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Castilho NL, Martelli DRB, Machado RA, Cunha ZA, dos Reis C, Queiroz PR, de Sá Silva D, Oliveira EA, Coletta RD, Martelli-Júnior H. Frequency of Oral Lesions, Olfactory, and Gustatory Disorders and Xerostomia in Patients with COVID-19. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:179. [PMID: 38920880 PMCID: PMC11203208 DOI: 10.3390/dj12060179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, a respiratory illness with a global impact on millions, has recently been linked to manifestations affecting various bodily systems, including the oral cavity. Studies highlight oral issues, like ulcers, blisters, and white patches, alongside olfactory and gustatory dysfunction, influencing an individual's quality of life. In this context, our study aimed to assess the frequency of oral lesions, olfactory and gustatory disorders, and xerostomia resulting from COVID-19. An observational study was conducted with 414 patients to evaluate the frequency of oral symptoms resulting from COVID-19. Patients were diagnosed with mild symptoms and evaluated through clinical examination of the oral cavity and a questionnaire to assess functional alterations. The findings showed that 139 out of 414 patients presented clinical manifestations, with oral lesions being the most prevalent (19.1%), followed by gustatory disorders (18.1%), xerostomia (14.2%), and olfactory dysfunction (14%). The most prevalent oral lesions were ulcerations (n = 51), candidiasis (n = 8), and erythema or red plaques (n = 7). Unfortunately, 50 (12.1%) patients died during this study. Therefore, oral lesions, olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions, and xerostomia are common symptoms associated with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Lopes Castilho
- Health Science/Primary Care Postgraduate Program, State University of Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros 39400-000, Brazil; (N.L.C.); (Z.A.C.)
| | - Daniella R. Barbosa Martelli
- Health Science/Primary Care Postgraduate Program, Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology, Dental School, State University of Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros 39400-000, Brazil; (D.R.B.M.); (H.M.-J.)
| | - Renato Assis Machado
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Graduate Program in Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-018, Brazil;
| | - Zêus Araujo Cunha
- Health Science/Primary Care Postgraduate Program, State University of Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros 39400-000, Brazil; (N.L.C.); (Z.A.C.)
| | - Claudiojanes dos Reis
- Mário Ribeiro Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, Funorte University Center, Montes Claros 39401-222, Brazil; (C.d.R.); (P.R.Q.); (D.d.S.S.)
| | - Priscila Regina Queiroz
- Mário Ribeiro Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, Funorte University Center, Montes Claros 39401-222, Brazil; (C.d.R.); (P.R.Q.); (D.d.S.S.)
| | - Dayane de Sá Silva
- Mário Ribeiro Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, Funorte University Center, Montes Claros 39401-222, Brazil; (C.d.R.); (P.R.Q.); (D.d.S.S.)
| | - Eduardo Araujo Oliveira
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 30310-580, Brazil;
- Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children’s Hospital, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ricardo D. Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Graduate Program in Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-018, Brazil;
| | - Hercílio Martelli-Júnior
- Health Science/Primary Care Postgraduate Program, Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology, Dental School, State University of Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros 39400-000, Brazil; (D.R.B.M.); (H.M.-J.)
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Tiwari J, Tripathi N, Srivastava RS, Kumar S, Singh S, Jain S, Khattri A. Low expression of TMPRSS2–a SARS-CoV-2 internalization protease–associates with basal subtype of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2022; 22:101458. [PMID: 35607455 PMCID: PMC9117167 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
ACE2 and TMPRSS2, which are utilized for the COVID-19 entry into human cells, are expressed throughout the head and neck tissues. Different subtypes of HNSCC patients have different expression pattern of genes utilized by the COVID-19 to enter human cells. HPV-negative HNSCC patients have significantly lower expression of TMPRSS2 while significantly higher expression of ACE2 and FURIN. The basal subtype of HNSCC patients show significantly lower expression of TMPRSS2 but significantly higher expression of FURIN. We predict that the HNSCC patients of the basal subtype would be less susceptible to COVID-19 infection compared to the patients of other subtypes.
SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded RNA virus that has caused the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. ACE2 and other genes utilized by SARS-CoV-2 to enter human cells have been shown to express in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. However, their expression pattern in different subtypes has not been investigated. Hence, in the current study, we have analyzed the expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2 and FURIN in 649 HNSCC patients from two independent cohorts. Our analysis showed significantly lower expression of TMPRSS2 while significantly increased expression of ACE2 and FURIN in HPV-negative HNSCC. Comparison of expression of these genes in the three subtypes of HNSCC patients (basal, classical and inflamed/mesenchymal) showed no significant difference in the expression of ACE2 among the three subtypes; however, the basal subtype showed significantly reduced expression of TMPRSS2 but significantly increased expression of FURIN. Comparison of expression of these genes between the HPV-negative patients of basal subtype vs all others confirmed significantly lower expression of TMPRSS2 in HPV-negative patients of basal subtype as compared to all others. Our study shows that the different subtypes of HNSCC patients have different expression patterns of genes utilized by the SARS-CoV-2 to enter human cells, and hence, their susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 may also be different. As the expression of TMPRSS2 is significantly lower in the HNSCC patients of the basal subtype, we predict that these patients would be less susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection than the patients of other subtypes. However, these findings need to be further validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayesh Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Nancy Tripathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Sujeet Kumar
- Centre for Proteomics and Drug Discovery, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Shreyans Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Arun Khattri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
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Impact of smartphone application usage by mothers in improving oral health and its determinants in early childhood: a randomised controlled trial in a paediatric dental setting. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2022; 23:629-639. [PMID: 35841512 PMCID: PMC9287817 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-022-00731-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Integration of smartphones has overcome barriers in traditional education; this trial aimed at exploring this ubiquitous platform in oral health education. A smartphone application promoting preschooler’s oral health was designed and its effectiveness was compared with that of common oral health education delivered in paediatric dental settings. Methods This controlled clinical trial was performed on preschooler–mother dyads referring to the clinic of Tehran School of Dentistry in 2019–2020. Initially, the dyads were randomly partitioned to application intervention or common training groups. The mothers answered an interviewer-administered questionnaire on paediatric dentistry knowledge, attitude and practice regarding children’s oral health; modified plaque index (m-PI) and modified gingival index (m-GI) of children were measured. Subsequently, the smartphone application was installed for application intervention group and an educational pamphlet and verbal explanations were given to common training group. In 1-month and 3-month follow-ups, the questionnaires and clinical measurement were re-done. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to investigate the effect of training methods. Results Among the participants 51 dyad attended baseline and follow-up assessments. The preschoolers mean age was 4.6 ± 1.2 years and 54.4% were girls. Both trainings improved mothers’ knowledge and practice regarding children’s oral health and reduced children’s m-PI and m-GI (p < 0.050). The 3-month follow-up revealed a better m-GI in application intervention group (p < 0.001). Conclusions Considering the greater improvement of paediatric gingival status in the application intervention group, it appears that smartphone applications may provide a promising tool for more prolonged impacts in children oral health care. Trial registration IRCT, IRCT20131102015238N3. Registered 28 July 2019 https://en.irct.ir/trial/40933 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40368-022-00731-9.
