and invasion of solid tumors. The cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is reported to contribute to cancer metastasis by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the role of STAT3/miR-21 axis and CDK5 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma remains unclear. Methods We measured the expression of miR-21, CDK5 and EMT markers in 60 HNSCC tumor samples. We used Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization assay to examine the role of STAT3/miR-21 axis and CDK5 activation in the invasiveness of HNSCC. The clinical survival relevance was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and univariate/multivariate COX regression model. Multiple approaches including scratch, transwell chamber assay and other molecular biology techniques were used to validate the anti-invasion effect of targeting miR-21 in Tca8113 and Hep-2 cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, whether miR-21 depletion inhibits HNSCC invasion in vivo was confirmed in Tca8113 xenograft tumor model. Results The expression of miR-21 and CDK5 were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis in HNSCC. Hep-2 and Tca8113 cell lines showed co-overexpression of miR-21 and CDK5. WP1066 or asON-miR-21 treatment depleted miR-21 and CDK5 expression and significantly inhibited migration or invasion in Hep-2 and Tca8113 cells. The expression levels of CDK5/p35, N-cadherin, vimentin, β-catenin were inhibited while E-cadherin level was increased by miR-21 depletion in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, ectopic CDK5 overexpression significantly induced tumor cell motility and EMT. Moreover, ectopic CDK5 overexpression in Hep-2 and Tca8113 cells rescued the observed phenotype after miR-21 silencing or WP1066 treatment. Conclusions miR-21 cooperates with CDK5 to promote EMT and invasion in HNSCC. This finding suggests that CDK5 may be an important cofactor for targeting when designing metastasis-blocking therapy by targeting STAT3/miR-21 axis with STAT3 inhibitor or miR-21 antisense oligonucleotide. This is the first demonstration of the novel role of STAT3/miR-21 axis and CDK5/CDK5R1 (p35) in metastasis of HNSCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0487-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Sun
- The Maxillary Facial and Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi District, Tianjin, TJ, 300060, China.
| | - Xuan Zhou
- The Maxillary Facial and Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi District, Tianjin, TJ, 300060, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Huang
- The Maxillary Facial and Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi District, Tianjin, TJ, 300060, China.
| | - Ling-Ping Kong
- The Maxillary Facial and Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi District, Tianjin, TJ, 300060, China.
| | - Mei Mei
- Basic Medical Research Center, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, TJ, 300070, China.
| | - Wen-Yu Guo
- The Maxillary Facial and Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi District, Tianjin, TJ, 300060, China.
| | - Ming-Hui Zhao
- The Maxillary Facial and Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi District, Tianjin, TJ, 300060, China.
| | - Yu Ren
- Basic Medical Research Center, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, TJ, 300070, China.
| | - Qiang Shen
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Lun Zhang
- The Maxillary Facial and Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi District, Tianjin, TJ, 300060, China.
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Zhao K, Barkley TW. Von Hippel-Lindau: Current Evidence in Diagnosis, Treatment, and Nursing Implications. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2015; 19:E121-5. [PMID: 26583646 DOI: 10.1188/15.cjon.e121-e125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary disorder that predisposes individuals to benign and malignant tumors in the brain, eyes, kidneys, pancreas, genital tract, or other body parts. The VHL gene, which is located on the short arm of chromosome 3, prevents cells from dividing too rapidly. Mutations in the VHL gene result in uncontrollable cell growth and tumor formation. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this article is to summarize the current research literature describing diagnosis, treatment, and nursing implications of VHL. METHODS Three electronic databases, relevant journals, and relevant websites were searched. FINDINGS The majority of patients affected with VHL have an affected parent, but a small percentage develop VHL from a new mutation that takes place in a single egg or sperm during conception or from a post-conception mutation. Genetic testing, either through sequence analysis, Southern blot analysis, or quantitative polymerase chain reaction, is considered standard in evaluating patients suspected of having VHL. A diagnosis of VHL can be made by identifying one VHL tumor for a patient who has a confirmed family history of VHL. The presence of at least two tumors is required to make a diagnosis of VHL in a patient without a positive family history. The nursing role includes providing resources on VHL genetic counseling, genetic testing, and palliative care.
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Sun SS, Zhang L, Yang J, Zhou X. Role of runt-related transcription factor 2 in signal network of tumors as an inter-mediator. Cancer Lett 2015; 361:1-7. [PMID: 25727319 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) is a member of the polyomavirus enhancer-binding protein 2/core-binding factor superfamily. RUNX2 is known for its contribution to osteoblast phenotype and bone formation. In recent years, increasing attention has been focused on the relationship of Runx2 with tumorigenesis. In different types of tumor cells, RUNX2 cooperates with its co-activators or co-inhibitors, and mediates the responses of cells to various signaling pathways that are hyperactive in tumors. Thus, several downstream target genes of RUNX2 are activated when RUNX2 interacts with its co-factors, leading to a variety of effects on tumor cells (epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, proliferation, and osteolytic lesion). This review focuses on the involvement of RUNX2 in tumor cells in the crosstalk of diverse signaling pathways and its multiple functions to develop optimal and feasible approaches for clinical treatment based on the functions of RUNX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Sun
- The Maxillary Facial and Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer, Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer, Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi District, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Lun Zhang
- The Maxillary Facial and Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer, Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer, Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi District, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Jingxuan Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Stanton L. Young Biomedical, Research Center, BRC I264, Oklahoma City, OK 73 104, USA
| | - Xuan Zhou
- The Maxillary Facial and Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer, Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer, Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi District, Tianjin 300060, China.
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Bogachek MV, De Andrade JP, Weigel RJ. Regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition through SUMOylation of transcription factors. Cancer Res 2014; 75:11-5. [PMID: 25524900 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carcinoma cells can transition from an epithelial-to-mesenchymal differentiation state through a process known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The process of EMT is characterized by alterations in the pattern of gene expression and is associated with a loss of cell polarity, an increase in invasiveness, and an increase in cells expressing cancer stem cell (CSC) markers. The reverse process of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) can also occur, though the transitions characterizing EMT and MET can be incomplete. A growing number of transcription factors have been identified that influence the EMT/MET processes. Interestingly, SUMOylation regulates the functional activity of many of the transcription factors governing transitions between epithelial and mesenchymal states. In some cases, the transcription factor is a small ubiquitin-like modifier conjugated directly, thus altering its transcriptional activity or cell trafficking. In other cases, SUMOylation alters transcriptional mechanisms through secondary effects. This review explores the role of SUMOylation in controlling transcriptional mechanisms that regulate EMT/MET in cancer. Developing new drugs that specifically target SUMOylation offers a novel therapeutic approach to block tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ronald J Weigel
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
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