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Pitak-Arnnop P, Meningaud JP, Sirintawat N, Subbalekha K, Auychai P, Iamaroon A, O-Charoenrat P, Suntorntham S, Messer-Peti R, Neff A. A German AWMF's S2e/realist synthesis and meta-narrative snapshot of craniomaxillofacial manifestations in COVID-19 patients: Rapid living update on 1 January 2021. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2022; 123:64-73. [PMID: 33524604 PMCID: PMC9767311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSES To execute a review answering the following question: "Among novel coronavirus disease (COVID19) patients, what are craniomaxillofacial (CMF) manifestations?" based on the RAMESES and the German Association of Scientific Medical Societies (AWMF)'s S2e guidelines. METHODS We performed a realist synthesis and meta-narrative review extracting data in English, French, German and Thai from PubMed/Medline, Embase, Biomed Central, Cochrane Library, and Thai Journals Online, until 1 January 2021. The primary outcome variable was CMF manifestations grouped into 5 categories: (1) mouth and throat, (2) nose, paranasal sinus, and skull base (3) ocular/orbital and periorbital tissue, (4) ear, and (5) craniofacial skin. Appropriate statistics was computed. RESULTS Thirty-seven original articles meeting the inclusion criteria were analysed; all were in English and indexed in PubMed/Medline. Hand searches of their references yielded a total of 101 articles for the review. Most data were in low level of evidence and focused on smell and taste disturbances and non-specific orofacial lesions. Iatrogenic complications may occur in this body region. Conservative measures remained effective and were usually enough for patient care. CONCLUSION Because SARS-CoV-2 infection is new and becomes the stringent worldwide pandemic within a short time period, most of the data on CMF symptoms are of low level evidence. Apart from taste and smell dysfunctions, non-specific CMF lesions can be found and treated conservatively. Treatment complications are possible. Dentists and CMF surgeons are privileged to examine the orofacial region and work closely with colleagues in other specialities to combat this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poramate Pitak-Arnnop
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, UKGM GmbH, Campus Marburg, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Corresponding author at: Klinik für MKG-Chirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Marburg, UKGM, Baldingerstr., 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jean-Paul Meningaud
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Henri Mondor University Hospital, AP-HP, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne (Paris XII), Créteil, France
| | - Nattapong Sirintawat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Keskanya Subbalekha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prim Auychai
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anak Iamaroon
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chaing Mai, Thailand,Excellence Center in Osteology Research and Training Center (ORTC), Chiang Mai University, Chaing Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Surajit Suntorntham
- HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulaborn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Robert Messer-Peti
- Department of Urology, Medius Klinik Ostfildern‐Ruit – Academic Teaching Hospital of University Tübingen, Ostfildern, Germany
| | - Andreas Neff
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, UKGM GmbH, Campus Marburg, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Abdelgawad N, Elsayed SA, Babkair H, Dar-Odeh N. Verrucous leukoplakia affecting the tongue of a patient recovered from COVID-19. Minerva Dent Oral Sci 2021; 70:128-130. [PMID: 34124875 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6329.21.04482-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Abdelgawad
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Diagnosis and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine for Girls, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shadia A Elsayed
- Departement of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine for Girls, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt - .,College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamzah Babkair
- College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najla Dar-Odeh
- College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Saudi Arabia.,School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Chen S. Identification of SARS-CoV-2 Proteins Binding Human mRNAs As a Novel Signature Predicting Overall Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 40:359-372. [PMID: 33290144 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.6278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is the virus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been confirmed in cancers through binding specific mRNAs to invade human cells. Therefore, the aim of this study described here was to develop and validate novel SARS-CoV-2 proteins binding human mRNAs (SPBRs) signature to predict overall survival (OS) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Using multivariate Cox regression analysis, a set of SPBRs was identified to establish a multigene signature in the Cancer Genome Atlas repositories cohort. Furthermore, a nomogram was established based on the signature and clinical risk factors to improve risk stratification for individual patients. External validation was performed in the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) cohort. A six-SPBR signature was built to classify patients into two risk groups using a risk score with different OS in two cohorts (all p < 0.0001). Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated the signature was an independent predictor of HCC. Moreover, the signature presented an excellent diagnostic power in differentiating HCC and normal tissues. Gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated that high-risk group was closely enriched in cell cycle, DNA replication, microRNAs in cancer, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. The novel signature demonstrated great clinical value in predicting the OS for patients with HCC, and will provide a good reference between cancer research and SARS-CoV-2 and help individualized treatment in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Taihe Country, Taihe, China
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